Literature Research Articles

THE MOTIF OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT'S INFLUENCE ON THE INDIVIDUAL

The article analyzes the motif of the influence of urban life on the characters (the fate of people) of Tolen Abdikov’s story “The right hand” and Didar Amantay’s story “I miss you”. Also, issues such as loneliness, misunderstanding within the family, lack of time in the city, the density of the life schedule, people’s envy and jealousy, that are part of city life were comprehensively analyzed through examples from the works. The influence of city life on the consciousness, mood and soul of a person, conflict situations in communication between people were revealed based on a psychoanalytic analysis of the heroes’ characters and analyzed with examples of situations which took place in the personal practice of the scientist K. Jung who studied the psychology of creativity. The hermeneutic method is employed for the interpretation of the text of a literary work, while the psychoanalytic method is utilized for discerning the author's unconscious imagination and analyzing the unconscious actions of characters within the literary piece. Furthermore, the article sets forth the task of analyzing changes in the psychology of urban characters in relation to societal transformations. The conclusions drawn from this study can be applied as additional educational material in preparation for lectures and practical classes in the disciplines “Theory of Literature”, “Modern Kazakh Literature”, “Literary Analysis and Literary Creativity” which are taught in universities and also during studying the formation of new directions in literary criticism.

Protecting Intellectual Property Rights in Civil Legislation: A Comparative Study Between French Civil Law and Iraqi Civil Law

This study deals with the protection of intellectual property rights in French and Iraqi civil law. This is because the literary and life creativity in Iraq is declining, it is difficult to invest money in new things, and the number of people who comply with the artificial laws made since 2003 is increasing, and secondly, another reason, people's ignorance of the existing laws in Iraq. Iraq, so it is necessary. In each legislation, legal mechanisms are used to promote media and life publishing and help people make money in the process of inventing literary and life works, which can be achieved by granting them a series of intellectual property rights that represent different privileges. From the fundamental rights of people, which are psychologically and morally valid at one or more points in time. This leads us to delve deeper into these rights, which have been incorporated into civil subjects since the creation of some of them through exchanges between authors and publishers or those who own innovative objects. This returns to the ownership model of the target company. In this way, we will mainly discuss the issue of intellectual property rights and carefully discuss the specific rights divided between the French Civil Code and the Civil Code, and then turn our attention to the two themes of law and incentives. The Civil Code collapses. This consists of comparing the independence of intellectual property rights, mainly regulated by French and Iraqi civil laws, and secondly with some provisions of the model.

Wardens of fate – forgotten, repressed. On literaryrepresentations of the Holocaust. Selected texts published in Polandin the nineteen forties and fifties

The text examines whether we can fi nd in literary works published shortly after the Second WorldWar any attempts to diagnose Polish entanglement in Shoa. The analysis tries to take into accountnumerous works of contemporary critical humanities and arts. So called ”Polish witness” of Shoawas traditionally considered in common discourse “helpless”, because of the Nazi terror, becausethey were not seen as representative for their culture but as individual cases. Today we can seethem – in the light of exactly the same texts – as co-perpetrators, because our social, cultural andhistorical knowledge is today much deeper and broader.

From Folklore to Proust: A Quest across Symbolic Universes

This study explores the intersection of folklore and literature, specifically examining how a methodology developed for interpreting wondertales can be applied to a complex literary corpus, such as Marcel Proust’s À la recherche du temps perdu (In Search of Lost Time). The discussion proposes a case study for the use of allomotifs, or interchangeable motifs, to understand symbolic patterns in Proust’s literary work. The paper lays bare a widespread metaphorical field in wondertales, then follows its complications in the Proustian corpus. It suggests that Proust’s œuvre, much like folklore, operates within a symbolic universe where binary oppositions, such as good and evil or male and female, are fluid and dynamic. The discussion shows that Proust’s literary imagination aligns surprisingly well with the workings of folklore. This hybrid space of the imagination challenges conventional distinctions between folklore and literature, and brings to mind Lévi-Strauss’ erstwhile ruminations on the pensée sauvage.

Translanguaging as a Method in Literary Works: A Case Study of the Chinese Literary Work Food Is Heaven

Translanguaging as a Method in Literary Works: A Case Study of the Chinese Literary Work Food Is Heaven

On The Politics of Arabic Literary Translation

This paper examines the external factors influencing the selection and reception of literary texts in translation, with a focus on the representation of Arab culture in the West. Drawing on Andre Lefevere's (1992) concept of patronage, the author discusses how patrons, including institutions and individuals, shape the translation and publication of Arabic literary works and explores their impact on the representation of Arab culture in the West. The paper gives examples of several translated Arabic works, reading through the external factors that have influenced their selection, translation, and reception in their target culture. The study contends that the translation of Arabic literature is often driven by ideological and financial motivations, resulting in a restrictive representation of Arab culture that perpetuates stereotypes and exoticism. Furthermore, the paper argues that the “decontextualization” of translated texts leads to a loss of their original identity and purpose, as they are re-inserted within their new context and reinterpreted according to the socio-cultural background of the target audience. By shedding light on the complex dynamics governing literary translation from Arabic, this study highlights the need for understanding the external factors that shape the translation and representation of Arabic literature in the West.

The Digital Hereafter, or: Nirvana in the Cloud

In the discussion of posthuman encounters, the focus is predominantly on robotics and the cyborg, artificial intelligence, and the implementation of technological elements into the human body. Less often explored is the complementary vision of the uploaded mind as a promise of life extension or even immortality. Nevertheless, there is, by now, quite a body of conceptual explorations, promises, warnings and also popularizations of this idea. The technological options described range from memory transfer to whole brain emulation or simulation, and they raise a multitude of theoretical, technological, philosophical and ethical concerns. Unsurprisingly, the assessment varies from enthusiastic celebration to dystopian nightmares, and the concepts have also been explored controversially in literary works. In my paper I outline the most important arguments and discuss some works of science fiction which explore visions of uploaded minds, most importantly Greg Evans’s Permutation City, Amitav Ghosh’s The Calcutta Chromosome, and Jeanette Winterson’s Frankissstein.

Phraseologisms in Abdulla Oripov's Poetry

This article explores the use of phraseological units in the poetry of Abdulla Oripov, a renowned people's poet of Uzbekistan. It examines how Oripov skillfully incorporates phraseological expressions into his poems, enhancing their artistic value. The study also delves into synonymous phrases and lexical-phraseological synonyms, providing insight into their role in enriching poetic language. By analyzing the poet's use of these linguistic elements, the article aims to highlight the artistic and expressive potential of phraseological units in poetry. The research contributes to the understanding of phraseology in literary works and offers implications for further studies on the relationship between phraseology and poetic artistry.

Habsburg-Lotaringiai Mária Leopoldina főhercegnő élete Brazília függetlenné válásának idején

This study aims to provide a Hungarian-language overview of the life and role of the Austrian Archduchess Leopoldina, who became the first Empress of Brazil and rained at the time of Brazil’s independence. Leopoldina’s marriage to Crown Prince Peter connected the houses of Habsburg-Lorraine and Braganza after the Congress of Vienna. The union aimed to strengthen dynastic, political, and economic ties during the period of monarchical restoration and the Holy Alliance. Leopoldina left behind numerous letters, which have become important historical sources. Despite several books being written about her life, no complete biography has been published in Hungarian. The aim of this study is to fill that gap by presenting Leopoldina’s life in Brazil, exploring her role in the independence struggles, and examining her influence on Austro-Brazilian relations. The study seeks to provide an objective assessment of Leopoldina’s role, avoiding both exaggeration and romantic nostalgia. It relies on international litera ture, letters, diplomatic reports, and other contemporary documents. By investigating the circumstances and experiences of Leopoldina’s trip to Brazil, her contributions to Brazilian independence, and the involvement of Hungarian participants in the expedition, the study aims to determine her impact on shaping political events, and concludes that her cultural influence and popularity still persist in Brazil and Austria today.

Influences of the Literary Canon: Statistical Analysis of High School Reading Lists in the Czech Republic

This study focuses on the analysis of the school lists of literary works for the graduation exam, which were published for the exam in the school year 2019/2020. The aim of this pilot study is to determine if there is a relation between school lists and the state-certified list, which is also a determining factor for the graduation exam in the Czech language and literaure. Questions regarding the influence of the school list on the success rate of the graduation exam or the relation between the type of school and the size of the list and the graduation exam are also discussed. We analyze the lists from 72 schools from the South Moravian Region in the Czech Republic. In total, we are dealing with 7 551 items, on which the correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis are applied.

Character in the Collection of Sixth Grader Stories

Background: Character figure in short story refers to the traits, personalities, and attributes possessed by the characters in story short the. Character figure This form base for method reader understand and relate with story. Alif Integrated Islamic Elementary School implements a program to develop writing literacy for grade 6 students. This program takes the form of training in making Short Story anthology books. Literary works are description life humans created by the author. One of type literary works are story short. Purpose: The aim of this research is to identify characters in the collection short story student 6th grade SDIT ALIF Ciawi. Design and methods: Research methods used​ study This is analysis content, This method use ATLAS.ti For obtain data. Results: In research found that characters created by SDIT Alif Ciawi students two types were found character that is character anthropomorphic and non- anthropomorphic. Results of research conducted on 34 short stories SDIT Alif Ciawi students there is Non- Anthropomorphic characters namely "Human ", whereas character anthropomorphic emerges​ in short story student that is : Grasshopper, Eagle, Squirrel, Chameleon, Fish, Deer, Mother Birds, Cats, Rats, Ants, Snakes, Male Birds, Trees Petai, Broccoli, Vegetables, Apple Trees, Hap-hap, Jin Tomang, Durian Trees, Carrots, Spinach, Worms, Kriko and Mushrooms.

Literary Significance of Number Archetypes

This article explains the importance of number archetypes, putting emphasize on their roles as symbols that transcend simple numerical value to show deeper meanings and functions across various cultures and their literature. In this work, main number archetypes are also highlighted. For instance, three embodies unity in diversity, seven symbolizes spirituality and perfection, and twelve represents wholeness and order. These symbol archetypes not only contribute layers of meaning to literary works but also facilitate the expression of complex themes and universal truths. By connecting these archetypes to religious texts, myths, and cultural traditions, this article explores that numbers can enrich narratives and provide insight into human experiences. Finally, the discussion presents the examination of number archetypes in literature as a creative pathway to improve our understanding of reality and cultural way of storytelling.

The Application of Zwart’s Shift Model to the English-Arabic Translation of Technology News

The present research paper discusses the applicability of Zwart’s “Comparative–Descriptive Model of Translation Shifts” (1984) to translating Sci-Tech news from English into Arabic. This comprehensive model primarily investigates the translation shifts occurring in literary discourse. To the best of the reCsearcher’s knowledge, very few attempts have been made to apply this shift analysis-based model to the translation of other types of discourse. The paper applies this model to translating scientific discourse, particularly technology news, on several reliable news websites, such as BBC and CNBC. English news on the English websites (ST) and the Arabic translation (TT) on these websites are used as data for the comparative and descriptive analysis. Zwart’s comparative model describes the translation shifts on the microstructural level by comparing the architranseme and the SL and TL transoms. The descriptive model provides insights into the shifts on the macrostructural level. The paper concludes that shifts occurring in the translation of Sci-Tech news can be best described, analysed, and categorised within Zwart’s comparative model. It also concludes that shifts on the microstructural level do not necessarily lead to a noticeable macrostructural change in the primary language metafunctions (interpersonal, ideational, and textual) as in the translation of literary works. Syntactic shifts may, however, result in a macrostructural change of the textual metafunction, which alters the propositional content in some instances.

Shadows of Childhood Trauma: A Psychoanalytic Exploration of Colour, Isolation, and Insecurity in Kamala Das's Literary Work

Shadows of Childhood Trauma: A Psychoanalytic Exploration of Colour, Isolation, and Insecurity in Kamala Das's Literary Work

Treatment of Rural Life and Nature in Jasimuddin and Wordsworth

This article aims to address William Wordsworth’s treatment of nature as a recurring motif in his poems. Wordsworth finds nature as a living thing that provides him with both enjoyment and knowledge. Only a few well-known poems that demonstrate the depth and evolution of his love for nature, his conception of mysticism in nature, joy in nature, universal love in nature, spiritual unity of nature, bond between nature and man, soothing influence and healing power of nature have been taken from the corpus of his literary works. The poet leaves his readers with a plenty of heartfelt and beautiful poems that are the timeless treasures of romanticism. On the other hand, Jasimuddin occupies a significant place in Bangla poetry. Being a poet during the time of Kazi Nazrul Islam and Rabindranath Tagore allow him to have a prestigious position. Due to the beautiful way he portrays rural Bengal, he is regarded as a Palli Kabi (Pastoral Poet). His presentation of nature is very touchy and sensuous. Thus, this article aims to investigate treatment of nature and rural life in some poems of Jasimuddin and Wordsworth.

Hydropedagogical Literary Perspective on the Brantas River Myth in Java, Indonesia

This study on the myths of the Brantas River is conducted using a literature hydropedagogy perspective. The research aims to dissect the literary aspects of the myth by applying the concept of water studies. This qualitative research uses data in the form of mythological narratives about the Brantas River that are prevalent in the Kediri community, collected through interviews with local residents. The data is analyzed through various literatures using the hydropedagogy perspective developed based on the concept "Learning from Water" by Prof. Dr. Suwardi Endraswara, M.Hum. The origin of the Brantas River is described by Empu Bharada, who divided the Kediri Kingdom’s territory by pouring water from a jug in the middle of the kingdom. The analysis reveals several Javanese philosophies related to water: (1) water always flows from higher to lower places, (2) water always fills empty spaces, and (3) water always flows to the estuary. Additionally, the term "kendhi" is derived from the phrase "kendhalining dhiri". A myth suggests that if a president crosses the Brantas River, they will lose their position or power. This belief is linked to the mystical nature of the Brantas River, often used for rituals and spiritual practices by ancestors. However, the validity of this belief depends on one's logic and religious values. Moreover, the study explores how individuals perceive myths as life guidelines or literary works that enhance cultural awareness and wisdom in facing life.

Marginalisation and Portrayal of Women Characters in Indian Diasporic Writings: A Study of Jhumpa Lahiri and Bharati Mukherjee

Most authors of post-colonial diasporic origin tend to write in a formulaic fashion. Inviting readers from all over the world, they use methods as varied as stream of consciousness, immigration, magic realism, alienation, and the capacity to adjust to a new area and culture. The literary world has taken notice of Indian literature in English because of the depth and relevance of its subject matter. The contemporary trend in Indian writing in English is unparalleled, despite the fact that outstanding literary works written in English were discovered a century ago. Numerous authors have gained widespread recognition on both a national and international scale. Some of the most well-known Indian authors of the modern era did not even grow up in India. Modern Indian English literature found a strong ally in India's female authors. They have shed light on many of the ongoing problems that women have had to deal with for centuries. Women who have stepped out to demonstrate their efficacy in numerous fields have been met with resistance from patriarchal culture. An identity crisis does not arise from one specific event or cause. A person's identity crisis may have been brought on by a number of different things.

History, Memory, Landscape, and Patriarchal Ideology in the Novels of Easterine Kire: A Comparative Study of 'A Respectable Woman' and 'A Terrible Matriarchy

This comparative study delves into the literary works of Easterine Kire, a prominent Naga author, to explore the intricate interplay of history, memory, landscape, and patriarchal ideology in her novels 'A Respectable Woman' and 'A Terrible Matriarchy.' Set against the backdrop of Nagaland, India, these novels provide a nuanced understanding of the socio-cultural dynamics and transformations that have shaped the Naga society. Memory emerges as a central theme, as the study examines how characters in both novels grapple with personal and collective memories, reflecting the broader collective memory of the Naga people. The landscape, both natural and urban, serves as a powerful symbol in Kire's works. Furthermore, the research investigates the presence of patriarchal ideology in Naga society, analyzing how it influences gender roles and societal expectations. It highlights instances of resistance and empowerment, particularly among female characters, illustrating their agency in challenging oppressive norms. Through a comparative approach, this study uncovers commonalities and differences in how history, memory, landscape, and patriarchal ideology are portrayed in 'A Respectable Woman' and 'A Terrible Matriarchy.' It sheds light on the evolution of Easterine Kire's perspective on these themes and their implications for understanding Naga identity and postcolonial literature. In conclusion, this research contributes to the broader discourse on postcolonial literature, gender dynamics, and cultural preservation. It underscores the significance of literature in capturing the multifaceted facets of Naga history and identity, offering valuable insights into the complexities of a society in transition.

Aspects of translation of Russian linguistic realities of N.V. Gogol’s novel “Dead Souls” into Chinese language

Abstract In the modern world, characterised by the increasing popularity of world literature, there exists an escalating demand for accurate and culturally adapted translations that convey the semantic accuracy and meaning of the original text. The purpose of this study is to analyze the specific features of translating antonyms into Chinese reflecting everyday realities in N.V. Gogol’s novel “Dead Souls”. The following methods were used to achieve the research objectives: hypothetical-deductive, content analysis, and comparative. The study determined that the novel “Dead Souls” is rich in Russian everyday realities and antonyms that convey the linguocultural features of the time within the context of the literary work. In addition, it was revealed that translators face the challenge of conveying Russian everyday realities and cultural features in the Chinese translation. This includes the problem of adapting antonyms that may be unfamiliar or have a different meaning in Chinese culture. The translation of antonyms must maintain semantic accuracy and comparability with the original to convey the meaning and contrast that antonyms create in the text. The study showed that the translation of antonyms can influence Chinese readers’ perception of the text. Their correct rendering preserves the meaning and structure of the original, which is significant for a full understanding of the literary work. As a result of a comparative analysis of Chinese translations of N.V. Gogol’s novel “Dead Souls”, various aspects influencing the translation of antonyms and their role in conveying Russian everyday realities were revealed. Practical significance lies in the use of the findings of this study by the researchers engaged in the translation of literary works, as well as specialists in the fields of literary studies, linguistics, and translation studies.

Analisis Puisi “pada suatu Hari Nanti” Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono: Kajian terhadap Jenis Makna dalam Ilmu Semantik

The use of many figurative words makes it difficult for readers to understand the meaning contained in the beautiful stanzas of poetry. The purpose of the research is to analyze semantically with the object of study of a poem entitled "Pada Satu Hari Nanti" written by Sapardi Djoko Damono. This research is studied through semantic analysis to examine the meaning that focuses on analyzing lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, referential meaning, and connotative / figurative meaning. In accordance with the above objectives, the type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection is done using documentation techniques, library techniques, and note-taking techniques. The results of the analysis show that in each stanza of the poem there is a complexity of lexical, referential, grammatical, and connotative/figurative meanings that provide depth and richness of meaning in poetry as well as broader knowledge of the use of language in literary works and how meaning can be interpreted through semantic analysis. The use of many figurative words makes it difficult for readers to understand the meaning contained in the beautiful stanzas of poetry. The purpose of the research is to analyze semantically with the object of study of a poem entitled "Pada Satu Hari Nanti" written by Sapardi Djoko Damono. This research is studied through semantic analysis to examine the meaning that focuses on analyzing lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, referential meaning, and connotative / figurative meaning. In accordance with the above objectives, the type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection is done using documentation techniques, library techniques, and note-taking techniques. The results of the analysis show that in each stanza of the poem there is a complexity of lexical, referential, grammatical, and connotative/figurative meanings that provide depth and richness of meaning in poetry as well as broader knowledge of the use of language in literary works and how meaning can be interpreted through semantic analysis.