Lipid Peroxidation Processes Research Articles

Effect of a novel thiazole derivative and its complexes with polymeric carriers on the processes of lipid peroxidation in lymphoma cells

Background. Many types of tumors are sensitive to changes in prooxidant-antioxidant balance. Thus, further studies on reactive oxygen species inducing antitumor drugs that generate oxidative stress-dependent cytotoxic effects are promising. Our previous works showed that thiazole derivatives in combination with polymeric carriers have a pronounced cytotoxic effect on tumor, while not being cytotoxic against pseudo-normal cells in vitro. It was found that thiazole derivatives in complex with PEG-based polymeric carriers affected the antioxidant system of lymphoma cells in vitro. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro effect of the complex of thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1) in combination with polymeric carriers poly(VEP-co-GMA)-graft-mPEG (Th1), poly(PEGMA) (Th3) and poly(PEGMA-co-DMM) (Th5) on the level of lipid peroxidation products in NK/Ly cells. Materials and Methods. The experiments were conducted on white wild-type male mice with a grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. Ascites tumor cells were inoculated into mice intraperitoneally. Abdominal drainage with ascites of anesthetized mice was performed with a sterile syringe on the 7th–10th days after inoculation. Investigated compounds BF1, polymeric carriers Th1, Th3, Th5 and combination of BF1 + Th1 (Th2), BF1 + Th3 (Th4) and BF1 + Th5 (Th6) at a final concentration of 10 μM were added to the lymphoma samples and incubated for 10 minutes. The level of lipid peroxidation products, such as lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-positive products) were determined according to the techniques described below. Results. All applied complexes based on thiazole derivative BF1 and PEG-based polymeric carriers at a concentration of 10 μM increased the activity of lipid hydroperoxi­des in the lymphoma cells by 29–36% compared to control. Complexes Th2 and Th6 increased the significance of BF1 influence on lymphoma cells from P <0.05 to P <0.01. Among all of the studied complexes, Th4 and Th6 significantly increased the level of TBA-positive products, while Th2 and BF1 did not change the content of the secondary products of lipid peroxidation. None of the unconjugated polymeric carriers affected the level of lipid peroxidation products. Conclusions. Thus, based on the results of this work, thiazole derivative BF1 in complex with polymeric carriers increases the level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in lymphoma cells. Polymeric carriers enhanced the effect of thiazole derivative on the studied parameters, so complexes of thiazole derivatives and PEG-containing polymeric carriers should be taken into consideration and further investigated as potential antitumor agents.

Effect of phycocyanin on expression of malondialdehyde and interferon-γ placental trophoblast cells models of preeclampsia rats

Preeclampsia is a "disease of theory" because of the cause and pathophysiology of preeclampsia is still uncertain. In preeclampsia invasion of trophoblast cells does not occur completely, the spiral arteries not undergo remodeling so it still has a component of muscle and elastic tissue, in addition to endothelial dysfunction characterized by reduced relaxation factor and increased contraction factor resulting in ischemia of the placenta by The end result of hypoxia, hypoxia is the condition that causes the production of free radicals in large quantities. Free radicals can damage all the cellular biochemical components of lipids by taking lipid electrons in a cell membrane called lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation process produces several products including Malondialdehyde (MDA) also mediate proinflammatory cytokines such expenditure Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ). In this study, researchers took the form of placental tissue paraffin blocks which have been made, on each of the paraffin block containing a number of 6 groups of placental tissue (30 blocks of paraffin). The method used is double staining with the reading of 3 field trophoblast cells with 200x magnification. On examination Malondialdehyde done by TBARS and analyzed by immunoflourence by staining rhodamine and DAPI, while on inspection of IFN-γ of the preparations that has been staining with antibodies PE anti-rat IFN-γ, and DAPI were analyzed using immunoflourence, then interpreted using software imunoflow. Provision of Phycocyanin in this study proved to reduce levels of MDA and Interferon-γ. Phycocyanin dose 40 ng / 100 gramss BB which has an effective dose decreases MDA and Interferon-γ levels, Because of phycocyanin has a role as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. In giving of Phycocyanin which in large doses can trigger an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. Further research is needed on the protective effect of Phycocyanin on human placental tissue.

GPX4: old lessons, new features.

GPX4 is a selenocysteine-containing protein that plays an essential role in repairing peroxidised phospholipids. Its role in organismal homeostasis has been known for decades, and it has been reported to play a pivotal role in cell survival and mammalian embryonic development. In recent years, GPX4 has been associated with a cell death modality dubbed ferroptosis. The framing of this molecular pathway of cell death was essential for understanding the conditions that determine GPX4 dependency and ultimately to the process of lipid peroxidation. Since its discovery, ferroptosis has been gaining momentum as a promising target for yet-incurable diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Given the current interest, in the present review, we provide newcomers in the field with an overview of the biology of GPX4 and cover some of its most recent discoveries.

Correction of the degree of endogenic intoxication and lipoproxidation processes by the infusion drug (rheoambrasol) with experimental hypoxia, induced by sodium nitrite

Rationale (relevance): Almost all known diseases, as a rule, are accompanied by a hypoxic state associated primarily with oxygen deficiency and impaired energy metabolism, which cause damage to the structure and functioning of organs and cells. Using a complex of a polysaccharide with a bioenergetic substrate, a blood-substituting infusion drug"Rheoambrasol" has been developed, which is able to protect cells from free radical oxidation and restore disturbed energy metabolism in cells during hypoxia. Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of correction of the hypoxia-inducible factor - HIF-1α, endogenous intoxication, the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the liver during experimental nitrite hypoxia with the new blood-substituting infusion drug "Rheoambrasol". Material and methods. The setting of the experimental hypoxia model was carried out in outbred male rats weighing 185 ± 10.2 g by administering sodium nitrite at a dose of 90 mg / kg. In the blood plasma of experimental animals, the content of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), indicators of endogenous intoxication, the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes systems (AOS) were determined in the liver.

Antioxidant activity of petunias with the heterologous ribonuclease ZRNase II gene infected with tobacco mosaic virus

Background. Constant changes in environmental conditions cause the development of stress reactions in plants. Under conditions of moderate intensity and temporary action of the stress factor, the strengthening of protective systems and the mobilization of energy resources take place. However, if the stress factor has a long-term effect, the cells begin the processes of lipid peroxidation (LPO), inhibition of energy production and reduction of protein synthesis with its subsequent destruction. Under conditions of excessive stress, there is a balance between antioxidant activity (AOA) and LPO, which is necessary to maintain normal cell function. Oxidation intermediates can serve as inducers and mediators of stress. Phytovirus infection can lead to pathological changes in the body of a plant. The progression of the infectious process in the body of the affected plant is associated with stress reactions and disruption of its normal viability. Objective. We are aimed to assess the degree of progress of stress reactions caused by biotic stressors in control and transgenic (with ZRNase II gene) petunia plants. Methods. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was used to infect petunia plants. The degree of progress of stress reactions in transgenic petunia plants with the ZRNase II gene before and after infection with TMV was studied by POL and AOA indicators. Two genetically distinct lines of petunia (M1 and P5) were used to obtained transgenic plants. To assess the progress of LPO, the accumulation of initial and final products (diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde) was determined. Results. After the plants transformation, changes in the content of LPO products in leaf tissues were observed. Transgenic plants had a 10–15% higher content of LPO products, which may indicate that the transformation, in some cases, can lead to the progress of stress reactions in plants. Infection with TMV has contributed to the intensification of processes related to the protection of plants from the effects of negative factors. Studies of total AOA have shown that transgenic plants after infection had significantly higher levels (18–30%) of AOA compared with controls, which may be evidence of their increased viability under stress. Conclusions. The positional effect of T-DNA incorporation in genetic transformation may be a stressor for the plant. Transgenic lines differ in terms of LPO and AOA from non-transgenic lines and from each other. After infection with TMV, a 4-fold decrease in AOA was observed in the plants. Effective expression of the ZRNase II gene helps to reduce viral load in certain lines. Lines M1.2 and P5.3 are of greatest interest for further virological studies, as their AOA activity was 18–30% higher than in control plants, which may indicate resistance to viral infection.

Dynamics of the lipoperoxidation process in the oral fluid of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with the complex application of laser therapy and interval hypoxic training

The performed research is devoted to the study of lipid peroxidation processes in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis under the conditions of the course application of infrared laser therapy and normobaric interval hypoxic training. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the development of inflammatory destructive processes in periodontal tissues closely correlates with manifestations of oxidative stress, which develops as a result of an imbalance in the pro-oxidants-antioxidants system. Supplementing the standard therapy of chronic generalized periodontitis with the course use of physiotherapeutic factors in the mono-influence mode is accompanied by an increase in the potential of the antioxidant protection of the oral cavity. The complex use of physiofactors contributes to an increase in the activity of the antioxidant system, realized through the mechanisms of functional potentiation. The close relationship revealed between lipid peroxidation products and index characteristics of dental status, reflecting the pathogenetic role of pro-oxidant factors in the development of chronic generalized periodontitis, allows us to consider biomarkers of peroxide metabolism and the antioxidant protection coefficient as criteria for the effectiveness of the treatment.

INTERPLAY BETWEEN PARAMETERS OF THE HAEMOSTATIC SYSTEM AND URINE FORMATION IN RATS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL MERCURY INTOXICATION. PREVENTIVE OPTIONS

We have explored the effects of melatonin on the interplay between parameters of the haemostatic system and the disruption in basic processes of urine formation under chronic sublimate intoxication. The prophylactic administration of melatonin was performed at a dose of 5 mg/kg along with the intragastric administration of mercury chloride at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg for two months. The use of melatonin helped reduce the Impairment in vascular-platelet and coagulation haemostasis and in the activity of the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems, and contributed to the reduction in thrombinaemia. Observed changes correlated with the restoration of urine formation and lipid peroxidation processes and of the activity of antioxidant blood enzymes. The results of the study suggest that melatonin can be recommended for further studies aimed at developing tools for correcting haemostasis associated with exposure to heavy metal compounds.

Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of New Catechol Thioethers with the Methylene Linker.

Novel catechol thio-ethers with different heterocyclic substituents at sulfur atom were prepared by reacting 3,5-di-tert-butyl-6-methoxymethylcatechol with functionalized thiols under acidic conditions. A common feature of compounds is a methylene bridge between the catechol ring and thioether group. Two catechols with the thio-ether group, bound directly to the catechol ring, were also considered to assess the effect of the methylene linker on the antioxidant properties. The crystal structures of thio-ethers with benzo-thiazole moieties were established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The radical scavenging and antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical test, ABTS∙+, CUPRAC (TEAC) assays, the reaction with superoxide radical anion generated by xanthine oxidase (NBT assay), the oxidative damage of the DNA, and the process of lipid peroxidation of rat liver (Wistar) homogenates in vitro. Most catechol-thioethers exhibit the antioxidant effect, which varies from mild to moderate depending on the model system. The dual anti/prooxidant activity characterizes compounds with adamantyl or thio-phenol substituent at the sulfur atom. Catechol thio-ethers containing heterocyclic groups (thiazole, thiazoline, benzo-thiazole, benzo-xazole) can be considered effective antioxidants with cytoprotective properties. These compounds can protect molecules of DNA and lipids from the different radical species.

Metabolism of carbohydrates and activity of the antioxidant system in mosses on a post-technogenic salinized territory

Adaptive physiological and biochemical reactions of mosses Didymodon rigidulus Hedw., Barbula unguiculata Hedw. and Brachythecium campestre (Müll. Hal.) Schimp. to salt stress have been investigated from the territory of the tailings storage of the Stebnyk Mining and Chemical Enterprise “Polymineral” (Lviv region, Ukraine). The peculiarities of carbohydrate metabolism in mosses under salinity conditions have been studied. The content of soluble carbohydrates and proline, the antioxidant activity, the content of ascorbate and reduced glutathione as well as the activity of enzymes of their metabolism – ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase at the initial stages of the stress (salt shock) and prolonged stress exposure (salt stress) have been evaluated. It has been found that the increase of α-amylase activity, enhancement of the hydrolysis of starch and the increase of the concentration of soluble carbohydrates under salt stress were the reactions of the studied species of mosses. It has been established that there was an increase in the concentration of soluble carbohydrates by 1.2–1.5 times in moss shoots under salinity conditions, compared with plants from the background area (vicinity of Stebnyk). Experimental studies have shown that under salinity conditions sucrose dominates in the pool of soluble carbohydrates (59.0–79.5% of the total sugars content). The sucrose content was 1.5–2.0 times higher in the plants B. unguiculata and D. rigidulus from the highly saline area of the tailings storage. It has been indicated that under stress conditions constitutive adaptive mechanisms are more expressed in resistant moss species, and plants with a lower level of resistance adapt to the stressor, mainly due to induced protective systems. Experimental studies have shown that plants B. unguiculata and D. rigidulus, which are resistant to abiotic stressors, have a high constitutive pool of soluble carbohydrates both at the beginning of the experiment and under prolonged exposure of the salt stress. In the shoots of the sensitive moss B. campestre the stress-induced character of the sugars accumulation has been revealed. The accumulation of proline in mosses cells under salt stress depended on their species characteristics. The stress-induced accumulation of proline can be considered as a part of the bryophytes’ protective system, but this osmolyte does not play a key role in the formation of the mosses’ resistance to salt stress. Obviously, soluble carbohydrates are the main osmolytes in the moss cells. It has been found that resistant moss species have a high constitutive antioxidant status, while in the sensitive moss B. campestre the increase in the antioxidant activity occurred during prolonged salt stress, which may indicate its induced nature. It has been shown that the resistant mosses B. unguiculata and D. rigidulus have 3–4 times higher levels of glutathione and ascorbate content and 1.6–2.5 times higher activity of enzymes of their metabolism – glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase, compared to plants of the less tolerant moss species B. campestre, which provided reduction of the lipid peroxidation process in plasma membranes and decreased the content of TBA-active products under stress.

Changes of breath volatile organic compounds in healthy volunteers following segmental and inhalation endotoxin challenge

It is still unclear how airway inflammation affects the breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile in exhaled air. We therefore analyzed breath following well-defined pulmonary endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) challenges. Breath was collected from ten healthy non-smoking subjects at eight time points before and after segmental and whole lung LPS inhalation challenge. Four Tenax-TA® adsorption tubes were simultaneously loaded from an aluminum reservoir cylinder and independently analyzed by two research groups using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry. Airway inflammation was assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and in sputum after segmental and inhaled LPS challenge, respectively. Segmental LPS challenge significantly increased the median (interquartile range, IQR) percentage of neutrophils in BAL from 3.0 (4.2) % to 64.0 (7.3) %. The inhalation challenge increased sputum neutrophils from 33.9 (26.8) % to 78.3 (13.5) %. We observed increases in breath aldehydes at both time points after segmental and inhaled LPS challenge. These results were confirmed by an independent laboratory. The longitudinal breath analysis also revealed distinct VOC patterns related to environmental exposures, clinical procedures, and to metabolic changes after food intake. Changes in breath aldehydes suggest a relationship to LPS induced inflammation compatible with lipid peroxidation processes within the lung. Findings from our longitudinal data highlight the need for future studies to better consider the potential impact of the multiple VOCs from detergents, hygiene or lifestyle products a subject is continuously exposed to. We suspect that this very individual ‘owncloud’ exposure is contributing to an increased variability of breath aldehydes, which might limit a use as inflammatory markers in daily clinical practice.

BIOACTIVITIES OF SELECTED EDIBLE FRUITS OF WESTERN GHATS REGION OF KARNATAKA

Medicinal plants are well known for their therapeutic potential. The present study explored some of the selected medicinal plants for their bioactive potential. Fruits of selected plants were evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. These plants extract were also subjected for the determination of functional groups present. All the test extracts showed good antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Methanolic extract of Bridelia scandens fruit was found to be more potent in inhibiting all the test cultures used, with a better zone of inhibition. It also revealed to possess stronger antioxidant ability by scavenging 87.62 % of DPPH radicals, 80.12 % of superoxide radical and by inhibiting 77.27% of lipid peroxidation process compared to other test extracts. FTIR studies of these species have shown the common and uncommon functional groups. Fruits of Bridelia scandens appeared to be a promising source compared to other test plants in the further isolation of bioactive compounds for determining bioactivities.

Pathophysiological disorders in iron metabolism in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are one of the major public health problems in the 21st century due to their prevalence. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, chronic inflammation and anemia are non-communicable diseases accompanying obesity. With obesity, there is a violation of iron metabolism, iron deficiency, which further contributes to the development of metabolic disorders. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, and its bioavailability is reduced due to the formation of insoluble oxides, while iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder. Iron metabolism in the body is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species involved in lipid peroxidation processes. Iron metabolism in the human body is regulated at all levels; dysregulation of any stage of metabolism can lead to iron deficiency and the development of anemia associated with obesity. This review article summarizes data on molecular and cellular abnormalities in iron metabolism in obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to study, according to the literature, pathophysiological disorders in iron metabolism in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In the future, more research is required to study iron metabolism in obesity with the aim of their preventive and therapeutic effects. The role of oxidative stress in impaired iron metabolism in obesity has not been fully studied, while iron deficiency enhances lipid peroxidation processes in antioxidant deficiency. Under these conditions, oxidative stress can damage cells and destroy red blood cells. The question arises whether the restoration of iron homeostasis in obesity can improve metabolic, inflammatory disorders and reduce the manifestation of oxidative stress, becoming a new innovative approach to the treatment of concomitant metabolic diseases associated with obesity.

Effect of gliprolines on lipid peroxidation rate in male rats’ immunocompetent organs under conditions of information stress

Introduction. The study of various aspects of the stress-reactivity of the body’s immune system, along with the search for correction tools characterized by immunoregulatory properties, is one of the most relevant areas of physiology and pharmacology. Currently, neuropeptides belonging to the group of glурrоlins (the registered drug “sеlаnk” and the new compounds Рro-Glу-Рro-Leu and Рro-Glу-Рro) are of particular interest in practical application as promising bioregulators, in particular their effects on the processes of free radical oxidation, as well as the ability to restore changes from the immune system, including those formed in response to stress.The aim of the study: was to study the effect of glурrоlins on the intensity of lipid peroxidation, catalase activity in the spleen and thymus of male rats under experimental information stress.Material and methods. The study was performed on white nonlinear male rats on which the model of information stress, based on the formation of behavior in animals in a multi-alternative food-producing maze, was reproduced for 20 days. The initial content of malondialdehyde, the rate of spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation were determined by standard spectrophotometric methods, and the activity of catalase in the homogenate of the thymus and spleen of experimental animals was evaluated.Results. Under the studied stress conditions, an increase in peroxidation processes was noted. Against the background of the introduction of sеlаnk, Рro-Glу-Рro and Рro-Glу-Рro-Leu, the suppression of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the homogenates of the spleen and thymus tissue of male rats was established (a decrease in the initial level, the rate of spontaneous and ascorbate-dependent lipid peroxidation).Conclusions. Injection of neuropeptides belonging to the group of glyprolins (sеlаnk, Рro-Glу-Рro-Leu and Рro-Glу-Рro) under informational stress conditions contributes to the suppression of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, which indicates the stress-protective and immunocorrective effect of the studied substances.

Impacts of Gum Arabic and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with Salicylic Acid on Peach Fruit (Prunus persica) Shelf Life.

Peaches are grown in many Egyptian orchards for local and global fresh market sales. The interior fruit tissue breakdown (IFTB), often resulting in decayed peaches, is a severe problem during marketing. Therefore, to minimize FTB of peaches, in this study, gum arabic (GA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were mixed with different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 1, and 2 mM) and were applied as edible coating to extend the shelf life of peach fruits. Mature peaches were selected and harvested when peaches reached total soluble solid content (SSC: 8.5%) and fruit firmness of about 47 N. Fruits were coated and stored at room temperature (26 ± 1 °C and air humidity 51 ± 1%) for 10 days during two seasons: 2020 and 2021. Fruit coated with GA/PVP-SA 2 mM showed a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition in degrading enzyme activities (CWDEs), such as lipoxygenase (LOX), cellulase (CEL), and pectinase (PT), compared to uncoated and coated fruits during the shelf-life period. Hence, cell wall compartments were maintained. Consequently, there was a reduction in browning symptoms in fruits by inhibiting polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities. Thus, the fruit skin browning index showed almost no symptoms. The lipid peroxidation process and ionic permeability declined as well. The result suggests that, by applying GA/PVP-SA 2 mM as an edible coating, fruit tissue breakdown can be minimized, and the shelf life of peach can be extended up to 10 days without symptoms of tissue breakdown.

Ferroptosis in plants: regulation of lipid peroxidation and redox status.

Regulated cell death (RCD) is an essential process that plays key roles along the plant life cycle. Unlike accidental cell death, which is an uncontrolled biological process, RCD involves integrated signaling cascades and precise molecular-mediated mechanisms that are triggered in response to specific exogenous or endogenous stimuli. Ferroptosis is a cell death pathway characterized by the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. Although first described in animals, ferroptosis in plants shares all the main core mechanisms observed for ferroptosis in other systems. In plants as in animals, oxidant and antioxidant systems outline the process of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis. In plants, cellular compartments such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and cytosol act cooperatively and coordinately to respond to changing redox environments. This particular context makes plants a unique model to study redox status regulation and cell death. In this review, we focus on our most recent understanding of the regulation of redox state and lipid peroxidation in plants and their role during ferroptosis.

Influence of Physiological Donor of Nitric Oxide on Blood Serum Crystallostasis in Rats

The aim of the work was to study the effect of intraperitoneal administration of dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione ligands on the initiated crystallogenesis of rat blood serum. The experiment was performed on 70 male Wistar rats divided into 7 equal groups. The first group of animals was intact (without any manipulation). Rats included in the other groups were administered intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml. 0.9% sodium chloride solution daily for 10 days. At the same time, animals of the third to sixth groups were additionally added to the injected solution with dinitrosyl iron complexes with glutathione ligands (the concentration of the agent was 0.15; 0.30; 0.45 and 0.60 mM, respectively). The rats of the seventh group received 1 ml. an aqueous solution of glutathione (0.15 mM). The study of the effect of DNIC on the crystallogenic properties of rat blood serum was carried out by the method of comparative tezioraphy using a special system of criteria. The data obtained as a result of this study indicate the presence of modification of the crystallogenic (initiating) properties of rat blood serum during the course intraperitoneal administration of a physiological donor of nitric oxide to animals – DNIC, and this effect turns out to be dose-dependent and having an extremum in the region of 0.3-0.45 mM. Taking into account the fact that the crystallogenic properties are a reflection of the component composition and one of the physico-chemical parameters of the biological fluid, it can be assumed that the metabolic response of the body to the use of the compound is also dose-dependent. At the same time, relatively low doses of the agent have the most optimal effect on metabolic processes, stimulating the antioxidant potential of blood serum with a corresponding decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, contributing to the optimization of energy metabolism and increasing the activity of detoxification enzyme systems. The results of the teziographic evaluation of animal blood serum samples after a course of injections of DNIC in various concentrations clearly indicate the activating effect of the compound with respect to the crystallogenic (initiating) properties of biological fluid, which is most pronounced when using the substance in 0.3- and 0.45-millimolar aqueous solutions.

Diagnostic markers of early metabolic disorders in workers of an oil-producing enterprise

The oil industry is a significant component of the industry of Bashkortostan. The complex of harmful factors for oil production workers includes industrial noise, vibration, exposure to harmful substances, the severity and intensity of work, unfavorable microclimate conditions. The researchers conditionally divide production factors of chemical nature into natural chemicals that are part of oil and associated gases (hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, mercaptans), and substances used to enhance oil recovery, preparation, transportation of oil and gas (reagents, acids, surfactants, methanol, welding aerosols). There is a role of changes in metabolic processes at the level of cells and subcellular structures in the development of pathological processes under the influence of harmful production factors in a number of studies. The study aims to substantiate the markers of early metabolic disorders in employees of an oil-producing enterprise. We conducted a study of metabolic processes in 340 oil production workers. The researchers represented the professional production groups by drillers (35.3%), operators of underground well repair (64.7%). The authors carried out characteristics of the factors of the working environment and the labor process of oil-producing industries in accordance with R 2.2.2006-05. The researchers also performed biochemical studies of the parameters of the lipid spectrum of blood serum, free radical processes and endogenous intoxication. The level of exposure to the average concentrations of the chemical factor at the workplaces of drillers and operators of underground well repair corresponds to classes 2-3.1. The influence of harmful production factors causes metabolic disorders in the body of oil production workers in the form of a violation of the lipid spectrum (an increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides), changes in the activity of cytolytic enzymes (GGT, AST, ALT), activation of lipid peroxidation processes, a decrease in catalase activity, an increase in the level of medium-molecular peptides in blood serum, which confirms the presence of endogenous intoxication syndrome in the examined workers. The impact of harmful production factors on the body of oil production workers causes metabolic disorders in the body and dictates the need for a complex of biochemical studies for the early diagnosis of prenosological processes and timely preventive measures.

Sirtuin 2 Alleviates Chronic Neuropathic Pain by Suppressing Ferroptosis in Rats.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is chronic and associated with poor effects of general analgesia. It affects patients’ health and quality of life. The apoptotic process of lipid peroxidation caused by iron overload is called ferroptosis, which may be associated with nervous system disease. A recent study has found that sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) achieves a neuroprotective effect by suppressing ferroptosis. Herein, we aimed to examine whether SIRT2 regulated spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced NP by suppressing ferroptosis in rats. A rat model of NP was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200–250 g. Mechanical allodynia was observed from the first day after SNI and continued for 14 days. Compared with age-matched control rats, the expression of SIRT2 and ferroportin 1 (FPN1) decreased in the L4-6 spinal cord of the SNI-induced NP rats. In addition, we observed that the levels of both iron and anti-acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) were significantly increased in the spinal cord after SNI, while the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) was decreased. Furthermore, an intrathecal injection of SIRT2 overexpressed recombinant adenovirus, which upregulated the expression of SIRT2, attenuated mechanical allodynia, enhanced the level of FPN1, inhibited intracellular iron accumulation, and reduced oxidant stress levels, thereby reversing the changes to ACSL4 and GPX4 expression in the SNI rats. This evidence suggests that SIRT2-targeted therapeutics may help relieve the symptoms of chronic NP.

Regulation of ACSL4-Catalyzed Lipid Peroxidation Process Resists Cisplatin Ototoxicity.

Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is one of the common side effects during its treatment and there are no effective measures to prevent it. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of ACSL4-catalyzed lipid peroxidation on cisplatin-induced hearing loss and its possible protective mechanisms. We used a variety of cisplatin ototoxicity models, including HEI-OC1 cell line, cochlear explants, and ET4 GFP+ zebrafish. After measuring the experimental concentrations of cisplatin by CCK8 assay and immunofluorescence, respectively, we examined the levels of lipid peroxidation by MDA content, 4-HNE content, and C11-BODIPY (581/591) probe. Then, we used two ferroptosis inhibitors, FER-1, and Vit-E to protect hair cells. We found that cisplatin significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and that this process can be resisted by the ferroptosis inhibitors. Afterwards, we performed metabolomic assays on the cisplatin-treated hair cells. The metabolite levels were significantly altered in the experimental group compared to the control group, and the highest degree of change was observed in the glutathione metabolic pathway and the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Therefore, we screened the key enzymes on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in the hair cells after cisplatin treatment and found that ACSL4 had the greatest regulatory value. Further, we reduced the level of lipid peroxide in hair cells by specifically inhibiting the expression of ACSL4, which protected hair cells from cisplatin damage at source. In conclusion, the lipid peroxidation process regulated by ACSL4 may be an important factor contributing to the sensitivity of hair cells to cisplatin. Inhibition of ACSL4 expression may be an effective preventive measure against cisplatin ototoxicity.

Changes of the oxidative stress indices in pathogenic bacterial cultures under the action of novel chemical compounds

Introduction. It is known that excessive formation of hydrogen peroxide in the microbial cultures under the action of chemical compounds with antibacterial effects is the first stage in the formation of oxidative stress. Thus, it became appropriate to conduct a study that would make it possible to control the level of oxidative stress induced by chemical compounds in cultures of pathogenic microorganisms.&#x0D; Material and methods. The objects of the in vitro study were Cu(II) coordination compounds; Co(II), Zn(II) and aromatic propenones synthesized a t the Department of Inorganic Chemistry of the State University of Moldova. Antimicrobial activity was tested on 5 reference strains. The level of oxidative stress was controlled using the hydrogen peroxide test, and the level of lipid peroxidation was determined indirectly by monitoring the product of peroxidation, namely the malondialdehyde.&#x0D; Results. Under the action of new chemical compounds with antimicrobial properties on reference cultures of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ГИСК 8035, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella sonnei ATCC 25931 and Salmonella enterica (Salmonella abony ГИСК 03/03y) in cultures that create a state of oxidative stress, confirmed by the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation products.&#x0D; Conclusions. Thus, the process of lipid peroxidation, which follows the pattern of chain reactions, is one of the reactions that lead to the death of cell culture. The level of hydrogen peroxide formed under the action of the tested compounds was also monitored.