Linguistic Studies Research Articles

Khlebnikov in China

The question of how Velimir Khlebnikov’s work was perceived in China is among the little studied ones. We have a definite idea of the forms the Chinese theme took in Khlebnikov’s philosophical and aesthetic consciousness as a part of the general orientalist views of the Russian futurist poet. At the same time, the problem of the actual Chinese development of V. Khlebnikov’s artistic heritage (the dialogue among cultures presupposes their two-way connection, interlacement of assessments and judgments) remains open. Thus, the article highlights the most relevant literary and translation aspects of V. Khlebnikov’s reception by the Chinese.These two aspects of research are traditionally closely related, regardless of national culture issues. The measure and depth of literary interest in foreign-language poetry is determined by the volume of translated texts; in a similar degree, the stability and quality of translation corresponds to the literary vector of the foreign word perception. For the Russian research into Far Eastern literature, this state of affairs is quite axiomatic (since without a preliminary theoretical and historical-literary, as well as hermeneutic analyses, it is impossible to truly understand the poetics of ancient Chinese or medieval Japanese lyrical poetry; all other approaches will be considered amateurish with good reason, which, however, does not exclude the presence of a special, “naïve” charm of these translations from Chinese or Japanese, taken in isolation from the original). The above thesis is also applicable to the Chinese research into Russian literature (Chinese studies of Russian literature), which has been intensively developing in recent years.The article traces the stages in scientific and philological studies of V. Khlebnikov’s work in China, explains the reasons for Chinese interest in the Silver Age in general and the work of the author of the “Khadzhi Tarkhan” in particular, analyzes the strategies of individual translations of Khlebnikov’s poems into Chinese, taking into account the increased complexity in the transmission of “zaum'” by means of the linguistic system so strikingly different in its internal structure and writing system from Russian.

Linguistic landscape study: signs of public transportation places in Sidoarjo regency

Linguistic landscape study: signs of public transportation places in Sidoarjo regency

Researching Ibn Muhanna’s dictionary in terms of linguistic features

In many linguistic studies, many studies have been conducted on the work “Hilyetü’l-insan” and “Halbetü’l-lisan”, which was mentioned as Ibn Muhanna’s Dictionary, whose real name was revealed when the Istanbul copy was found, and which belongs to Jamaladdin Ibn Muhanna. In the middle of the century, the Persian, Turkic and Mongolian languages gained influence and were widely used in Iraq as well as in the entire Elkhanid territory. Ibn Muhenna wrote his dictionaries “Hilyetü’l-insan” and “Halbetü’l-lisan” in this scientific environment. It is estimated that it was written in Meraga or Baghdad in the second half of the century. Despite the fact that the official language of the Elkhanid state is Turkic, Ibn Muhanna wrote his work in Arabic based on the main features of these three languages, considering that Arabic, Persian and Mongolian languages are also used in cultural, administrative, commercial and public life. According to the Istanbul copy of the introduction and the three-part dictionary, pages 5–111 were devoted to Persian, pages 113–310 to Turkic, and pages 311–371 to Mongolian. The part of the work related to the Persian language consists of an introduction and twenty-eight chapters where general grammatical rules are explained. In this research study, we will try to compare the linguistic features of Ibn Muhanna’s Dictionary.

The development of crop production in the northern Horn of Africa: a review of the archaeobotanical evidence

ABSTRACT This article presents a synthesis of the hypotheses and evidence for plant domestication and the origins of agriculture in the northern Horn of Africa. To date, available archaeological data point to an introduction of agricultural practices to Ethiopia during the late Holocene, c. 1600 BC, influenced by adjacent areas including eastern Sudan, Egypt and southern Arabia. The archaeobotanical record shows that farming in the northern highlands was based on the cultivation of barley, linseed and lentils, combined with the exploitation of local wild grasses from the Panicoideae and Chloridoideae sub-families. This indicates that local populations also played a role in the development of productive activities in the region, a process that might have been in place before the arrival of the southwest Asian agricultural package. After the first millennium BC, amidst an increase in sedentary settlements in the region, new domesticated crops appeared in the archaeological record. These include exogenous crops such as emmer wheat, but also indigenous plants such as t’ef and noog, which were locally domesticated likely throughout the Pre-Aksumite period. With the rise of the Aksumite Kingdom, c. 50 BC – AD 700, the agricultural package again expanded to include of a wide range of pulses, geophytes and other economic crops. Macrobotanical remains of sorghum and finger millet also appear for the first time during this period, although this contrasts with the microbotanical record of the region, which points to an earlier presence. In the southern highlands and southwest Ethiopia, evidence of Plectranthus edulis (Vatke) Agnew (Ethiopian potato or Oromo potato) has been identified by the late first millennium BC, pointing towards an earlier domestication than previously considered. Similarly, enset and coffee remains have been documented during the early first millennium AD. Altogether, new studies are needed to confirm some of these hypotheses, as archaeobotanical studies in the northern Horn are still limited. The combination of macrobotanical and microbotanical data, along with ethnoarchaeological and experimental research programs and linguistic studies, will be of critical importance for refining our current understanding of the processes associated with plant domestication and the introduction of crop production in the region.

Perbedaan Frasa dalam Bahasa Al-Qur'an dan Bahasa Arab

This research aims to analyze the differences in phrases between the Koran and Arabic in linguistic and literary contexts. The method used is a comparative analysis of phrase structures in the two languages, by reviewing aspects of syntax, semantics and pragmatics. The research results show that although the Koranic language has the same roots as Arabic, its use has its own characteristics that reflect the beauty and excellence of the Koranic literature. There are 17 differences found between these two languages including the use of words, sentence patterns and language conventions that are unique to the language of the Koran. It is hoped that this research will provide a deeper understanding of the language of the Koran as well as contribute to the study of Arabic linguistics and literature in general.

Folklore Elements in the Poetry of Ekaterina Kletnovaya

The article is devoted to one of the characteristic features of the poetic works of E.N. Kletnova (1869–1938), whose literary work is still not known to the general public and has not previously become the subject of a comprehensive philological study. Poems by E.N. Kletnova are filled with various folklore elements − syntactic constructions and language formulas, lexical means of expression, compositional elements (introduction to a song and song), epic images. The author especially actively resorts to folklore stylization when creating poems on general cultural and political topics, trying to give them a folk-epic sound. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: a comparative-stylistic method to establish the similarities and
 differences in the language design of E.N. Kletnova and folklore genres; a structural method for analyzing the specific structure of the text; a conceptual analysis to reveal the picture of the world of the author's linguistic personality; a descriptive method.
 It was concluded that folklore elements in the poetry of E.N. Kletnova, firstly, are a reflection of her scientific, primarily ethnographic studies; secondly, they are used to create a special native Russian flavor in the poetic disclosure of vital social topics;
 thirdly, they express the interest in mythological antiquities and folklore tradition characteristic of the Silver Age.

Cultivating Sustainability: A Cultural Linguistic Study of Minangkabau Environmental Proverbs

The research aims to examine the connection between language, culture, and environment by analyzing the representation of nature in Minangkabau proverbs and its cultural implications and cognitive awareness in traditional Minangkabau society. It is a descriptive study that analyzes meaning and cultural representation through a cultural linguistics approach. The research used 287 proverbs from various written Minangkabau resources, including tambo and books containing Minangkabau proverbs. The study focuses on three sustainability pillars: social, environmental, and economic. The research findings show that Minangkabau proverbs frequently utilize symbolism of nature and the environment to describe and reflect cultural values and rules of Minangkabau customs. The natural representations reveal the close relationship between the Minangkabau people and nature and the cognitive awareness and shared knowledge passed down from generation to generation. The results of this study highlight the need for further research on Minangkabau proverbs to explore cultural values and wisdom that can support program sustainability. Hence, preserving and promoting cultural heritage values are crucial for sustainable development, as it can contribute to socio-economic development and create new values for future generations.

The Role of the French Language in facilitating Trade: A Case Study of Maje Border Town Markets

This study explores the role that the French language plays in promoting trade in Maje's marketplaces, a well-known border town. Maje, which is located where cultural and economic exchanges converge, provides an intriguing backdrop for examining the complex relationships that exist between language, trade, and cross-border connections. The research explores the particular ways in which the French language influences business operations, communication patterns, and market dynamics in Maje through the use of a case study technique enhanced by anthropological inquiry. The study looks at how common French is among dealers, clients, and other stakeholders as a lingua franca through observations, interviews, and linguistic studies. The study looks into the various ways that the French language is used in the marketplace to facilitate cross-cultural interactions, negotiate agreements, and mediate transactions. It examines the linguistic tactics used by market players, such as code-switching, language accommodation, and cultural adaptation, to take capitalize on French proficiency for business benefit. The study also assesses the effects of fluency in French on competitive advantage, market segmentation, and market integration. It takes into account how linguistic asymmetries and impediments may affect a variety of stakeholders' access to markets, ability to establish trust, and economic prospects. Our understanding of the socio-economic dynamics driving cross-border commerce is enhanced by this study's illumination of the complex interactions between language and trade in border town markets. In border regions where the French language is significant, the findings offer insightful information to policymakers, market participants, and language planners who aim to encourage inclusive economic development and cross-cultural understanding. Keywords: French language, Trade promotion, Linguistic tactics, Market dynamics, Cross-cultural interactions, Competitive advantage

The impact of Jewish Orientalism on the modern linguistic study

تتناول هذه الدراسة أثر الاستشراق اليهوديّ وخطورته على الدرس اللغوي الحديث، خاصّة وأنّه قد بُني، في معظمه، على أسسس سياسيّة أو دينيّة أو غيرها تنأى به عن العلميّة أو الموضوعيّة إلى حدٍّ بعيد. وتكمن أهمية هذه الدراسة في الدعوة إلى إعادة قراءة المنتج الاستشراقيّ الذي غزا الدراسات اللغويّة، قراءة متوازنة فاحصة، بعيدة عن التأثّر والانبهار، وبعيدًا عن الانغلاق والاستهجان من أجل التقاط ما يتلاءم والهويّة العربيّة الثقافيّة، وما تصلح آلياته لإثراء المعرفة، والكشف عن أنساق التراث العربيّ وجماليّاته، واتخاذ مواقف نقديّة جادّة وواضحة من المناهج الاستشراقيّة، مرتكزة على أسس معرفيّة، خصوصًا أنّ تلك المناهج التي ظلّت تفد من أجهزة الآخر بأجهزتها المصطلحيّة، بقي بعض النقّاد العرب في الساحة الثقافيّة يعيدون إنتاجها، ويجعلونها مجالًا للتطبيق. وقد اطمأنّت هذه الدراسة، من خلال المنهج الاستقرائيّ التحليليّ، إلى أنّ الباحث اليهوديّ قد آثر العمل داخل الحركة الاستشراقيّة بوصفه استشراقًا أوروبيًّا، وليس بوصفه استشراقًا يهوديًّا؛ الأمر الذي استفاد منه كثيرًا في خدمة القضايا الصهيونيّة مع تقديمها في قالب غربيّ، لضمان قبولها في أوساط العرب والمسلمين، مستغلّا في ذلك عقدة النقص الشرقيّة تجاه الغرب.

The issue of ellipses and its effect on textual cohesion: An applied linguistic study on an Umayyad poem

هدفت هذه الورقة إلى الوقوف على ظاهرة الحذف عند القدماء والمحدثين، وكذلك على مفهوم النص ومعالجته في التراث الأدبي، ومن ثم معالجته عند المحدثين من جانبين: أولا في ضوء النحو التوليدي، وثانيا في ضوء علم لغة النص. تبنت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لقصيدة من قصائد الشعر الأموي، فأتخذ الإطار التطبيقي جانبين: أولا: جانب تقليدي يهتم بحكم حذف العنصر المحذوف في النحو العربي، ونوعه، والبنية الأساسية، والبنية السطحية لتراكيبه وفقا لقواعد النحو التوليدي. وثانيا: جانب نصي إحصائي يهتم بتعدد وتكرار المحذوف ومرجعيته على مستوى النص كافة. تمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في سؤالين جوهريين: ماهي الوظيفة التي تقدمها ظاهرة الحذف في النص الشعري التراثي؟ وما هو الأثر الذي يحققه غياب العنصر المحذوف في النص ذاته، ومتلقيه؟ توصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج من أهمها: أولا: إن الشاعر الأموي تمكن من توظيف أداة الحذف؛ ليجعل النص محبوكا متماسك نحو هدف واحد، وهو: التعبير عن شقائها في العشق. ثانيا: تنوعت المحذوفات من حيث نوع الكلمة إلا أن غياب العنصر المحذوف الأكثر تكررا - اسم المحبوبة- دل على أن القصيدة تتماسك لتبرز موضوعا واحدا، هو: فقد المحبوبة. ثالثا: تعددت أغراض الحذف إلى جانب غرض تماسك النص، فكانت تارة للمحافظة على القافية أو لغة الشعر، وتارة أخرى لمقاصد نحوية.رابعا: أظهر التحليل النحوي أهمية أداة الحذف في البنية السطحية، ومدى قدرته على توسيع الدلالة عند احتمالية معانٍ كثيرة ترتبط بما هو مذكور في السياق. وفي الختام استنتجت الدراسة أن الجمع بين الدراسة التقليدية والدراسة النصية لا غنً عنه في ظل الدراسة النصية. وأخيراً توصي الدراسة بإجراء المزيد من الدراسات الحديثة على النصوص التراثية، وبالتالي إحياء النص القديم من خلال تطبيق نظريات علم اللغة الحديث.

RESEARCH OF COMPONENTS OF LINGUISTIC PERSONA

The scientific article is devoted to the differentiation of anthropocentric studies that contributed to the formation of the theory of linguistic persona within the framework of a new scientific paradigm in modern language. In linguistics, the relevance of the topic is manifested in the fact that the problem of studying the linguistic persona, the reality of which is an active form of cognition of existence, acquires an ever broader scientific consideration. The nature of the linguistic persona is a complex phenomenon, and its structure is as complex as that, obviously, it is not easy to define. There are many opinions on this issue. The article provides an overview of theoretical studies in world and Kazakh linguistics concerning the theory of linguistic persona, and makes scientific conclusions based on the three-level structure of linguistic persona, classified according to the theory of Y. N. Karaulov as verbal-semantic, linguistic and pragmatic. It has been proved that external factors such as society, period, family, communication environment, educational institutions, places of culture, and mass media play a role in the formation and development of a linguistic persona, along with internal factors. The theory of «linguistic persona» is discussed by describing the theoretical reasoning and scientific views of researchers, as well as the degree of relevance and scientific significance. Keywords: linguistic persona, social sign, internal factor, external factor, literary language.

Hispanic America in Linguistic and Regional Studies: New Educational Encyclopedia

Hispanic America in Linguistic and Regional Studies: New Educational Encyclopedia

Indonesian Language Derivational Bound Morpheme /-em-/

The central issue of linguistic studies in the field of morphology is word formation through the mechanisms of affixation, reduplication and composition. This article tries to examine the behavior of the Indonesian language (hereafter IL) bound morpheme /-em-/ which has derivational and inflectional functions. The significant role of /-em-/ is seen as being able to add to the treasures of the IL lexicon while making it easier for students to learn IL, especially junior high school students (hereafter JHS). The secondary data were derived from documents, journals and books. Data were analyzed with content analysis by reading and reviewing the documents. It shows that the IL bound morpheme /-em-/ has a derivational function in word formation as well as an effort to enrich the lexicon of the Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia ‘Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language’ (hereafter GDIL) and it contributes to morphological studies in facilitating students of JHS to learn IL more easily and achieve better achievement.

Scrutiny of a "Pathway to English Phase E” Textbook in Transitivity System

The research was focused on one of analysis systems in a systemic functional linguistics study, especially analysis of transitivity ecncountered and pinpointed by the writers in the “Pathway to English” textbook. The research objective was to discover the types of transitivity processes identified in the “Pathway to English” textbook . This study was a qualitative research with descriptive data in a discourse approach. The data were a respective genre found in chapter one until three. The research findings showed that not all types of transitivity were prevalent. It was found that the highest usage of the transitivity process was material process, which was shown more active, and the lowest one was meteorological because there are no clauses explaining what the weather is. The character in a text should be a subject and an object, so the researcher can determine whether the character is subject or object in the clause.

National Phraseological Units of Speech Behavior in the Kazakh, Russian and English Languages

Summary The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of studying the phraseological systems of a particular language through the prism of national and cultural code of ethnicity, a value-based approach to the linguistic and communicative paradigm on the example of the Kazakh, Russian and English languages, the creation of national speech universals, identifying the area of their functioning and understanding of phraseological structures by native and non-native speakers of the language. The purpose of the study is an in-depth analysis of national, and cultural characteristics through the verbalisation of thought processes displayed in a diachronic language section. The main method of investigation is theoretical, involving the collection and study of a wide range of scientific literature on the stated topic, the identification of the main national elements through the study of the lexical-structural realisation of the value priorities of the people at the level of speech behaviour. The study addresses the unique transmission of folk wisdom by intralingual and extralingual means, the verbalisation of a nation’s thought activity and its results, different aspects of the study of these issues in world science for a complete language picture of a particular nation, the basic similarities, and differences in the mechanisms of operation of different language systems are analysed in detail. The materials presented in the study can be used in further phraseological studies on the moral values of the nation on the example of linguistic culture, the creation of linguistic studies on the influence of verbal and non-verbal factors on the development of people, to study the structural, semantic, stylistic characteristics of speech behaviour, to turn scientific interests into anthropocentric trends, to record and categorise the connotations of stable units and their speech equivalents in dictionaries, textbooks, scientific studies.

‘Never trust a Philologist’: C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, and the Place of Philology in English Studies

Abstract This article brings to light seven poems by C. S. Lewis that have never been published before. These poems, composed during the 1920s, form part of a lengthy campaign against the study of philology at Oxford, and specifically against its most eminent exponent, H. C. Wyld. Drawing on entries in his diary and personal correspondence, the article shows how Lewis’s antipathy for the subject grew out of his undergraduate studies, his frustration with Wyld’s published scholarship and prescriptive attitude towards language study, as well as a dislike of the man and his lecturing style. It was the appointment of J. R. R. Tolkien to the Rawlinson and Bosworth Professorship of Anglo-Saxon in 1925, and their subsequent friendship, that was to convert Lewis to the study of philology and convince him of its centrality to the discipline of English Studies. The remainder of the article describes how the two men engineered revisions to the Oxford English syllabus, which resulted in a much more prominent role for philology, at the expense of nineteenth-century literature.

Articulatory characteristics and vowel space analysis of Mandarin Chinese non-low vowels in Korean-speaking learners

Vowels are a fundamental component of Mandarin Chinese syllables. Accurate pronunciation of Mandarin Chinese relies on the distinct articulation of different vowels, especially the visually similar “ü” and “u”. Korean-speaking learners of Chinese Mandarin as a second language commonly exhibit non-standard pronunciation or errors in articulating “ü”, leading to confusion, particularly in non-low vowels centered around this sound. Using Praat to analyze the Formant values of non-low vowel sounds from six participants, a comparison between Korean L2 Chinese speakers and native Chinese speakers revealed vowel spaces differentiated through F2 values for /u/ and /o/, while /ɣ/ and /o/ are distinguished by F1 values. The sound similar to Korean “ㅟ” differs from /y/ in that the former is a gliding sound transitioning from low to high. The distinction between /y/ and /u/, /o/, /ɣ/ was found to be unclear, with /y/ often merging into sounds like “iu” and “io”. This aligns with historical vowel changes in Chinese “ü”, noted in previous linguistic studies, showing variations like “iu” and “io” over different periods. Korean L2 Chinese speakers tend to substitute /ɯ/ for /u/ and “ㅟ” (/ɯ/+/i/) for /y/, avoiding rounded lip movements in pronunciation, thus reducing effort and the need for additional phonemes. Furthermore, the F3 value for Korean L2 Chinese /y/ is notably lower, suggesting that the correct articulation should closely resemble the tongue position of /i/, combined with rounded lips.

Fenomenet proverbalisering i synkroni och diakroni

This article deals with the linguistic phenomenon usually referred to as verbersättning (“verbal substitution”) but which, in the present article, I prefer to call proverbalisering (“proverbalization”), a choice of term based on the analogy with pronominalisering, the corresponding term in the nominal sphere. However, while pronominalization has been the subject of many linguistic studies, proverbalization, despite its crucial importance to any language possessing the verb category, has received little attention in modern linguistic research. The article analyses the use of proverbalization by means of the proverb göra in Swedish with the purpose of showing that this linguistic operation is not a specifically Swedish phenomenon but a phenomenon of great linguistic generality and that this is why a comparison with other languages will reveal that its general mechanisms are fundamentally the same in the languages compared as in Swedish. In fact, it is argued that in Swedish, as well as in these languages, the proverb is a syntactic tool specifically designed for verb phrase representation and that, in this capacity, it satisfies an imperative need of linguistic expression. It follows that proverbalization is not subject to diachronic frequency fluctuation. Furthermore, the analysis does not support the common view that proverbalization is primarily a stylistic device for avoiding verb repetition, nor the conception of proverbalization as being a subdivision of ellipsis.

The Concept of “Dreams (While Sleeping)” in the Proverbial Context of the Russian and Kyrgyz Languages

This article conducts a linguistic and cultural analysis of proverbial expressions, we tried to identify the specifics of linguistic verbalization of the linguistic and cultural concept of “dreams (while sleeping) / сон (Russian) / түш (Kyrgyz)” in the Russian and Kyrgyz linguistic proverbial space. The combination of sustainable forms produces a proverbial space of language, which reflects the entire history of life, way of life and experience, folk observations, conclusions, traditions and customs of each nation. By conducting linguistic studies of each language, linguists identify the ethnocultural characteristics of each language, depending on such extralinguistic factors as: geographical location, mental processes in the consciousness of a certain ethnic group and worldview. The relevance of this survey is the importance of the linguistic and cultural concepts, semantic descriptions of the features of Russian and Kyrgyz paroemia, which are an integral part of the national linguistic picture of the world. The concepts of “dreams (while sleeping) / сон (Russian) / туш (Kyrgyz)” considered by are an important state of human existence, the basic concept of any linguistic culture.

On Toponymy in the Epic of Manas

The article provides a linguistic study of some ideas about the origin of toponyms in general, their etymology and history. The names of land and waters pass through a long period of time, and some names change from one name to another (for example, from one language to another) depending on time and events. Similar phenomena can be seen in detail in toponyms found in the Epic of Manas. Academician Tugelbay Sydykbekov, a writer and prose writer, also spoke about differences in the pronunciation and spelling of toponyms in the epic. In particular, he noticed that the toponyms in the Epic of Manas speak of the ancient traces of our people. An etymological and historical analysis of the names of some places has been carried out by comparing the views of the author with the linguistic analysis of linguists. Of interest is the etymology of the names of some places mentioned in the article. Not being a professional linguist, the ideas of T. Sydykbekov, which led to a certain linguistic analysis, require deep linguistic research.