List Of Definitions Research Articles

GATHERING THE VOICE OF THE STUDENTS FOR ACCREDITATION PURPOSES THROUGH THEIR DEFINITION OF “ENGINEER”

This paper proposes a novel indirect assessment method to capture the voice of the students for program accreditation purposes. It consists of asking students, individually and then in teams, to draw up a list of keywords they associate with being an engineer and to write a formal definition of engineer. The raw data (list of keywords and definitions) is closed coded for the twelve graduate attributes (GAs) defined by Engineers Canada. First-year, mid-program and last-year students participated in the study in order to verify change of perception as students advance through the program. Results are compared for individual and teams, as well as for the different student populations. Sufficient insight into the program’s contribution to the development of graduate attributes in its student population (or apparent lack thereof), information that can be used for continual program improvement, was gained to warrant internal validity of the method.

Developmentally appropriate supported self-management for children and young people with chronic conditions: A consensus

Objective/sTo create a consensus list of self-management definitions, recommendations, and endpoints for children and young people (0–20 years) with chronic conditions. MethodsThis study used a Delphi technique. Based on the number of relevant peer-reviewed publications, clinical academics were invited to participate in three survey rounds. Round one contained open-ended and multiple-choice questions eliciting general opinions on self-management. For round two, results were provided to the interdisciplinary expert panel as statements for rating their agreement using a 7-point Likert scale, with consensus predefined as moderately or extremely satisfied by >70% of participants. Statements not meeting consensus were re-presented in round three, with group feedback incorporated. Finalised statements informed creation of the ‘Partners in Health: Self-Management Consensus List for Children and Young People’. ResultsSixteen clinical academics participated: 12 completed round one; 14 completed round two; and 12 completed round three. Of 101 statements, 90 reached consensus, with statements separated into five developmentally appropriate groups. Statements covered broad self-management and self-management support domains including knowledge, involvement, monitoring/responding to symptoms, transition, impact, lifestyle, and support. Division of responsibility and autonomy were distinct themes. Conclusion and practice implicationsThis research provides consensus-based guidance for clinicians providing paediatric self-management support.

Technical laboratory standards for interpretation and reporting of acquired copy-number abnormalities and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity in neoplastic disorders: a joint consensus recommendation from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC)

The detection of acquired copy-number abnormalities (CNAs) and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in neoplastic disorders by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has significantly increased over the past few years with respect to both the number of laboratories utilizing this technology and the broader number of tumor types being assayed. This highlights the importance of standardizing the interpretation and reporting of acquired variants among laboratories. To address this need, a clinical laboratory-focused workgroup was established to draft recommendations for the interpretation and reporting of acquired CNAs and CN-LOH in neoplastic disorders. This project is a collaboration between the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) and the Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC). The recommendations put forth by the workgroup are based on literature review, empirical data, and expert consensus of the workgroup members. A four-tier evidence-based categorization system for acquired CNAs and CN-LOH was developed, which is based on the level of available evidence regarding their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic relevance: tier 1, variants with strong clinical significance; tier 2, variants with some clinical significance; tier 3, clonal variants with no documented neoplastic disease association; and tier 4, benign or likely benign variants. These recommendations also provide a list of standardized definitions of terms used in the reporting of CMA findings, as well as a framework for the clinical reporting of acquired CNAs and CN-LOH, and recommendations for how to deal with suspected clinically significant germline variants.

New framework for the development of clinical guidelines in Russia

Aim - based on the existing regulations and recent documents from the regulatory bodies, determine the methodology for the development of clinical guidelines (CG) that meet the requirements of the legislation in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods . We analyzed a number of regulatory and subordinate acts confirming the concept and status of the CG, in particular, the Federal Law № 323- ФЗ “On the principles of health care for citizens of the Russian Federation”, Federal Law № 489- ФЗ “On the amendments to article 40 of the Federal Law “On compulsory medical insurance in the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law “On the principles of health care for citizens of the Russian Federation” concerning clinical guidelines, Order № 102 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 28 Feb 2019 “Regulations on the scientific and practical council of the Ministry of Health of Russia” and Order № 103 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of 28 Feb 2019 “On Approval of the procedure and terms for the development of clinical guidelines and their revision, the model format of clinical guidelines and requirements to their structure, contents and scientific validity of the information included in the clinical guidelines”. In addition, we used the documents of regulatory bodies of the Russian Federation, expert opinions from medical professionals and non-profit organizations as well as leading opinions from public sources. Results . Order № 102 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation secured the right of the scientific and practical council to consider and decide on the CG. Order № 103 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the procedure and deadlines for the development/revision of the CG; the typical format of CG; the requirements for the structure of CG, its contents and scientific validity of the information included in the CG. A step-by-step algorithm was created for the procedure and timing of CG development and update; the above documents elaborate on the requirements to the structure of CG, the contents and scientific validity of the information included. There are also comments on the development and design of each CG section (title page, table of contents, list of abbreviations, terms and definitions, brief information on the disease, diagnosis, treatment, medical rehabilitation, prevention and follow-up care, organization of medical care, additional information, criteria for assessing the quality of medical care, list of references, composition of the working group on the development and revision of the CG, methodology of the development of the CG, reference materials, algorithms for doctor’s actions, patient information, assessment scales, questionnaires, and other patient assessment tools). The recently adopted requirements for CG registration are compared with the previous methodological recommendations of the regulatory bodies. Discussion. The unification of treatment strategies and the use of evidence-based reasoning in the updated CG will improve the quality of medical care and have a positive impact on the medical insurance segment and the judicial decisions. However, the presented concept of CG has attracted a number of critical comments from representatives of the medical community and medical lawyers. For example, the updated regulatory acts do not specify the deadlines and algorithms for updating the CG; these acts do not address the coordination between various medical non-profit organizations although such coordination is needed to avoid work duplication; the acts determine no specific resources required for the CG development (the latter flaw may have a negative impact on the quality and timing of the resulting CG). Some experts believe that it would be advisable to implement the system called GRADE. In addition, possible legal risks are analyzed in light of the fact that the CG are not regulatory legal documents. Conclusion. Periodic improvements in the CG renewing and approving procedure are an integral part of this large-scale process that introduces changes in the regulatory framework and clinical practice. Compulsory adherence to the CG is a due element of today’s high quality medical care.

Common Factors: What Are They and What Do They Mean for Humanistic Psychology?

Although common factors have been widely discussed in the clinical literature, the two questions addressed in this article remain relevant: (a) What are the common factors? (b) What do they mean for humanistic psychology? The first question is important because there is no “definitive list” of common factors, and lists presented in the literature often differ dramatically. In response to this question, the article suggests that an evidence-based list of nine common factors by Wampold provides a useful and credible list. The second question is also important, particularly to humanistic psychologists. Among other answers, the article shows that research findings on common factors provide scientific support for humanistic psychology’s emphasis on the importance of the human and relational factors in psychotherapy.

Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Depth of Neuromuscular Block and Suggestions for Further Development in Neuromuscular Monitoring.

Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Depth of Neuromuscular Block and Suggestions for Further Development in Neuromuscular Monitoring.

Seven Pillars of Biology Literacy: A Proposal for What Secondary School Teachers Might Teach & What College Instructors Should Reinforce

Recently, while serving on a panel at a state science-teacher conference, I was asked to describe what secondary school biology teachers should do to best prepare students for college . This seemed a particularly intriguing question, because in a former life I taught middle and high school biology and I now teach biology courses for majors and nonmajors at a large state university. I also quickly recognized that I couldn't fully address this important issue quickly; thus, I am very pleased to have the opportunity to do so here. Of course, this is not a definitive list but rather a conversation-starter for me – and, hopefully, for ABT readers. Immediately, I had more questions than answers! What is this work we call biology? How should educators tell the story of life? What are the major milestones in biological discovery that expanded our knowledge of life on Earth? What role, if any, should the grand narrative of the formation of the universe and complexity play in biology education? What does it mean to be human? Students need content, but they also require skills and even …

Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Depth of Neuromuscular Block and Suggestions for Further Development in Neuromuscular Monitoring

Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Depth of Neuromuscular Block and Suggestions for Further Development in Neuromuscular Monitoring

Developing definitions for invasive fungal diseases in critically ill adult patients in intensive care units. Protocol of the FUNgal infections Definitions in ICU patients (FUNDICU) project

The reliability of diagnostic criteria for invasive fungal diseases (IFD) developed for severely immunocompromised patients is questionable in critically ill adult patients in intensive care units (ICU). To develop a standard set of definitions for IFD in critically ill adult patients in ICU. Based on a systematic literature review, a list of potential definitions to be applied to ICU patients will be developed by the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill Patients (ESGCIP) and the ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) chairpersons. The proposed definitions will be evaluated by a panel of 30 experts using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness methods. The panel will rank each of the proposed definitions on a 1-9 scale trough a dedicated questionnaire, in two rounds: one remote and one face-to-face. Based on their median rank and the level of agreement across panel members, selected definitions will be organised in a main consensus document and in an executive summary. The executive summary will be made available online for public comments. The present consensus project will seek to provide standard definitions for IFD in critically ill adult patients in ICU, with the ultimate aims of improving their clinical outcome and facilitating the comparison and generalizability of research findings.

The TRAP-BATH split in RP: A linguistic index for English learners

Abstract Received Pronunciation (RP) holds prestige not only in the UK, but also in many Outer and Expanding Circle countries and, even in the US, but the TRAP-BATH split (TBS) in RP, which refers to the shift from the vowel /a/ to /ɑː/, has still remained ambiguous because this sound shift contains inconsistent realizations that occur in identical codas, as illustrated in such lexical pairs as class but gas, path but math, last but enthusiast. What makes this sound feature more complicated is sociolinguistic variation. Although earlier discoveries have enhanced our understanding of the TBS, neither a definitive word list nor lexical frequency are provided for learners to enunciate BATH words. To provide RP learners with a linguistic index to learn BATH lexical set, this study expanded Wells’s study by including additional 16 phonetic environments, which generated a total of 304 relevant words for examining their pronunciation defined by dictionaries. The findings show that 13 out of the 30 environments can trigger the TBS more than 50% of the time. In particular, seven of them can completely predict the TBS (over 91%), and one of them can fully do so (83%). This feature appears as a regular conditioned sound pattern if well-defined by its phonetic environments.

Ichthyofauna of Trairí river basin, Rio Grande do Norte state, northeastern Brazil: a century after the study of the naturalist Edwin Starks in the Papari lagoon

Fishes from the coastal basins of the Mid-Northeastern Caatinga ecoregion (MNCE) were first sampled by the Stanford expedition at the beginning of the 20th century, and published by Edwin C. Starks in 1913. This material included specimens from the Papary lake (= Papari lagoon) in the lower portion of the Trairí river basin, draining towards the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte State. In 1941, Henry Fowler provided a broad taxonomic study of the freshwater fishes from northeastern Brazil, including material from the Papari lagoon, besides describing four species assigned to this locality. However, these previous surveys focused only in the lower portion of the Trairí river basin and might be incomplete. Given this framework, the present study aimed at perform a wide ichthyofaunal inventory of Trairí river basin and compared with previously surveys performed in the regions. In 2013 and 2014, four expeditions along the whole basin, including the Papari lagoon itself, resulted in 28 species of fishes belonging to 17 families and seven orders. At Papari lagoon area 16 species were registered whereas 26 and 18 species were recorded by Starks and Fowler’s studies, respectively. Considering all records, 50 species were documented in the basin with 14 (28%) new records, including Serrapinnus potiguar, whose distribution was extended to the south. Two species described by Fowler, Pimelodella papariae and Pseudancistrus papariae, were not found in this study or in any fish collection, and are only known from their type-material. These two species can be naturally rare, locally extinct, or there were inaccuracies in their type-locality. However, species of these genera are only found in larger basins of the MNCE, which drains to the north, corroborating the latter assumption. Although not being a definitive list, the recent extensive fish surveys conducted in the MNCE’s coastal basins are helping to elucidate species’ geographic distribution and little knowing taxonomic issues.

A Typology of UK Energy Service Brands Based on Size, Licencing and Source of Energy

The UK’s retail energy market is very dynamic. The number of suppliers is changing with some companies leaving the market and some entering. Having a full picture of the players within the sector may be considered daunting. While acknowledging the limitations in getting a definite list of company, this paper presents a typology of UK Energy Service Brands based on their sizes, licencing arrangement and their source of energy. It is anticipated that this will makes two key contributions to the literature. First, it extends the understanding of energy brands in the United Kingdom and secondly, aid future research and theoretical framework development in the UK energy sector.

New and additional records of earthworms (Annelida: Clitellata) from Central Serbia: First finding of Bimastos parvus (Eisen, 1874) in Serbia

This paper includes the summarized knowledge (of more than 40 years) on earthworms in Central Serbia, in the middle part of the Balkan Peninsula. The aim of this paper is to present new data on the earthworms for the study area. Also by analysing the newly reported species together with literature records, we establish the definitive list of known earthworm taxa. The list underlines earthworm diversity and provides a general overview of their distributions, zoogeographical positions, levels of dominance and ecological categories. During the current investigations in the different parts of Central Serbia, 36 earthworm species and subspecies belonging to 10 genera were recorded. Among them, 4 taxa represented the first findings in Central Serbia: Bimastos parvus (Eisen, 1874) Bimastos eiseni (Levinsen, 1884) Aporrectodea cemernicensis Mrsic, 1991 and Lumbricus castaneus (Savigny, 1826). Consequently, the number of the earthworm species recorded for Central Serbia is raised to 46. Surprisingly, the peregrine B. parvus proved to be new species in the fauna of Serbia, including the study area, so now the total number of species for the whole Serbia has risen to 75. With respect to the zoogeographic situation, the majority of them belong to peregrine (36.96%), endemic (19.57%), and trans-Aegean species (13.04%). Summing up the endemics and Balcanic-Alpine species, 30.44% of the total lumbricid fauna in Central Serbia shows an autochthonous character.

Evaluation of Highest Level Pediatric Trauma Activation Criteria.

Despite the presence of a tiered in-hospital trauma triage system for the past decade, trauma centers still struggle with a definitive list of highest level activation criteria. In 2002, the American College of Surgeons (ACS) mandated 6 criteria for highest level activation. However, it is unknown if pediatric trauma centers follow these criteria. The purpose of this study is to identify and categorize the highest level pediatric trauma criteria used by pediatric trauma centers in the United States. In collaboration with the ACS, we reviewed activation criteria for highest level trauma activation for all ACS-verified level I pediatric trauma centers in the United States. Criteria were sorted by 2 reviewers into categories of indicators used for activation: patient demographic, physiologic, anatomic, intervention/resource usage, mechanism, and other. A total of 51 unique criteria for highest level trauma activation were identified from 54 (96%) of 56 level I pediatric trauma centers. Each center used between 1 and 29 criteria. A total of 42.6% of pediatric trauma centers followed all 6 criteria recommended by ACS. The most commonly omitted criterion was emergency physician discretion. The most common criteria not included in the ACS recommendations, but included in the highest level activation criteria, were amputation proximal to wrist or ankle (63%), and spinal cord injury/paralysis (63%). There is wide variation in the criteria used for highest level trauma activation among pediatric trauma centers. Further research investigating individual or grouped criteria to determine the most sensitive and specific criteria are necessary for appropriate triage and resource usage.

Linking research and practice: qualitative social science data collection at a UK comics convention

ABSTRACT The specific space of a comics convention has affected the design and methods of my qualitative social science research into readers’ readings of British comics. In this early-stage paper I first provide context to the comics convention (in this instance Thought Bubble in Leeds, UK) as a space not only for commerce and networking but also for research fieldwork. I then advance my comics-format questionnaire from my own intertwined identity as a researcher and practitioner, as an innovative data collection method that is well suited to the convention environment. Finally, in the context of the Prevent strategy’s reductive attempt to define Fundamental British Values I question whose voices are heard in defining ‘British comics’, a category for which there is no definitive list. Approaching the study of comics at the level of a medium goes beyond any single genre, format, or fandom affiliation, which have previously operated as constraints. Connecting the study of comics with sociocultural theories of language opens a connection between what readers read and how this influences their own understandings and constructions of national identity. As such I cautiously advance a critical social science approach to researching readers’ choices of what they read.

Checklist of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) from Serbia: a review.

A checklist of the lumbricid earthworms in Serbia is presented. For the first time, comprehensive informations of all lumbricids in the country are given in order to establish the definitive list of known taxa from Serbia. The list underlines earthworm diversity and provides a general overview of their ecology, distribution in Serbia, and zoogeographical position. The complete list of earthworm taxa of Serbia comprises 74 species and subspecies of Lumbricidae, belonging to 15 genera. One third of earthworms in Serbia are endemics (26 taxa = 35.1%).

NATION-BUILDING CONCEPTION Olena Semenoh BY IVAN ANDRIIOVYCH ZIAZIUN IN THE CONDITIONS OF REFORMING PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION

In the article, based on the analysis of scientific research, the artistic and pedagogical narrative "Pedagogy of good" in the numerous speeches of the Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, professor, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine I. A. Ziaziun, the main concepts of the nation-building conception of the founder of pedagogical mastery, scientist-philosopher, esthete, teacher and psychologist are outlined in the context of the challenges and prospects for the implementation of the Concept «New Ukrainian School» (2016).It is determined that in the philosophical and pedagogical, philosophical and psychological studies of Ukrainian scientist the nation-building conception of pedagogical education is presented, in which the humanistic and axiological approaches to solving numerous educational and scientific issues are organically combined, and the core of national education is «pedagogy of good and human creation».Among the conceptions of the ideological concept of Ivan Ziaziun, a special place is occupied by the concepts of a person, a personality, a school, a student, and a teacher. The basic principles, concepts, basic values of the researcher are relevant and demanded in the context of the implementation of the objectives of the Concept «New Ukrainian School»: life – as lifelong learning, child-centered approach, transition from school of knowledge to the school of competences, pedagogy of student and teacher partnership; continuous process of upbringing, which forms values, leads to a reflection on how to preserve and develop the identity of a student and a teacher in the modern globalized world and to realize through pedagogical action.Among the defining features of a personality, which Ivan Ziaziun skillfully justified and served as an example, an important role assigned to spirituality, intelligence, honor and dignity. I. Ziaziun always was a supporter of a return of a sense of honor and dignity to public education in the society.Implementation of the principle of «life as a lifelong learning» in I. Ziaziun's prognostic concept is represented through the provision of sensuality. The new school is competency-oriented, and a definite list of ten competencies is based on the «Recommendations of the European Parliament and the Council of Europe on the development of key competences for lifelong (all-life) education» (2006). The most important of these is the lack of certain knowledge, personal qualities and abilities of the student, and the ability to apply competence in specific educational and life situations. I. Ziaziun also supported the following ideas: the child is not a clay from which it is possible to sculpt everything, it is an active person who percepts educational and nurturing influences desirable for him/her.Ivan Ziaziun proved that a modern teacher works in the format of independent creative searches based on the achievements of fundamental sciences and traditional methods. Their uniqueness lies in the axiological basis of the teacher's action, which is based on three psychological factors: intelligence – affection – will.

Developing trauma mortality prediction models to measure injury severity

IntroductionInjury severity measurement is integral to meaningful benchmarking and injury prevention strategies. Numerous injury mortality prediction methods have been developed and advanced, however, no consensus on the best model has been reached.
 Objectives and ApproachThe International Collaborative Effort (ICE) on Injury Statistics propose to develop a set of trauma mortality models for use in diverse settings by deriving and validating models with data from member countries including Wales, Australia, New Zealand and USA. The ICE team will create a definitive list of injuries required to identify trauma patients using ICD-10 codes. Models will be developed using Welsh data then validated with data from other member nations. The outcomes of interest are in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Models will be used for country benchmarking by comparing the distribution of injury severity and outcomes between nations.
 ResultsInitial results from replicating the model published by Wada, et al., as closely as possible using 348,433 cases held in SAIL for the years 2000 to 2013 achieved an AUROC value of 0.908 (95% CI 0.905-0.911). This model included 38 injury indicator variables, age, sex and comorbidity score. From 2009 onwards, the estimated number of deaths exceeded the actual number of deaths indicating improving risk adjusted survival. We aim to further enhance these models with additional covariates by linking with critical care data to enable us to determine the level of support patients received during their hospital stay, linking with laboratory data to provide indications of multiple organ dysfunction, acute physiological response and infection, and with GP data to incorporate measures of frailty.
 Conclusion/ImplicationsUsing multi-sourced population based linked data allows us to develop a suite of enhanced mortality models for use in observational and interventional research. Applying these methods to data from different countries will allow comparisons to be made of trends in severity and outcomes and support collaborative research.

A Systematic Review of Postoperative Pain Outcome Measurements Utilised in Regional Anesthesia Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction Regional anesthesia is a rapidly growing subspecialty. There are few published meta-analyses exploring pain outcome measures utilised in regional anesthesia randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which may be due to heterogeneity in outcomes assessed. This systematic review explores postoperative pain outcomes utilised in regional anesthesia RCTs. Methods A literature search was performed using three databases (Medline, Embase, and CINAHL). Regional anesthesia RCTs with postoperative pain as a primary outcome were included if written in English and published in one of the top 20 impact factor journals between 2005 and 2017. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias. Results From the 31 included articles, 15 different outcome measures in total were used to assess postoperative pain. The most commonly (16/31) used outcome measures were verbal numerical grading of pain out of 10, total opioid consumption, and visual analogue scale 10 cm (VAS). The need for analgesia was used as an outcome measure where studies did not use a pain rating score. Ten studies reported pain scores on activity and 27/31 studies utilised ≥2 pain outcomes. Time of measurement of pain score also varied with a total of 51 different time points used in total. Conclusion Analysis of the articles demonstrated heterogeneity and inconsistency in choice of pain outcome and time of measurement within regional anesthesia studies. Identification of these pain outcomes utilised can help to create a definitive list of core outcomes, which may guide future researchers when designing such studies.

МНОГОЗНАЧНОЕ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ TERRA В ТОЛКОВЫХ СЛОВАРЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ПОРТУГАЛЬСКОГО ЯЗЫКА

The article analyzes, compares and summarizes the definitions of the polysemantic noun “terra” fixed in explanatory dictionaries. Summarizing lexicographical definitions helps to discover important information on the word semantics, its place in the lexical norm of the modern Portuguese language. The study aims to compile a new list of the word definitions, revised and supplemented on the basis of the conducted analysis. Such an approach allows identifying the total amount, composition and structure of the meanings and can serve as a basis for more comprehensive semantic analysis.