Erythrocyte Lipid Peroxidation Research Articles

Bioactive Variability and In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of Unprocessed and Processed Flour of Nine Cultivars of Australian lupin Species: A Comprehensive Substantiation.

The aim of this present investigation was to analyze bioactive compounds, as well as demonstrate the antioxidant activities of nine cultivars of Australian lupin species accompanied by observing the effect of domestic heat processing on their antioxidant activities adopting in vivo and in vitro approaches. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis was performed for profiling bioactive compounds present in lupin cultivars. Multiple assay techniques involving quantification of polyphenolics, flavonoids and flavonol, electron transfer (ET) based assay, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT)-based assay and in vivo assays were performed. The major compounds found were hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester, methyl stearate, lupanine,13-docosenamide and 11-octadecenoic acid (Z)- methyl ester. Mandelup was found to show excellent antioxidant activity. Moreover, Jurien, Gunyidi and Barlock had strong antioxidant activity. Both positive and negative impacts of heat processing were observed on antioxidant activity. Heating and usage of excess water during processing were the key determinants of loss of antioxidants. Negligible loss of antioxidant activity was observed in most of the assays whereas inhibition of both lipid peroxidation (33.53%) and hemolysis of erythrocytes (37.75%) were increased after processing. In addition, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant assays are found to show statistically significant (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01) results, which are supported by the presence of a number of antioxidant compounds in GC-MS analysis.

Chlorogenic acid improves lipid membrane peroxidation and morphological changes in nitrite-induced erythrocyte model of methemoglobinemia.

Nitrite salts are widely presented in food and their hazardous effects have been well documented. In this study, we evaluated the protective capacity of chlorogenic acid (CGA) against sodium nitrite (NaNO2) -induced damage to rat erythrocytes. Two dosing regimens of CGA were undertaken to alleviate the erythrocyte injury induced by NaNO2 . We examined the cell fragility, the level of methemoglobin and oxidative stress parameters of each treated group. In result, as compared to the CGA post-incubation, co-incubation of CGA with NaNO2 decreased the content of advanced oxidation protein products. The protective capacity of CGA was superior to its remedial effect. We infer that the reaction of CGA and NaNO2 may suppress the cytotoxicity of nitrite on erythrocytes and avoid the generation of oxidative stress induced by NaNO2 . Our results suggest a novel diet strategy for preventing the adverse effects of nitrite in those people with exposure to nitrite. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Nitrite is ubiquitous in our environment and can also be formed from nitrogenous compounds by microorganisms which exist in the soil, water, and saliva. Several researches have been performed to explore the protection of natural products on the toxic effects of Nitrite. In this study, exogenous chlorogenic acid (CGA) is able to avert the membrane damage, lipid peroxidation, and morphology in nitrite-induced erythrocytes. The protective capacity of CGA shows superior to the remediate effect of CGA against NaNO2 caused damage to erythrocytes. These results suggest a novel diet strategy for preventing the adverse effects of NaNO2 in those people with acute exposure to nitrite.

UHPLC-HESI-OT-MS-MS Biomolecules Profiling, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the "Orange-Yellow Resin" from Zuccagnia punctata Cav.

This research was designed to investigate the metabolite profiling, phenolics, and flavonoids content as well as the potential antioxidant and antibacterial, properties of orange-yellow resin from Zuccagnia punctata Cav (ZpRe). Metabolite profiling was obtained by a ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS-MS). The antioxidant properties were screened by four methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), trolox equivalent antioxidant activity assay (TEAC), ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes (LP)). The antibacterial activity was evaluated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) rules. The resin displayed a strong DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 25.72 µg/mL) and showed a percentage of inhibition of LP close to that of the reference compound catechin (70% at 100 µg ZpRe/mL), while a moderated effect was observed in the FRAP and TEAC assays. The resin showed a content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds of 391 mg GAE/g and 313 mg EQ/g respectively. Fifty phenolics compounds were identified by ultrahigh resolution liquid chromatography orbitrap MS analysis (UHPLC-PDA-OT-MS) analysis. Thirty-one compounds are reported for the first time, updating the knowledge on the chemical profile of this species. The importance of the biomolecules identified support traditional use of this endemic plant. Furthermore, additional pharmacological data is presented that increase the potential interest of this plant for industrial sustainable applications.

Impact of ApoE Polymorphism and Physical Activity on Plasma Antioxidant Capability and Erythrocyte Membranes.

The allele epsilon 4 (ε4) of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ApoE protein plays a pivotal role in the synthesis and metabolism of amyloid beta (Aβ), the major component of the extracellular plaques that constitute AD pathological hallmarks. Regular exercise is an important preventive/therapeutic tool in aging and AD. Nevertheless, the impact of physical exercise on the well-being of erythrocytes, a good model of oxidative stress and neurodegenerative processes, remains to be investigated, particularly depending on ApoE polymorphism. Herein, we evaluate the oxidative status, Aβ levels, and the membrane’s composition of erythrocytes in a cohort of human subjects. In our hands, the plasma antioxidant capability (AOC), erythrocytes membrane fluidity, and the amount of phosphatidylcholine (PC) were demonstrated to be significantly decreased in the ApoE ε4 genotype and non-active subjects. In contrast, erythrocyte Aβ content and lipid peroxidation increased in ε4 carriers. Regular physical exercise was associated with an increased plasma AOC and membrane fluidity, as well as to a reduced amount of erythrocytes Aβ. Altogether, these data highlight the influence of the ApoE genotype on erythrocytes’ well-being and confirm the positive impact of regular physical exercise.

Crude extract of cyanobacterium Radiocystis fernandoi strain R28 induces anemia and oxidative stress in fish erythrocytes

The cyanobacterium Radiocystis fernandoi has been frequently identified in cyanobacterial blooms in Brazil. Recently, R. fernandoi strain R28, which produces microcystin (MC)-RR and MC-YR, was isolated from the Furnas reservoir, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The present study evaluated the hematological variables and erythrocyte antioxidant responses, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and genotoxicity in a neotropical fish (Hoplias malabaricus) after acute and subchronic exposure to a crude extract (CE) of R. fernandoi strain R28. Acute exposure (12 or 96 h) consisted of a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) CE injection, and subchronic exposure consisted of one i.p. CE injection every 72 h for 30 days. After acute exposure, fish exhibited macrocytic anemia (12 h post-injection) followed by normocytic anemia (96 h post-injection). The increased activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, and the glutathione level in the erythrocytes did not prevent oxidative stress, manifested as lipid peroxidation and elevated DNA damage after acute exposure. After subchronic exposure, the hematological variables recovered, and the absence of erythrocyte oxidative stress suggests possible modulation by other biological factors, including a possible decrease in MC uptake by the cells and/or increasing detoxification efficiency that precludes erythrocyte damage.

Olive cake reduces glycaemia and lipemia and increases antioxidant enzymes in STZ-induced diabetes in rat erythrocytes and tissues

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of olive cake (CO) on glycaemia and lipemia and lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activities in erythrocytes and tissues, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Design/methodology/approach Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55 mg/kg BW). In total, 12 diabetic D rats, weighing 260 ± 20 g, were divided into two groups fed a casein diet supplemented (D-OC) or not (D) with OC (7.5 per cent), for four weeks. Findings In D-OC compared with D, glycaemia, total cholesterol and triglycerides values (−40 per cent; p = 0.007, 27 per cent; p = 0.007 and −27 per cent; p = 0.0019). In erythrocyte, liver, kidney, heart, muscle and brain, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances contents were respectively, (−19 per cent; p = 0.03, −32 per cent; p = 0.002, −20 per cent; p = 0.04, −68 per cent; p = 0.003, −74 per cent; p = 0.0003 and −38 per cent; p = 0.04). In erythrocyte, SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were respectively, (+14 per cent; p = 0.01, +74 per cent; p = 0.012 and +34 per cent; p = 0.0009). In the liver, kidney, heart and muscle, SOD activity was respectively, (+31 per cent; p = 0.004, +12 per cent; p = 0.038, +43 per cent; p = 0.001 and +23 per cent; p = 0.18). GSH-Px activity was respectively, (+121 per cent; p = 0.0009, 89 per cent; p = 0.0006, + 95 per cent; p = 0.008, +71 per cent; p = 0.02 and +26 per cent; p = 0.01), in the liver, kidney, heart, muscle and brain. Catalase activity was (+21 per cent; p = 0.008) in the liver, (+88 per cent; p = 0.0002 in the kidney, +53 per cent; p = 0,002 in the heart and 83 per cent; p = 0.00004 in the muscle). Originality/value In diabetic rats, OC reduces hyperglycaemia induced by STZ and attenuates triglyceridemia and cholesterolemia. This residue is able to decrease the oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant enzymes activity in erythrocytes and tissues. The high contents of phytoconstituents present in OC are considered to be responsible for this effect.

Phloretin loaded chitosan nanoparticles enhance the antioxidants and apoptotic mechanisms in DMBA induced experimental carcinogenesis

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phloretin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PhCsNPs) on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced experimental cancer in hamsters. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was induced in male golden Syrian hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA three times a week for 14 weeks. Varying concentration of PhCsNPs (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg b.wt.) was orally administered on alternative days to evaluate the optimum dose. The experiment design was terminated at the end of the 14th week. The development of OSCC was confirmed by histopathological and biochemical analysis (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant profile, and detoxification enzymes) in plasma, erythrocyte, buccal, and liver tissues. Significant increases in oxidation and lipid peroxidation were noticed in DMBA-painted hamsters. Oral administration of PhCsNPs in various doses on alternate days reversed the deleterious effects induced by DMBA. In addition, immunoblot analyses of PhCsNPs treatment enhanced the release of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), cytochrome c, caspase-3, 9 and suppressed the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression, which the use of PhCsNPs for mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. These findings suggest biofabricated PhCsNPs may act as a potent antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic in DMBA induced oral cancer in experimental animals.

Vitamins C and E alone and in combination partly protect against chronic ethanol-induced toxicity in rat erythrocytes.

Oxidative stress is part of the mechanisms involved in ethanol toxicity. We investigated effects of vitamins C (VC), E (VE) and the combination of VC+VE on chronic ethanol-induced toxicity in rat erythrocytes. The following groups were treated for 30 days: control (C), VC (200 mg/kg), VE (200 mg/kg), VC (200 mg/kg) + VE (200 mg/kg), ethanol 4 g/kg, ethanol + VC, ethanol + VE and ethanol + VC + VE. The doses of vitamins and ethanol were selected for per kilogram of animal's body weight. Blood samples collected at the end of treatments were analyzed for erythrocyte osmotic fragility and plasma scavenging activity. The washed erythrocytes were used to determine superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdeyde (MDA). Ethanol induced erythrocyte fragility (p < 0.001) and increased lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001) in rat erythrocytes. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in plasma scavenging (p < 0.001), SOD (p < 0.001), CAT (p < 0.01) and GPx (p < 0.001) activities in erythrocytes of ethanol-treated animals. Although VC or VE alone restored all of ethanol-induced disturbances to near normal (p > 0.05) but there were still significant differences compared to control animals. Combination therapy completely corrected ethanol-induced erythrocyte fragility, lipid peroxidation and prooxidant/antioxidant imbalance. We showed the beneficial effects of VC and VE combination in decreasing erythrocyte fragility and lipid peroxidation in both ethanol and control groups. Therefore this combination treatment may provide a new potential alternative for prevention of ethanol toxicity which deserves consideration and further examination.

A review of the factors that influence erythrocyte osmotic fragility

Erythrocyte osmotic fragility is a laboratory test which evaluates the stability of the erythrocyte membrane to osmotic stress. The aim of this review is to highlight research findings on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence erythrocyte osmotic fragility. The extrinsic factors include the type, ionic strength and pH of incubation media, type of anticoagulant and storage time of the blood, ambient temperature, drugs, medicinal plant extracts, xenobiotics, chemical agents; whereas intrinsic factors are age, sex, breed, species, pregnancy, lactation and genetic factors. Membrane composition, ion transports, aquaporin action, lipid peroxidation, and eryptosis of erythrocytes are involved in the variability of osmotic fragility. Increased osmotic fragility and improved osmotic stability of erythrocytes are pathophysiological phenomena that require appropriate interpretation in research or clinical investigation and the understanding of the factors affecting osmotic fragility will aid in the laboratory assessment of conditions related to erythrocytes where erythrocyte osmotic fragility test is used. Keywords: Erythrocyte, Extrinsic factors, Intrinsic factors, Osmotic fragility, Osmotic stability

The Effects of Swimming Training in Cold Water on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Erythrocytes of Male and Female Aged Rats.

The aim of this study was to verify whether eight-week-long swimming exercise training would evaluate the level of selected indicators of the pro-oxidant/antioxidant status in response to cold water in comparison with swimming under thermoneutral conditions in sedentary male and female elderly rats. The exercise-trained groups swam four min/day and five days a week during eight weeks of housing. Exercise was performed by swimming in glass tanks containing tap water maintained according to group at 5 °C and 36 °C. At the end of treatment (48 h after the last session), all rats were anaesthetized. The level of chosen biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity was determined in the red blood cells and plasma. The results of study show that female rats seem to be better adapted to changing thermal conditions of the environment, developing not only morphological, but also antioxidant, defense mechanisms, mainly in the form of increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) concentration to restore the pro-oxidant/oxidant balance of the organism. Significantly higher concentrations of GSH were observed in the female rats of the group swimming in cold water (by 15.4% compared to the control group and by 20.5% in relation to the group of female rats swimming at 36 °C). In the group exposed to swimming training exercise in cold water, a significantly higher activity of SOD1 (by 13.4%) was found compared to the control group. On the other hand, the organs of ageing male rats show a reduced capacity to increase the metabolic response to low temperatures compared to female ones. In addition, it was demonstrated that cold exposure leads to an increase in lipid peroxidation in tissues. On the other hand, the repeated exposure to low levels of oxidative stress may result in some adaptive changes in organisms that help them to resist stress-induced damage.

Determination of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Safe Duration in Residential Population Around the Fertilizer Industry X in Indonesia

People who have lived more than 22 years in settlements around the fertilizer industry X are at risk of being exposed to SO2 from the increase in exhaust emissions produced by the boilers and power generation equipment in the fertilizer industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the Risk Quotient (RQ) due to exposure to SO2 and to measure the duration of exposure to SO2 that is safe in the residential area around the fertilizer industry X. This research is a quantitative study with an environmental health risk analysis method, with a sample size of 297 adult population respondents in residential areas around the center of SO2 emissions in the fertilizer industry X area. Data analysis was done using manual data calculations to determine the intake of SO2 (non carcinogenic), risk level or risk quotient (RQ), and safe duration (Dt safe) exposure to SO2 in the population around the fertilizer industry X. The results showed that the average non-carcinogenic intake of SO2 in settlements around the fertilizer industry X was at 0.057427415mg/kg/day. While the average risk quotient is 1.788347507 (RQ> 1), from a total of 297 respondents as many as 197 respondents with RQ> 1 and 100 respondents with RQ 50 of the population in settlements around the fertilizer industry X have health risks resulting from exposure to SO2. The average safe duration of exposure to SO2 in the population in settlements around the fertilizer industry X is 23.47 years, depending on the food intake and body condition of the respondents. The recommendation that can be given is to increase the weight of respondents and the right diet pattern by consuming nutritional intake that can detoxify the main toxin to reduce sulfur dioxide levels in the body, one example is the provision of vitamins E and C which can reduce oxidative effects such as lipid peroxidation and membrane damage in erythrocytes due to exposure to sulfur dioxide2. Besides that, a related stakeholder policy is needed to periodically measure SO2 concentrations in community residential areas around the fertilizer industry X, so that the air quality of people exposed to SO2 can be monitored and is still within safe limits. The company holds a CSR program involving the surrounding community by conducting routine health checks, greening programs around the fertilizer industrial area6. © 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

Surgery-Induced Changes in Erythrocyte and Plasma Lipid Peroxidation, Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants of Female Rats: Protective Role of Heparin and Pentoxifylline

Background: Intra abdominal adhesions are a complication that occurs after many abdominal surgical procedures, especially gynecological operations. These complications occur by irritating the peritoneum due to such circumstances as infection or surgical trauma, and are considered a pathological part of the healing process of peritoneal injury. It manifests itself with symptoms such as pain, intestinal or urethral obstruction and abdominal abscesses. Oxidative stress due to adhesions plays an important role on adhesion formation. In addition to many researches done at the point of prevention of adhesion and decreasing stress parameters, in this study, it was planned to determine the effect of Heparin (H) and Pentoxifylline (PTX) on malondialdehyde (MDA) and some antioxidant values.Materials, Methods &amp; Results: This study was performed on rats and thirty-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into four groups. The first group was sham (Sh) group (n = 7) and laparotomy was performed and 2 mL of 0.9 % NaCl was applied. For all other rats (n = 30) the small intestine was withdrawn and the uterus was uncovered and the anti mesenteric surfaces of the left uterine horn and left abdominal wall were superficially tilted until slight bleeding was seen. Lesion areas have been covered. Two mL 0.9 % NaCl to control (C) group (n = 10), 500 IU heparin to group H, and 25 mg / kg Pentoxifylline to group PTX (n = 10) have been given and then the abdominal incision was closed. The adhesion score of group Sh was found to be more important than C and PTX groups (P &lt; 0.05). The adhesion score of group C was determined to be more significant than group H (P &lt; 0.05). In group Sh, erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were found to be more significant (P &lt; 0.01) than C, H and PTX groups whereas it was found that group C was more significant than group H (P &lt; 0.01). In group Sh, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was found to be more significant (P &lt; 0.05) than H and PTX groups, while MDA level was found to be lower and more significant (P &lt; 0.01) than group C. In addition, group C was found to be higher and more significant (P &lt; 0.01) than group H. Plasma vitamin E levels in Sh, H and PTX groups were found to be higher and more significant (P &lt; 0.01) than group C. It is also observed that MDA levels in group C are higher and more significant (P &lt; 0.01) than all groups. Nitric oxide (NO) level in Sh group was found to be lower and more significant (P &lt; 0.05) than the other groups whereas it is determined that NO level in H group is higher and more significant (P &lt; 0.05) than group C. Activites of erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the levels of plasma vitamin A and β-carotene were not important in all groups.Discussion: Intra abdominal adhesions that occur due to operations performed in the abdominal region still remain as a major problem. This adhesion brings certain problems with itself. Various applications have been made to reduce these problems. In this study, it was observed that inhibition of heparin and pentoxifylline adhesions contributed to the reduction of MDA levels and the reduction of oxidative damage due to the increase in levels of Vitamin E, GSH, GSH-Px and NO levels. In conclusion, it is suggested that heparin and pentoxifylline should be used to prevent adhesions due to abdominal operations and to reduce oxidative damage.

Quantum-chemical modeling of the electronic structure of quercetin and inhibition by quercetin and quercetin–hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex of lipid peroxidation in mitochondria and red blood cells of rats

Quercetin (3,3ʹ,4ʹ,5,7-pentahydroxyflavon), one of the most common and studied flavonoids, possesses the antioxidant activity and demonstrates the pronounced therapeutic potential under a number of pathological conditions. The purpose of this work is to estimate the electronic structure of the quercetin and its semi-quinone radical molecules and to compare the antioxidant activities of quercetin and its inclusion complex with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Generation of maps of the electron density distribution in quercetin and quercetin semi-quinone radical molecules showed that the active electron orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) are delocalized over all phenolic rings providing the radical stabilization. We have showed that quercetin prevents the tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes (IC50= 25 ± 3 μM) and mitochondrial membranes (IC50= 31 ± 4 μM). The efficiency of quercetin inhibition the reduced glutathione oxidation in erythrocytes and mitochondria is much lower reflecting the lipophilicity of polyphenol. Quercetin also prevented the hypochlorite-induced lysis of red blood cells (IC50= 3 ± 0.5 μM). Our data revealed that the quercetin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodex-trin complex is more effective inhibitor of the membrane lipids peroxidation and glutathione oxidation processes.

Evaluation and correlation of oxidative stress and haemato-biochemical observations in horses with natural patent and latent trypanosomosis in Punjab state of India.

The haemato-biochemical indices and oxidative stress markers in horses naturally infected with Trypanosoma evansi were evaluated by analyzing the level of these parameters between T. evansi infected (microscopically positive patent group and PCR positive latent group) and infection free horses. To compare the hemato-biochemical indices and oxidative stress indicators, horses were divided into three categories based on diagnostic test employed and positive results obtained. These included Romanowsky stained slide positive group (Group I; n = 6), PCR positive group (group II; n = 28) and negative control group (group III, n = 30), revealing parasitologically positive patent, molecular positive latent and disease free status of horses. A significant reductions in total erythrocytes count (TEC, P = 0.01), haemoglobin (Hb, P = 0.01) and packed cell volume (PCV, P = 0.04) was noticed both in group I and group II while significant neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia was observed in group I when compared to negative control group. Substantial increase in creatinine (CRTN, P = 0.032) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT, P = 0.012) in group I while significant decrease in glucose (GLU, P = 0.04) and iron (Fe, P = 0.01) were noticed in both group I and group II in comparison to group III. A significant difference in lipid peroxides (LPO, P = 0.01) with highest level in patent group I (15.33 ± 0.53) followed by PCR positive latent group (14.09 ± 1.66) indicates higher lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and oxidative stress in decreasing order when compared with infection free control horses (9.83 ± 0.97). Catalase (CAT, P = 0.01) was significantly lower in parasitological (0.82 ± 0.14) and molecular positive cases (1.27 ± 0.35) in comparison to control group (3.43 ± 0.96). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD, P = 0.01), reduced glutathione (GSH, P = 0.01) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, P = 0.01) were significantly lower in parasito-molecular positive cases as compared to infection free control horses. An inverse correlation of RBC count with LPO and GSH and a direct correlation with catalase, SOD and FRAP was revealed. Overall, the observed substantial decreases in the oxidative parameters like catalase CAT, SOD, GSH and FRAP activities with remarkably elevated levels of LPO indicate high exposure of erythrocytes to oxidative damage in T.evansi infected horses.

Effects of Carbon Chain Length on the Perfluoroalkyl Acids-Induced Oxidative Stress of Erythrocytes in Vitro

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been found extensively in wildlife and human bodies by sources of drinking water and food. In this study, we investigated the effects of three PFAAs, perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), on the antioxidative defense system and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes separately. The results demonstrated that they could lead to significant decline trends in the glutathione (GSH) levels together with increases of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, suggesting that three PFAAs induced oxidative stress to erythrocytes. Also PFDA with a longer carbon chain length posed more of a threat than other two PFAAs. Furthermore, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were also altered in the presence of PFAAs upon erythrocytes. The changes of oxidative stress markers and the concomitant alterations of antioxidant enzymes suggest the role of oxidative stress in PFAA-induced damage upon erythrocytes.

Investigation of Serum, Leukocyte and Erythrocyte Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Defence Systems in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

AbstractBackground &amp;amp; objectives: In the present study, to evaluate oxidative stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM), serum, leukocyte and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation and and erythrocyte and leukocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and serum and leukocyte vitamin C levels of patients and healthy controls were investigated in order to determine the effect of free radicals in these patients. Lipid peroxidation was measured in terms of malondialdehyde which is an end product of peroxidation.Methods: Patients consisted of 34 cases (20 female,14 male) aged 3-27 years and controls consisted of 29 subjects (13 female, 16 male) aged 3-18 years.Results: There was at least, a tentency toward an increase in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in antioxidant systems in children and adolescents with IDDM which is corrected by insülin treatment. Additionally, there was no correlation between the above parameters and HbA1c and glucose levels.Conclusions: These disturbances were concluded to be due to some other factors rather then diabetes itself.

Alterations in Zeta Potential and Osmotic Fragility of Red Blood Cells in Hyperglycemic Conditions

The zeta potential is an electrokinetic property of red blood cells surface and in different disease conditions this property of the erythrocytes varies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the alteration in zeta potential, lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in hyperglycemic conditions. The zeta potential of the RBCs was measured using Zeta meter System 4.0. Lipid peroxidation, an indicator of tissue injury induced by reactive oxygen species was measured by the thiobarbituric acid assay (TBA). The percent haemolysis in terms of osmotic fragility was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (JASCO). The mean erythrocytic ZP of the control group was found to be 22.13±0.2789 mV whereas, erythrocytic ZP for diabetes mellitus patients was found to be 8.559±0.4864 mV. Similarly, when erythrocytic ZP of control pregnant women was measured, and it was found to be 21.07±0.3393 mV which were slightly lower than a control group. Mean ZP of GDM patients was found to be 10.12±0.2294 mV which was significantly less than both control group and pregnant control group. Variations in zeta potential values were accompanied by increased osmotic fragility of RBCs. It was also observed from determination of lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes, that there was formation of higher concentration of malondialdehyde with the erythrocytes of hyperglycemic patients compared to control group. The findings suggest that the zeta potential value of erythrocytes can act as a key indicator for demonstration of increased oxidative stress.

Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Erythrocyte of Dog Infested with Demodex canis

The study was conducted on fifteen dogs (n = 8 demodicosis, n = 7 healthy) brought to Veterinary Clinics, Bihar Veterinary College Clinics to determine Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in erythrocyte of Demodex canis infested dog. Activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration were estimated in erythrocytes of dogs. Activity of CAT, SOD and TBARS concentration were higher in infected dogs than healthy dogs while and GSH concentration was higher in healthy dog than infected dogs. The results of the present study suggest that Demodex canis infestation cause oxidative stress in erythrocyte of dogs. Keywords: Demodex, SOD, GSH, Antioxidant, CAT Cite this Article Ajeet Kumar, Anil Gattani, Singh GD., et al. Antioxidant Status and Lipid Peroxidation in Erythrocyte of Dog Infested with Demodex canis. Research & Reviews: Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology (RRJoVST). 2015; 4(2): 1–3p.

Effect of scuba diving on the oxidant/antioxidant status, SIRT1 and SIRT3 expression in recreational divers after a winter nondive period

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of scuba diving on oxidative damage markers in erythrocytes and plasma, antioxidant system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) gene expressions in recreational divers after a winter nondive period (at least 5 months). For that purpose, 17 male recreational divers performed an immersion at a depth of 30 m for 30 min. Blood samples were collected immediately before and after diving, 3 and 6 h after diving. Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation measured by thiobarbituric-reactive substances (TBARS) method was significantly increased immediately after diving, but returned to the baseline 6 h after diving, while no significant change was found for plasma TBARS and protein carbonyl derivates in both plasma and erythrocytes. Diving-induced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and consequently total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the PBMC samples (significantly increased immediately after diving, reached the maximum activities 3 h after diving, while 6 h after diving only CAT activity remained significantly increased). No significant change was observed for SOD1 activity and gene expression, as well as SOD2 expression, while CAT and SIRT1 expressions were slightly decreased immediately after diving and 3 h after diving. Interestingly, SIRT3 expression was significantly increased 6 h after diving. In conclusion, after the first dive to 30 m after a nondive season, activation of antioxidant defence was not sufficient to prevent oxidative damage, while SIRT3 upregulation could be a step towards an adaptive response to the diving.

Erythrocytic Oxidative Stress and Haemato-biochemical Changes in Cattle, Affected with Bovine Tropical Theileriosis

Bovine Tropical Theileriosis (BTT) is caused by blood protozoa Theileria annulata in cattle, which causes high mortality among the animals and impacts huge economic losses to the farmers. It decreases the milk yield and impairs reproductive performances. Measurement of erythrocytic oxidative stress is a need of hour for effective treatment and management of this disease now a day. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of cattle infected with the intra erythrocytic protozoa results in increased fragility and membrane lysis of erythrocytes which is the major concern of this study. A group of 10 cattle affected with bovine tropical theileriosis were taken as Group II along with another 10 animals (apparently healthy animal) as Group I. The erythrocytic oxidative stress indices along with the haemato-biochemical parameters were measured for both the groups. It was found that there was significant increase (p