List Of Definitions Research Articles

Occupational Training for TVET College Civil Engineering Students in the Modern Era: Has Anything Changed?

Developing and maintaining a definitive list of scarce and essential skills is crucial for the TVET sector. TVET colleges should swiftly work on ‘workplace basics’ skills to attract different industries for their students. The purpose of this study was to inspect how TVET colleges prepare Civil Engineering students with occupational skills relevant for modern engineering era. Descriptive research design was used to describe trends of connection with the help of secondary data. This research design assisted to describe how TVET colleges prepare its Civil Engineering students with occupational skills relevant for modern engineering era. This study adapted Carnevale’s (1990) workplace basics as a conceptual framework. The collective findings revealed that TVET colleges faced several hurdles in their quest to equip Civil Engineering students with the necessary skills that would make them good candidates for taking up employment in industries against the backdrop of changes being wrought by the modern era. Among the recommendations, a call for professional teacher development with focus to 4th industrial revolutionskills is made and that SETAs should support that initiative. Also such skills should be intensified in such a way that it may be easy to adapt to the 5th industrial revolution upon its arrival.

Everything is conceivable: a note on an unused axiom in Spinoza's Ethics

ABSTRACT Spinoza's Ethics self-consciously follows the example of Euclid and other geometers in its use of axioms and definitions as the basis for derivations of hundreds of propositions of philosophical significance. The choices about what to define and what to leave as an undemonstrated axiom are clearly essential in such a project and were made by Spinoza with great care. Usually, when coming up with first principles in this sort of system, one aspires to have a list of axioms and definitions, each of which is necessary for at least one of the theorems to be proven. Spinoza's Ethics fails in this regard with EIa2. In this brief note, I show how Spinoza intended to and should have appealed to this axiom in his proof of EIp4 by appealing to parallels between the first four propositions of the Ethics and the correspondence with Henry Oldenburg.

The Fundamental Skills and Deconstructed Sub-Steps of Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Perfusion education programs use simulation to provide students with clinical skills prior to entering the operating room. To teach the psychomotor execution of skills in a simulation lab requires a list of validated skills and deconstructed sub-steps to fully optimize adult learning. A list of the fundamental skills of adult cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was recently published; however, no defined list exists regarding pediatric CPB skills. The purpose of this survey is to form a definitive list of skills fundamental topediatricCPB. A survey of 23 proposed pediatric CPB clinical skills and 291 proposed skill sub-steps was developed. Proposed pediatric CPB skills were evaluated using an established frequency and harm index. If the skill is performed >50% of the time (frequency),andif >50% believe that if the skill is performed incorrectly patient harm is probable (risk), then the skill is accepted as fundamental. The survey content was validated by subject matter experts and then distributed to practicing perfusionists between September 2020 and December 2020. Of the 125 survey respondents, 57.9% had 10 or more years in the field. 35.2% of respondents are American Society of Extracorporeal Technology (AmSECT) Fellows of Pediatric Perfusion (FPP) and pediatric CPB represents >50% of the annual caseload for 69.7% of respondents. 22 of the 23 proposed skills were accepted as fundamental in the conduct of pediatric CPB and 258 of the 291 proposed sub-steps associated with CPB skills were accepted as integral to skill performance. By surveying practicing pediatric perfusionists, this study identifies 22 skills as fundamental to the safe execution of pediatric CPB. In addition, skill sub-elements were identified as necessary for skill execution. This knowledge will assist perfusion programs in developing a pediatric simulation curriculum that matches current clinical execution of pediatric skills.

The Fundamental Skills and Deconstructed Sub-Steps of Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass.

Perfusion education programs use simulation to provide students with clinical skills prior to entering the operating room. To teach the psychomotor execution of skills in a simulation lab requires a list of validated skills and deconstructed sub-steps to fully optimize adult learning. A list of the fundamental skills of adult cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was recently published; however, no defined list exists regarding pediatric CPB skills. The purpose of this survey is to form a definitive list of skills fundamental to pediatric CPB. A survey of 23 proposed pediatric CPB clinical skills and 291 proposed skill sub-steps was developed. Proposed pediatric CPB skills were evaluated using an established frequency and harm index. If the skill is performed >50% of the time (frequency), and if >50% believe that if the skill is performed incorrectly patient harm is probable (risk), then the skill is accepted as fundamental. The survey content was validated by subject matter experts and then distributed to practicing perfusionists between September 2020 and December 2020. Of the 125 survey respondents, 57.9% had 10 or more years in the field. 35.2% of respondents are American Society of Extracorporeal Technology (AmSECT) Fellows of Pediatric Perfusion (FPP) and pediatric CPB represents >50% of the annual caseload for 69.7% of respondents. 22 of the 23 proposed skills were accepted as fundamental in the conduct of pediatric CPB and 258 of the 291 proposed sub-steps associated with CPB skills were accepted as integral to skill performance. By surveying practicing pediatric perfusionists, this study identifies 22 skills as fundamental to the safe execution of pediatric CPB. In addition, skill sub-elements were identified as necessary for skill execution. This knowledge will assist perfusion programs in developing a pediatric simulation curriculum that matches current clinical execution of pediatric skills.

Ovarian cancer reporting lexicon for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging developed by the SAR Uterine and Ovarian Cancer Disease-Focused Panel and the ESUR Female Pelvic Imaging Working Group.

Imaging evaluation is an essential part of treatment planning for patients with ovarian cancer. Variationin the terminology used for describing ovarian cancer on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)imaging can lead to ambiguity and inconsistency in clinical radiology reports. The aim of this collaborative projectbetween Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) Uterine and Ovarian Cancer (UOC) Disease-focused Panel (DFP)and the European Society of Uroradiology (ESUR) Female Pelvic Imaging (FPI) Working Group was to develop anovarian cancer reporting lexicon for CT and MR imaging. Twenty-one members of the SAR UOC DFP and ESUR FPI working group, one radiology clinical fellow,and two gynecologic oncology surgeons formed the Ovarian Cancer Reporting Lexicon Committee. Two attendingradiologist members of the committee prepared a preliminary list of imaging terms that was sent as an onlinesurvey to 173 radiologists and gynecologic oncologic physicians, of whom 67 responded to the survey. Thecommittee reviewed these responses to create a final consensus list of lexicon terms. An ovarian cancer reporting lexicon was created for CT and MR Imaging. This consensus-based lexiconhas 6 major categories of terms: general, adnexal lesion-specific, peritoneal carcinomatosis-specific, lymph node-specific,metastatic disease -specific, and fluid-specific. This lexicon for CT and MR imaging evaluation of ovarian cancer patients has the capacity to improvethe clarity and consistency of reporting disease sites seen on imaging. • This reporting lexicon for CT and MR imaging provides a list of consensus-based, standardized terms and definitions for reporting sites of ovarian cancer on imaging at initial diagnosis or follow-up. • Use of standardized terms and morphologic imaging descriptors can help improve interdisciplinary communication of disease extent and facilitate optimal patient management. • The radiologists should identify and communicate areas of disease, including difficult to resect or potentially unresectable disease that may limit the ability to achieve optimal resection.

Defining Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions for Hypoglycaemic Agents to Improve Computerised Decision Support: A Study Protocol.

In France, around 5% of the general population are taking drug treatments for diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM). Although the management of T2DM has become more complex, most of these patients are managed by their general practitioner and not a diabetologist for their antidiabetics treatments; this increases the risk of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) of hypoglycaemic agents (HAs). Inappropriate prescribing can be assessed by approaches that are implicit (expert judgement based) or explicit (criterion based). In a mixed, multistep process, we first systematically reviewed the published definitions of PIPs for HAs in patients with T2DM. The results will be used to create the first list of explicit definitions. Next, we will complete the definitions identified in the systematic review by conducting a qualitative study with two focus groups of experts in the prescription of HAs. Lastly, a Delphi survey will then be used to build consensus among participants; the results will be validated in consensus meetings. We developed a method for determining explicit definitions of PIPs for HAs in patients with T2DM. The resulting explicit definitions could be easily integrated into computerised decision support tools for the automated detection of PIPs.

What Are the Characteristics of Canadian Independent, Scholarly Journals? Results from a Website Analysis

The dominance of commercial publishers (Larivière, Haustein, and Mongeon 2015) has led to a discussion in Canada focusing on alternative models for supporting independent, non-commercial, scholarly journals. Although small in number, these journals represent an important contribution to Canadian and global scholarship. They also act as a counterbalance to the increasingly for-profit nature of scholarly publishing. Despite their importance, there exists no definitive list of journals of this nature in Canada, making analysis and understanding of their characteristics difficult.In order to address this gap, the researchers undertook an analysis of the websites of 485 Canadian, independent, scholarly journals. Independent was defined as journals which are not affiliated with a commercial publisher. The researchers gathered data for each journal on their access type (e.g., closed, open access), subject area, size and composition of the editorial team, and any affiliation(s). This data was then analyzed to create a portrait of these journals with these themes. The researchers found that most of these journals were affiliated with at least one organization, with over half being associated with two or more. They also discovered that affiliations varied depending on the discipline and that the size of the editorial team was correlated to the access type. Journals were predominantly in the humanities and social sciences, and the majority were open access (OA) without article processing charges (APCs).While the focus of this study is on Canadian journals, this article provides a framework for other researchers to examine non-commercial, independent publishing in their own countries. Its results also provide preliminary data which may inspire future avenues of research, particularly into models for non-APC, open access journals as well as the editorial board structure and size for independent journals.

Causes and Associated factors of Operation Cancellation at Cardiothoracic Ain-Shams University Hospital

Abstract Background Cancellation of elective operations is a sensitive indicator of operating room management. It results in loss of time, resources and affects quality of care. Operating room cancellation of elective operations is defined as cases that appeared in the definitive operative room list that ultimately were not performed on that day. Objectives To measure cancellation rate at Cardiothoracic Ain-Shams University hospital, Egypt and to identify causes and factors associated to cancellations. Methods Cross-sectional study that included 254 operations in all operating rooms of Cardiothoracic Ain Shams university hospital which provides specialized tertiary level of care. Results The overall cancellation rate is 21.7%, The most frequent cause of cancellation is standby operations accounting for 29.4%. Pareto chart shows that vital few causes are “patient prepared as stand by”, “previous long operation”, “change in Patient’s clinical status”, “equipment failure” and “ICU bed unavailable”. These causes are responsible for 80% of cancellations. Conclusion and Recommendation The avoidable causes of the problem should be addressed. Policy changes are recommended as well as continuous documentation and analysis of cancellation and its causes. Periodic awareness lectures for health care providers are suggested.

The Glossaryfication Web Service: an automated glossary creation tool to support the One Health community

In many interdisciplinary research domains, the creation of a shared understanding of relevant terms is considered the foundation for efficient cross-sector communication and interpretation of data and information. This is also true for the domain of One Health (OH) where many One Health Surveillance (OHS) documents rarely contain glossaries with a list of terms for which their specific meaning in the context of the given document is defined (Cornelia et al. 2018, Buschhardt et al. 2021). The absence of glossaries within these documents may lead to misinterpretation of surveillance results due to the wrong interpretation of terminology specifically when term definitions differ across OH sectors. Under the One Health EJP project ORION, the OHEJP Glossary was recently created. The OHEJP Glossary is a tool to improve communication and collaboration amongst OH sectors by providing an easy-to-use online resource that lists relevant OH terms and sector-specific definitions. To improve the accessibility of content from the OHEJP Glossary and support the creation of integrative glossaries in future OHS-related documents, the OHEJP Glossaryfication Web Service was created. This service can support the practical use of the OHEJP Glossary and other relevant online glossaries by OH professionals. The Glossaryfication Web Service (GWS) is an application that automatically identifies terms in any uploaded text-based document and creates a document-specific list of matching definitions in selected online glossaries. This auto-generated document-specific glossary can easily be adjusted by the user, for example, by selecting the desired definition in case multiple definitions were found for a specific term. The document-specific glossary could then be downloaded, manually adjusted and finally included into the original document where it supports the correct interpretation of terminology used. Especially in sector-specific reports, such as from animal health or public health authorities, this can be beneficial to ensure the correct interpretation by other OH sectors in the future. The GWS was developed with the open-source desktop software KNIME Analytics Platform and runs as a web service on a KNIME Web Server infrastructure. The core data processing functionality in the GWS is based on KNIME’s Text Processing extension. KNIME's JavaScript nodes provided the basis for an interactive user interface where users can easily upload their files and select between different reference glossaries, such as the OHEJP Glossary, the CDC Glossary, the WHO Glossary or the EFSA Glossary. After retrieval of the user input settings, the GWS tags words within the provided document and maps these tagged words with matching entries in the selected glossaries. As the main output, the user receives a downloadable list of matching terms with their corresponding definitions, sectorial assignments and references, which can then be added by the user to the original document. The GWS is freely accessible via this link as well as the underlying KNIME workflow.

Quality indicators in interhospital transport: Multicentre project

IntroductionInterhospital transport is carried out by variable teams in different regions of our country, and this makes quality evaluation and benchmarking complicated. Project objective: Select and define a consensual list of quality measurement that may be used by national transport units, whether specialised or not. MethodsInitial set of quality indicators was proposed by coordinators (members of representative specialised transport units in Spain). Evaluation by selected transport specialists from participating units and SECIP (Society of Paediatric Intensive Care) and SENeo (Spanish Neonatology Society) work teams. Selection of definitive indicators by Delphi method according to relevance and feasibility. ResultsA total of 35 quality indicators were included in the initial set. Evaluation was carried out by 22 specialists from 7 transport teams. In a first round, 4 indicators were consensually included in the definitive list. Results for the rest of metrics and comments were sent to all participants, and after a second assessment, 11 other indicators reached enough consensus. After list accomplishment, a consensual final definition for every indicator was established. ConclusionsUsing a consensual research method, a list of 15 common indicators was obtained, which may be used by specialised transport teams in our country, and by non-specialised clinics in charge of interhospital paediatric transport. It will allow individual performance to be assessed, as well as benchmarking, in order to find improvement opportunities and ensure the highest quality during interhospital transport.

CHARACTERIZATION OF LEAF FEATURES IN SOME BLACKBERRY GENOTYPES COLLECTED FROM THE BLACK SEA REGION

In this study, morphological characterization studies regarding to leaf characteristics (leaf length, leaf width, leaf cross section shape, leaf edge waviness, swelling between leaf veins, leaf tooth depth, dominant leaflet number, leaf shape, green color intensity on the upper part of the leaf and brightness on the upper part of the leaf) were carried out in some blackberry genotypes collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey, according to the definition lists of UPOV (International Association for the Protection of New Plant Varieties). The measurements and observations made were transformed into feature scores, and using these scores, dendrogram and principal component analysis (PCA) related to morphological features were obtained. In the dendrogram obtained according to the morphological characterization data, the similarity level between the materials was determined between 0.50-1.00 and the average similarity coefficient was found as 0.75. The dendrogram consists of 2 main clusters (A and B). According to the dendrogram, genotypes obtained from Samsun (Çarşamba 1), Samsun (Çarşamba 2) and Ordu (Gülyalı), Bartın (Center) and Rize (Küçükçayır) regions were found to be the closest genotypes with 1.00 similarity level. In addition, as a result of the principal component analysis (PCA), the similarities and differences within the blackberry genotypes were clearly revealed. It was determined that they consisted of three main groups and two outer groups in their distribution on the two-dimensional plot.As a result of the study, it was determined that there is a certain level of variation between blackberry genotypes. The data obtained from this study will help to protect the diversity and to evaluate it with different studies.

Projective mapping and ultra‐flash profile studies should include a list of descriptors and definitions: An investigation into descriptors used by untrained panelists

AbstractProjective mapping (PM) and ultra‐flash profile (UFP) have been used to evaluate various products, including wine. However, the meaning or definition of the descriptor participants use during a UFP task can be unknown. This study's objective was to have participants (n = 81) evaluate white wine (seven different wines and one duplicate sample) using PM and UFP. After completing the task, the 10 most commonly used descriptors were included in a survey, and the participants were asked to define the descriptors using open‐ended questions. The survey was sent to all participants, but only 62 participants completed it. The results of the survey indicated the participants used different definitions to define the descriptors. In future research using PM and UFP, sensory researchers could provide a list of descriptors and their definitions for the participants, especially when they are untrained, or ask the participants to concentrate on only one sensory modality (appearance, taste, aroma, mouthfeel).Practical ApplicationsProjective mapping and ultra‐flash profile trials can generate much information about a large number of products rapidly. However, these methods also have some limitations, including understanding the definition of the descriptors provided by the participants during the ultra‐flash profile task. This study hoped to overcome this limitation by asking the participants to complete a follow‐up survey to define the most frequently used descriptors from the ultra‐flash profile task. Unfortunately, the participants supplied contrasting definitions for the attributes. Future studies may want to supply the participants with a list of descriptors and definitions to lead to more consensus in the results.

Mining the web to discover acronym‐definitions based on sequence labeling and iterative query expansion model

SummaryFinding definitions associated with an acronym is a constructive task to many applications like web search, information retrieval, natural language processing, ontology mapping, and question answering. A large‐scale manually built acronym‐definition repositories are available online but updating is a difficult task. To address this problem, previous research works used either heuristics or a machine learning approach to automate the detection of acronym‐definition pairs. This article presents a heuristics approach based on a rule‐based sequence‐labeling model, for finding the list of definitions associated with an acronym from the Web. The organic search result of the web page includes website title, URL, Meta description, and site links. In the proposed work, web pages of the search engine are used as corpus and sequence‐labeling task is done through character and word level mapping schemes. In these schemes, the desirable properties of the definition are expressed by using rules. Each identified definition is validated through a collocation measure. Besides, the obtained results are assessed against a manually built acronym/definitions repository: Acronym Finder. The proposed model certainly improves the coverage of manual repositories maintaining high precision and recall.

Accommodation space as a framework for assessing the response of mangroves to relative sea‐level rise

Mangroves thrive in tidally influenced environments and will be central to any discussion regarding the implications of sea‐level rise for coastal communities. Mangrove forests can respond to sea‐level rise by adjusting their position within a tidal frame that is transitioning upwards, and this response is dependent upon a range of hydrological, sedimentological and ecological factors. The availability of accommodation space, defined as the lateral and vertical space in which mineral and organic sediments and organic material from in situ vegetation can accumulate, is increasingly proposed as a means of conceptualizing the response of shorelines to sea‐level rise. Recent analyses demonstrated the significance accommodation space has on global carbon storage in coastal wetlands over the past few millennia, and likely influence on future carbon sequestration and coastal wetland resilience. Mangrove forest vulnerability is commonly indicated by comparing rates of substrate elevation change to rates of sea‐level rise, but these comparisons may overemphasize mangrove forest vulnerability to sea‐level rise as they do not adequately account for the resilience provided by mineral and organic sediments that previously filled accommodation space and increased substrate elevations beyond critical thresholds for submergence. This paper demonstrates that the geological concept of ‘accommodation space’ applied in a way that incorporates ecological processes and recognizes the full range of processes altering accommodation space may provide a unifying framework for integrating information between disciplines and increasing our understanding of the response of mangrove forests to sea‐level rise. This paper also defines available accommodation space as the space available for sediment accumulation; realized accommodation space as the space that has converted from being available, primarily due to sediment accumulation; and the boundary conditions delimiting both available and realized accommodation space (See Appendix I for the full list of definitions). It is anticipated that this paper will serve as a challenge for researchers across disciplines to collaborate, share and integrate knowledge so that the past is interpreted appropriately and integrated into models, and the best information is available to inform coastal planning and management.

Anosmia: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management in primary care.

Anosmia is a relatively common presentation. The number of patients with smell disturbance is expected to increase over the next few months to years given its association with COVID-19 infection.1 Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic the point prevalence was 19.1%, including both complete and partial loss of smell.2 With a wide-ranging differential diagnosis, disturbance in smell can affect patients of all ages. The condition is significantly more common in advancing age, with around half of the population reporting disturbance in olfaction between 65 and 80 years, and even larger numbers >80 years.3,4 As one of our five key senses, disturbances in smell have a profound effect on patients’ quality of life, with strong associations with mental health disease.5 Smell is essential for protecting against dangers of day-to-day life, including smelling gas leaks and identifying spoilt food. Despite this, the condition is poorly understood and often dismissed as a symptom in both primary and secondary care. This may be as it is often accompanied by other, more well-understood conditions such as nasal blockage, or if it presents in isolation is thought to be a non-sinister symptom. Box 1 includes a list of definitions for anosmia and related conditions. | Anosmia | No perceivable sense of smell | || | Hyposmia | Reduced sense of smell | | Cacosmia/parosmia | Distorted or unpleasant sense of smell | | Phantosmia | Smell perception in the absence of a stimulus | Box 1. Definitions A basic understanding of the olfactory pathway will be reviewed to aid the understanding of smell perception. Disturbances at any of the points along this pathway can lead to a loss or alteration in smell. Smell is the detection of environmental organic molecules at the olfactory cleft.5 These stimuli are detected on the olfactory neuroepithelium. This is a small area of the nasal mucosa (approximately 2 cm2) located superomedially in the nasal cavity around the cribriform plate.4,5 In order for an odorant to be detected, it has to pass uninhibited into …

The high performance organization: proposed definition and measurement of its performance

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to arrive at a general definition of an HPO and a (practical) way to measure an HPO. Managers are looking for techniques to strengthen their organizations in a way that they cannot only cope with threats but could also quickly take advantage of opportunities, and thus, grow and thrive. The academic and especially the practitioner fields reacted on this “thirst for high performance knowledge” with a plethora of books and articles on the topic of high performance organizations (HPOs). These publications each came with their own description and measurement of HPOs, which created a lot of confusion among practitioners.Design/methodology/approachIn this study the following reserach question is answered: how can an HPO be defined and its performance measured? So that with the answer, this paper can take away the aforementioned confusion. This paper does this by conducting an extensive systematic review of the literature on HPO, after which this paper synthesizes the findings into a proposal on how to define and measure the HPO.FindingsThis paper was able to obtain from the literature a list of definitions and measurements for an HPO. The common denominator in these definitions and measurements turned out to be respondents given their opinion on the effects of the organizational practices they apply on organizational performance vis-à-vis that of competitors. This paper concluded therefore that an HPO should be defined and measured relative to competitors and should be based on the perception of managers and employees of the organization: An HPO is an organization that achieves results that are better than those of its peer group over a longer period of time.Research limitations/implicationsWith the answer on the research question, this paper fills the current gap in the definition and measurement literature on HPOs, and thus, has moved the research into HPOs forward, as researchers can use these research results in their future studies on high performance and HPOs.Originality/valueAlthough there is a plethora of literature on high performance and HPOs no univocal definition and measurement of the HPO can be found. This study provides for the first time an academically well-founded definition and measurement method.

Problem issues of interpretation of doctrinal errors

An interesting and little-studied issue of modern domestic doctrine is the issue of legal errors, in particular the relevantproblems of interpretation of law. After all, the analysis of their essence, nature and ways of prevention is one of the most important issues of improving legal practice in general and increasing the effectiveness of legislation in particular. In this scientific research the task of studying the problem of doctrinal interpretation of law is set. It is safe to say thatin general this topic is considered studied, discussed and systematized. Moreover, at the doctrinal level, this is confirmed more and more accurately than in view of its practical application. The research was based on the following: recent problems related to the legal practice of the CCU; related to theconduct of an external independent evaluation or the cancellation of the state final certification; passing exams in schools and colleges - a lot of regulatory issues that are dictated by the new realities of life in a pandemic. The article highlights the types of legal errors, subjective and objective factors of their occurrence. A special vector of consideration is devoted to doctrinal legal errors and ways to prevent and eliminate them in the context of legal interpretation practice. After a definitive list and analysis of research and publications, the author turned to the essence of the issue. Legal error is most often interpreted as a negative result due to unintentional, incorrect actions of legal entities (bona fide error). The value of this work is to obtain practical advice on effective means of combating doctrinal errors. Keywords: interpretation of legal norms, error, legal error, types of legal errors, doctrinal legal error, precautionary measures

Analysis of the Definition of «Change»as an Economic Category

The paper investigated general world trends in the field of business change in business, in which the authors highlighted a versatile view of science and summarized information on definitions of “change”, providing each of the existing list of definitions that relates to scale. The authors analyzed theoretical approaches to the definition of various scholars and identified the main characteristics of these approaches. The analysis showed that most scholars are interpreting changes as a generalization category based on general economic provisions relating to strategic potential, free markets, behavioral properties. According to the results of the study, the authors formed a summary table, which reflects a separate characteristic and interpretation of the term “change”, provided by various scientists. As a result of the study, the authors formed the actual interpretation of definitions on the basis of processed literature, which, unlike other treats changes, as an organizational process that is in constant motion and adaptation to a new information economy. In this case, as the main driver of adaptation to changes, the authors consider a business process model of the organizational structure, which is based on optimizing functional and information flows and a dramatically different approach to the use of human resources. Practical examples given by the authors confirm the main thesis of all scholars, which consists in the inevitability of the introduction of transformational business management techniques, which are considered to be more flexible, and therefore more effective in today's realities of the world economy. The authors provided recommendations on further research of changes in processes that should focus on a clear balance between the development of new methodological approaches and their scientific substantiation.

On Recent Methods in Psalms Studies

On Recent Methods in Psalms Studies Joel M. LeMon and Eric D. McDonnell Jr. A Review Essay of Simon Chi-Chung Cheung, Wisdom Intoned: A Reappraisal of the Genre 'Wisdom Psalms.' LHBOTS 613. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2015. Michael Snearly, The Return of the King: Messianic Expectation in Book V of the Psalter. LHBOTS 624. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2016. Form criticism has provided the foundation for Psalms scholarship for a century. Yet in recent decades, and especially since the groundbreaking work of Gerald Wilson, canonical criticism has become increasingly important, though scholars have applied different names to the enterprise.1 Two recent monographs share the admirable goal of addressing persistent methodological problems within these two modes of inquiry. Simon Chi-Chung Cheung provides a fresh look at the genre of the wisdom psalms, and Michael Snearly seeks to advance canonical criticism through an analysis of Book V of the Psalter. Together, these projects illuminate the shape of Psalms scholarship today. They also underscore the continuing challenges inherent within its most prominent methods. I. Simon Chi-Chung Cheung's Wisdom Intoned Cheung's study is a revision of his dissertation at the University of Cambridge under the direction of Katherine Dell. The aim of the work, as the subtitle suggests, is to clarify what the category of "wisdom psalms" entails. Cheung takes up the task in an orderly and coherent way. He first identifies prior attempts to define "wisdom psalms," a notoriously amorphous form-critical category. An exceedingly helpful chart included as an appendix shows all the texts that have been classified as wisdom psalms from 1867 (Otto Zöckler) to [End Page 431] 2010 (pp. 188–189). Cheung identifies the problems of categorizing the wisdom psalms by highlighting how several scholars have presented varying lists of wisdom psalms at different points in their careers as their understanding of the genre changed (e.g., James Crenshaw, Otto Eissfeldt, Roland Murphy, Leo Purdue, R. Norman Whybray, pp. 4–9). Notably, Cheung's own list of wisdom psalms does not appear in this appendix. Nor does it appear anywhere in the book, since Cheung has framed his project in a way that makes it difficult, if not impossible, to assemble a definitive list. To reframe the study of wisdom psalms, Cheung identifies challenges that have persisted within scholarship since the category "wisdom psalms" was first introduced. One problem has been establishing the formal content of wisdom literature as a whole, with an associated challenge of determining which of those wisdom forms or "wisdom formulae," according to Cheung's terminology, appear within individual psalms (p. 19). Another problem Cheung identifies is the tendency of form-critical studies to focus on reconstructing the specific historical settings of wisdom psalms, including a specific scribal tradition from which these works emerged (pp. 19–20). Indeed, Cheung rejects "wisdom psalms" as a form-critical category altogether, arguing instead that the wisdom psalms should be understood as a "literary term….[that] refers to a group of psalms that bear varying degrees of resemblances to other sapiential works in the OT" (p. 21). At this point, Cheung employs a "family resemblance" understanding of genre, with the "family" of wisdom psalms including "graded degrees of membership" based on a constellation of features (p. 21). To identify these "salient wisdom features," Cheung turns to Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, having judged that these books alone present characteristics by which other wisdom literature can be determined. Cheung finds Job unhelpful for determining the features of wisdom literature because it is itself a "tapestry" of multiple genres and thus cannot be used to establish the contours of another genre. On this point, Cheung is following directly upon Katharine Dell's judgment that Job does not qualify as wisdom literature, and "can only be called 'wisdom' in a broad sense" (p. 27).2 Cheung bases his subsequent analysis of the wisdom psalms on what he considers to be three constituent features of wisdom literature, the (1) content, [End Page 432] (2) tone, and (3) intention of Proverbs and Ecclesiastes. Cheung characterizes the content of wisdom literature, somewhat infelicitously, as "a ruling wisdom thrust." Cheung dedicates only two paragraphs...

Longevity of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures made of metal alloys: A review of the literature.

Purpose In this review, we evaluate the survival rate of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) made of metal alloys.Methods An electronic search of English peer-reviewed dental literature on PubMed was conducted to identify all publications reporting on RBFPDs made of metal alloys until March 2019. The searched keywords were: bridge OR fixed partial denture OR fixed prosthesis OR fixed prostheses AND resin bonded AND metal OR alloy AND survival OR longevity (RBFPD was not included). Furthermore, the "Related Articles" feature of PubMed was used to identify further references of interest during the primary search. A definitive list of articles was screened to extract qualitative data after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the results were analyzed.Results Overall, 977 publications were found through an electronic and manual search, out of which 130 articles were selected after screening based on title and abstract. A total of 52 publications passed the second review phase after assessment for eligibility, from which 24 studies were excluded after full-text screening. Finally, a total of 28 studies were selected.Conclusions The survival rate of RBFPDs differed greatly depending on the type of metal alloy, adhesion system, and observation period assessed, e.g. the 10-year survival rate ranged from 18% to 88%. The wide range of survival rates of the RBFPDs reported indicates that though RBFPD is a reliable prosthesis, it is prone to failure if some processes are not completed.