Lipid Profile Pattern Research Articles

Pattern of Glucose and Lipid Profile in Obese Diabetic and Non-diabetic Subjects in the Population of Rawalpindi

Obesity is the fifth leading risk for global deaths, which may lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was planned to see the glucose and lipid profile in obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in the local population of Rawalpindi. We planned to study the variation of glucose and lipid profile in obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in the local population of Rawalpindi. This case control study was conducted at chemical pathology Laboratory, Holy Family Hospital and Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi. Non-probability purposive sampling was done on 100 subjects out of whom 50 were obese diabetic (21 males and 29 females), and 50 were obese non diabetic (23 males and 27 females) individuals from the general population of Rawalpindi. Blood sample was analyzed for estimation of FPG (fasting plasma glucose) and lipid profile. The t-test was applied and p-Value of <0.005 was considered significant. The study showed that the FPG of obese diabetics was higher than obese non-diabetic (164.7±29 and 92.9±10.5mg/dl) with a p-Value is <0.001. Total cholesterol was (204.3±17.4 and 161.6±38.1mg/dl) and a p-Value is <0.001. Triglycerides (TG) was (216±34 and 146±57mg/dl) and a p-Value is <0.001. HDL (high density lipoproteins) was (33±3.5 and 38±5.4mg/dl) and a p-Value is <0.001). LDL (low density lipoproteins) was (127±16 and 94±33mg/dl) and a p-Value is <0.001, respectively. No significant difference in BMI (body mass index) was observed between obese Diabetic and non-Diabetics and this was (29.2±6 and 30.3±4.5 kg/m2) and a p-Value is <0.279. It is concluded that difference in the levels of fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile is highly significant in both obese diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.

Coetzeea brasiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from larvae of Anopheles darlingi.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped strain, Braz8T, isolated from larvae of Anopheles darlingi was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Braz8T was related most closely to species of the genus Thorsellia, with 95.6, 96.5 and 96.6 % similarity to the type strains of Thorsellia anophelis, Thorsellia kandunguensis and Thorsellia kenyensis, respectively, and formed a separate branch in the phylogenetic tree next to the monophyletic cluster of the genus Thorsellia. Chemotaxonomic data supported the allocation of the strain to the family Thorselliaceae. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and C14 : 0. The quinone system was composed of ubiquinones Q-8 and Q-7 (1 : 0.3), the predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol, and the polyamine pattern showed the major compound putrescine. However, qualitative and quantitative differences in the major polyamine, polar lipid profile and fatty acid patterns distinguished strain Braz8T from species of the genus Thorsellia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, average nucleotide identity, DNA-DNA hybridization, multilocus sequence analysis as well as physiological and biochemical tests distinguished strain Braz8T both genotypically and phenotypically from the three Thorsellia species but also showed its placement in the family Thorselliaceae. Thus, strain Braz8T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus most closely related to the genus Thorsellia, for which the name Coetzeea brasiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Coetzeea brasiliensis is Braz8T (=LMG 29552T=CIP 111088T).

Pattern of Lipid Profile in Chronic Renal Failure Patient with GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 on Conservative Treatment Versus Maintenance Haemodialysis

The incidence and prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are increasing worldwide and are associated with poor outcomes. It becomes apparent that the severity of CKD along with CVD severity in any population makes a devastated combination for both patients and healthcare system. Identification of CKD as a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is attributed to dyslipidemia, and therefore an expectation of effective intervention to diminish premature cardiovascular mortality and progression of renal disease to increase longevity is imperative, thus this study may explore the lipid profile in chronic renal failure patient; on conservative treatment and maintenance haemodailysis treatment. A cross sectional comparative study was carried out to find out the Pattern of lipid profile in chronic renal failure patient with GFR < 60 ml/min on conservative treatment versus maintenance haemodialysis admitted in a selected hospital of Dhaka city. Total 128 study population were selected according to selection criteria among which 62 subjects were on maintenance dialysis (designated as group A) and 66 subjects were on conservative treatment of CKD (designated as group B). On average cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride level were more in group B than group A. On the other hand, HDL level was more in group A than group B and it was statistically insignificant. At the same time average LDL/HDL ratio was higher in group B than group A. But all these differences were statistically insignificant. Among the group A patients average triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL level were higher in stage 4 CKD patients than stage 5 CKD patients. Average HDL level was higher in stage 5 CKD patients than stage 4 CKD patients. Among the group B patients average triglyceride and LDL level were higher in stage 4 CKD patients. But none of these two differences were statistically significant. On the other hand, average total cholesterol level was higher in stage 3 CKD patients and it was statistically significant(p<0.05). HDL level was higher in stage 5 patients. But this difference was not statistically significant. In group A LDL/HDL ratio was more in stage 4 CKD patients and it was statistically significant(p<0.05). Average LDL/HDL ratio was highest in stage 4 CKD patients in group B and it was statistically significant (p<0.05). Our study had showed that mean lipid profile is better in patients of CKD on dialysis than those on conservative treatment, but there is no statistical significance as sample size very small. A multicentric prospective study involving larger number of study population giving adequate statistical power is recommended for conclusive comment on the possible factors associated with dyslipidaemia in CKD patients.Bangladesh J Medicine Jul 2016; 27(2) : 55-61

Assessment of the Relationship of Cd4 Count Levels with Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Index of Plasma among Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

Lipid abnormalities have been recorded in both highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)‑naive HIV patients and those on HAART, and the presence of this dyslipidemia may lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) calculated as log of Tgl/HDL is currently being used as a screening tool for dyslipidaemia and is a strong predictor of CVD events. To determine the lipid profile pattern and atherogenic index of plasma among HAART‑naive HIV patients and relationship with CD4 count levels. This was a prospective study of HAART‑naive HIV patients attending the HIV clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin over a 4 month period from March to July 2011. Data generated was analysed using SPSS version 18. A total of 300 patients with significant higher mean age in males than females were recruited for the study (42.4±10.8 versus 35.8±8.4, p 0.24). HDL is positively correlated with CD4 cells, while TG and AIP are negatively correlated (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HIV- patients with CD4 cells ˂ 200/µl (lower immunity) have more lipid abnormalities and high risk AIP category.

Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and Without Subclinical Hypothyroidism

In clinical practice, Diabetes Mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder. The prevalence of thyroid disorders is higher in diabetic patients as compared to general population and the most common disorder being subclinical hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism has been claimed to be a risk factor for coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and various biochemical abnormalities including dyslipidemia. The present study was planned to measure serum lipids such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein- cholesterol and high density lipoprotein- cholesterol in type 2 diabetics with and without subclinical hypothyroidism. Study includes 200 patients of type 2 diabetics with subclinical hypothyroidism and 200 type 2 diabetics without subclinical hypothyroidism. The data were evaluated statistically. We found significantly increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (p<0.001) and significantly decreased high density lipoprotein- cholesterol (p<0.001) in type 2 diabetes mellitus with subclinical hypothyroidism before therapy as compared to type 2 diabetes mellitus without subclinical hypothyroidism. After L-thyroxine therapy we observed highly significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein- cholesterol (p<0.001) and significantly increase in high density lipoproteincholesterol (p<0.001) in type 2 diabetes mellitus with subclinical hypothyroidism as compared to before therapy. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with atherogenic serum lipid profile pattern. Such pattern may increase the risk of atherosclerosis and CVD. L-thyroxine is of utmost importance to reduce or prevent the risk of development of atherosclerosis and CVD in type 2 DM with SCH patients.

In vivo pretreatment of Eudrilus eugeniae powder attenuates β-adrenoceptor toxicity mediated by isoproterenol in rat model

The present study was designed to discover the potential cardioprotective function of earthworm powder (EWP) extracted from Eudrilus eugeniae on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups, with six rats in each group. Certain rats were pretreated with EWP (200mg/kgbwt) (Group III), and a myocardial infarction was then induced by subcutaneous injection of ISO (85mg/kgbwt) (Group II). Oral pretreatment of 200mg/kgbwt of EWP for 28days significantly (p>0.05) improved the blood profile levels, including (a) the lipid profile of total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acids (FFA), and triglycerides (TG); (b) low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and protein; and (c) A/G ratio, glucose and uric acid levels. The electrophoretic pattern of elevated lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) levels was recovered by EWP treatment as evidenced by comparison with ISO-induced rats with cardiac damage. The above results indicate that EWP (200mg/kgbwt) provides a cardioprotective effect by attenuating the blood profile, lipid profile, biochemical levels, and LDH patterns in rats that experienced an ISO-induced myocardial infarction.

Lipid Profile Patterns of Overweight and Obese Primary Care Patients in Niger Delta Region, South-South Nigeria

Lipid Profile Patterns of Overweight and Obese Primary Care Patients in Niger Delta Region, South-South Nigeria

Comparative study of risk factors and lipid profile pattern in ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke

Received 01 October 2015 Accepted 08 January 2016 Early online 25 January 2016 Print 31 January 2016 Stroke is a devastating and disabling cerebrovascular disease with significant amount of residual deficit leading on economic loss. Creating awareness on common risk factors will reduce the incidence of stroke. The study was conducted to compare the risk factors and lipid profile pattern in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. This was a descriptive retrospective cross sectional study carried on new onset acute stroke patients admitted to Osmania General Hospital, Telangana State. 100 patients (n=50 ischemic stroke (isch), n=50 hemorrhagic stroke (haem) were studied over a period of one year from May 2014 to April 2015. Data such as risk factors like hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, fasting lipid profile, CT or MRI brain were collected from medical records. A total of 100 patients were studied of whom 68 were males (isch n=32, haem n=36) and 32 were females (isch n=18, haem n=14). Patients with age 60 years n=37. Risk factors included were hypertension n= 62 (isch n=29, haem n=33), diabetes n=22 (isch n=12, haem n=10), both diabetes and hypertension n=15; smoking n=41 (isch n=24, haem n=17) alcoholism n=38 (isch n=22, haem n=16) and >2 risk factors in n=46 (isch n=26, haem n=20). Dyslipidemia (LDL >130, TC>200, HDL<40) as per ATP III guidelines was present in n=69 (43 isch+26 haem) patients. Patients with high LDL were n=15 (9 isch, 6 haem), high total cholesterol was found in n=15 (10 isch, 5 haem), low HDL cholesterol in n=60 (isch n=35, haem n=25) with a p=0.0124. Present study concludes hypertension in 62 %, low HDL (< 40 mg/dl) in 60 %, smoking in 41% are the risk factors for both ischemic and haemorrhagic strokes which are modifiable risk factors. Low HDL cholesterol is more significant with a p=0.0124 which can be improved by exercise. Corresponding author

DYSLIPIDIMIA

Objective: To determine the various lipid profile pattern of dyslipidimia in patientsof chronic renal failure. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study:This study was conducted at Nephrology department of Isra University hospital Hyderabadand Medicine Department Civil hospital Nawabshah, from October 2013 to September 2014.Methodology: This study consisted of 237 patients of chronic renal failure asses on detailedhistory regarding chronic renal failure, patients were subject to relevant investigations i.e.fasting lipid profile and venous blood was drawn after 14 hours fasting state in the early morningand sent to laboratory for analysis of fasting lipid profile. Inclusion Criteria were all patients ofchronic renal failure with 1years history, age &gt; 35 to 60 years and either any sex. Diagnosed onthe basis of serum creatinine as define in operational definition. Exclusion Criteria were patientson lipid lowering agents, acute complication of diabetes mellitus such as diabetic keto-acidosis,patients suffering from hypothyroidism, type 1 DM and HTN, lactic-acidosis, hypoglycemia.Results were prepared with help of tables and graphs. Data was analyzed through SPSS software.Results: Out of 237 patients, 113(47.68%) patients were 51 to 60 years of age, 94(39.66%) were41 to 50 years of age and 30(12.66%) were 35 to 40 years as presented in Chart No 1. Theaverage age of the patients was 50.11±6.94 years. There were 54.43% (129/237) male and45.57% (108/237) female. Various lipid profile pattern of dyslipidimia in patients of chronic renalfailure are presented in table-I. Results of fasting lipid profile are Triglycerides high in 86(36.3%),HDL low in 76(32.1%) cases, LDL in high 83(35%) cases, Cholesterol high in 105(44.3%) casesand VLDL-cholesterol high in 68(28.7%). Stratification analysis showed that lipid profile patternof dyslipidemia was insignificant between male and female as presented in table 2. While withrespect to age groups, rate of Cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol was high in above40 years of age groups as compare to 30 to 40 years of age groups. Rate of low HDL wasalso high in above 40 years of age groups as compare to 30 to 40 years as presented in table3. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study demonstrated that dyslipidemia often our patientschronic renal failure. This underscores the need for the first test patients with lipid abnormalitiesearly treatment can prevent cardiovascular events delay chronic kidney disease.

PP.34.05

Objective: Stroke is a common long-term condition with an increasing incidence as the population ages. Stroke symptoms often include cognitive impairment. Dyslipidemia is a well-known risk factor for stroke. The aim of the study was to investigate the cognitive impairment, lipid profile characteristics and patterns of statin therapy in patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke. Design and method: In 100 patients with acute ischemic stroke (42% male, 69.2 ± 8.9 (M ± SD) years, current smoking 30%, abdominal obesity 74%, arterial hypertension 97%, myocardial infarction 14%, previous non-hemorrhagic stroke 35%, diabetes mellitus 19%, brachiocephalic atherosclerosis 78%, atrial fibrillation 23%, chronic heart failure NYHA II/III 32/4%, chronic kidney disease 12%, estimated glomerular filtration rate 67.1 ± 17.1 ml/min/1.73 m2, alcohol abuse 12%, anemia 13%, previous statin therapy 9% the cognitive impairment, lipid profile characteristics and frequency of statin therapy were assessed. Cognitive functions were evaluated by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Results: 96 (96%) patients had cognitive disfunction: 20.1 ± 4.3 scores by MoCA scale. 86 (86%) patients had dyslipidemia. The mean levels of lipids were 5.5 ± 1.3 mmol/l for total cholesterol (TC), 1.1 ± 0.3 mmol/l for HDL-C, 3.6 ± 0.9 mmol/l for LDL-C and 2.1 ± 0.6 mmol/l for triglycerides (TG). 17 (17%) patients were treated by statins during hospitalization. All of them took a low-dose statin. Conclusions: 96% of patients with non-hemorrhagic stroke have cognitive impairment according to MoCA scale, 86% of patients have dyslipidemia, only 9% and 17% of patients receive low-dose statin therapy ambulatory and at hospital respectively. There is a substantial gap between the guidelines and real practice of statin therapy.

Evaluation of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Back ground: In type 2 diabetes mellitus lipid abnormalities are almost the rule. Dyslipidemia has been noted to play an integral role in the pathogenesis and progression of micro and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus patients. The complications exemplified by renal, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease cause the most morbidity and mortality in this group of patients.Aims and Objectives: This study is aimed at understanding the pattern of dyslipidemia among type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: During two month study period, total 100 patients with diabetes mellitus were evaluated for dyslipidemia. Plasma glucose was estimated by GOD –POD method and Lipid profile by photometry method. Lipid profile was evaluated by investigating the subjects for total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein. In statistical analysis data were analyzed by using various statistical methods like percentage, proportions and tables by using epi info software.Results: Out of 100 patients 72(72%) were males and 28(28%) were females. The mean fasting blood sugar of total patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was 158.35mg/dl. in male diabetics, fasting blood sugar level with diabetes mellitus was 157.56mg/dl and in female diabetics it was 159.14mg/dl. The pattern of dyslipidemia in our study showed significantly higher levels of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, LDL-C in both male and female diabetics and lower levels of HDL-C in female diabetics. There was no significant difference in lipid profile pattern in male and female diabetic patients except lower levels of HDL-C in female diabetic patients. Conclusion: This study showed that dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among type 2 diabetic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12452Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 16-19

Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Serum Lipid Profile of Bangladeshi Female Volunteers

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fasting for a period of one month during Ramadan on the lipid profile of Bangladeshi female volunteers who fasted during the Arabic month of Ramadan, when there occurs a change, both in the pattern and timing of dietary intake. Findings of the study showed that Ramadan fast significantly reduced serum Total cholesterol (TC) (p=0.030) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) (p=0.011). A statistically nonsignificant elevation of triglyceride (TG)) was observed (p=0.598). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) also found to be raised significantly at the end of fasting (p = 0.037). Findings of the study revealed that fasting during the month of Ramadan changes lipid profile pattern in an aniatherogenic direction and may be beneficial to health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmb.v7i2.22412 Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2014; 7(2): 47-51

English

Malaria continues to be one of the major public health problem of India. Almost all deaths are caused by Plasmodium falciparum infected malaria. 1 Under normal physiological conditions, liver ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. 2 Hepatocellular damage often associated with severe and acute P falciparum infections impairs these processes, leading to alteration in plasma lipid profile and lipoprotein patterns. An observation on the nature of dyslipidaemia in malaria patients with reference to correlation if any that exists between malaria and lipid profile in these patients was performed. Results revealed that the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL decreased while triglyceride and VLDL were found to increase in malaria patients. It can be concluded that alteration in lipid profile can be an index of malaria infection but specificity of malaria infection with lipid changes is questionable and need further studies. INTRODUCTION: Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. The most important of the parasitic diseases of humans, it is transmitted in 108 countries containing 3 billion people and causes nearly 1 million deaths each year. Almost all deaths are caused by falciparum malaria.3 India is a vast country with multiethnic society of 1.2 billion living in diverse geo-ecological paradigms and ecotype of malaria. Malaria continues to be one of the major public health problem of India with around 1.5-2 million confirmed cases/year, of which approximately 1000 reported malarial death per year. 4 As per World Health Organization report 2011-2012, South-east Asia region bear the second largest burden of malaria (13%), only being next to African region (81%). Among South-east Asia region, India shares two thirds of the burden (66%) followed by Myanmar (18%) and Indonesia (10%).5 Contrary to the African scenario, where much of the malaria mortality burden is borne by the infants and children, in India, it is the middle productive ages in both genders that suffer the most. 6 Under normal physiological conditions, liver ensures homeostasis of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. 7 Hepatocellular damage often associated with severe and acute P falciparum infections impairs these processes, leading to alteration in plasma lipid and lipoprotein patterns.¶⁻· Parasites forage nutrients from their host as well as possess limited enzyme pathway for de novo synthesis of certain nutrients. So far, studies suggest that there may be some factors or enzymes, which allow the parasite to breakup and consume lipid/cholesterol from their host and utilize them for internalization of eukaryotic protozoa or for reproduction in case of helminthes.¸ Plasmodium is incapable of de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol; but it can fabricate its glycerides and phosphoglycerides with host-supplied nutrients, and can produce the glyceryl moiety during glycolysis.¹

Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis Burden in the Japanese: Comparison between Okinawa and Nagano Residents

The prevalence of overweight and a change in atherosclerotic lipid profiles may be linked to region-specific differences in atherosclerotic diseases. We evaluated whether the lipid phenotype could be linked to region- and sex-specific differences in the degree of atherosclerosis. Non-diabetic subjects included Okinawa (n=1674) and Nagano (n=1392) residents aged 30-75 years who underwent carotid ultrasonography for the measurement of maximum intima-media thickness (max IMT). Average max IMT was higher in Okinawa men and women, and the increase in max IMT with age was enhanced in men. Multiple regression analysis showed that in addition to age and systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were IMT determinants only in men for both Okinawa and Nagano. Meanwhile, HDL-cholesterol was a determinant for Okinawa men and women, but not for Nagano men and women. This is the first report to show region- and sex-specific differences in the determinants for max IMT in a Japanese population. The evaluation of the relationship between lipid profile patterns and region- and sex-specific differences in carotid atherosclerosis burden may be required.

Pattern of peripheral arterial disease and serum lipid profile in patients with diabetes mellitus

Pattern of peripheral arterial disease and serum lipid profile in patients with diabetes mellitus

Alterations in plasma lipid profile patterns in leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis-a pilot study

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia are highly prevalent in India Lipids are the chief cell membrane components which are essential for various biological functions like cell growth and division of normal as well as malignant tissues. Lipids can be helpful for studying the variation in the cholesterol levels for diagnosing and treating the diseases. Aim: The present study evaluated the plasma lipid profiles in patients with Oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia and controls. Methodology: 21 patients were selected for the study out of which 7 had OSMF 7 had oral leukoplakia and 7 were included in control group. Patients with cardiovascular diseases, uncontrolled diabetes, acute hepatitis, thyroid dysfunction, and any drug history were excluded from the study. 5ml blood sample was taken and the serum was tested for triglycride levels(TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, LDL VLDL level were analyzed using triglycerides were analyzed by auto-analyzer used for the analysis of the results is a fully automated biochemistry analyzer. Results: In this study TC, HDL, LDL level analysis showed lower levels in oral leukoplakia and OSMF patients than that of the controls. Conclusion: The alterations in the plasma lipid profile patterns were considerable and recommend a still in-depth study with larger sample size in this aspect for early diagnosis and management of oral leukoplakia to prevent malignant transformation. Keywords: Lipids, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Leukoplakia, Oral submucous fibrosis

English

AIM: This study was under taken to compare the lipid profile pattern including Lipoprotein (a) or Lp (a) levels , Total cholesterol , Triglycerides, High density lipoprotein , Low density lipoprotein and other biochemical parameters like Bun, Creatinine, Fasting Plasma Glucose and Post prandial Plasma Glucose in Chronic kidney disease patients wtih Hemodialysis and without Hemodialysis. INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with early development of atherosclerosis and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality which is the leading cause of death among these patients. Alterations in lipid metabolism resulting in abnormal lipoprotein composition and concentration (dyslipidemia) have been noticed in chronic renal insufficiency. Dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor in the development of a number of disease multitudes ranging from atherosclerosis to stroke. Dyslipidemia may be worsened by dialysis, especially continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Dyslipidemia among HD patients negatively impacts cardiovascular profiles, which in turn influence the frequency and/or duration of hospitalizations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study was conducted among subjects attending Nephrology Department, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute Chennai, Tamil Nadu as inpatients. The study was conducted over a period of three months. The study includes 40 CKD patients in the age group of 40 to 60 years. They were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of subjects with chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis. Group 2 consisted of subjects with chronic kidney disease without hemodialysis. Each group had 10 males and 10 females. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of biochemical parameters of the two groups was calculated. The biochemical parameters include Bun, Creatinine, Fasting Plasma Glucose, Post prandial Plasma Glucose, Lipoprotein (a), Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High density lipoprotein and Low density lipoprotein. Data evaluation was done using SPSS programme. The results were expressed as Mean with standard deviation. The P value < 0.05 was considered significant. CONCLUSION: In this study, there is no significant difference in all the biochemical parameters between chronic kidney disease patients with Hemodialysis and without Hemodialysis.

Influence of thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on growth performance, liver gene expression, and liver and serum cholesterol and triglycerides in young pigs.

To evaluate the effect of feeding thermally oxidized vegetable oils and animal fats on growth performance, liver gene expression, and liver and serum fatty acid and cholesterol concentration in young pigs, 102 barrows (6.67 ± 0.03 kg BW) were divided into 3 groups and randomly assigned to dietary treatments in a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement. The main factors were lipid source (n = 4; corn oil [CN], canola oil [CA], poultry fat [PF], and tallow [TL]) and lipid peroxidation level (n = 3; original lipids [OL], slow oxidation [SO] through heating at 95°C for 72 h, or rapid oxidation [RO] through heating at 185°C for 7 h). Pigs were provided ad libitum access to diets in group pens for 28 d followed by controlled feed intake in metabolism crates for 10 d. On d 39, all pigs were euthanized for liver samples to determine liver weight, lipid profile, and gene expression patterns. Lipid oxidation analysis indicated that compared with the OL, SO and RO of lipids had a markedly increased concentrations of primary and secondary peroxidation products, and the increased lipid peroxidation products in CN and CA were greater than those in PF and TL. After a 28-d ad libitum feeding period, pigs fed RO lipids tended to have reduced ADFI (P = 0.09) and ADG (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed OL, and pigs fed CA had reduced G:F (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed all other lipids. Pigs fed RO lipids tended to have increased relative liver weight (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed OL. Liver triglyceride concentration (LTG) in pigs fed OL was greater (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed SO lipids and tended to be greater (P < 0.07) than in pigs fed SO. The reduced LTG were consistent with increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of PPARα factor target genes (acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA synthase) in pigs fed SO and RO lipids compared with pigs fed OL. Pigs fed CN or CA tended to have increased LTG (P = 0.09) compared with pigs fed TL. Liver cholesterol concentration in pigs fed CN was less (P < 0.05) than in pigs fed PF and tended to be less (P = 0.06) than in pigs fed TL, whereas pigs fed CA had a reduced (P < 0.05) liver cholesterol compared with pigs fed PF or TL. In conclusion, feeding thermally oxidized lipids negatively affected growth performance and LTG of young pigs, which was associated with an upregulation of fatty acid catabolism pathways.

Impact of Different Dietary Proteins on Blood Glucose and Lipids Profile in Diabetic Rats

n the current study the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein hydrolysate (WPH), casein and soy protein (SP) on blood glucose, lipid profile and protein pattern in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats was investigated. Male albino rats were divided into six groups each of 7 rats. Two groups served as control (normal and diabetic rats) and the other four groups were induced diabetes then given the diet supplemented with 20 % of casein, WPC, WPH and SP for 28 days. The results revealed increases in serum biochemical parameters including glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, in addition to decreases in HDL-cholesterol and body weight. While, at the end of the feeding period, all tested groups showed increase in their body weight in different values, also the mentioned biochemical parameters turned to their initial values. On the other hand nonsignificant changes were found in protein pattern parameters. Therefore it can be concluded that the highest recovery of hypoglycemic effect was observed in the groups which received whey protein hydrolsate, soy protein came in the second place followed by whey protein concentrate while, casein came in the last place.

Effect of hormonal contraceptives on lipid profile and the risk indices for cardiovascular disease in a Ghanaian community.

BackgroundHormonal contraceptives (HCs) have been shown to alter lipid profile among various population groups with different patterns of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular (CV) risk. The study aimed at determining the lipid profile pattern and CV risk in a Ghanaian cohort.MethodsPurposive random sampling was done. Forty-seven and 19 cases were on oral contraceptives (OCs) and injectable contraceptives (ICs), respectively; five were on subdermal implant. Twenty-four non-users served as controls. Biodemographic and lipid profiles were determined. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and very-low-density lipid lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLC), were determined. Castelli index I and II were calculated.ResultsThe mean age difference between the HC and control groups was insignificant. However, diastolic blood pressure (BP) differences were significant (P=0.006). The body mass index (BMI) of the OC and IC groups were significantly different from the control group (P=0.003 and P=0.008, respectively). TC levels for the control and case groups were 3.35±0.62 mmol/L and 4.07±0.91 mmol/L, respectively (P=0.002). LDLC levels for the control and case groups were 1.74±0.57 mmol/L and 2.38±0.84 mmol/L, respectively (P=0.003). Castelli index I (TC/HDLC) and II (LDLC/HDLC) were significantly different between the control and OC groups (P=0.026 and P=0.014, respectively). Spearman’s rho correlation showed significant influence of HC use on TG (P=0.026), TC (P=0.000), LDLC (P=0.004), and VLDLC (P=0.026) over time.ConclusionHC use is associated with significant increases in BMI, diastolic BP, TC, LDLC, and Castelli index I and II. These changes carry a potential risk in the development of CV disease.