Linguistic Image Research Articles

Stereotypowy wizerunek kobiety i mężczyzny w rosyjskojęzycznych tekstach medialnych

Stereotypes are an essential part of everyone’s perceptions and judgments in modern culture. A stereotype is a component of the linguistic image of the world, an element of the linguistic and cultural code. The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the linguistic determinants of the stereotypical image of men and women in modern Russian society. The research material was taken from media messages and various texts from the Russian-language Internet. The method of linguistic analysis used made it possible to isolate 62 stereotypes, which were described in structural and semantic terms. The beliefs about women and men discussed in the article confirm the existence of a stereotypical way of knowing the world in the Russian community.

Comparative-historical description of proverbs related to cow in the Kazakh and Mongolian languages

The article gives a comparative-historical description of cow paremias in the KazakhMongolian languages. Proverbs are an invaluable treasure of the lexical fund of any people. Ethnogenic and glottogenesis information is well preserved in proverbs. Since the study of paremias from the point of view of comparative-linguistic folkloristics has not yet been started in general linguistics, including Altaistics, conducting research in this field is becoming a pressing problem of the present period. If we solve the mentioned problem, it would be easy to determine the linguistic image of the developed world in the knowledge of each nation. The purpose of the research work was to comment on the proverbs of related languages at a scientific level and provide historical descriptions. For this purpose, a review of the scientific works of Altaic studies, including Turkic languages and Mongolian languages, was reviewed before this period. In addition, focusing on the scientific views in the field of paremiology, during the complex analysis, research objects were classified into several thematic groups, and a relative-meaningful explanation was given to them. The national values and knowledge collected during the Paremias are very valuable not only in the field of Altaistics, but also for linguistics in general.

NAMES OF TREES AND SHRUBS IN A FEW POLISH DIALECTS IN UKRAINE

Flora is an inseparable element of rural life and, consequently, it preserves the linguistic image of the world in human consciousness. The paper presents the vocabulary relating to the world of trees and shrubs in a few Polish dialects in Khmelnytskyi and Zhytomyr regions in Ukraine based on several published dictionaries and unpublished texts. The examined thematic scope counts 149 lexical units, divided into five groups: “General notions and places of growing”, “Names of trees and shrubs”, “Parts of trees and shrubs”, “Characteristics of trees and shrubs” and “Functioning of trees and shrubs”. The analysis goes beyond presenting exclusively “peculiar” lexemes in favour of a comprehensive approach to the researched scope, what corresponds to the latest tendencies in studying Polish vocabulary in Ukraine. Thus, the article shows both native Polish lexical layer counting 84 words (i.e. 56%), of which 57 words (i.e. 68%) are common to Polish and Ukrainian and/or Russian, and borrowed layer counting 65 words from Ukrainian and/or Russian (i.e. 44%), among which Ukrainianisms definitely prevail (i.e. 68%). Showing the ratio of native Polish to borrowed lexical layer reveals, on the one hand, the strength of the native language, and on the other hand, the strength of foreign influences. Their competition manifests itself among others in broad synonymy that can appear on different levels. It is worth emphasizing that the research concerns word registers and dictionaries and consequently does not reflect the frequency of word use in texts. We suppose that a frequency study of thematic vocabulary would bring different results and should be the subject of further research.

Oficerowie armii rosyjskiej w oczach generała Anatolija Rosenshilda von Paulina. Дневники: Воспоминания о кампании 1914–1915 годов

The article is devoted to the issue of the linguistic image of the world in the memoir of General Anatolij Rosenshild von Paulin. The author recalls who General Anatoly Rosenshild von Paulin was. She discusses pragmalinguistic and linguistic means by which the image of the officers of the Russian army is created. Descriptions of the officers’ behavior in specific situations are provided, as well as examples of evaluative vocabulary from A. Rosenshild von Paulin’s opinions about the officers. The author considers various reasons why the image of the officers is negative. She comes to the conclusion that the image of the officers presented in the analyzed text is not objective.

Continuity of the lexeme gün “«sun”« in the Book of Korkyt Ata

In the article we define phonological, semantic, grammatical and pragmatic continuity in the modern Kazakh language, based on the study of the historical lexeme «gün» (sun) in the comparative historical aspect of the written monument The Book of Korkut Ata.Historical lexemes are peculiar structures in the main layer of the vocabulary of the modern Kazakh language. They perform a cumulative function from father to son, establishing the ideological features and values of the nation in the world linguistic image. In the historical process, historical lexemes created for certain reasons in certain conditions and tempered over time by consumers of the same language are comprehensively developed in the language environment and still satisfy the communicative needs of consumers. The continuity of linguistic facts of the written monument The Book of Korkut Ata with the Kazakh language is considered. The written monument The Book of Korkut Ata – originated among the Oguz-Kipchak tribes who inhabited the Cheese in the VIII-XIII centuries, fixed such historical lexemes, and spread by word of mouth to all peoples of Turkish origin. Although the correspondence of this Monument to the languages of the Oguz group is high, a small number of works studying phonological, lexico-semantic, pragmatic correspondence to the Kipchak languages indicates the relevance of this article. In general, the The Book of Korkut Ata provides information about everyday life, geographical names, customs, traditions, beliefs, and the history of the entire people. This substantial aspect of language, that is, the description of the linguistic picture of the world generated by cumulative activity, requires consideration of historical facts in accordance with the requirements of modern times. In particular, we determine the level of preservation of the token “«gün”« (sun) in the modern Kazakh language and evaluate the place of the Kazakh language in the historical dictionary. Thus, restoring the nature of the language and the Middle Turkic vocabulary, we will try to determine the specifics of the Middle age Turkic worldview.

Czy choroba jest kobietą? – o językowym obrazie wybranych dolegliwości (rozważania na podstawie tekstów polskiego folkloru)

The author focuses on presenting the linguistic images of the disease established in Polish folk culture. She analyzes various linguistic data (from names to texts) that testify to traces of old beliefs regarding the perception of individual ailments as living beings, especially women. The article also discusses the primary causes of the disease anthropomorphization.

Языковой образ: дискурсивно-модусный креатив

he phenomenon of discourse as a communicative event is key to the developing theory of linguistic image. The discursive comprehension of the communicative event which generates linguistic images is carried out through its cognitive-metaphorical interpretation. The genesis of the linguistic image is considered from the stage of the emergence of the naïve concept, that primordial framework which connects the object-sensible image with the discursive and modus concept. Its paradigm contains the cognitive and eventual component, which, being addressed to the pragmatic component of the communicative situation, generates the architectonics of the linguistic image. The idea is held that discursive and modus hypostasis of a communicatively significant event serves as a primary basis for the formation of visual outlines of the corresponding fragment of the verbalized picture of the world. This, in turn, involves the work of the so-called discursive consciousness. In line with this judgement, the ways of formation of a linguistic image are shown. The initial stimulus here is the cognitive reproduction from the annals of ethno-cultural memory of sensations and perceptions received earlier, correlated with the actual communicative event. Interpreted by the discursive consciousness in the form of an ethno-cultural concept, the object-sensual image transforms into a linguistic image. Its categorical features are established: associativity, metaphoricity, polysemy, originality, ethno-cultural conditionality, intellectual-emotional synergy of thought and feeling.

Linguistic Image of Death (LID): The Representation of President Emil Hácha’s Death in the Czech Press of the Period

This paper explores the linguistic image of death (LID) of President Emil Hácha in selected Czech newspapers published in June and July 1945 (in Rudé právo and Svobodné slovo). The author verifies certain methods of cognitive linguistics studying the linguistic image of the world in articles thematically related to the passing of this representative of Czech national politics and his funeral. The following aspects are considered to be important: conceptual metaphors, the opposition of I versus the other, and the study of stereotypes and political ethics (conservative versus progressive: the model of the strict father morality versus the model of a caretaker). Before analysing president Hácha's LID, the author tries to place the president's death in a broader context, summarizing characteristic features of LID of imminent Czechoslovak presidents who governed the country in politically critical periods of its history: of T. G. Masaryk and E. Beneš.

Le sens de fête en polonais, en lituanien, en français et sa (non)coïncidence collocationnelle

The linguistic overview of the word holiday in the three languages (French, Lithuanian and Polish) is promising for the intercultural approach to teaching French as a foreign language with a view to go beyond the roughly monocultural contexts in Poland and Lithuania. The research is based on text corpora in these three languages. Its objective is to analyse the linguistic images of the word holiday and its Lithuanian and Polish equivalents and to examine their collocational (non)coincidence in order to systematize the teaching/learning of collocations to French learners. The aim would be to help students retain meaning and lexical association simultaneously, as well as to fix the structures they already partially know and to discover (inter)cultural aspects.

Калькирование как один из механизмов создания языкового образа

The paper deals with the phenomenon of a linguistic image. The work summarises the theoretical approaches to understanding the scope and content of the notion of “linguistic image” known to modern linguistics. It is argued that the set of mechanisms for creating linguistic images does not vary greatly in research papers. The author proposes to expand the existing list of tools for constructing a linguistic image with the addition of such a lexical way as the process of calquing. The aim of the study is to provide a structural-semantic description of the linguistic means of calquing representing the linguistic image of modern politics. It is stated that the linguocreativity of the latter is manifested in broad paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations of calques in the receiving language, as well as in the active manifestation of their derivational abilities in the recipient language. Thus, the study is novel in that it is the first to consider calquing as a lexical mechanism for creating linguistic images. The study findings have shown that calques being a result of linguocultural influence in the conditions of interethnic communication can be deemed one of the linguocreative symbols of the modern linguistic worldview.

THE MECHANISM OF SEMANTIC ANALYSIS IN LINGUISTIC TEXTS THE POEM "SANEA AL-NUJOOM" BY THE POET AHMED JARALLAH YASSIN AS A MODEL

Most of our students find some difficulties in analyzing linguistic texts, especially those who do not have neither linguistic talent nor intuition, and we must find an easy way to benefit them, so I did not find easier than asking questions using the interrogative tool (why), and after answering them, Starting with the lexical domain: the reason for choosing a word instead of its synonym, and looking at its exact meaning, sounds, and syllables, and the morphological domain: the reason for choosing a morphological form instead of another, such as the "base noun" instead of "increased noun" or "increased with a letter" instead of "increased with two letters", or "with a hamza" instead of "with double", and so on., And the grammatical domain: the reason for choosing a grammatical structure instead of another, such as submission and delay, the use of the nominal phrase instead of the verb phrase and vice versa, or to use of the addition instead of the omission, and so on. We must mention that any change in any of these domains affects the phonemic aspect, as synonyms have different sounds, and morphological forms may also change by changing their sounds, their sounds may increase, decrease, or change the sound syllables change in terms of type and number as well. The same is the case with changing grammatical structures, as the positions of words and their diacritics may change, and they are phonemes. The analysis mechanism develops linguistic skills and teaches the ability to distinguish the linguistic image at all linguistic levels. Language is not an ordinary means of communication, but rather a means that reveals the feelings that are hidden within the human soul and expresses them as body language, to reach the recipient. If he is a skilled linguist, he will understand that more than others. Based on this, we chose a recent linguistic text by the Iraqi poet Professor Dr. Ahmed Jarallah Yassin, an instructor at the Faculty of Arts at the University of Mosul in Iraq. The reason we chose this poem is that it simulates the life of those who lived in Iraq in the seventies, a difficult, dangerous, sad, painful, frightening life full of problems and worries that kill hope and wish to end the war and let love replace all that befalls destruction, devastation, ignorance, disease, and poverty, even children’s games were only weapons, which do not pay a price for human life and do not develop the spirit of help, but rather encourage revenge and killing. Key words: Semantic Analysis, The Poet Ahmed Jarallah Yassin, The Poem "Sanea AlNujoom

О ВЛИЯНИИ ЛИЧНОСТНЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПЕРЕВОДЧИКА НА РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ТЕКСТА

Statement of the problem. Translation of fiction is one of the most difficult types of translation. Translators face an incredible task: to recreate a text in another language so that it does not lose its meaning, visual component, aesthetic impact on a reader and, most importantly, the author must be heard and understood. Preservation of a linguistic image is also a requirement for translation of a literary text. Among other things, knowledge of cultural characteristics of peoples, their mentality, traditions and lifestyle help a translator in the process of work. However, we must not forget about an important factor that can affect the perception of the original and subsequently affect the quality of the translation. Each of us has a certain set of psychological characteristics that somehow affect our lives, our views and beliefs. The translator is no exception. The choice of a word, the creation of a semantic image hides the personality, temperament and portrait of a translator. As a result of all these components, a translator’s own idiostyle appears. The purpose of the article is to analyze reflections of personal characteristics of professional translators and students (at the Department of Foreign Languages of the Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University named after V.P. Astafyev) in translation of fiction on the example of Ray Bradbury’s work “Fahrenheit 451”. Methodology includes analysis of psychological and linguistic literature on the research problem, a method of lexicographic and contextual analysis, conduction of a survey, statistical processing of the data obtained. Conclusions. During the study, it was revealed that the choice of vocabulary, the usage of translation transformations, the interpretation of various linguistic units largely depends on a person’s character, temperament, worldview, emotions, and imagination. The same word can be understood in different ways. This trend can be traced not only among those who are professionally engaged in translation, but also among those who are just getting on this path.

Colour Terms in Five Linguistic Images of the World: The Semantic Perspective

Social and cultural factors shape the linguistic perception of colour. At the same time, colour terms co-create the linguistic image of the world, which allows us to interpret reality and profile our statements and beliefs. This paper presents six basic colour terms: white, black, red, green, yellow, and blue (both as adjectives and as nouns) in the five different linguistic images of the world of the following languages: English, French, Italian, Polish, and Japanese. The methodological framework is based on cultural linguistics theory and the basis of semantics. The study explores denotative and connotative meanings of colour terms with their collocations. The data gathered from monolingual, bilingual, collocation, and phraseological dictionaries is analysed from the lexical-semantic point of view. The paper discusses semantic differences between contrasting cultures, especially in the blue-green and red lexis. Simultaneously, the findings point to transcultural and global aspects of colour meanings. Both the contexts of cultural diversity and of geographic location are emphasised in the colour semantics. Colours as linguistic signs can specify and categorise reality in terms of feelings, mental attitudes, or sensual reactions. The examined words also refer to location, nature, and the human body. The study shows that colour terms are multifunctional units in the linguistic image of the world, both in terms of the analysed languages separately and as an illustration of the cultural community of different ethnic languages.

Językowy obraz demokracji w polszczyźnie

THE LINGUISTIC IMAGE OF DEMOCRACY IN POLISH LANGUAGE
 The article attempts to reconstruct the linguistic image of DEMOCRACY in Polish language in accordance with the methodological assumptions of the “Lublin school of cognitive ethnolinguistics”. The material for analysis has been excerpted from three types of sources: dictionaries, surveys and texts. First, a set of fundamental defining features (“basic features”) of the concept of DEMOCRACY has been established, which focused on four aspects: political, social, ethical and economic. Second, using the operation of profiling, the author of the article outlined which sets of features are ascribed to DEMOCRACY in various types of Polish public discourse. Particular attention has been given to the following (basic) features of the analysed concept: power/majority rule, freedom, equality, tolerance and pluralism.

Global digitalization and linguistic aesthetics

The digital civilization dictates new formats of aesthetic parameters of narrative and communication. In a publicistic way, the article discusses the problem of correlations between digitalization and linguistic aesthetics. Emphasis is placed on the negative consequences of current global trends in the field of artificial intelligence. The paper offers one of the ways to solve the problem in question considering the philological and aesthetic impact on the language thinking of the individual in order to form a harmoniously developed linguistic personality. In this case, the linguo-aesthetic parameters of texts are inexhaustible material for innovative research. Linguistic aesthetics is an integral part of national culture, in particular, linguistic culture. In the collective consciousness of speakers of the national language, the aesthetic aspect of the text generates a linguo-aesthetic image of the world peculiar to each linguistic community. The article considers some aspects of aesthetic communication and the literary image of the world with regard to the discursive factors of artistic texts. The working hypothesis is that the linguo-aesthetics of the French language have a high degree of linguocultural activity in the modern French national discourse and, accordingly, in the linguistic image of the world. The prospects of the research on the linguo-aesthetics of creativity and conceptual image of the world are outlined.

LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE ARTISTIC TEXT DURING THE STUDY OF UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The peculiarities of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the artistic text at classes of Ukrainian as a foreign language are analyzed in the article. The concept of linguistic and cultural adaptation is considered in the context of categories of linguistic picture of the world and artistic picture of the world. It can be defined as the readiness of a foreigner to perceive and analyze the background knowledge embedded in the canon of ethnic culture. A language image is defined as a concept that integrates linguistic and artistic world pictures. In the structure of the linguistic picture of the world, it functions as a stereotype, that is, an element of background knowledge that is socially fixed in the people’s consciousness and is a part of the cultural canon. As a unit of the artistic picture of the world, the linguistic image is a means of text creation, or literary modeling of reality, by which we understand the unfolding of a single image associated with a certain emotion, deposited in the author’s mind, a verbal-associative grid that structures and reflects the meaning of the text. In addition to the phonetic, lexical, grammatical and stylistic levels of linguistic and cultural adaptation, one more level is distinguished – the ethnic cultural level, at which the speaker understands the cultural code of the language, successfully operates with key concepts, images of the corresponding linguistic culture. The algorithm of linguistic and cultural adaptation of the artistic text in the process of learning of Ukrainian as a foreign language is defined using the example of the image of heart. Exercises are offered for successful linguistic and cultural adaptation of the artistic text at the classes of Ukrainian as a foreign language. Key words: linguistic and cultural adaptation, artistic text, language image, background knowledge, linguistic picture of the world, artistic picture of the world, linguistic consciousness.

Stratégies discursives d'utilisation des expressions numérologiques et parémies

Modern sciences widely use comparative methods in the study of phraseological and paremiological backgrounds based on different systems of languages. Studies identify what is common and characteristic of the analyzed linguistic units and highlight what is characteristic only of a certain language. The universal category of quantity and the concept of number closely related to it arose from the earliest stages of the development of human thought. In addition to a logical and rational way of knowing the surrounding reality, they reflect people's faith in the mystical essence of numbers and their magical power. This irrational belief is inherent in all cultural traditions, without exception. The two ways of perceiving and knowing the surrounding reality coexist and are realized in human language. The linguistic expression of the numerical models accompanying a person in his historical development is based on cognitive knowledge, which has many universal characteristics. The purpose of the work is to study the pragmatics of numerological units in language and the reflection of speech in speech due to many components of the lexico-semantic level and the level of speech acts. Achieving this goal is facilitated by solving the following tasks: 1) study of the characteristics and functioning of the number in various linguistic images of the world; 2) the study of the numerological aspect in phraseological units and paroemias to identify their national and cultural specificities; 3) consideration of the meaning of number symbolism and identification of cultural codes in phraseological units and paroemias of various cultures. The perspectives of this study are presented in another comparative analysis of the lexical (direct) and connotative meanings of linguistic units with a numerological component in other languages, as well as linguistic units that do not have a direct quantitative meaning but realize the quantitative significance in a pragmatic-discursive aspect. Such studies will contribute to a complete description of the world of numbers.

„Zaszczytnie odznaczeni na polu naukowem”. Obraz polskich uczonych i badaczy w „Wędrowcu” (1863–1906)

The aim of the article is to present the linguistic image of Polish scholars and research- ers whose profiles, biographies and obituaries were published in the Warsaw weekly newspaper Wędrowiec (Traveller) in the second half of the nineteenth century. Ana- lysing the collected texts, the author distinguished a set of seven aspects which were taken into account by the journalists of Wędrowiec to present the profiles of the schol- ars. Those aspects are the following: the subject of research, scientific achievements, journalistic and publishing activities, didactic and educational activities, science-pro- moting activities, organisational activities, awards and distinctions. They were deter- mined by the points of view adopted by the authors of the texts. There are three domi- nant points of view: the one of an expert, a Pole and a positivist. These points of view coexist and complement each other. The expert and specialist informed the reader in detail about the scientific career and achievements of the scholars. The Polish publi- cist expressed his joy at the international success of his countrymen. He observed their research and scientific achievements with attention; especially those that influenced the development of fields important for the country. The positivist and journalist noticed and emphasised the utilitarian dimension of the scientific and research activities of the scholars.

Development and Preservation of Paremia about a Person in the Book of «Korkyt Ata» in the Kazakh Language

In this article, authors seek to determine the connection of historical paroemias with proverbs used in the modern Kazakh language, based on the study of paroemias in the book of «Korkyt Ata» in a comparative historical aspect. Paremias are special structures in the language of a certain nation. They perform a cumulative function from father to child, establishing the ideological features and values of the nation in the world linguistic image. In the historical process, the paremias created for one reason or another under certain conditions and worked out by the consumers of the language, develop lexically, phonetically, grammatically, pragmatically, preserving their original or basic pragmatics, occupy a place in the synchronous vocabulary and implement the communication requests of consumers. It is not known when exactly they appeared and who was the real author. However, the marking of historical paremias on well-known written monuments opens up new opportunities for comparative historical research. It also helps to identify the features of the development of historical paremia at different stages. The paremias in the book «Korkyt ata» attract with their variety of aspects, among which there are several: 1. The Kazakh people have preserved proverbs, oratorical proverbs, winged expressions, reserved legends «Korkyt Atadan kalgan» (left from Korkyt Ata) or «Korkyt aitypty» (Korkyt said). 2. These paremias are also found among other Turkic peoples, so there is a problem of determining the general base of paremias. 3. A certain part of the proverbs of the Kazakh people is recorded in the book «Korkyt ata». That is, historical paroemias in the book «Korkyt Ata» have been transformed and developed for more than 500 years, forming a certain construction in the Kazakh language of the Kipchak group. Consequently, proverbs and sayings tend to vividly express the cultural essence of a nation filtered from the depths of history.

Reading riddles aright: a cognitive linguistic analysis of English and Ukrainian riddles

The article offers an analysis of the conceptual structure of English and Ukrainian riddles with the subsequent comparison of the empirical data under scrutiny. The relevance of the cognitive-linguistic vantage point adopted in the paper is determined by the fact that riddles constitute coal-and-ice elements of the linguistic image of the world which is a reflection of the ethnic conceptual image of the world. Thus, exposing the conceptual organization of riddles lays foundations for establishing unique features of the mindset of the English and Ukrainian peoples reflected in riddles in both languages. To reach the goal, I apply the methodology of conceptual analysis, namely the notions of conceptual sphere and domain introduced by cognitive linguists, as well as basic propositional schemas that feature in semantics of lingual networks. The research consists of two stages. At the first stage, I perform the modeling of the conceptual arrangement of objects the riddles refer to. The objects are found to fall within one of the two conceptual spheres (LIVING BEINGS and INANIMATE OBJECTS) that consist of three and six domains correspondingly. At the second stage, the characteristics of referents that are mentioned in the riddles serving as clues for guessing them are considered. These 25 characteristics are viewed as predicates of 11 basic propositional schemas. In conclusions, I draw a comparison between the riddles of the two languages. The similar features are attributed to the universals embedded in the conceptual image of the world symptomatic of all humans whereas the revealed differences pertain to idioethnic specificity of the two linguistic communities.