Linguistic Capabilities Research Articles

Unveiling the Linguistic Capabilities of a Self-Supervised Speech Model Through Cross-Lingual Benchmark and Layer- Wise Similarity Analysis

Unveiling the Linguistic Capabilities of a Self-Supervised Speech Model Through Cross-Lingual Benchmark and Layer- Wise Similarity Analysis

Композиционно-структурные, семантические и пресуппозиционально-прагматические параметры и дефекты сгенерированных коротких текстов в языковой нейросети GigaChat

Introduction. The relevance of the study lies primarily in the fact that the increasingly active appeal of the widest circles of users to the generation of texts of different genres, properties and volumes using the so-called LLM (Large Language Model) creates the need to study the actual linguistic capabilities of these generative models, including the need for linguistic research of the texts they generate. It is also important that a large number of specialists from different fields actively use the generative capabilities of linguistic neural networks for purely professional purposes, which means that the quality of generated texts has acquired the status of a production factor and directly affects success in professional activities, which also indicates the relevance of our research. Materials and Methods. The texts of short stories were chosen as the object of study, since in a certain respect, such texts can be considered as archetypal structures that underlie texts of certain functional types (scripts, advertising texts and stories). Analysis. This state of affairs requires studying the generated stories, including in the aspect of the representation of frame structures in it, since this will allow us to get an idea of how texts of this type are structured from the point of view of standard linguistic semantics, including syntactic semantics. Results. It has been established that, despite all grammatical, structural-semantic and compositional adequacy, the texts of short stories generated in GigaChatPro, created by the network on a certain topic or according to a certain frame, may contain violations in global semantic organization, generated by both presuppositional-pragmatic violations and violations in text reference. Violations in the general functional pragmatics of the generated stories were also noted: pronounced edification and the length of sentences up to 5-7 words are characteristic of stories for children of primary school age, despite the fact that the themes of these stories initially do not correspond to their age interests.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ DEEPL TRANSLATE В ПЕРЕВОДЕ ПОСЛОВИЦ И ПОГОВОРОК (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА)

The article presents the results of the study of the linguistic capabilities of machine translation of English proverbs and sayings based on DeepL Translate technology. Methodological recommendations for style adaptation of digital translation have been developed. Correction of automated translation of proverbs and sayings is recommended to be carried out with the use of such translation methods as communicative way of translation, interpretation, holistic transformation technique, equivalence, and others. It was concluded that the DeepL Translate program needs to be improved in terms of pragmatic adaptation of the received text to the dominants of the literary translation.

Некалькi слоў пра гiбрыдны характар тэксту Маўлюда XVIII ст.

The present article focuses on the text created by Belarusian–Polish–Lithuanian Tatars that admires the birth of the Prophet Muhammad with the ap- propriate title “Mawlid” (Birth). The time of text creation is unknown. Although, the last rewriting of the manuscript is most likely to have taken place no earlier than the second half of the 18th century, that is, according to some researchers, when the Polish language prevailed in texts written by the Tatars who lived on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The language of the text under consideration can be described as hybrid. Hybrid texts were based on a native speaker’s linguistic capabilities with an orientation to some book that served an example. On the one hand, the linguistic structure of such a text reflected the idiolect of its creator, and, on the other hand, it included the elements of the book example the creator was guided by. The objective of the article is to study the lexi- cal structure of the text in question which is a mixture of lexemes belonging to different languages. There are a number of Arabic and Turkish words in the text. Regarding Slavonic words, it is difficult to determine their origin accurately due to genetic links of the languages. Definitely, there have been attested lexemes be- longing to Common Slavic, along with Church Slavonic and East Slavonic words of Polish origin. In conclusion, it is assumed that norms pertaining to the Polish language became weaker gradually. This statement can be supported by the fact that “Mawlid” (Birth) was created no earlier than the 18th century, when the ter- ritories bordering the Russian Empire alongside the territories which had entered the Russian Empire after partitioning the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were greatly influenced by the East Slavonic dialects as well as standards in writing. The fact that there is a mixture of not only phonetic and morphological but also lexical elements in the text does not seem to suggest that such a process took place only as a result of repeated text rewriting. There also may be a case typical of undifferentiated multilingualism when a speaker does not separate the system of languages and uses the first option that comes to mind without thinking about its linguistic affiliation.

The Students' Linguistic Intelligence Profile on Speaking Skill at SMA Negeri 21 Makassar

This research aims to reveal the students' linguistic intelligence profile on speaking skills. This research employed a qualitative research design, with the use of qualitative methods explored the relation between the students' linguistic intelligence to their skills or abilities in speaking. This study involved the students of class XI grade SMA Negeri 21 Makassar, consisted 50 students, in which the research participants were divided into two classes, XI.4 and XI.5, with 25 students per class. In the process of collecting the data, several instruments were utilized such as observation, students' English intelligence assessment that contained students' responses to linguistic intelligence, and interviews. This research analyzed the data through three phases, including data reduction, data display, and verification, in order to investigate the impact of students speaking skills as measured by their intelligence in linguistics, which were then classified into four categories such as low, average, good, and excellent. The result of this study revealed that the majority of students in both classes XI.4 and XI.5 mostly came into the good category regarding their linguistic capabilities, with 10 and 11 students, respectively. These findings indicated that a significant number of the students were dominating in the aspect of could speak the target language with correct intonation and pronunciation but still required corrections and guidance since the students were not too fluent in performing speech. Moreover, two students in grade XI.5 showed a high standard of fluency, vocabulary, and a good understanding of grammar and idioms, placing them in the "excellent" category. Both of these students demonstrated their linguistic knowledge can adapt well to various communication situations, and be aware of relevant communication norms and ethics.

For a More Inclusive Language Practice: Rethinking Multilingualism through Olga Grjasnowa’s Work

This article examines Olga Grjasnowa’s debut novel Der Russe ist einer, der Birken liebt (2012) alongside her more recent publication Die Macht der Mehrsprachigkeit: Über Herkunft und Vielfalt (2021) through the lens of multilingualism. In the novel, national standard languages, dialects, and Others’ languages proliferate but are nonetheless tied to hegemonic contexts where economic success, hospitality, citizenship, and inclusion depend on but are not guaranteed by linguistic capabilities, a condition best theorized in terms of postmultilingualism. Reading both texts side by side also offers new insights for a more inclusive and equitable language practice, which will also be discussed.

Can ChatGPT Boost Artistic Creation: The Need of Imaginative Intelligence for Parallel Art

ChatGPT, one of the leading Large Language Models (LLMs), has acquired linguistic capabilities such as text comprehension and logical reasoning, enabling it to engage in natural conversations with humans. As illustrated in “What Does ChatGPT Say: The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence” [1], there are three levels of intelligence: 1) Algorithmic Intelligence (AI), 2) Linguistic Intelligence (LI), 3) Imaginative Intelligence (II). ChatGPT is a powerful demonstration of Linguistic Intelligence, another milestone after AlphaGo for Algorithmic Intelligence [1]–[3]. We believe the next break-through in intelligence should be Imaginative Intelligence for artistic creation.

Animals in the Mirror of Anthropomorphism in Richard Adams’ Watership Down and Amitav Gosh’s The Hungry Tide

Writers of literary works have long used animals to promote favored morals and values. The depiction of animals in literature renders these nonhumans to social actors enhancing a narrative viewpoint that the animal itself is totally unaware of. This appropriation between humans and nonhuman behaviors is mostly achieved through anthropomorphism, the interpretation of non-human features and events in terms of human characteristics. The relationship between humans and animals has been evolved in literature. There’s quite a variance between earlier literature and more modern works. The past few decades have witnessed a dramatic shift in the way the relationship between humans and animals is demonstrated in modern fiction. Novels that were composed during the second half of the last century frequently displayed fantastically hybrid creatures that owned such exclusive human abilities as linguistic expression and philosophical thought. This is observed in Richard Adams’ Watership Down, in which wild rabbits have not only linguistic capabilities similar to ours, but also their own culture and mythology. As the cultural world continues distancing itself from the natural world - with the advance of technology, and environmental degradation- during the 2000s, there was an intention among authors to move beyond anthropomorphism and imagine the animal standing for itself, without representing or symbolizing humans. Animals were frequently compared to humans, as creatures that struggle against man. This is reflected in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide. In The Hungry Tide, Ghosh introduces the Sundarbans as a living entity, where animals stand as rivals to humans.

Neuro Linguistic Programming : An Effective Tool for Teaching of English as a Second Language

Possessing a strong command of the English language is one of the fundamental requirements. There is English-language access to all of the content, both technical and non-technical. Learners of the English language and teachers of the language encounter a great deal of difficulty in both the learning and teaching of the language. The field of Neuro Linguistic Programming investigates the workings of the brain and how it processes various linguistic capabilities. It is concerned with the way the brain operates, and consequently, how the brain must be taught in order to get the desired results. The learner can develop their abilities like as listening, speaking, reading, and writing with the help of this. This is an effort to concentrate on bettering the process of teaching and learning languages through the utilisation of a novel method known as neuro-linguistic programming.

Mapping Intercultural Communication Imperatives of Police-Public Interactions in Rural Spaces

This research note seeks to generate fruitful pathways to advance a new discourse on intercultural encounters between the police and individuals from multilingual communities in Australia’s increasingly diverse rural and regional settings. How might police officers better relate and communicate with groups of migrants whose language practices are complex, unpredictable and eschew the widely used logics of translation and interpretation? How might we encourage hope in our social communities that intercultural understanding between policing agencies and new migrants is key to co-creating peaceful and resilient rural communities? How might police communication protocols that assist in supporting the retention of migrants’ linguistic capabilities and funds of knowledges contribute to the wellbeing of regional communities? What would policing rural and regional communities look like if we were to centre sociolinguistic and intercultural imperatives? In this research note, we consider these questions in our search for the next steps in mapping police communication protocols that work for all in Australia’s rural and regional settings. The goal is to contribute new conceptual approaches we can use to foster partnerships and trusting relationships between the police and our increasingly diverse rural populations.

Dueling Personalities and Leadership Styles: Gül, Erdoğan, and the Parliament in Turkey’s Policymaking during the 2003 Iraq War

Recent research in International Relations pays more attention to the role of individuals in world politics. The subfield of Foreign Policy Analysis, in contrast, has a long-standing record in advancing its explanation of individuals in foreign policy. Specifically, at-a-distance approaches to studying individuals have grown noticeably. New theoretical connections (for example, to role theory), an expansion of its subjects and linguistic capabilities beyond English promise a growing literature in years to come. To continue to exploit the exploratory promise and illustrate these approaches’ability to account for individuals’impact on decision-making, this paper investigates Turkish foreign policymaking into the 2003 Iraq War under the leadership of two prime ministers. It utilizes Leadership Trait Analysis to profile Gul and Erdoğan, reports from multiple elite interviews, and connects the two leaders’profiles with associated behavioral expectations in their engagement with the parliament. Based on its findings in leaders’profiles and case study discussion, the paper argues an individual focused analysis offers much insight to understanding foreign policymaking processes and outcomes.

Transfer of ideal L1 and L2 writing selves and their impacts on L2 writing enjoyment and integrated writing performance

Second language (L2) writers’ motivation and emotion is a flourishing area in L2 writing education research; however, there is a dearth of literature on L2 writers’ motivational and emotional responses to integrated writing (IW) tasks, particularly in a bilingual context. With a sample of 239 first-year English major students at a Chinese university, the present study investigated the relationship between ideal L1 and L2 writing selves and how they may contribute to L2 IW enjoyment and task performance. Path analysis results report a relationship of transfer between ideal L1 and L2 writing selves, as well as their positive associations with L2 writing enjoyment and L2 IW performance. Further, the indirect path from ideal L1 writing self to L2 IW performance via ideal L2 writing self and L2 writing enjoyment was evident. This study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, we included IW tasks in the existing research on ideal self and L2 writing. Second, we affirm that the transfer between L1 and L2 may concern not only linguistic capabilities and learning strategies, but also students’ personal beliefs about language learning. Pedagogical suggestions are made based on the findings. • This study extends the existing research on ideal self and L2 enjoyment to L2 writing education. • We examine L2 writers’ positive, motivational factors in integrated writing (IW) learning. • There exists a transfer of ideal L1 and L2 writing selves. • The transfer of ideal L1 and L2 writing selves can impact L2 writing enjoyment and IW performance.

Defining the Presence of Misrecognition in Multilingual Organizations

Research indicates the multilingual aspects of organizations can create power divisions and rules that drive workplace practices. From an international human resources development perspective, language management is strategic and planned through the headquarters of the organization. Yet the rational ideas of organizational members are what are truly valued in multilingual workplaces. These rational ideas create power struggles and biases that are formed against individuals who possess certain linguistic capabilities, regardless of the individual’s other traits or accomplishments. These biases have been labeled the phenomenon of misrecognition. This literature review explores the presence of misrecognition in multilingual organizations. A need to determine how the phenomenon of misrecognition exists in multilingual organizations was discovered.

Examining space, silence, and agency in language socialization of an international student in the EAP and mainstream courses

AbstractThis article draws on the concept of the Production of Space (Lefebvre, 1991) to interpret the silence of one female international student from Japan in two semesters of study in a New Zealand Tertiary institution. Data from an English for Academic Purposes course and mainstream courses, and from various sources including video/audio recordings of classroom interactions, interviews, diaries, field notes, institutional documents are presented. The findings show that silence is produced by the academic social space in three aspects of perceived, conceived, and lived. The new perceived space of learning positioned the focal student as unfamiliar in her new habitat. The conceived space also silenced the focal student because the conceived space exerted socio‐academic norms in which the individual was not invested. Finally, the lived space produced a silent individual in the sense that she appeared as less powerful in her interactions with other peers because her sociocultural and linguistic capabilities were not on a par with those of other peers. The study concludes that space is an active, dynamic, and social being that regulates the individual's interactions and that silence should be understood in relation to one's positioning by the social space, and the appropriation of space by the individual in social space. Notably, despite being positioned as a silent individual by the academic social space, the international student exercised agency both to respond to her specific temporal needs in the host learning context and to realize her future aspirations.

Sentiment Analysis of Public Social Media as a Tool for Health-Related Topics

For decades, researchers have experimented with the possibility that machines can equal human linguistic capabilities. Recently, advances in the field of natural language processing (NLP) as well as a substantial increase in available naturally occurring linguistic data on social media platforms have made more advanced methodologies such as sentiment analysis (SA) gain substantial momentum on contemporary applications. This document compiles what the authors consider to be some of the most important concepts related to SA, as well as techniques and processes necessary for the various stages of its implementation. Furthermore, specific applications related to the extraction and classification of social media data using novel SA techniques are presented and quantified, with an emphasis on those used for the identification of mental health degradation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the authors present several conclusions highlighting the most prominent benefits and drawbacks of the methods discussed, followed by a brief discussion of possible future applications of certain methods of interest.

Theorising English as a Linguistic Capability: A Look at the Experiences of Economically Disadvantaged Higher Education Students in Colombia

ABSTRACT The current study used the capability approach (CA) to explore the English learning experiences of 10 economically vulnerable higher education (HE) students in Colombia in order to better conceptualise English from a capability perspective. In doing so, this paper builds on the empirical and theoretical work of capability scholars which has looked at the role of English in educational settings. It highlights the importance of viewing linguistic capabilities as inchoative since viewing them as fully formed can obscure injustices. These injustices can include poor quality English language education (ELE), an unfavourable financial situation, and a lack of opportunities for exposure to and practice of English. This last-mentioned injustice foregrounds another important dimension of linguistic capabilities: their inter-subjective, relational nature. To aid in this conceptualisation, the paper also draws on Phillipson’s [1992. Linguistic Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press] theory of linguistic imperialism to better illustrate how English is implicated in asymmetrical power relations which give rise to oppression and domination. However, this paper also shows how some injustices can be navigated by educationally resilient individuals. The findings of this thesis are therefore of interest not only to language policy experts and other language education stakeholders in developing contexts, but also to capability scholars.

Presence or Absence of the Object Marker “Râ” in the Speech of Aphasic Patients With Agrammatic Broca’s Aphasia

Introduction: The aims and the importance of the study: Regarding the importance of the object marker “râ” as one of the components of Persian sentences and its little investigation in aphasic Persian speakers, we decided to study its usage in the speech of aphasic patients with agrammatic Broca’s aphasia to know whether aphasic Persian speakers use “râ” in comparison to normal Persian speakers. The agrammatic aphasics are known for not using function words (like the object marker “râ”). Materials and Methods: In this experimental-descriptive study, two groups were employed. In the first group, six Persian children with Broca’s aphasia participated as the experimental group. The general linguistic capabilities of these patients were evaluated with the Persian aphasic test by speech therapy specialists. In the second group, six Persian-speaking normal persons participated as the control group. Two similar tests were administered to the aphasic and control groups, inspired by Caplan et al. 's test, to know whether they use “râ”. As there was a difference between the two groups, 1-way ANOVA was utilized to see if this difference was statistically significant. To analyze linguistic data, the approaches of Garman, Saffran, Kolk, Friedman, and Dolfić and Fabijanić were applied. Results: While the control group produced “râ” in all cases, the aphasic group never used it. Conclusion: It seems that using content words (like “nouns and verbs”) may be more vital than using function words (like “râ”).

Semiotic Threshold: Animals and People

Abstract The author discusses the question of whether animals have a language. The article examines the similarities and differences in the linguistic capabilities of animals and humans. The similarity lies in the fact that animals can use symbolic signs to receive and send messages. Among other things, they can receive and interpret signs on a delayed basis without the direct presence of their sender, although to a fundamentally lesser extent than people. The comparison is carried out both for signs perceived by the organism (afferent signs) and for signs created by the organism (efferent signs), both related to communication and the perception of the environment outside the community. The main difference is the possibility of telling about events outside the “here and now” in which the narrator could or may not take part. This is the narrative. No signs of animals using the narrative were found. The resulting differences in storytelling use are hypothesized to be related to additional language functions that have increased in humans compared to animals. People have psychological characteristics caused by the presence of the stage of individuation and separation in development. This allows them to move away from the situation and see it from the outside, which is necessary for retelling. On the other hand, people need to communicate with the help of a narrative, since their society includes a sacred part, whose members receive descriptions of events, requests, questions, and their answers in the form of various signs and the results fortune-telling need a detailed interpretation.

Perceptions and Opinions of Patients About Mental Health Chatbots: Scoping Review.

BackgroundChatbots have been used in the last decade to improve access to mental health care services. Perceptions and opinions of patients influence the adoption of chatbots for health care. Many studies have been conducted to assess the perceptions and opinions of patients about mental health chatbots. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no review of the evidence surrounding perceptions and opinions of patients about mental health chatbots.ObjectiveThis study aims to conduct a scoping review of the perceptions and opinions of patients about chatbots for mental health.MethodsThe scoping review was carried out in line with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Studies were identified by searching 8 electronic databases (eg, MEDLINE and Embase) in addition to conducting backward and forward reference list checking of the included studies and relevant reviews. In total, 2 reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data from the included studies. Data were synthesized using thematic analysis.ResultsOf 1072 citations retrieved, 37 unique studies were included in the review. The thematic analysis generated 10 themes from the findings of the studies: usefulness, ease of use, responsiveness, understandability, acceptability, attractiveness, trustworthiness, enjoyability, content, and comparisons.ConclusionsThe results demonstrated overall positive perceptions and opinions of patients about chatbots for mental health. Important issues to be addressed in the future are the linguistic capabilities of the chatbots: they have to be able to deal adequately with unexpected user input, provide high-quality responses, and have to show high variability in responses. To be useful for clinical practice, we have to find ways to harmonize chatbot content with individual treatment recommendations, that is, a personalization of chatbot conversations is required.

The Microeconomic Fallacy of Monetized Polyglots: HYPIA as a Countervailing Force

This paper examines frequent efforts by individual polyglots to monetize their linguistic capabilities through social media and YouTube. In drawing an analogy from microeconomic studies, the paper finds that the microeconomic logic of monetizing individual distinction in polyglots is flimsy, owing to the low barriers to entry, mass dissemination of videos, absence of monopoly power, language’s public nature, and indistinguishability of individual brands. This paves the way for rejecting monetization and the fostering of polyglotism as a public good, fostered and cherished by collectives rather than individuals, as done by HYPIA.