Linux Operating System Research Articles

Intelligent Security Monitoring System Based on RISC-V SoC

With the development of the economy and society, the demand for social security and stability increases. However, traditional security systems rely too much on human resources and are affected by uncontrollable community security factors. An intelligent security monitoring system can overcome the limitations of traditional systems and save human resources, contributing to public security. To build this system, a RISC-V SoC is first designed in this paper and implemented on the Nexys-Video Artix-7 FPGA. Then, the Linux operating system is transplanted and successfully run. Meanwhile, the driver of related hardware devices is designed independently. After that, three OpenCV-based object detection models including YOLO (You Only Look Once), Haar (Haar-like features), and LBP (Local Binary Pattern) are compared, and the LBP model is chosen to design applications. Finally, the processing speed of 1.25 s per frame is realized to detect and track moving objects. To sum up, we build an intelligent security monitoring system with real-time detection, tracking, and identification functions through hardware and software collaborative design. This paper also proposes a video downsampling technique. Based on this technique, the BRAM resource usage on the hardware side is reduced by 50% and the amount of pixel data that needs to be processed on the software side is reduced by 75%. A video downsampling technology is also proposed in this paper to achieve better video display effects under limited hardware resources. It provides conditions for future function expansion and improves the models’ processing speed. Additionally, it reduces the run time of the application and improves the system performance.

Analisis Forensik Digital Memori Volatile untuk Mendapatkan Kunci Enkripsi Aplikasi Dm-Crypt

Disk encryption technology is something very useful in securing data. On the other hand, disk encryption can be used by criminals to hide the digital evidence. The information in the disk will be very useful for the investigation, but if the disk on the computer evidence encrypted then it will hamper the investigation process. The conditions will certainly be a challenge for investigator cybercrime to be able to find the disk encryption key, especially if the perpetrator did not cooperate in the investigation process. The analysis of the image memory to get the encryption key will be helpful in the investigation. In the overall memory activity on the computer evidence will be recorded, using a live image memory dump on the computer evidence, the decryption keys can be recovered. This paper will discuss about forensic analysis to getting the disk encryption key on the dm-crypt is used to encrypt the disk on Linux operating system and prove that through forensic image memory on a live memory dump, key dm-crypt disk encryption can be found with a success percentage of 80%. On this paper the research will be focused on the Linux operating system with dm-crypt function to full disk encryption.

Operating System Development Based on Open Source Software in Online Learning Systems

Abstract—During the Covid-19 pandemic, all learning activities were carried out online. Many learning media and software are used in online learning. One of them is the Open Source Operating System which is currently widely used in online learning systems. This makes the operating system much attention by the world of education, researchers, government organizations, individuals, even large software companies such as Google and others who are very interested in developing Open Source software, especially the Linux Operating System. This makes the authors interested in knowing how to develop an operating system based on open source software in online learning systems and disseminate the use of open source software to the public.

Software Solutions for Recovery of the Lost Data from Mobile Phones, Tablets and Computers, Used in the Educational Process

It is already known that during the pandemic the educational process took place most of the time online or at most in a hybrid format. Within these activities, there are situations in which, in addition to the online teaching, it is necessary to conduct and store courses, homework or other teaching materials on various types of devices (phones, tablets or computers). When they are disconnected incorrectly or become corrupt, errors occur, and the information may no longer be accessed. In the case of the Windows operating system if the disconnection of the PCs is performed by the users in an erroneous way, after reconnecting the storage devices, they still have access to the data. In the case of the Linux operating system if the disconnection is not the professional one, most of the time there are chances that at reconnection, the data that was saved on that storage device cannot be any longer accessed. The current paper presents two methods for recovering the lost information: one for the educational data recovery, and one for recovering contacts, which are often important in the communication process. These methods involve techniques for saving educational information/contacts from destroyed, corrupt or inaccessible storage devices when they cannot be used normally. A first application, proposed for PCs, uses the Master File Table and tries to retrieve information, by using an algorithm implemented in the C++ language, with multiple advantages over the algorithms found in similar applications. The second software application is developed for the Android platform and it was created to make a backup to the contacts from the smartphone and save them in a text (.txt) file. The software applications presented in the paper are useful especially for those who own computers and phones from older generations.

A Comprehensive Study of Kernel (Issues and Concepts) in Different Operating Systems

Various operating systems (OS) with numerous functions and features have appeared over time. As a result, they know how each OS has been implemented guides users' decisions on configuring the OS on their machines. Consequently, a comparative study of different operating systems is needed to provide specifics on the same and variance in novel types of OS to address their flaws. This paper's center of attention is the visual operating system based on the OS features and their limitations and strengths by contrasting iOS, Android, Mac, Windows, and Linux operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows 10 are more stable, more compatible, and more reliable operating systems. Linux, Android, and Windows are popular enough to become user-friendly, unlike other OSs, and make more application programs. The firewalls in Mac OS X and Windows 10 are built-in. The most popular platforms are Android and Windows, specifically the novelist versions. It is because they are low-cost, dependable, compatible, safe, and easy to use. Furthermore, modern developments in issues resulting from the advent of emerging technology and the growth of the cell phone introduced many features such as high-speed processors, massive memory, multitasking, high-resolution displays, functional telecommunication hardware, and so on.

Iviz: A ROS visualization app for mobile devices

Abstract In this work, we introduce iviz, a mobile application for visualizing data in the Robot Operating System (ROS). In the last few years, the popularity of ROS has grown enormously, making it the standard platform for robotic programming. However, the availability of this environment is generally restricted to PCs with the Linux operating system. Thus, users wanting to see what is happening in the system with a smartphone or a tablet are stuck with solutions such as screen mirroring or web browser versions of rviz, making newer visualization modalities such as Augmented Reality impossible. Our application iviz, based on the Unity engine, addresses these issues by providing a visualization platform designed from scratch to be usable in mobile platforms such as iOS, Android, and UWP, and including native support for Augmented Reality for all three platforms. If desired, it can also be used in a PC with Linux, Windows, or macOS without any changes.

Blind guidance system based on image recognition and convolutional neural network

This paper applies straight-line driving technology and pothole detection technology in the field of unmanned driving and edge detection in image recognition to the blind guide system. Researched and produced an intelligent, popular, safe and reliable intelligent blind guide system. This blind guide system uses Python and OpenCV as the development environment under the Linux operating system to realize image recognition and integrate functions on the Jetson nano development board. Through the simulation and analysis of scenes such as the life and travel of the blind, the designed blind guidance system mainly realizes the following functions: image recognition, traffic light recognition, zebra crossing detection, road pothole detection, voice interaction, and assisting straight-line walking.

Design of RISC-V CPU for 100 Gbps Network Application

<p indent=0mm>As a new open-source reduced instruction set architecture, RISC-V has advantages of low power consumption, small area and high performance. Therefore, technology and products based on RISC-V are developing rapidly. However, currently there are few medium and high end 64 bit CPU design instances based on the RISC-V architecture, and it is also hard to find corresponding commercial IP, especially for high-speed network applications. In this paper, we firstly improved the open source 64 bit U500 RISC-V SoC by extending the Bus width and adding L2 Cache, and etc. Secondly we implemented a complete 100 Gbps Ethernet function, which includes MAC, PCS, and SerDes, and the TX buffer and RX buffer used for the function. Finally we proved correctness and effectiveness of entire 64 bit RISC-V CPU design and 100 Gbps Ethernet function by simulation, FPGA verification and boot of Linux operation system. The designed RISC-V CPU and 100 Gbps Ethernet function can be applied to data center application such as smart network interface cards.

Applications Models Using Beaglebone FPGA

Abstract In this paper it is proposed to offer solutions using the BeagleBone Black FPGA development board, together with a series of electronic devices: LEDs, ultrasonic sensors, proximity sensors. The applications were developed using various existing programming languages such as: JavaScript, Python, Ruby but also using various commands specific to the Linux operating system. Also, the entire work was implemented using an online programmable cloud environment, called Cloud9 IDE that allows accessing and modifying applications developed at will from any location with an active internet connection.

Development of integrated spectral sun-photometer based on embedded Linux OS

Accurate detection of solar irradiance has important application value for theoretical research on climate change and atmospheric analysis, so this paper proposes the integrated spectral sun-photometer to enrich methods of obtaining the solar irradiance and entire atmospheric transmittance. With the ARM microprocessor as central processing unit and Linux OS as the software platform, the two-dimensional turntable and grating spectrometer are combined to construct sun-photometer which can measure continuous wavebands. This article advances the solution scheme to realize data transmission between microcontroller and turntable through CANopen communication. Meanwhile, the spectrometer based on USB communication protocol is used to obtain spectrum from visible to near-infrared band. In addition, both the multiple task operating system Linux and application framework Qt are employed to design friendly user-interface and display real-time process images, which would simplify and integrate the solar radiometer. After Langley calibration is used to calculate the constants to achieve calibration of instrument in spectral band, measured data of the radiometer and results of the DTF solar radiometer are compared and analysed, which confirms the reliability of integrated sun-photometer.

A novel approach for federated machine learning using Raspberry Pi

The problems of privacy and security is becoming a major challenge when it comes to the distributed systems, federated machine learning system especially when data are been transmitted or learned on a network , this necessitated the reasons for this research work which is all about wireless federated machine learning process using a Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi 4 is a single hardware board with built in Linux operating system. We used data set of names from nine (9) different languages and then develop a training model using recurrent neural network to train this names compare to the names in the existing language like French, Scottish to predict if the names are from any of this language, this is done wirelessly with the Wi-Fi network in a federated machine learning environment for experimental setup with PySft’s that is installed in the python environment. The system was able to predict that name from which the language it originate from, the methodology that is implore in the research work is the Rapid Application Development (RAD). The benefits of this system are to ensure privacy, reduces the computing power, ensure real time learning and most importantly it is cost effective.

Архитектура программного обеспечения для задач взаимодействия контроллера вывода на экран и операционной системы

Article describes solutions for developing programs that provide interaction between Linux operating system and multiple display controller hardware blocks (outputs), that use one clock generation IP-block with phase-locked loop (PLL). There is no API for such devices in Linux, thus new software model was developed. This model is based on official Linux GPU developer driver model, but was modified to cover case described earlier. Article describes three models for display controller driver development – monolithic, component and semi-monolithic. These models cannot cover case described earlier, because they assume that one clock generator should be attached to one output. A new model was developed, that is based on component model, but has additional mechanics to prevent race condition that can happen while using one clock generator with multiple outputs. Article also presents modified model for bootloaders graphics drivers. This model has been simplified over developed Linux model, but also has component nature (with less components) and race prevention mechanics (but with weaker conditions). Hardware interaction driver components that are developed using provided software models are interchangeable between Linux and bootloader.

MultiPhATE2: code for functional annotation and comparison of phage genomes.

To address a need for improved tools for annotation and comparative genomics of bacteriophage genomes, we developed multiPhATE2. As an extension of multiPhATE, a functional annotation code released previously, multiPhATE2 performs gene finding using multiple algorithms, compares the results of the algorithms, performs functional annotation of coding sequences, and incorporates additional search algorithms and databases to extend the search space of the original code. MultiPhATE2 performs gene matching among sets of closely related bacteriophage genomes, and uses multiprocessing to speed computations. MultiPhATE2 can be re-started at multiple points within the workflow to allow the user to examine intermediate results and adjust the subsequent computations accordingly. In addition, multiPhATE2 accommodates custom gene calls and sequence databases, again adding flexibility. MultiPhATE2 was implemented in Python 3.7 and runs as a command-line code under Linux or MAC operating systems. Full documentation is provided as a README file and a Wiki website.

Automation security in a machine-building plant

The operating system is the most important software component of any computer, and therefore, the security of the enterprise information system as a whole depends on the level of implementation of the security policy in a single operating system. In general, Linux operating systems (OS) cannot be considered as a ready-to-use security system. There are many recommendations on improving Linux security, but the authors of these recommendations do not guarantee that their recommendations are sufficient to achieve the required level of system security. This study attempts to systematize available methods for increasing the level of security of application software for Linux-like OSs operating as part of control systems at nuclear power facilities. The required level of security of the entire system can be achieved at the application software level.

A Thread Level SLO-Aware I/O Framework for Embedded Virtualization

With the development of virtualization technology, it is practical and necessary to integrate virtual machine software into embedded systems. I/O scheduling is important for embedded systems, because embedded systems always face different situations and their requests have more diversity on the requirement of real-time and importance. However, the semantic information associated with the I/O data is completely lost when crossing the virtualized I/O software stack. Here, we present an I/O scheduling framework to connect the semantic gap between the application threads in virtual machines and hardware schedulers in the host machine. Therefore, the details for the I/O request can be passed through the layers of the software stack and each layer can get the specific information about the device environment. Also, various scheduling points have been provided to implement different I/O strategies. Our framework was implemented based on Linux operating system, KVM, QEMU and virtio protocol. A prototype scheduler, Orthrus , was implemented to evaluate the effectiveness of the framework. Comprehensive experiments were conducted and the results show that our framework can guarantee the real-time requirements, and reserve more system resources for critical tasks, with negligible memory consumption and throughput overhead.

To Improve the Real-Time Performance of Airborne Data Link Communication System

Ground-to-air data link communication has the advantages of fast transmission rate, strong anti-interference ability, and large data communication volume and has been widely used in the field of civil aviation. This article mainly studies the measures to improve the real-time performance of the airborne data link communication system. The design of the hardware platform of the jamming environment simulator needs to comprehensively consider the implementation complexity of the jamming environment model and the real-time simulation method adopted by the UAV data link system. This paper uses the multicore and multithread in the Linux operating system to simulate the functions of the original data link communication system and uses the TFT screen to display the data communication process in the multicore and multithread design scheme. When evaluating and scoring the evaluation indicators, it must be carried out in accordance with certain standards. However, most of the indicators cannot be directly assessed quantitatively only through certain specific values. This article mainly uses the AHP method to analyze the weight of indicators. In the simulation, user information is generated by a random code generator and then distributed to each branch through serial-to-parallel conversion (S/P), and the spreading process is completed by long-code spreading on each branch, respectively, by BPSK. It is modulated on different carriers to form a transmission signal; the signal passes through a Gaussian white noise channel, and a certain frequency offset noise is added at the same time to reach the receiving end; the receiving end uses correlated demodulation, and after despreading, the error rate is counted. The data shows that under different distances, the frame loss rate of the data link is different. The frame loss rate in the 500 m range is about 1%, and the frame loss rate in the 2 km range is about 2.3%. The results show that the real-time performance of the data link communication system in this paper has been greatly improved.

Robot Operating System (ROS) in Quadcopter Flying Robot Using Telemetry System

In this study implementing odometry using RVIZ on a quadcopter flying robot that uses the Pixhawk Cube firmware version 3.6.8 as the sub-controller. Then the Lenovo G400 laptop as the main-controller as well as the Ground Control Station using the ubuntu 16.04 Linux operating system. The ROS platform uses the Kinetic and MAVROS versions as a quadcopter platform package using MAVlink communication with the telemetry module. The odometry system was tested using Rviz as navigation for Quadcopter movements in carrying out movements that follow movement patterns in certain shapes and perform basic robot movements. Data were collected using a standard measuring instrument inclinometer as a measurement of the slope of the robot and visualization RVIZ as a visual display of the odometric robot. The results of the research obtained are that the flying robot can maneuver according to the shape on the RVIZ according to the movements carried out directly at the airport, as well as the effect of the roll angle on the quadcopter (negative left roll, positive right) and the pitch angle on the quadcopter (negative forward pitch, the pitch returns positive).

The implementation of Container as a Service (CaaS) cloud using openSUSE kubic

Currently, software development based on Development and Operations (DevOps) generally uses containers and Cloud Computing to support portability, reliability, scalability, and security. One combination of these two technologies is Container as a Service (CaaS) Cloud. From a number of previous researches, no one has studied the technical implementation and deployment of CaaS using openSUSE Kubic based on the Linux kernel and Linux operating system, as well as testing in it using Pods from the service and replication side. The test results prove that openSUSE Kubic is very easy and reliable to use for CaaS implementation and deployment, so it is very helpful for software developers in realizing software development more scalable and faster.

Runtime Malware Detection Using Embedded Trace Buffers

Anti-virus software (AVS) tools are used to detect malware in a system. However, AVS are vulnerable to attacks. A malicious entity can exploit these vulnerabilities to subvert the AVS. Recently, hardware components such as hardware performance counters have been used for malware detection. In this article, we propose preempts malware by examining embedded processor traces (PREEMPT), a zero overhead, high-accuracy, low-latency technique to detect malware by repurposing embedded trace buffer (ETB), a debug hardware component available in most modern processors. The ETB is used for postsilicon validation and debug and allows us to control and monitor the internal activities of a chip, beyond what is provided by the input/output pins. PREEMPT combines these hardware-level observations with machine learning-based classifiers to preempt malware before it causes damage. The benefits of reusing ETB for malware detection include the increased robustness against attacks and no performance penalties. PREEMPT can detect malware on an OpenSPARC T1 core running Linux operating system with a F1-score of 96.6%.

LoReTTA, a user-friendly tool for assembling viral genomes from PacBio sequence data.

Long-read, single-molecule DNA sequencing technologies have triggered a revolution in genomics by enabling the determination of large, reference-quality genomes in ways that overcome some of the limitations of short-read sequencing. However, the greater length and higher error rate of the reads generated on long-read platforms make the tools used for assembling short reads unsuitable for use in data assembly and motivate the development of new approaches. We present LoReTTA (Long Read Template-Targeted Assembler), a tool designed for performing de novo assembly of long reads generated from viral genomes on the PacBio platform. LoReTTA exploits a reference genome to guide the assembly process, an approach that has been successful with short reads. The tool was designed to deal with reads originating from viral genomes, which feature high genetic variability, possible multiple isoforms, and the dominant presence of additional organisms in clinical or environmental samples. LoReTTA was tested on a range of simulated and experimental datasets and outperformed established long-read assemblers in terms of assembly contiguity and accuracy. The software runs under the Linux operating system, is designed for easy adaptation to alternative systems, and features an automatic installation pipeline that takes care of the required dependencies. A command-line version and a user-friendly graphical interface version are available under a GPLv3 license at https://bioinformatics.cvr.ac.uk/software/ with the manual and a test dataset.