Lipid Profile In Subjects Research Articles

Lipid profile is similar in both subjects with high 1-hour postload glucose and 2-hour postload glucose and is related to cardio-metabolic profile in prediabetes

AimThe study aimed to investigate a lipid profile in people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), NGT and 1hrOGTT > 8.6 mmol/l, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); and to assess its association with some cardio-metabolic parameters. Material and methodsA total of 90 subjects, of mean age 46.7 ± 10.5 years and mean BMI of 32.0 ± 6.3 kg/m2 were enrolled. They were divided into 3 groups: 19 with NGT, 22 with NGT and 1hrOGTT > 8.6 mmol/l, and 49 with IGT; and subdivided into 2 subgroups according to HOMA-IR: 40 with HOMA-IR < 2.5 and 50 with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5. Body composition (Inbody 720) and advanced glycation end products (AGE Reader) were assessed. Two functional tests (OGTT; MMTT) were performed and AUC for glucose, insulin and triglycerides were calculated. ResultsThere was no difference across the glucose tolerance groups for all evaluated lipids. The results showed higher AUCinsulin during OGTT (p = 0.037 and 0.020), AUCtriglycerides during MMTT (p = 0.048) and triglycerides/HDL ratio (p = 0.064 and 0.016) in the 1hrOGTT and IGT subgroups with HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5 in comparison to those with HOMA-IR < 2.5. AUCtriglycerides during OGTT is independently related to body composition, b-cell function and insulin sensitivity; and AUCtriglycerides during MMTT is independently related to blood pressure and hsCRP in prediabetes. Triglycerides/HDL-C ratio emerged as an independent contributor to glycaemia and insulinemia. ConclusionOur results demonstrate a similar lipid profile in subjects with 1hrOGTT > 8.6 mmol/l and IGT, whereas increased AUCtriglycerides during OGTT, AUCtriglycerides during MMTT and triglycerides/HDL-C ratio have been found in the subgroups with insulin resistance. The triglycerides/HDL-C ratio outlined as an independent predictor of insulin secretion and action, and postload triglycerides appear to be independently related to most of the metabolic parameters.

The association between rapid growth and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Metabolic disease prevalence has increased in many regions, and is closely associated with dyslipidemia. Rapid growth refers to a significant increase in growth velocity above the normal range, particularly in infants and children, and is highly prevalent in congenital deficiency infants. But the association between dyslipidemia and rapid growth remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the lipid profile in subjects with and without postnatal rapid growth, and to determine what are the confounding factors. Medline, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Chinese citation database and WANFANG database were searched (last search in May 2021). Publication bias was examined by constructing funnel plots, Egger's linear regression test and Begg's rank correlation test. The fixed effects model would be adopted if I2 is less than 25%, otherwise random effects model would be used. There were 11 articles involved with a total of 1148 participants (539 boys and 609 girls, mean age=7.4 years). Pooled analysis found that rapid growth was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (weighted mean difference=-0.068, 95%CI [-0.117, -0.020]), but not associated with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Stratified analysis suggested that increased TG were found in rapid growth subjects from developing countries. Higher TC was observed for rapid growth participants of follow-up age ≤8 years old, rapid growth duration ≤2 years, preterm, low birth weight, and from developing countries. But decreased TC was observed in small for gestational age (SGA) rapid growth subjects. Decreased LDL-C had been documented in rapid growth subjects of follow-up age >8 years old, from developed countries, and SGA. At last, rapid growth groups had lower HDL-C in infants of rapid growth duration >2 years and from developed countries. Rapid growth is associated with lipid profiles, particularly during early childhood, and this relationship is influenced by factors such as the duration of growth, the level of national development, and birth weight. These findings are significant for the development of strategies to prevent metabolic diseases.This review was registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) with the registration number CRD42020154240.

Evaluation of Anthropometric Parameters and Lipid Profile in Subjects with Sickle Cell Traits at Madonna University, Elele, Nigeria

Sickle cell trait is a genetic condition that affects a substantial portion of the global population, particularly individuals of African descent. This study is aimed at evaluating anthropometric parameters and lipid profile parameters in subjects with sickle cell traits in Madonna University Teaching Hospital (MUTH), Elele. 72 subjects consisting of 30 HbAA (control), 21 HbAS, and 21 HbSS, all aged 18–40 years, were recruited for the study. Ethical clearance and informed consent were duly obtained from those involved. Blood samples were collected via venipuncture. Total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were analyzed using enzymatic spectrophotometric method. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2). Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 for Windows 7. The result from this study suggests that there are statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) among the genotype variants, HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS, for the TCH, TG, HDL, LDL, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. For the control group (HbAA), the TCH is 4.51 mmol/L, TG is 1.21 mmol/L, HDL is 0.95 mmol/L, LDL is 2.81 mmol/L, and Hb is 14.02 g/dL. For the HbAS, the TCH is 4.16 mmol/L, TG is 0.73 mmol/L, HDL is 0.92 mmol/L, LDL is 2.82 mmol/L, and Hb is 13.02 g/dL. For the HbSS, the TCH is 3.39 mmol/L, TG is 0.59 mmol/L, HDL is 0.63 mmol/L, LDL is 2.59 mmol/L, and Hb is 10.85 g/dL. Also, the BMI (kg/m2) showed no statistically significant differences among the genotype variants, HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS (p &gt; 0.05). This concludes that lipid metabolism may be altered in red cell genetic disorders such as sickle cell anemia.

Effect of probiotic incorporation on physicochemical attributes of yogurt during storage and influence on cholesterol assimilation.

This study aimed to evaluate the incorporation effect of probiotic culture (Lactobacillus acidophilus) in buffalo milk yogurt on stability and microbial survival rate during storage. In addition, the influence of probiotic culture on blood lipid profiles was investigated for a period of 6weeks. Yogurt was prepared with buffalo milk with different probiotic concentrations (0, 100, and 50%) and administered to subjects at 300g/day. All treatments showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in acidity and pH during storage for 21 days at refrigeration temperature, while treatment with 100% probiotic culture (G2) was most prominent. Physicochemical analysis demonstrated a maximum pH decline of 0.60 in G2, followed by 0.56 in the mix cultured (G3). However, increasing trend was observed in acidity, with highest increment of 0.89% followed by 0.54% in G2 and G3, respectively. Storage study of total viable count demonstrated the reduction in the enumeration of microbial population owing to the production of organic acids, while L. acidophilus had a high survival rate of 5.25 log 10 CFU/g. Probiotic culture produced significant results in the lipid profile of subjects. Treatments containing probiotic bacteria G2 and G3 showed the lowest total cholesterol (183.57 and 182.85mg/dL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) (105.80 106.40mg/dL), respectively. In terms of high density lipoproteins (HDL), G2 showed a highest increment of 49.82mg/dL. Results of our study revealed that consumption of probiotic yogurt is beneficial for human health by improvement of blood lipid profiles and reduces cardiovascular patient's percentage around the globe. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Experimental investigation of the effect of probiotic culture addition on the stability of buffalo milk yogurt. Assessment of the potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus on blood lipid profiles.

Lipid profile in Noonan syndrome and related disorders: trend by age, sex and genotype.

RASopathies are developmental disorders caused by dysregulation of the RAS-MAPK signalling pathway, which contributes to the modulation of multiple extracellular signals, including hormones and growth factors regulating energetic metabolism, including lipid synthesis, storage, and degradation. We evaluated the body composition and lipid profiles of a single-centre cohort of 93 patients with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of RASopathy by assessing height, BMI, and total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, apolipoprotein, fasting glucose, and insulin levels, in the context of a cross sectional and longitudinal study. We specifically investigated and compared anthropometric and haematochemistry data between the Noonan syndrome (NS) and Mazzanti syndrome (NS/LAH) groups. At the first evaluation (9.5 ± 6.2 years), reduced growth (-1.80 ± 1.07 DS) was associated with a slightly reduced BMI (-0.34 DS ± 1.15 DS). Lipid profiling documented low total cholesterol levels (< 5th percentile) in 42.2% of the NS group; in particular, in 48.9% of PTPN11 patients and in 28.6% of NS/LAH patients compared to the general population, with a significant difference between males and females. A high proportion of patients had HDL levels lower than the 26th percentile, when compared to the age- and sex-matched general population. Triglycerides showed an increasing trend with age only in NS females. Genotype-phenotype correlations were also evident, with particularly reduced total cholesterol in about 50% of patients with PTPN11 mutations with LDL-C and HDL-C tending to decrease during puberty. Similarly, apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B deficits were documented, with differences in prevalence associated with the genotype for apolipoprotein A1. Fasting glucose levels and HOMA-IR were within the normal range. The present findings document an unfavourable lipid profile in subjects with NS, in particular PTPN11 mutated patients, and NS/LAH. Further studies are required to delineate the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in RASopathies more systematically and confirm the occurrence of previously unappreciated genotype-phenotype correlations involving the metabolic profile of these disorders.

Serum fatty acid transport protein 1 in women with and without breast cancer

Introduction and Aim: Obesity influences the serum lipid profiles leading to dysregulation of lipid metabolism in which fatty acid transporter like FATP 1 (Fatty acid transport protein 1) are recognized to play a key role in BC progression. Aim of the present study is to compare FATP1 levels in women with and without BC. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 50 BC and 50 control subjects were recruited. Serum was separated from the blood and baseline characteristics like height, weight, age and BMI were noted for all the subjects. Lipid profile and serum level of FATP1 was estimated using a commercially available kit. P&lt;0.05 was found as statistically significant. Results: The serum FATP1 levels in subjects with breast cancer differed significantly between the case and control. TC, TAG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C differed between two groups and were statistically significant. Further, serum FATP1 levels in subjects with BC were compared based on the status of the receptor showed a significant difference in TG, VLDL-C and serum FATP1.Correlating the serum FATP1 levels with baseline characteristics and lipid profiles in subjects with BC, age showed a positive correlation with serum FATP1 levels. Correlation of FATP1 with different receptor status in subjects with BC showed a positive correlation between FATP1 and VLDL in ER+/PR-/HER2+ receptor status, FATP1 and HDL-C showed a positive correlation in triple-negative BC. Conclusion: Though extensive research on breast cancer is underway, Study reports on serum level of FATP1 in BC are scarce. Current study demonstrates the importance of serum levels of FATP1 in BC. Further study on the molecular regulation of FATP1 in BC will add to the knowledge, and findings of the study implicates for utilizing FATP1 as a biomarker in BC.

Antidyslipidemic, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Jelly Drink Containing Polyphenol-Rich Roselle Calyces Extract and Passion Fruit Juice with Pulp in Adults with Dyslipidemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathophysiology in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia, which are positive risks that increase atherosclerosis leading to important healthcare problems. Therefore, we aimed to study the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects of jelly drink containing polyphenol-rich roselle calyces extract and passion fruit juice with pulp concentrate (RP jelly drink) in comparison to a placebo jelly drink for 8 weeks. Forty-three adults with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned into two groups: the RP jelly drink group and the placebo group. Glucose, total cholesterol (TC) triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory parameters, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured with fasting blood samples at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention. Results showed a significant decrease in LDL-C and TG, respectively, after 8 weeks of RP jelly drink consumption (LDL-C: 107.63 ± 22.98 mg/dL; TG: 109.79 ± 38.83 mg/dL) compared to baseline measurements (LDL-C: 128.43 ± 32.74 mg/dL; TG: 132.33 ± 75.11 mg/dL). These may be possible due to reduced inflammation and improvements in oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the reduction of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the enhancement of glutathione (GSH) after consuming the RP jelly drink for 8 weeks. However, no significant differences of treatment on glucose, total cholesterol, MCP-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 were observed. In conclusion, daily consumption of RP jelly drink for 8 weeks resulted in significant improvement in lipid profiles in subjects with dyslipidemia. However, more research is needed to assess its nutritional and functional potential.

Relationship Between Dyslipidemia and Sexual Dysfunction Among Type 2 Diabetics in Tema Metropolis of Ghana

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is high and still rising worldwide. This study sought to investigate the influence of dyslipidemia on the risk of sexual dysfunction among type 2 diabetics in Tema Metropolis of Ghana. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study design was employed and involved 246 type 2 diabetics selected through consecutive sampling from Tema General Hospital. Sexual dysfunction was evaluated using the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction questionnaire. Lipid profile of subjects was determined and dyslipidemia diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Regression analysis was performed to determine the association between dyslipidemia and sexual dysfunction. Results: About 64.9% and 66.4% of male and female diabetics had sexual dysfunction respectively. The prevalence of combined/Mixed dyslipidemia were 46.2% and 48.3% among male and female diabetics respectively. In male diabetics, hypercholesterolemia was significantly associated with sexual dysfunction. Male diabetics that had hypercholesterolemia were 3.2 times more likely to suffer from sexual dysfunction as compared to those without hypercholesterolemia (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 3.18; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.30-7.79; P=0.011). In female diabetics, dyslipidemia was not found to be associated with sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: Study concluded that dyslipidemia (Hypercholesterolemia) is an independent predictor of sexual dysfunction in male but not in female type 2 diabetics.

The effect of barberry (Berberis integerrima) on lipid profile and systemic inflammation in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDespite significant advances in the management of cardiovascular disease (CVDs), there is still a large burden of CVD in the world. The inclusion of functional foods in the diet may provide beneficial effects on CVD. Purple-black barberry due to its richness in anthocyanins and berberine has shown beneficial effects on cardiometabolic factors. We investigated the effects of barberry on plasma lipids as well as inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsThis was an 8-weeks, single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial that the participants were randomly assigned to a barberry (10 g/day dried barberry) or placebo group. At baseline and end of the study, plasma lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), small-dense LDL-C (sd-LDL-C), non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C, as well as inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were determined. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed.ResultsEighty-four participants were randomly assigned to study groups. The mean (± SD) participants' age was 54.06 ± 10.19 years. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and dietary intake were not different between the two groups at baseline and the end of the study. After adjusting for baseline values, we observed a significant decrease in plasma levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, sd-LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C (p < 0.001, p = 0.011, p = 0.015, p = 0.019, p = 0.004, and p = 0.039 respectively) as well as CRP (p = 0.020) in the barberry group compared to the placebo group.ConclusionsOur results indicate that purple-black barberry consumption decreases plasma levels of CRP and improves lipid profile in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors.Trial registrationThis clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number: NCT04084847).

Curcumin and zinc co-supplementation along with a loss-weight diet can improve lipid profiles in subjects with prediabetes: a multi-arm, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial

BackgroundDiabetes is one of the major public health concerns. Prediabetes can increase the risk of developing some non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Given the increasing trend of prediabetes, it is critical to control it and prevent its complications. Curcumin is a major bioactive component of turmeric. Zinc is an antioxidant nutrient. The present trial aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin and zinc co-supplementation along with a loss-weight diet on serum lipid profiles in overweight or obese patients with prediabetes.MethodsEighty-four participants were randomized to four groups (curcumin (500 mg/day), zinc (30 mg/day), “curcumin and zinc”, and placebo) for 90 days. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), non-HDL, HDL/LDL ratio, weight, BMI, waist circumstance (WC), hip circumstance (HC), physical activity (PA) and dietary intake were determined pre and post-intervention. This study will be conducted at Yazd Diabetes Research Clinic, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.ResultsTotally, 82 participants were included in the final analysis. After the adjusted PA effect, changes in serum TG (adjusted p = 0.001), LDL (adjusted p = 0.035), non-HDL (adjusted p = 0.003), HDL/LDL ratio (adjusted p = 0.002), and HDL (adjusted p < 0.0001) revealed a significant difference between the groups. However, the changes in weight (adjusted p = 0.004) and BMI (adjusted p = 0.006) were significant but the changes in dietary intake, PA, WC, and HC were non-significant (adjusted p ≥ 0.05). Despite that there was a significant difference for post-intervention HDL levels (adjusted p = 0.016), other lipid profiles showed no significant difference (adjusted p ≥ 0.05).ConclusionThe beneficial effects of “curcumin and zinc” co-supplementation was reported for the changes of some lipid profiles (TG, LDL, HDL, non-HDL, and HDL to LDL ratio), BMI, and weight with no positive effects on TC, dietary intake, PA, WC, and HC. Therefore, it may play a potential role in the prevention of macro and microvascular complications.Trial registration The project is a registered clinical trial (Registration number: IRCT20190902044671N1, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), registered October 11, 2019.

Influence of Diet and Levels of Zonulin, Lipopolysaccharide and C-Reactive Protein on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Subjects.

A western diet and increased intestinal permeability may contribute to systemic inflammation and the development of cardio-metabolic alterations. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between diet, biomarkers of intestinal permeability, and chronic low-grade inflammation on the cardiometabolic profile. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 238 young subjects aged 18–29 years, divided into two groups: with <3 cardiometabolic risk factors (CRF) and ≥3 risk factors. Anthropometric parameters, biochemical profile, and serum levels of zonulin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured, and the macronutrient intake was evaluated. Interaction models showed elevated glucose levels in the presence of high biomarker levels: zonulin ≥51.6 ng/mL plus LPS ≥ 1.35 EU/mL (β = 1.1, p = 0.006), and LPS ≥1.35 EU/mL plus hs-CRP ≥ 4.3 mg/L (β = 1.2, p = 0.007). In addition, triglyceride levels increased in the presence of LPS ≥ 1.35 EU/mL and hs-CRP ≥ 4.3 mg/L (β = 3.9, p = 0.01). Despite having increased biomarker levels, a higher consumption of water (≥2100 mL), polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥6.0 g), or fiber (≥30 g) decreased triglyceride (β = −9.6, p = 0.03), total cholesterol (β = −5.1, p = 0.01), and LDL-C levels (β = −7.7, p = 0.01). These findings suggest that the increased consumption of water, PUFA and fiber may improve lipid profile in subjects with intestinal permeability dysfunction or low-grade systemic inflammation.

Effect of low-fat dairy products fortified with 1500IU nano encapsulated vitamin D3 on cardiometabolic indicators in adults with abdominal obesity: a total blinded randomized controlled trial

Background & aims Vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a nano encapsulated form of vitamin D used for fortifying low-fat dairy products (milk and yogurt) on anthropometric indices, glycemic status, and lipid profile in subjects with abdominal obesity. Methods In a totally (quadruple) blinded, randomized, and parallel-controlled trial, 306 individuals with abdominal obesity were randomly allocated to one of four groups: fortified low-fat yogurt (FY, 1500 IU nano encapsulated vitamin D3 per 150 g/d), non-fortified low-fat yogurt (nFY), fortified low-fat milk (FM, 1500 IU nano encapsulated vitamin D3 per 200 g/d), non-fortified low-fat milk (nFM), for 10 weeks (nFM and nFY, were considered as the control groups). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and after a ten-week trial in Mashhad, Iran. Results After the ten-week intervention, we found a significant increase in serum concentration of 25(OH)D in both the FM and FY groups compared to the respective control groups (19.10 ± 5.69 ng/mL and 20.88 ± 5.76 ng/mL respectively, p < .001). We observed a significant reduction in weight to hip ratio (p = .04) and a significant improvement in triglyceride (p < .001) and HDL-C (p = .01) only in FM group compared to nFM group. Also, we found a significant reduction in fasting serum insulin (p < .001), and a significant improvement of HOMA-IR (p < .001) and QUICKI (p < .001) in both intervention groups compared to their placebos. Conclusions An intake of fortified dairy products containing nano-encapsulated vitamin D3 was associated with an improvement in some measures of anthropometric indices, glucose homeostasis, and lipid profiles, particularly in individuals receiving fortified milk. Hence, along with other benefits, fortification of dairy products with vitamin D may be an effective approach to improve some cardiometabolic indicators, such as insulin resistance. Trial registration number IRCT20101130005280N27

Potential Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin on Glycemic and Lipid Profile in Uncomplicated Type 2 Diabetes-A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial.

Diabetes mellitus is an important issue for public health, and it is growing in the world. In recent years, there has been a growing research interest on efficacy evidence of the curcumin use in the regulation of glycemia and lipidaemia. The molecular structure of curcumins allows to intercept reactive oxygen species (ROI) that are particularly harmful in chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis models. The aim of our study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of curcumin on glycemic and lipid profile in subjects with uncomplicated type 2 diabetes. The papers included in the meta-analysis were sought in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases as of October 2020. The sizes were pooled across studies in order to obtain an overall effect size. A random effects model was used to account for different sources of variation among studies. Cohen’s d, with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as a measure of the effect size. Heterogeneity was assessed while using Q statistics. The ANOVA-Q test was used to value the differences among groups. Publication bias was analyzed and represented by a funnel plot. Curcumin treatment does not show a statistically significant reduction between treated and untreated patients. On the other hand, glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) showed a statistically significant reduction in subjects that were treated with curcumin, respectively (p = 0.008, p < 0.001, p = 0.021). When considering HBA1c, the meta-regressions only showed statistical significance for gender (p = 0.034). Our meta-analysis seems to confirm the benefits on glucose metabolism, with results that appear to be more solid than those of lipid metabolism. However, further studies are needed in order to test the efficacy and safety of curcumin in uncomplicated type 2 diabetes.

Comparison of Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Profiles between NAFLD Patients with or without Hyperlipidemia.

Objectives. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperlipidemia (HL) are common metabolic disorders due to overnutrition and obesity. NAFLD is often associated with hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the erythrocyte membrane lipids profile in NAFLD patients with or without HL. Methods. A total of 112 subjects (with similar age and body mass index) were divided into four groups: (1) normal controls, (2) NAFLD alone, (3) HL alone, and (4) NAFLD combined with HL (NAFLD + HL). Lipid was extracted from the erythrocyte membrane, and lipid profiles of subjects were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results. Data sets from 103 subjects were adopted for lipidomic analysis. Significant changes of lipid species were observed in patient groups, especially in the HL group and NAFLD + HL group. The HL group showed increased level of most lipid species, and decreased level of most lipid species was observed in the NAFLD + HL group. The weight percent of myristic acid, stearic acid, erucic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid also showed distinct variation between different groups. Conclusions. NAFLD, HL, and NAFLD + HL all had an impact on lipid profiling of the erythrocyte membrane. The influence of NAFLD alone is less important compared with HL. Some lipids should be highlighted because of their specific role in cell function and systemic metabolism.

Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multi-arm randomized controlled clinical trial

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate and compare the effects of add-on folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation on glycaemic control, insulin resistance and serum lipid profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study design & InterventionThis study was a randomized, multi-arm, open-label clinical trial. 80 patients with type 2 diabetes and on stable oral antidiabetics were enrolled and 20 patients each were randomly allocated to one of the four groups – Group A: add-on Folic acid (5 mg/day); Group B: add-on Methylcobalamin (500 mcg/day); Group C: add-on Folic acid (5 mg/day) + Methylcobalamin (500 mcg/day) and Group D: Standard oral anti-diabetic drugs. The patients were followed up after 8 weeks. ResultsHbA1c improved significantly in Groups B and C [median changes from baseline – 1.2 % (– 13 mmol/mol) and – 1.5 % (– 16 mmol/mol) respectively, p values 0.04 and 0.02 respectively] compared to Group D. Groups B and C also showed significant improvements in plasma insulin, insulin resistance and serum adiponectin compared to Group D. Serum homocysteine declined significantly in all three groups with add-on supplementation compared to standard treatment. No improvement in the lipid profile was noted in any of the groups. ConclusionsAdd-on supplementation with vitamin B12 improved glycaemic control and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

IMPACT OF DURATION OF HEMODIALYSIS ON LIPID PROFILE IN END STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS RECEIVING HEMODIALYSIS.

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients receiving hemodialysis are at a higher risk of developing dyslipidemia which is undoubtedly a predisposing factor of cardiac related disease in these patients. Objectives: To assess serum lipid profile in subjects having end stage renal disease and receiving maintenance hemodialysis and to compare it with normal healthy controls and also to assess the effects of duration of hemodialysis on the lipid profile. Study Design: A case-control study. Setting: Executed in the Nephrology Department of JPMC. Period: January 2018 to January 2019. Material and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from a total of 90 subjects. Subjects were stratified into 3 groups including cases of ESRD receiving maintenance hemodialysis and matched healthy controls. Analysis for serum triglyceride, serum VLDL, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL was done. Results: A significant rise in serum triglyceride content and total serum cholesterol of hemodialysis patients (p &lt; 0.01) was detected as compared to healthy controls. A statistically significant decrease was found in serum HDL level (p &lt; 0.01) in hemodialysis patients in comparison to healthy controls. The impact of the hemodialysis duration was found to deteriorate the lipid profile of patients having longer duration of hemodialysis. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was found to be evident in hemodialysis patients. The duration of hemodialysis sessions was found to affect the lipid profile of ESRD patients, which may play a role in higher incidence of atherosclerotic related cardiac events among these patients.

LDL-cholesterol lowering effect of hydroxytyrosol (HTEssenceandreg;): A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study

Background: Nutraceuticals containing hydroxytyrosol have been shown to exert a wide range of beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system like lipid modification and cholesterol reduction. The aim of this randomized doubleblind, placebo-controlled parallel study was to investigate the effects of a pure, synthetic form of hydroxytyrosol (HTEssence®) on the lipid profile in subjects with elevated LDL-cholesterol level. Methods: 92 subjects underwent a 12-week intervention with hydroxytyrosol or placebo. At baseline, after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention the lipid profile of the subjects was assessed.The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines for Good Clinical Practice (GCP) andwas registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00015251). Results: A significant delta change of LDL-cholesterol levels was observed in the hydroxytyrosol group after 12 weeks of intervention comparedto the placebo group (p=0.0454). The absolute difference between placebo and hydroxytyrosol accounted for 8.46mg/dL.With regard to the changes within the intervention groups after 12 weeks, a slight decrease of LDL-cholesterol could be observed in the hydroxytyrosol group (-2.70 mg/dL, 95% CI: -8.15- 2.75) and, in contrast, an increase of this parameter in the placebo group (5.76 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.23– 11.28). Regarding the other parameters of lipid status including total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL-ratio and triglycerides, no lipid modifying effects were observed. Conclusion: Data of the current clinical study support the evidence for hydroxytyrosol being a nutraceutical with anti-atherogenic effects.

The impact of probiotic yogurt consumption on lipid profiles in subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimsPotential beneficial effect of probiotic yogurt on the lipid profile has raised much interest. However, the results are inconsistent in this regard. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of probiotic yogurt on serum lipid profile in individuals with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Methods and resultsOnline databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Igaku Chuo Zasshi were searched until March 19th 2019. The effect sizes were expressed as the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Seven eligible trials with 274 participants were included in this systematic review. Pooling of 9 effect sizes from these seven articles revealed a significant reduction in total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels following probiotic yogurt consumption (mean difference: −8.73 mg/dl, 95% CI: −15.98, −1.48, p-value = 0.018 and mean difference: −10.611 mg/dl, 95% CI: −16.529, −4.693, p-value = 0.000, respectively) without significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 40.6%, p-value = 0.1 and I2 = 24.2%, p-value = 0.229, respectively). The results showed no significant changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Also, none of the variables showed a significant change for sensitivity analysis. ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that probiotic yogurt can significantly reduce total cholesterol and LDL-c in subjects with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia without a significant effect on HDL-c and triglyceride levels.

Whey Protein Combined with Low Dietary Fiber Improves Lipid Profile in Subjects with Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

Abdominal obesity is associated with elevated postprandial triglycerides (TG), an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies show that whey protein (WP) and dietary fiber may separately reduce postprandial TG. However, few studies have investigated the long-term effects of WP and dietary fiber on postprandial TG. We aimed to investigate the separate and combined long-term effects of WP and dietary fiber from wheat bran on postprandial TG and markers of lipid metabolism in subjects with abdominal obesity. We conducted a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel intervention study. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, 73 adults were randomized to receive 60 g/day of either WP hydrolysate or maltodextrin (MD) combined with high-fiber wheat bran products (HiFi; 30 g dietary fiber/day) or low-fiber refined wheat products (LoFi; 10 g dietary fiber/day). A high-fat meal test was conducted before and after the intervention. Sixty-five subjects were included in the final analyses. There were no differences between intervention groups in postprandial TG assessed as incremental area under the curve (iAUC). WP-LoFi had reduced postprandial TG assessed as total area under the curve (tAUC) and reduced fasting TG compared with all other groups, and reduced fasting apolipoprotein B-48 compared with MD-LoFi. There were no changes in lipoprotein lipase activity. Total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B-100 were reduced after WP intake compared with MD. Total cholesterol was increased after HiFi intake compared with LoFi. In conclusion, intake of WP in combination with low-fiber cereal products for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on postprandial TG tAUC and fasting TG, but not on postprandial TG iAUC in subjects with abdominal obesity. Combining WP with high-fiber wheat bran products did not improve lipid profile.

Effects of probiotics and synbiotic on lipid profiles in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial

Background: The use of probiotics and/or prebiotics as an effective means of regulating gut microbiota may have a beneficial effect on metabolic disorders.Aims: This study was designed to assess the ability of probiotics and synbiotic to modify lipid profiles in subjects with prediabetes who are at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Methods: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 120 pre-diabetic adults aged 35-70 years from the first-degree family of type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and randomly equally assigned to consume 6 g/d either probiotic or synbiotic or placebo supplements for 6 months. The probiotics used were Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and Bifidobacterium longum. Food record, physical activity, anthropometric measures and lipid profiles were assessed repeatedly at baseline, and 3- and 6-month supplementation.Results: Probiotics and synbiotic were effective in reduction of serum triglycerides after 6 months of intervention (SMD=- 10.6 and -9.4 respectively). Compared with the placebo, synbiotic resulted in a significant reduction in serum triglyceride levels (MD±SE: -9.4 ± 6.6 mg/dl vs. +13.2±6.8 mg/dl, p=0.02). Serum total-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol were statistically unaffected by probiotic or synbiotic.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that supplementation with probiotic and especially synbiotic could decrease the concentration of triglyceride in prediabetic adults. This finding could warrant future studies to determine the therapeutic and preventive effects of these supplements in individuals at risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: probiotic; synbiotic; prediabetes; lipid; lipoprotein