Lipid Peroxidation Parameters Research Articles

Evaluation of Selected Parameters of Lipid Peroxidation and Paraoxonase Activity in Blood of Patients with Joint Osteoarthritis.

Oxidative stress constitutes an important risk factor for tissue/cell damage and is involved in the occurrence and progression of Osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Synovial Fluid (SF) and blood as well as the activity of serum and SF paraoxonase (PON1) of patients with OA. Our study aimed to assess local and systemic responses to oxidative stress. The study included 43 subjects with OA qualified to total joint replacement. The control group consisted of 58 subjects with no musculoskeletal disorders. The malondialdehyde level were measured in venous blood plasma, erythrocytes (MDAe) and Synovial Fluid (SF) while PON1 activities were estimated in serum and SF. No differences in MDA concentrations in erythrocytes and blood plasma between healthy subjects and OA patients were observed. The significant higher level of MDA in SF compared with blood serum was seen in both genders (in woman about 46.2%, in men - 75.0%) and in both assessed joints (in hip about 53.8%, in knee - 115.9%). Total protein concentration and PON1 activity in serum were significantly higher in OA patients (about 14.6% and 87.9% respectively). The systemic response to osteoarthritis (serum PON1 activity) was higher about 33.6% in men than women and not dependent on affected joint. The changes observed in osteoarthritic SF show that the process of antioxidant enzymatic defence is intensified locally, not systemically. The lipid hydroperoxides elimination may lead to restore joints homeostasis.

276 - Lipid peroxidation parameters in different stages of stress-reaction at the inherited stress-induced arterial hypertension rats

Chronic stress plays significant role in the development of arterial hypertension. So, the studies of the various regimes of stress factors influence on the blood biochemical parameters are important. The aim of this study was changes in the reactions of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense parameters evaluation in rats of the ISIAH line. The investigation design consisted of the biochemical parameters assessing at the stage before the stress action (10 rats), and at the various stages of the stress response: anxiety (20 rats) and (20 rats). The 3-hour single immobilization of the animal on the back model used. As a result of the analysis of the experimental data, an increase in the intensity of the antioxidant defense system in rats of the ISIAH line was shown in the form of an increase in the level of total antioxidant activity and superoxide dismutase activity at the stage of anxiety, followed by a decrease in the functioning of these factors in the resistance stage. This fact can be related to the dynamics of blood pressure, the values of which in animals changed depending on the post-stress stage. Elevated values of blood pressure in the stage of resistance probably contributed to the development of negative changes at the local level in the form of a decrease in the intensity of nonspecific reactions of the stress-limiting system of antioxidant defense.

306 - Lipid peroxidation parameters in Caucasian and Asian menopausal women

Aim The aim of our research is to assess lipid peroxidation parameters (conjugated dienes (CDs), malonic dialdehyde (MDA)) in Caucasian (ethnic group - Russian) and Asian (ethnic group - Buryat) peri- and postmenopausal women. Methods 146 menopausal women divided into Caucasian (n=82) and Asian (n=64) groups were examined. All women underwent clinical-anamnestic examination. Each ethnic group was divided into reproductive age, perimenopause and postmenopause subgroups. Material for study was serum blood and spectrofluorofotometric methods were used. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric tests with p Results The results of this research showed the higher CDs level in postmenopausal women and MDA level in perimenopausal Caucasian women than in reproductive age group (in 1.27 times and in 1.25 times respectively (р Conclusions Results of our research demonstrate that lipid peroxidation processes depend on the menopausal phase and ethnicity.

Взаємозв'язок між дозою тривалого активатора рецепторів еритропоетину та оксидативним стресом у хворих, які лікуються методом гемодіалізу

Наукові дані щодо дозозалежного впливу тривалого активатора рецепторів еритропоетину (ТАРЕ) на показники оксидативного стресу та перекисного окислення ліпідів мембран еритроцитів у хворих на хронічну хворобу нирок V, які лікуються гемодіалізом (ГД), є обмеженими.
 Метою нашої роботи було оцінити взаємозв’язок між застосованою дозою ТАРЕ та інтенсивністю оксидативних процесів у ГД пацієнтів. 
 Матеріал та методи. 38 ГД пацієнтів були включені до одномоментного обсерваційного дослідження. Протокол дослідження був схвалений локальною етичною комісією ДУ «Інститут нефрології НАМН України». Усі пацієнти надали письму інформовану згоду на участь у досліджені. Пацієнти були стратифіковані за квартилями (≤ 25% та ≥ 75%) відповідно до середньої дози ТАРЕ і розподілені наступним чином: I групу склали хворі, які отримували ТАРЕ більше 6 місяців у дозі ≤ 50 мкг/міс (n = 20), до II групи увійшли хворі, у яких доза ТАРЕ склала ≥ 125 мкг/міс (n = 18). Поряд із стандартними діагностичними методами досліджували концентрацію малонового діальдегіду у сироватці (МДА) й еритроцитах (MДAe), вміст у крові церулоплазміну (ЦП) та трансферину (ТР). Крім того, визначали загальну пероксидазну активність (ЗПА) у еритроцитах, проникність еритроцитарних мембран (ПЕМ), підрахували відсоток гемолізу.
 Результати. У ГД пацієнтів, які лікувались ТАРЕ у дозі ≥ 125 мкг/міс визначено підвищення концентрації ЦР (р = 0,007) та ТР (р = 0,0003), тоді як ЗПА була статистично значуще зниженою порівняно з ІІ групою (р = 0,02). Крім того, У пацієнтів І групи встановлено вищий відсоток гемолізу (р = 0,03) та ПЕМ (р ˂ 0,0001). Використовуючи модель пробіт-регресії, ми визначили дозозалежний вплив ТАРЕ на рівень ПЕМ: χ2 = 21; р ˂ 0,0001.
 Висновки. Таким чином, застосування ТАРЕ у дозі понад 125 мкг на місяць покращує антиоксидантний статус ГД хворих, але разом з тим, підвищує гемоліз еритроцитів та ПЕМ. Отримані нами дані потребують подальшого підтвердження.

Maternal suppplementation with conjugated linoleic acid reduce anxiety and lipid peroxidation in the offspring brain

BackgroundMaternal consumption of fatty acids can alter neuronal membrane function, synaptic connections, and protect the brain from alterations caused by disturbances such as lipid peroxidation and anxiety in the offspring. We aimed to investigate how the maternal consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) interferes in anxiety behavior of the offspring and cerebral lipid peroxidation. MethodsThree groups were formed: control (CG) - diet without CLA; CLA1 - diet containing 1% of CLA; and CLA3 - diet containing 3% of CLA. These diets were offered to the mothers from the 7th day of gestation until the end of lactation. The following behavioral tests were used: Elevated plus maze (EPM), Open Field (OF) and Light-dark Box (LDB). Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione were measured in the offspring's brains. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Holm–Sidak post-test or the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05). ResultsCLA1 and CLA3 showed higher number of entries in the open arms and time spent in the central area in EPM, they translocated and ambulated more in the clear area of the LDB and presented more rearing in the OF compared to CG (p < 0.05); moreover, they presented higher concentration of glutathione and lower MDA in brain tissue (p < 0.05). LimitationsWe evaluated the effect of maternal consumption of CLA on anxiety and lipid peroxidation in rats’ offspring, but a similar study should be performed in humans. ConclusionsMaternal intake of CLA induced a decrease in the parameters of anxiety and cerebral lipid peroxidation in the offspring.

Effects of Physalis peruviana and Lupinus albus on malondialdehyde, glutathione, cholesterol, vitamins and fatty acid levels in kidney and liver tissues of diabetic rats

In this study, the effects of goldenberry and lupin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters of liver and kidney tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Type II diabetes was produced in rats by the streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection. Albino rats were divided into four groups, each one containing 10 rats: non-diabetic control group, STZ-Diabetes type II group, STZ-Diabetes+goldenberry type II group, and STZ-Diabetes+lupin type II group. After one week from the injection, goldenberry and lupin were intraperitoneal injected to rats for 2 months. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, cholesterol, and fatty acid levels, which are signs of lipid peroxidation, were measured in these tissues. At the beginning and end of the study, postprandial blood glucose levels and weights of the rats were measured. In type II diabetes, malondialdehyde increased compared to the control group. Glutathione decreased in the other tissues and all of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups. In type II diabetes, liver cholesterol levels increased. Treatment with similar doses of goldenberry and lupin extracts significantly reduced postprandial hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and augmented antioxidant system. The results of the present study showed that the herb suspensions exerted anti-hyperglycemic effects and consequently may alleviative liver and kidney damage caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Endothelium functional state and evaluation of tissue hypoxia in patients at the moment of the transitorial ischemic attacks development

Purpose. To study microcirculatory, metabolic disturbances and the possibility of their correction in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) when used in the complex treatment of laser hemotherapy (LH). Material and methods. We studied the vasomotor function of the endothelium, the parameters of carbohydrate-energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the blood. Results. Endothelial dysfunction, increased lactate/ pyruvate ratio, increased LPO, low activity of superoxidedismutase were established. The complex treatment improves microcirculatory and metabolic parameters. Conclusions. It is recommended to include LH in the complex treatment of patients with TIA.

Melatonin Improves Lipid Profile and Ameliorates Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Dyslipidemia and oxidative modifications of lipid are frequently associated in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and considered the most important risk factors for cardiovascular events. Melatonin is a well-known potent antioxidant and has beneficial effect on lipid metabolism. the study was designed to evaluate if Melatonin could improve lipid profile and ameliorates lipid peroxidation. This single blind placebo controlled clinical study carried out on 41 patients with CKD who were randomized into two groups, control groups (n=20) those who received placebo cap and melatonin group those who received 5mg melatonin (n=21). Lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)] and parameters of lipid peroxidation [oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after 12 weeks of the treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, melatonin significantly increased HDL-C and decreased LDL-C compared to the initial value. The elevation in HDL-C and reduction in LDL-C were significantly different from that in placebo group. Also, both oxLDL and MDA levels significantly lowered by melatonin compared to the baseline and to the placebo group. Collectively, the results of our study showed that melatonin has advantageous effect on lipid profile and inhibit lipid peroxidation in patients with CKD.

The effects of colostrum on some biochemical parameters in the experimental intoxication of rats with paracetamol.

In the current study, the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effects of colostrum (COL) on acute organ injury caused by paracetamol (PAR) in rats were evaluated. Within the scope of this study, a 2-month-old male (150-200g) 70 Wistar Albino rat was used and a total of seven groups were designed. The first group (CNT) was maintained for control purposes. The second group (COL-1) was given COL for 1day, at a dose of 500mg/kg at 6-h intervals, and blood and tissue sampling was performed at 24h. The third group (COL-7) received COL for 7days, at a dose of 500mg/kg at 6-h intervals on day 1 and at a daily dose of 500mg/kg on the following days, and blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of seventh day. The fourth group (PAR-1) was administered with PAR at a dose of 1.0g/kgbw and was blood and tissue sampled at 24h. The fifth group (PAR-7) received PAR at a dose of 1.0g/kg bw on day 1 and was blood and tissue was removed at the end of day 7. The sixth group (PAR+COL-1) was administered with a combination of PAR (1g/kgbw) and COL (500mg/kg at 6-h intervals), and blood and tissue samples were collected at 24h. The seventh group (PAR+COL-7) received 1.0g/kg bw of PAR on day 1 and was given COL throughout the 7-day study period (at a dose of 500mg/kg at 6-h intervals on day 1 and at a daily dose of 500mg/kg on the following days). In the seventh group, blood and tissue samples were taken at the end of seventh day. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glucose, creatinine, triglyceride, total bilirubin, total protein and albumin levels/activities were analysed in the serum samples. The malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels/activities, known as oxidative stress parameters, were assayed for tissue homogenates and blood (erythrocytes/plasma); in addition, enzyme activities of GSH S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (CYTB5), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), NADPH-cytochrome P450 C reductase (CYTC) and glutathione (GSH) levels/activities defined as drug metabolising parameters were measured in liver homogenates. In result, it was determined that PAR caused significant alterations in some biochemical and lipid peroxidation parameters and the activities/levels of drug metabolising parameters in the liver and that COL normalised some of these parameters and reduced PAR-induced tissue damage.

Melatonin Improves Lipid Profile and Ameliorates Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Dyslipidemia and oxidative modifications of lipid are frequently associated in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and considered the most important risk factors for cardiovascular events. Melatonin is a well known potent antioxidant and has beneficial effect on lipid metabolism. the study was designed to evaluate if Melatonin could improve lipid profile and ameliorates lipid peroxidation. This single blind placebo controlled clinical study carried out on 41 patients with CKD who were randomized into two groups, control groups (n=20) those who received placebo cap and melatonin group those who received 5mg melatonin (n=21). Lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)] and parameters of lipid peroxidation [oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured before and after 12 weeks of the treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, melatonin significantly increased HDL-C and decreased LDL-C compared to the initial value. The elevation in HDL-C and reduction in LDL-C were significantly different from that in placebo group. Also both oxLDL and MDA levels significantly lowered by melatonin compared to the baseline and to the placebo group. Collectively, the results of our study showed that melatonin has advantageous effect on lipid profile and inhibit lipid peroxidation in patients with CKD.

Ameliorative effect of carvacrol against propiconazole-induced neurobehavioral toxicity in rats

Propiconazole (PCZ) is a triazole fungicide extensively used in agriculture. Carvacrol (CAR) is a naturally occurring phenolic monoterpene which has various biological and pharmacological effects. The present study was designed to investigate the neurobehavioral toxic effects of PCZ in albino rats and to evaluate the ameliorative role of CAR against such toxic effects. Sixty adult male rats were used in this investigation; they were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: control group, PCZ group, CAR group and PCZ + CAR group. PCZ (75 mg/kg) and/or CAR (50 mg/kg) were administered daily by oral gavage for 8 weeks. Behavioral investigation clearly demonstrated the negative impact of PCZ on psychological, motor and cognitive brain functions. Exposure to PCZ also adversely affected the measured oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation parameters in brain tissue. A significant decrease in activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in neural tissue was also observed in PCZ-exposed rats. Histopathological examination of the cerebrum, cerebellum, and hippocampus showed various histopathological lesions after exposure to PCZ which were confirmed by immunohistochemical examination. On the other hand, co-administration of CAR ameliorated most of the undesirable effects of PCZ.

Parameters of lipid peroxidation in tumors of the upper jaw.

e18097Background: There is a close relationship between the peroxidation activity parameters and the metabolic activity of the tumor, which is considered informative for assessing the effectiveness...

Studies on Ameliorative Effects of Polyphenolic Extract from Paullinia pinnata L. (Sapindaceae) on Carbon Tetrachloride - Induced Hepatotoxicity and Oxidative Stress: an in vivo Assessment

The current study investigates the effects of polyphenolic extract from the leaf of Paullinia pinnata against CCl4 – induced oxidative stress and liver damage in female albino rats. Thirty albino rats were randomly distributed into six groups (A-F). Rats in group A were given 1 ml normal saline orally to serve as control. The rats in groups B, C, D, E, and F were respectively induced intraperitoneally with single administration of 1 ml/kg body weight (b. wt) CCl4 dissolved in liquid paraffin (1:1). Thirty minutes after induction, the rats in the respective groups were orally treated with normal saline, 50 mg/kg b. wt. Silymarin, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg b. wt. polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata respectively, once daily for 7 days. Levels of liver function indices and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were determined. Administration of polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata significantly (p &lt; 0.05) ameliorated CCl4- induced hepatotoxicity with respect to liver function indices, antioxidant and lipid peroxidation parameters. The biochemical changes observed were also consistent with histopathological observations on the rat liver, as architectural degeneration and severe cellular necrosis were restored after the administration of polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata in the treated groups. The study suggests that polyphenolic extract from P. pinnata is a potential hepatoprotective agent against CCl4-mediated hepatic injury through fortification of antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Epiisopiloturine, an imidazole alkaloid, reverses inflammation and lipid peroxidation parameters in the Crohn disease model induced by trinitrobenzenosulfonic acid in Wistar rats

Epiisopiloturine (EPI) is an important imidazole alkaloid because of its pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of epiisopiloturine on inflammatory parameters of the colonic mucosa in a rat model of Crohn’s disease (CD). For this, we induced colitis using trinitrobenzenosulfonic acid and determined myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the intestinal mucosa. The location and expression of the inflammatory markers in the colon were investigated by immunohistochemistry for NO synthase induced (iNOS), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and western blotting (iNOS and COX-2), respectively. Compared with TNBS alone, epiisopiloturine at 1 mg/kg reduced the macroscopic and microscopic scores, wet weight of the colon, and neutrophilic infiltration and expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Epiisopiloturine at 1 mg/kg maintained or restored GSH levels and simultaneously decreased MDA levels. Animals treated with epiisopiloturine exhibited reduced immunostaining for IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 and reduced cell count per field. Epiisopiloturine reduced the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in the colon. Based on these findings, we conclude that epiisopiloturine at 1 mg/kg may be an important pharmacological tool against intestinal inflammatory diseases due to its inhibitory action on key enzymes and products involved in inflammation.

Yumurtlamanın Son Dönemindeki Yumurtacı Tavukların Rasyonlarına Bor (Ortoborik Asit) İlavesinin Bazı Yumurta Sarısı Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

This study was carried out to determine the effects of boron (orthoboric acid) addition into the diets of hens in the late laying period on some egg yolk parameters. Two hundred eighty eight Lohman commercial laying hens which are 62 weeks old were fed with 0, 50, 75, and 150 mg/kg of B for 12 weeks. The research was carried out in 18 replicates, and four laying hens were used for each replicate. During the research, 16-hour lighting was applied, and feed and water were given as ad-libitum. The rates of egg yolk, polar lipid, hydrocarbon+ cholesterol ester and the fatty acid ratios from lipid components were not affected from treatment. While the ratio of triacylglycerol in total lipid is decreased; total cholesterol, diacylglycerol ratios and egg yolk lipid peroxidation levels increased. Boron (B) addition into diets of laying hens affected the outcome of egg yolk protein profile, the proteins being at different molecular weights at different levels. In conclusion, the lipid composition and protein profile of egg yolk and lipid peroxidation parameters were affected by B addition into diets of laying hens. But, further studies are needed to clarify the changes related to the effects of diets including Bor at different levels on some egg yolk parameters of laying hens during late laying period.

Correlation of trans fatty acids with the severity of coronary artery disease lesions

BackgroundNutritional choices, which include the source of dietary fatty acids (FA), have an important significant impact on coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to determine on patients with CAD the relationships between Trans fatty acids (Trans FA) and different CAD associated parameters such as inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in addition to Gensini score as a vascular severity index.MethodsFatty acid profiles were established by gas chromatography from 111 CAD patients compared to 120 age-matched control group. Lipid peroxidation biomarkers, oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters and Gensini score were studied.ResultsOur study showed a significant decrease of the antioxidant parameters levels such as erythrocyte glutathione peroxydase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, plasma antioxidant status (FRAP) and thiol (SH) groups in CAD patients. On the other hand, catalase activity, conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde were increased. Plasmatic and erythrocyte Trans FA were also increased in CAD patients compared to controls. Furthermore, divergent associations of these Trans FA accumulations were observed with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio, Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipid peroxidation parameters, high-sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Gensini score. Especially, elaidic acid (C18:1 trans 9), trans C18:2 isomers and trans 11 eicosanoic acid are correlated with these parameters. Trans FA are also associated with oxidative stress, confirmed by a positive correlation between C20:1 trans 11 and GPx in erythrocytes.ConclusionsHigh level of Trans FA was highly associated with the induction of inflammation, oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation which appear to be based on the vascular severity and might be of interest to assess the stage and progression of atherosclerosis. The measurement of these Trans FA would be of great value for the screening of lipid metabolism disorders in CAD patients.

Evaluation of lipid peroxidation processes in patients with chronic parenteral viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection depending on degree of inflammatory process activity in the liver.

To evaluate of parameters of lipid peroxidation - antioxidant defense changes in women of fertile age with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) and with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection, depending on the degree of inflammatory process activity in the liver. 99 women of reproductive age were examined, of them 44 patients with chronic parenteral viral hepatitis, 27 patients with HIV co-infection (HIV + hepatitis B and/or C) and 28 practically healthy women (control group). Patients with CVH in combination with HIV-infection with the presence of minimal and low degree of inflammatory activity in comparison with patients with CVH-monoinfection had a higher content of lipid peroxidation products (an increase in the content of diene conjugates and ketodienes and conjugated trienes), reduced values of total antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase activity, as well as the concentration of fat-soluble vitamins α-tocopherol and retinol. In the group with CVH and HIV with moderate and high degree of activity, similar, but even more pronounced changes in the system of lipid peroxidation were observed. The presence of co-infection - CVH in combination with HIV infection with minimal and low, as well as moderate and high inflammatory activity, is characterized by more intensive lipid peroxidation processes and a pronounced lack of antioxidant factors than with CVH-monoinfection.

Rambutan peel extract increases leptin efficiency and decreases lipid peroxidation in a rat model of obesity

Obesity induces oxidative stress and causes disturbances in the production of adipokines. Leptin is a hormone synthesized by adipose cells. Rambutan Peel Extract (RPE) contains polyphenols, which can be used as anti-obesity agents. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of RPE on leptin levels in visceral fat and liver lipid peroxidation in an obese rat model. Thirty male rats aged 12 weeks were divided into groups: normal rat, obese rat model without treatment, obese rat model with 15 mg/kg RPE (O-RPE15), 30 mg/kg (O-RPE30) and 60 mg/kg (O-RPE60). Leptin efficiency, including leptin levels in visceral fat, was detected indirectly by ELISA and food efficiency was determined. Lipid peroxidation parameters, including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were determined by the thiobarbituric acid method (TBA), and PPARγ expression in the liver was detected by immunohistochemistry. Visceral fat leptin levels decreased in the O-RPE30 and O-RPE15 groups. Food consumption and calorie intake were decreased in the O-RPE60, O-RPE15 and O-RPE30 groups, respectively. The greatest food efficiency was observed in the O-RPE15 and O-RPE30 treatments. Liver MDA levels decreased in O-RPE15 and O-RPE30 treatments. There were no differences in PPARγ expression in all the treatments.

Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute and chronic hepatotoxicity in rats

Background: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is one of the most widely used Hepatotoxin that is known to induce oxidative stress and causes hepatic damage by the formation of reactive free radicals in laboratory animals. Objective: This study aims to investigate the hepatoprotective role of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) on histological structure, some biochemical parameters and lipid peroxidation on CCl4-induced acute and chronic liver injury induced rats. Materials and Methods: The study material comprised 80 male Wistar albino rats. They were divided into two study groups including 40 rats for acute and 40 rats for chronic hepatotoxicity induction by CCl4. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to evaluate degree of steatosis, inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis semiquantitatively. Blood serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities and glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total protein, albumin and liver malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide levels were measured. Results: All control and only PSO given animals liver showed normal histological architecture, but in the acute CCl4-treated animals, an intensive macro and microvesicular steatosis, mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrations in portal area and parenchyma, and necrotic alterations; in the chronic CCl4-treated group, additionally to acute findings mild-to-severe fibrosis with lobulation formation were observed. Conclusion: The results suggest that administration of PSO has partially ameliorative effects on biochemical and lipid peroxidation parameters in acute period, but it has no effect on the recovery of liver tissue damage or histopathological changes and biochemical parameters induced by CCl4in chronic period. Abbreviations Used: PSO: Pomegranate seed oil; CCl4: Carbon tetrachloride; CCl3: Trichloromethyl; MDA: Malondialdehyde; NO: Nitric oxide; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; IM: Intramuscular; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; TP: Total protein; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЦЕССОВ ЛИПОПЕРОКСИДАЦИИ И АНТИОКСИДАНТНОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ У МУЖЧИН-МОНГОЛОИДОВ, НОСИТЕЛЕЙ НЕФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМОВ ГЕНОВ GSTT1 И GSTM1, С РАЗЛИЧНЫМ СТАТУСОМ ФЕРТИЛЬНОСТИ

Background. Genetic factors cause 30-50 % of cases of male infertility different forms. We have conducted the investigation of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection system components, associated with the biotransformation genes polymorphisms, in men with infertility. Aims: to study parameters of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system associated with polymorphisms of biotransformation genes in infertile Mongoloid men. Materials and methods. The main group included 143 men of reproductive age from Mongoloid population who came to the Public Health Institution "Republican Perinatal Center" in Ulan-Ude with the problem of one year and more infertility after the marriage. Fifty-three almost healthy males with proven fertility were included in the control group. Blood samples of all men were genotyped by glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1) gene family and activity of glutathione system enzymes was determined. Results. In the fertile Mongoloids with non-functional genotype GSTT1(0/0)/GSTM1(0/0) we have established an increase concentration of a-tocopherol in serum, activity of glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in glutathione-S-transferase, as well as a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol. In infertile Mongoloids with non-functional GSTT1(0/0)/ GSTM1 (0/0) genotypes, an increase in the tiobarbituric acid reactants, glutathione peroxidase and a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol was found in the ejaculate; we also detected a decrease in the concentration of a-tocopherol, the level of oxidized glutathione and glutathione-s-transferase activity. Conclusions. Genetically determined peculiarities of functioning of the xenobiotic biotransformation system make each individual unique with regard to their adaptive capacity - resistance or sensibility to the damaging exo- and endogenous factors.