Linguistic Influences Research Articles

DIALECTOLOGY IN MODERN LINGUISTIC RESEARCH: THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND METHODS

In the context of modern dialectology, we are observing the influence of a wide range of new theoretical approaches and technological innovations that are changing the traditional understanding and study of linguistic dialects. The development of digital technologies, especially in the areas of machine learning and big data processing, opens up new opportunities for analyzing language structures and the interaction between different dialects. This allows researchers to study and understand language differences in more detail and assess their impact on social and cultural processes. Modern dialectology also integrates cognitive and socio-linguistic approaches, enabling a more complete consideration of language as a complex system that reflects not only communicative but also cognitive and sociocultural aspects of human life. Expanding the availability of language data, in particular, through online platforms and social networks, opens up new perspectives for studying the dynamics of language dialects in the modern world. This requires us to rethink traditional approaches and adapt them to rapidly changing socio-cultural conditions. The research shows how the use of synchronic, diachronic and cognitive approaches enriches the understanding of linguistic variations. Particular attention is paid to the influence of cognitive linguistics on the perception of linguistic dialects, as well as the role of structural approaches and diasystems in understanding the interrelationships of different dialects. The conclusions of the academic paper emphasize the need to integrate various approaches in modern dialectology. The combination of traditional and innovative methods makes it possible to gain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of language differences and their role in social and cultural processes. The success of modern dialectology lies not only in the preservation and use of traditional methods but also in the active incorporation of the latest research strategies that reflect the rapid changes in the linguistic and sociocultural landscape.

Redefining the role of doctoral supervisors: a multicultural examination of labels and functions in contemporary doctoral education

AbstractThis study focuses on the changes that doctoral education has experienced in the last decades and discusses the role of doctoral supervisors. The figure of doctoral supervisor continues to be a subject of much debate; therefore, the aim of this study is to provide a universal, global, and common definition that clearly establishes the roles and functions of doctoral supervisors. Employing a multi-method approach, the study utilized the perspectives of linguistic relativism and prototype theory to understand how linguistic and label diversity may influence the perception and approach to supervisory tasks. We examine a corpus of 55 different labels to refer to “doctoral supervisor.” Data was collected from 116 countries, encompassing 47 different languages and 55 distinct labels from Europe, Africa, America, Asia, and Oceania, forming a unique corpus of information. The results reveal a total of 18 functions to be fulfilled by the doctoral supervisor. Additionally, the findings underscore the significance of linguistic influence in conceptualizing the functions associated with the supervisor in various cultural contexts and highlight the necessity for redefining the role of the thesis supervisor. The results hold potential benefits for doctoral schools and supervisors, serving as guidelines for standardizing the functions of the doctoral supervisor.

THE USE OF REQUESTS IN PANDEMIC PRESS RELEASES. A CROSS-CULTURAL CASE STUDY

The current paper presents an analysis of the realisation of requests in three European linguacultures - British English, Spanish, and Romanian - as expressed in weekly press releases during the Covid-19 pandemic. A comparative study that looks into the Request Speech Act, more precisely into its various forms of expression and its conventional realisation patterns, was conducted according to a cross-cultural pragmatic analysis framework. The conclusive observations underline the fact that each linguaculture constructs a culture-bound pattern for the realisation of the Request Speech Act, despite certain similarities explicable due to common origins or global linguistic influences.

The Cultural and Historical links between Turks and Afghans in the First Era of Islam

Though Turks and Afghans are located far off geographically yet it may not be perceived as a marker of friction between the two nations. The Islamic history in the middle Ages reveal that Islam has spread in the Turkish and Afghan regions amongst the indigenous tribes heralded a marked cultural and linguistic influence in the cited regions. The Turks' contact with the Islamic world started in the era of four Caliphs and the Umayyad dynasty reaching out to the western regions of the "Bab" region adjacent to Turkish territory in 22 AH. This contact resulted in the spread of Islam amongst the Turks and their men took part as part of Muslim army leading to propagation of Islam. Moreover, In the Abbasid era, the number of Turks assuming leadership positions had increased in the Muslim state. This contact sustained in the Islamic world to the East in the Turkish areas after the Muslims crossed the JIHUN River (Amu Darya) in 31 AH under the leadership of QUTAYBA Ibn Muslim. Thus Islam spread among the Turk Tribes under the rule of the SAMANI Governors where they spearheaded the extension of Muslim influence to Tirmiz, Bukhara, Samarkand and other Central Asian countries due to the simplicity of Islam. As for the Afghans' contact with Islam in the West, it began in the era of four Caliphs and the Umayyads eversince Herat was conquered in the year 23 AH; Jawzjan, Balkh and Takhar in the year 32 AH by Al-Ahnaf bin Qais from northern Afghanistan; Zabul in the year 43 AH and Kabul in 44 AH by Abd al-Rahman bin Samra. However the eastern areas of Afghanistan and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, although Islam reached there in the first century, did not enter the Islamic rule. They remained either under the tribal control or were ruled by the Indian kings until the Ghaznavids took over through Prince Subuktagin in Ghazni in the last decade of the 4th century.There has remained direct contact between the Turks and Afghans after the displacement of the Turkish tribes to the Gazani state in the south of the Jihun River.The state sovereignty of the Turkish majority was due to their leadership positions and a large part of the military formation included the Turks and Afghans. Hence the two nations lived with a clear linguistic and cultural influence with hundreds of basic words in common as for instance the Turkish names for Afghan men and women and dozens of Turkish names for villages and cities. There are even common tribal traditions and customs between the two peoples. This research addresses the historically direct contact between the Turkish and Afghan tribes with cultural and social impact between the Turks and Afghans.

Planning intonation under cognitive constraints of speaking.

Pitch peaks tend to be higher at the beginning of longer utterances than in shorter ones (e.g., 'The Santa is decorating the Christmas trees' vs. 'The Santa is decorating the Christmas tree and the window'). Given that a rise in pitch frequently occurs in response to increased mental effort, we explore the link between higher pitch at the beginning of an utterance and the cognitive demands of sentence planning for speech production. To modulate the cognitive resources available for generating a message in a visual world speech production task, the study implemented a dual-task paradigm. Participants described pictures depicting events with multiple actors. In one-half of these descriptions, the participants memorized three nouns, later recalling them and answering related questions. The results demonstrate both cognitive and linguistic influences on sentence intonation. Specifically, intonation peaks at the beginning of longer utterances were higher than in shorter ones, and they were lower under the condition of memory load than under no load. Measurements of eye gaze indicated a very short processing delay at the outset of processing the picture and the sentence, which was rapidly overcome by the start of speech. The short time frame of restricted cognitive resources thus was manifested in the lowering of the intonation peaks. These findings establish a novel link between language-related memory span and sentence intonation and warrant further study to investigate the cognitive mechanisms of the planning of intonation.

基于InCites平台的我国语言学国际学术影响力分析

基于InCites平台的我国语言学国际学术影响力分析

LINGUO-AXIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLITICO-DIPLOMATIC SPEECHES

The article is devoted to studying the political speeches of Ukrainian presidents (the last decade) at the United Nations (UN), particularly the theoretical and methodological foundations of studying the specifics of political discourse in international communication, namely, in the politico-diplomatic aspect. This study aims to deepen the theoretical understanding of political discourse and reveal the linguistic aspects that determine the communicative nature of political speeches at the UN. In particular, the authors pay attention to the linguistic aspect of politicians' speeches in English at the UN, and conduct a detailed analysis of the axiological language tools used by the Ukrainian presidents to express their assessments and views. The use of specific lexical units that help structure and formulate political ideas, considering the international nature of diplomatic relations, is considered. Understanding the linguistic axiological features of political and diplomatic speech helps to improve communication between representatives of different countries. The study of effective ways of linguistic influence through lexical units with an evocative load can also help to reduce misunderstandings in international relations. This research has used a wide range of scientific methods, including content analysis of the English-language speeches of politicians on the background of political and diplomatic discourse using structural and semantic identification and categorization of lexical features, functional and pragmatic analysis of linguistic means of axiological nature, as well as the method of generalization and systematization to summarize and arrange the information obtained in the course of the study.

Colexification of ‘Enough’, ‘Able’ and ‘Until’ in Tok Pisin and Papapana: Independent or Contact-induced Change?

Abstract Considerable research has concerned the influence of Papua New Guinea’s Oceanic languages on the development of the pidgin/creole Tok Pisin, but little research has considered linguistic influence in the opposite direction. This paper adds to both bodies of research by investigating whether the colexification of ‘enough’, ‘able’ and ‘until’ in Papapana (Oceanic) and Tok Pisin results from internal or contact-induced change. Such a colexification is unattested/rare cross-linguistically therefore I argue that language contact is responsible. The Tok Pisin verb inap ‘enough, able’ grammaticalised as the preposition/subordinator ‘until’ because of semantic extensions by Oceanic language speakers whose languages demonstrate overlapping polysemies. The Papapana verb eangoi colexifies ‘enough’ and ‘able’ (common cross-linguistically), but the colexification with the lexicalised adverb eangoiena ‘able’ and grammaticalised preposition/subordinator eangoiena ‘until’ is pattern replication modelled on Tok Pisin. Based on areal data, I propose a tentative semantic map for enough, contributing to research on cross-linguistic colexification.

The Digital Duality: Social Media’s Impact on Society, Communication, and Language

This study explores the nuanced effects of social media on society, emphasising how it has both positive and negative aspects. Positively, social media has revolutionised global connectivity by democratising journalism, encouraging participation across great distances, and giving companies access to low-cost advertising channels. The report does admit many drawbacks, too, such as privacy issues, cyberbullying, and the quick dissemination of false information. The study promotes digital literacy, user education, and proactive actions from social media companies to address these problems. It highlights how critical thinking abilities are necessary to successfully traverse the internet environment. Furthermore, the study draws attention to the linguistic influence of social media by presenting acronyms, abbreviations, and colloquial language, prompting concerns about possible negative effects on written language proficiency and the significance of maintaining linguistic norms. Overall, the study highlights how social media has a significant impact on a variety of fields, including activism, politics, marketing, and education. It also highlights the need for a balanced strategy to maximise social media’s advantages while minimising its drawbacks

Cardinal direction judgment based on the integration of spatial reference frames in different languages

Abstract This study investigates how integrated egocentric and environmental reference frames influence direction determination and cardinal direction judgments in L1 speakers of Mongolian and Mandarin. The results show that in direction determination, Mandarin participants’ integrated frame of reference is “front-north, back-south, left-west, and right-east.” By contrast, Mongolian participants use two modes of integrated spatial representation: “front-south, back-north, left-east, and right-west” and “front-north, back-south, left-west, and right-east”. This behavior points to influences from the participants’ dominant and non-dominant languages. Mongolian and Mandarin participants showed a north advantage in cardinal direction judgment tasks with a “front-north” response configuration. Whereas Mandarin participants consistently showed a north advantage effect, Mongolian participants showed a south advantage effect in the “front-south” configuration. This suggests that in addition to the long-recognized difference in north-south/east-west axis preference, a north-south axis specification where south was the normative direction instead of north can result from cultural and linguistic influence. The results corroborate the idea that language affects the integration of spatial reference frames, lending support to linguistic relativism.

Clinical Manifestations.

In addition to measures of cognition, global Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials commonly include measures to assess functional status (activities of daily living; ADLs) and quality of life (QoL) reported by participants and study partners. Most common assessments were validated with North American, White, English-speaking populations and research suggests that these are not free from cultural and linguistic influence. ADLs and QoL may exhibit regional differences due to socioeconomic and cultural factors. It is important to understand how geo-cultural factors influence these measures, which are often used as trial efficacy endpoints. In this study, we examined the impact of geo-cultural region on ADCS-MCI-ADL and QoL-AD when considering baseline cognitive status. This study included electronic ADCS-MCI-ADL, QoL-AD, and ADAS-Cog data from two multi-national AD clinical trials of participants with prodromal to mild AD. Data were collected from three geo-cultural regions: Asia (n = 688); Western Europe (WE; n = 589); and North America (NA; n = 1925). Participants were stratified into five cohorts based on ADAS-Cog13 scores. QoL-AD Study Partner and AD Participant scores varied significantly across geo-cultural regions (Kruskal-Wallis test; p<0.0001). Both study partner-reported and participant reported QoL-AD scores in Asia were lower than scores in NA and WE for all ADAS-Cog13 cohorts (Dunn's test; p<0.0001). QoL-AD AD Participant scores in NA and WE did not differ. For participants with lower cognitive performance (ADAS-Cog > 40th percentile), study partner-reported QoL-AD scores in NA were significantly higher than those in WE (Dunn's test; p<0.05), but there was not significant difference on the participant-reported QoL-AD scores between these regions. ADCS-MCI-ADL scores were not significantly different across groups. Our study found that QoL-AD, but not ADCS-MCI-ADL scores differed significantly across geo-cultural regions when considering baseline cognitive performance. Both participant and study-partner reported QoL was lower in Asia than in WE and NA. Cross-regional differences in QoL may also be moderated by baseline cognitive performance. Different social norms and aging expectation, healthcare resources, and trial participation may have contributed to the regional variance observed. Future studies should examine if specific constructs are more contextually dependent on the local culture.

Breaking the vertical barrier: effects of vertical direction and rotation of an English loan brand name on product evaluation

PurposeThis study investigates the effects of vertical direction and rotation of English loan brand names in East Asian languages (Chinese and Korean) on processing fluency, perceived product quality and purchase intention.Design/methodology/approachFour experiments were conducted in China and Korea, employing a 2 (vertical direction: downward vs upward) X 3 (rotation: 0°/marquee vs 90° clockwise vs 90° counterclockwise) between-subjects factorial design.FindingsThe findings showed that when the English loan Chinese brand name was displayed downward, the marquee format was preferred, while counterclockwise rotation was favored when displayed upward. In Korean, clockwise rotation was preferred for downward presentation, while counterclockwise rotation was favored for upward presentation. The effects on purchase intention were mediated by processing fluency and perceived product quality.Practical implicationsThis research provides practical implications for global manufacturers and retailers, offering guidance on presenting brand names in East Asian languages and optimizing product packaging designs. For Chinese consumers, the marquee format is recommended for downward-oriented brand names, while counterclockwise rotation is effective for upward orientation. For Korean consumers, clockwise rotation is favored for downward presentation and counterclockwise rotation is preferred for upward presentation. Understanding linguistic habits allows the tailoring of brand presentations, enhancing brand perception and consumer responses.Originality/valueThis study contributes to understanding the role of cultural and linguistic influences on consumer information processing and product perception in vertical presentations of brand names.

Situational model of bullying in business communication

The subject of the study is speech activity affecting the participants of bullying situations in the context of business communications; linguistic means of implementing business bullying strategies and tactics when creating a negative media image of companies and persons in the context of information attacks; media linguistic characteristics of texts related to bullying phenomena in business communication (structure, vocabulary, style, etc.); extralinguistic factors influencing the manifestation and perception of bullying in the business environment, including socio-cultural, psychological and economic aspects. The object of the study is destructive verbal content with signs of business bullying placed in open communication channels, including its media and linguistic manifestations. Within the framework of this work, the emphasis is placed on the specifics of the media linguistic analysis of business communication texts in the context of bullying, as well as on external factors that can influence this process. Special attention is paid to the structure of subject-object relations in the practice of information aggression directed against business. The methodology has developed under the influence of modern media linguistics, when an activity-procedural, praxeological approach to the analysis of the media text is implemented. The thematic discourse of business bullying is distinguished by the length of time, complex interactions, and multicomponent structure of the linguistic architecture of media communication, so the basic method was the praxeological transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary integration of research methods, procedures and techniques – formed the basis of the work. The relevance of the research is due to the combination of the rapidly changing digital landscape, the social responsibility of business and the need for effective strategies to prevent or respond to bullying cases in business communication. The scientific novelty lies in the identification of linguistic signs of business bullying and the construction of communication models of business bullying. The results obtained can be used both in academic research and in the practical activities of the business community. The author proposes to build communication situational models of bullying in the context of business communication on the basis of subject-object relations, which allow to determine patterns of information aggression, analyze components, specify the role of participants, isolate manipulative practices, build business risk strategies, formulate strategies to combat and overcome the consequences of business bullying.

How cross–linguistic influence affects the use of duration in the production and perception of corrective and non–corrective focus types

AbstractSpeakers use corrective focus as an explicit way to correct misunderstandings in communication. We investigate whether immersive contact with a rhythmically different language affects the production and perception of duration as a cue to corrective and non–corrective focus. We tested twenty-eight native speakers and sixty-four native listeners of Urdu, half of whom lived in Germany and used German as a second language, and half lived in Pakistan. German is a stress–timed language with head–prominence marking and makes intensive use of duration to mark corrective focus, while Urdu is a syllable–timed language with edge–prominence marking, which uses duration differently from German to mark focus types. Results showed that the majority language, German, affected focus processing in Urdu differently across modalities: In production, focus marking was not affected by country of residence, while in perception, Urdu speakers living in Germany were more sensitive to duration in the corrective focus context than Urdu speakers in Pakistan. We analyze this as cross–linguistic influence and argue that contact with a stress–timed, head–prominence majority language (here: German) affects the cue weighting in the native language Urdu in perception but not (yet) in production.

The Influence of Linguistics in Society

This essay explores the multifaceted influence of linguistics on society, encompassing cultural identity, social integration, education, communication, cognitive development, social norms, gender identity, and global communication. Linguistics, as the scientific study of language, shapes various aspects of human interactions and societal dynamics. It serves as a repository of cultural heritage, enhances social cohesion, informs education and cognitive development, influences communication channels, challenges or reinforces social norms, fosters gender inclusivity, facilitates global interaction, and aids in the preservation of indigenous languages.

Examination of the Influence of Betawi Language Elements on the Speech Morphology of Jakarta's Teenagers

This research aims to explore how the Betawi language impacts the speech patterns of adolescents in Jakarta. Utilizing qualitative approach and descriptive analytics, the study focuses on words within sentences that show Betawi interference, categorized into affixation, reduplication, composition, and acronyms. Key findings reveal significant Betawi influence in the areas of affixation and reduplication. For instance, words were often modified with Betawi-inspired prefixes, suffixes, or confixes, and a specific form of repetition, 'dwilingga,' was also evident. Interestingly, no Betawi interference was found in composition and acronyms. This suggests Betawi language has a selective influence on speech morphology, primarily affecting affixation and reduplication. The study provides valuable insights for future research on linguistic influences in multi-ethnic and multi-lingual settings like Jakarta

Decoding Visual Neural Representations by Multimodal Learning of Brain-Visual-Linguistic Features.

Decoding human visual neural representations is a challenging task with great scientific significance in revealing vision-processing mechanisms and developing brain-like intelligent machines. Most existing methods are difficult to generalize to novel categories that have no corresponding neural data for training. The two main reasons are 1) the under-exploitation of the multimodal semantic knowledge underlying the neural data and 2) the small number of paired (stimuli-responses) training data. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a generic neural decoding method called BraVL that uses multimodal learning of brain-visual-linguistic features. We focus on modeling the relationships between brain, visual and linguistic features via multimodal deep generative models. Specifically, we leverage the mixture-of-product-of-experts formulation to infer a latent code that enables a coherent joint generation of all three modalities. To learn a more consistent joint representation and improve the data efficiency in the case of limited brain activity data, we exploit both intra- and inter-modality mutual information maximization regularization terms. In particular, our BraVL model can be trained under various semi-supervised scenarios to incorporate the visual and textual features obtained from the extra categories. Finally, we construct three trimodal matching datasets, and the extensive experiments lead to some interesting conclusions and cognitive insights: 1) decoding novel visual categories from human brain activity is practically possible with good accuracy; 2) decoding models using the combination of visual and linguistic features perform much better than those using either of them alone; 3) visual perception may be accompanied by linguistic influences to represent the semantics of visual stimuli.

English-Sourced Direct and Indirect Borrowings in a New Lexicon of Polish Anglicisms

In recent decades, Polish has experienced an unprecedented influx of English-sourced borrowings, both overt (loanwords) and covert (calques). This linguistic influence echoes the social, technological, environmental and ideological transformations, with these changes reflected in the Polish lexicon. The paper describes a lexicographic project aimed at updating the Słownik zapożyczeń angielskich w polszczyźnie (A Dictionary of Anglicisms in Polish) that was published in 2010. We discuss the theoretical assumptions, the content and the sources of the data for a new, corpus-based dictionary that is in the making, and illustrate the lexicographic solutions we adopted with regard to both well-established and the most recent direct and indirect Anglicisms. We also address the issue of the frequency and the usage of the latter in present-day Polish.

SYNTACTIC MEANS OF LANGUAGE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FUNCTION OF INFLUENCING THE ADDRESSEE

Persuasion is of great importance in the implementation of linguistic influence; using linguistic means of different levels, the addresser seeks to change the addressee’s mental state, forces them to agree with the speaker’s opinion and change life attitudes, principles, views, and way of behaving. Among the variety of means of influence, the syntactic resources of the Ukrainian language play an important role.&#x0D; The article analyzes the peculiarities of the syntactic means in the implementation of the function of influencing the addressee based on the material of preaching works.&#x0D; The article marks interrogative sentences performing the function of influence. At the beginning of the sermon, they performed the role of an introduction, set the listeners to perceive the content, the preacher engaged the listeners in direct interaction with him with the help of questions.&#x0D; Syntactic structures with the meaning of motivation were the means of linguistic realization of will expression. Priests gave admonitions mostly by predicates, expressed by verbs of the imperative mood in the plural form. The plural form was at the same time a linguistic means of implementation the tactics of solidarity with the addressee.&#x0D; With the help of syntactic structures with a compound nominal predicate, the tactics of explanation were implemented. Usually in this case statements were framed as definitions; with their help the essence of theological and other important concepts discussed in the sermon was explained.&#x0D; An obligatory component of the sermon text was the wish to the believers; they were usually expressed in the final part of the speech. Wishes using forms of the imperative mood with the particles "khai", "nekhai" (let) expressed a high degree of confidence in its implementation, and repetitions and amplifications brought them closer to suggestive types of linguistic influence. A structural element determining the sermon was a prayer appeal to the higher forces with a request to preserve, protect and turn away from all evil. Appealing to the higher forces with the help of requests helped to create the effect of their constant presence among believers, which, accordingly, strengthened their faith.&#x0D; Syntactic resources of the language were used to give expressiveness to the speech; anaphora and other types of repetition most productively realized this goal.&#x0D; Results of the analysis proved that the syntactic resources of the language were a powerful tool for influencing the addressee and implementing the speaker’s intentions.

The influence of General Linguistics on Chinese Linguistics

The influence of General Linguistics on Chinese Linguistics