Linguistic Activity Research Articles

MEETING ROOMS NAMING IN EAST JAVA GOVERNMENTAL BUILDING: A STUDY OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL LINGUSITICS

Naming is a specific linguistic act, intimately linked with values, traditions, hopes, fears and events in people’s lives. Names reveal the many preferences of their owners (or givers) in terms of real life objects, actions, features and beliefs. Place names provide the most useful geographical reference system in the world. The topic of names is a multidisciplinary field that has occupied the attention of philosophers of language, anthropologists, linguists and ordinary people. In this study, I try to analyze the names of meeting rooms in the East Java Governmental Building. The reason to choose this object is because the East Java Governmental Building is the center of government/ administration in East Java. This study aims to find out the kinds of names applied in the naming of meeting rooms in the East Java Governmental Building and the presuppose reasons behind the name chosen of the East Java Governmental Building. This study is a qualitative study. Based on the classification of the data, they were classified to two groups: the names of governors in East Java and the names of the kings or military chief of great kingdoms in East Java. The meeting rooms in the governmental building of East Java are named after important people in the history of the province. To conclude, the administration named all the meeting rooms, as the most important rooms in the building to welcome guests, using the name of people who have big influence and involvement in the history of East Java so that it has roots to its history.

Key Indicators for Linguistic Action Perspective in the Last Planner® System

Since 2001, a link has been established between the Last Planner® System (LPS) and Linguistic Action Perspective (LAP). However, to date, it has not been studied in sufficient depth. This research developed a system of indicators to measure and control the management of commitments, through the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, and thus contribute to the development of the social dimension of sustainability that is often neglected in construction management research. The main contributions of this paper are a proposal of five main activities to apply the DSR method, a checklist to analyze the engagement of meeting participants, a notebook for last planners, delve into the variations that can occur to the basic movements of LAP, and the creation of a system of indicators hence updating the Percent Plan Complete (PPC) with a reliability indicator. The main limitation of this research is that the system was only validated in two South American countries that implemented LPS. In future studies, we propose to apply case studies in weekly planning meetings in other industries worldwide and to determine the recommended values to improve communication and achieve the proper implementation of LAP with LPS and without LPS.

ВРАХУВАННЯ ВІКОВИХ КОГНІТИВНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ДОРОСЛИХ В ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ

Introduction In today's world knowledge of a foreign language is an important component of personal and professional life. The expansion of international relations, access to world scientific thought, the need to search for information in foreign sources and on the Internet - these are the factors that stimulate motivated learning activities of students to learn a foreign language. English, which is now the language of international communication, is the most widely spoken in Europe and the world. Every year this language is penetrating deep into all spheres of our lives due to many factors: economic, political, strategic, cultural and domestic. That is why there is a growing need to learn English by adults. In view of this, the development of the theoretical foundations of andragogy, which explores the educational activities of adults, is relevant.Thus, the purpose of this work is to highlight a number of characteristics of adult learning that distinguish them from schoolchildren and students, in order to facilitate their learning, to meet their educational needs.Originality Analysis and generalization of modern psychological, pedagogical and methodological literature shows that there is no comprehensive coverage of the peculiarities of teaching foreign languages to adults, as well as pedagogical conditions for the effectiveness of this process. A common myth in education is that adults tend to be ineffective as students, saying that the younger people are, the more flexible their brains are and therefore the better their cognitive functions are. However, research seems to challenge this myth, pointing out that adults can perfectly achieve a high level of foreign language proficiency. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the psychological characteristics of adults. So, learning English by adults is more than real, they having many benefits for it. With all these benefits, it becomes clear that being an adult is not a disadvantage when learning a language.Conclusion Naturally, there are many differences in the methodology of learning a foreign language by adults and children. In some respects, adults have an advantage, in some children do, but in neither case there is no biological pattern. In addition, language skills do not decrease with age. Age is not an obstacle to learning a foreign language, moreover, according to recent research, linguistic activity contributes to a more active state of mind of an adult. Despite the difficulties that may arise, the process of learning English by adults can be very interesting and at the same time useful. We believe that to meet the needs of modern society in terms of learning a foreign language it is necessary to proportionally combine classical methods and new trends, taking into account the psycholinguistic characteristics of adults. The above does not cover all aspects of this problem. We believe that studying the experience of foreign language teaching to adults both in Ukraine and abroad can be the prospect of further research.

Observações fonéticas e fonológicas das vogais na língua Wakalitesu

Neste artigo, apresentamos observações preliminares sobre aspectos fonéticos e fonológicos das vogais na língua Wakalitesu, como resultado de estudos linguísticos e atividades de formação de professores, realizados na comunidade Três Jacus, localizada na Terra Indígena Tirecatinga, no município de Sapezal-MT. Os Wakalitesu pertencem à família Nambikwara do ramo Sul. Para Price (1983), os grupos da família Nambikwara, apesar de compartilharem traços culturais, apresentam diferenciações linguísticas bastante significativas. Rodrigues (2002) e Telles (2014) afirmam que há, entre os grupos da família Nambikwara, critérios de inteligibilidade entre as línguas. Assim, além das observações fonéticas e fonológicas, fizemos algumas comparações com os estudos de línguas da família Nambikwara, em especial os de Kroeker (2003) e Souza Netto (2018), ressaltando similaridades e diferenças entre elas. As observações propostas foram baseadas nas perspectivas teóricas e metodológicas de Pike (1976), Kindell (1981), Cagliari (2002), Callou e Leite (2003) e Kibrik (1977).

ʺDer Leserbriefʺ in deutschen und ägyptischen Zeitungen Eine kontrastive textsortenlinguistische Analyse

This thesis investigates “Letters to the Editor” as a type of text in both the German and Arabic languages. The thesis aims at answering the following research questions: What is the function that the letters to the editor attempt to achieve, what is their text structure, and what are the topics discussed through these letters in the two languages? Additionally, the following research question is being raised: To what extent does the purpose of the letters influence the linguistic actions adopted in the letter and how is this purpose achieved through the different linguistic means of the two languages? To answer these questions, letters to the editor in German and Egyptian national newspapers are analyzed, using the text type description model, developed by Fandrych and Thurmair (2011). The model takes four descriptive dimensions into account: Text function, text structure, text topic, and the linguistic actions and means of expression. Fandrych and Thurmair’s model relies mainly on the inductive approach to extract the important indicators from the text in order to analyze a text type. The same approach is utilized in the present work in order to obtain meaningful results. The analysis of the letters to the editor in German and Egyptian newspapers showed that letters to the editor in Egyptian newspapers are multifunctional. On the contrary, the letters to the editor in German newspapers focus mainly on providing evidence to support an argument. Thus, it can be concluded that letters to the editor are significantly influenced by culture and that the cultural differences are crucial for analyzing this type of text. On this basis, it is recommended to consider this cultural influence when teaching German as a foreign language and in translation studies.

Documentação linguística como parte das políticas de formação intercultural de docentes indígenas

As tecnologias de descrição linguística e a formação docente, com vistas, respectivamente, à documentação, à conservação linguística e à educação escolar diferenciada, são importantes ações de fortalecimento das línguas e dos povos minorizados. Nessa linha de raciocínio, o presente texto objetiva discutir processos de formação docente na perspectiva intercultural, sustentados por ações que levem os estudantes a refletirem sobre a gramática de suas próprias línguas. Para tanto, o ponto de partida e o fundamento empírico da discussão são três experiências de formação de professores plurilíngues, realizadas pela pesquisadora durante seu próprio processo de formação como linguista, elaborando uma descrição gramatical de língua indígena e: 1) como monitora no magistério indígena de São Gabriel da Cachoeira-AM (SGC); 2) como professora no mesmo magistério; e 3) em curso voluntário na comunidade de Nova Vida-SGC. Essas experiências permitem repensar a suposta oposição entre formação docente e descrição gramatical, além de reconsiderar a complementaridade entre essas duas práticas.
 
 Yatuka pinimasa
 Ike, kua paperamiri upe akuntai musapiri viagi Tawa upe. Ampinima Nheengatu gramatika, purakisa ixe umbuesara. Yepesa viagi, 2007, apuraki monitora linguístika sui. Ixe, umbuesara Marcos asui 73 uyumbuesara ita Magistério Indígena yampinima kua papera Barekeniwa Taukusa. Mukuimsa viagi, 2007, ixe umbuesara Magistério Indígena upe. Yapuraki narrativas, jornal asui teatro Nheengatu rupi. Musapirisa viagi, 2008, ixe umbuesara Nova Vida upe. Yapuraki muzika Nheengatu rupi. Tenki yambue Nheengatu gramatika narrativa irum.

La facezia nel tardo ’400, forma popolareggiante o raffinato genere umanistico? Sondaggi su un capitolo minore della produzione "letteraria" di Leonardo da Vinci

The facezia in the late 15th century, popular form or refined humanistic genre? A look into a minor section of Leonardo da Vinci’s ‘literary’ production This article briefly traces the general lines of a complex cultural process that led the facezia to assume, through its connection with humanistic rhetoric, a leading role in the context of refined discursive, social, and cultural practices of the courtly life of the second half of the 15th century. By interpreting the facezia in the double meaning of a literary genre and a ‘socialized linguistic act’, a little-known aspect of Leonardo da Vinci's cultural production is re-interpreted within this framework: i.e. those works in which the Master played the role of a perfect vir facetus. The articles discusses three ways in which Leonardo seemed to appeal to the theoretical elaborations promoted by the humanists. Firstly, he uses rhetorical-argumentative jokes in his theoretical writings. Secondly, he uses Poggio’s Liber facetiarum, of which he was a passionate reader, as a source from which he drew ‘learned’ words. Lastly, he collects and writes numerous jokes of erudite or courtly character.

Inclusion of Signing Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Students: Factors That Facilitate Versus Challenge Access and Participation

PurposePast studies have consistently indicated a need for improvements in inclusive educational practices. Many have focused on a single actor (e.g., the student), not taking into account the interactive nature of communication.MethodA qualitative study, involving multiple participants in two subject area general education high school classrooms, was completed to examine factors that promote versus challenge deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) students' access to communication and participation in classroom activities. Participants included four classroom teachers, two sign language interpreters, and three DHH students who used sign language as their primary mode of communication. Data consisted of eight 60- to 75-min in-class observations, two interviews, and three questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a participation framework of interaction as coordinated linguistic and nonlinguistic actions between multiple actors.ResultsDespite the availability of technological tools and sign language interpretation, DHH students had inconsistent access to classroom communication and lower participation than their hearing peers.ConclusionsThe results correspond to those of past studies, which suggest a research-to-practice gap that needs to be addressed if we are to see improvements in inclusive practices, particularly for students who use signed communication. Several recommendations are proposed in consideration of teacher, interpreter, and student as integral participants. Speech-language pathologists can participate in assessing whether inclusive education is meeting desired results and contribute to the development and implementation of necessary adaptations. Future studies are needed to systematically examine the efficacy of specific education and training programs.

(تطبيق مجموعة اللغة العربية لترقية مهارة الكلام (دراسة تجريبية

Abstract: The main issue in this research, it is how to apply the Arabic Club to improve the skill of speaking. The purposes of the research are to know how the Arabic language group is, to know the linguistic activity used in the Arabic club, and to know its effect on improving the skill of speaking.
 The research method, it is field research on the descriptive approach. In his writing, the researcher used a descriptive and analytical method, then collected data through observation and personal interview with the Arabic language teacher in the Arabic language group program and some students, and then made tests.
 As for the results of the research, they are the linguistic activity in this program. It consists of three types: conversation or dialogue, simulation and expressions. Among the highlights of the linguistic activity in this program are conversational activities and expressions. In its application it consists of what is related to vocabulary pronunciation, grammatical structures and expression of ideas. As for the highlight of the linguistic activity to upgrade students' speech skills, it is the pronunciation of vocabulary.
 The Arabic Language Group has the effect of improving the speech skills of students in this program. Speak Arabic with the teacher at 2 Padding High School and their friends when applying this program. One of the advantages of the program is that the pupils find ample opportunity to speak Arabic and practice speaking. As for her problem, it is the lack of time, the lack of interest of the teacher, and the lack of students' attendance for this program.
 الكلمات الأساسية: مجموعة اللغة العربية، ترقية، مهارة الكلام

Lector modelo: Umberto Eco, El

Este artículo es resultado de una indagación sobre la lectura literaria y la teoría del lector en Umberto Eco. Para Eco, el lector participa en el proceso de lectura como acción estética y lingüística que codifica su rol. La perspectiva estética comienza en la lógica de producción de la obra de arte abierta y las posibilidades receptivas del intérprete/ejecutante. Por otra parte, la perspectiva lingüística se produce a través de una poética del lector que hace de la obra literaria narrativa su objeto de análisis. Estas dos perspectivas estéticas y lingüísticas consolidan un análisis sobre el lector que da origen a las nociones de lector semántico y lector semiótico, de la cual surge la figura del Lector Modelo que organiza el modo de leer una obra literaria narrativa desde unos niveles de intención lectora: intentio auctoris, intentio operis, intentio lectoris e intentio intertextualitis.

ПРИНЦИПЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ И СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНОГО ДИСКУРСА НА ПРИМЕРЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ДЕБАТОВ

Statement of the problem. Under the conditions of the globalization growing process, English language became one of the leading languages of intercultural interaction and under expanding the influence of the public information exchange it is becoming necessary to consider the modern political communication as the most effective kind of rendering lingocultural and lingosocial reality of western mentality. The special interest presents specific verbal and extra linguistic devices adherent to English political discourse and lingo-stylistic peculiarities of debates, the participants of which are certain representatives of a specific political establishment. Certain lexis and definite construction of pre-election speeches of American politicians have served as an object for the linguistic analysis and were the most effective in helping to influence the electorates’ opinion with the purpose of winning over the opposing party. From the position of discourse, debates reflect a dynamic process of linguistic activity imprinted into its social context. The corresponding constructions of discourse give the borders of communication and organize the way of thinking, cognitive and communicative activity, expressing the authority of the subject within the discourse and his managing and manipulation of the object. The purpose of the article is in pointing out some definite communicative and stylistic devices in the discourse constructions and building methods of lexical-grammatical constructions for achieving the effectiveness of the communicative act in debates conducting technology. The methodology of study includes using the method of rhetorical analysis as well as content analysis of definite speeches by D. Trump and H. Clinton who participated in presidential elections during 2016. Also the method of the purposeful search for examples, used in different kinds of debates which represent a discourse as a complex communicative phenomenon. Research results. The researched linguistic material allows to conclude that there is clear correspondence of the used techniques, speech-cognitive patterns, technologies and strategies with definite political parties presented in the communicative field while conducting debates. The Democrats demonstrated the strategy of using “soft power” and appealing to the rational part of mind along with these tactics: “name calling” in which during the dispute the real names of existing people are drawn to call inner emotional reflection within the minds of electorate, tactic of “solidarization” in which the public representative correlates himself with the civic community and identifies it as a “big family” that has to have a leader with “true democratic values”. With a main motto of “Make America Great Again” republicans were following the line of aggressive strategy opposing the achievements of democrats. In the field of tactics there was appearance of ruthless attempts to get initiative advantage through blaming for ineffective migration policy, uncertain actions in the foreign affairs, on top of that the tactic of “playing on conflicts” to force the opposing figure out of balance was imposed. Speech-cognitive patterns of each party reflected the character of the process of debates as well. Democrats neatly and methodically conducted the discussion, revealing their positions through well-made arguments, while republicans were constructing the image of a “self-made businessman” and built the verbal attitude according to the picture using simple sentences with repetitions, vulgar lexis towards the opponent, emotional extra linguistic signals and exploiting mistakes made in argumentative line of democrats for refutation. Conclusion. The technology of “debates” represents itself as a communicative event between a speaker, a listener (a viewer) in the process of communication within a definite time, space and other context. This communicative act can be oral or written and have verbal and extra linguistic parts which provide effectiveness in achieving persuasion.

الترجمة وأثرها فى حفظ الهوية

Translation is involved in human’s activity and social development and it is an international communication tool between people of different languages and cultures. The Arabs have been aware of the art of translation since ancient times. The Qur'an has discussed on the fact that people are created differently in races, ethnics, languages and customs. Translations are not exclusive to a linguistic activity based on what is said, or what is written, it also includes a complex epistemic and linguistic work. Translations are effective in spreading cultures and civilisation. Arabic language is the identity of those people who express their culture, combine their ideas, which is the indication of a nation's progress and deterioration. Translation is a link in a chain that begins with knowledge acquisition in the first language and ends with culture, through the construction of the intellectual system and the strengthening of its individual and social identity. From the above statement, we are confident that translation plays a vital role in the process of adaptation between different nations and civilizations, as this is still the most sucessful way to integrate one civilisation with another and vice versa; This has played an effective role in the progress of nations, and creates dialogues between different ideas, working to bridge the gap between different civilisations and nations, and strive to expand ideology and develop identity whilst preserving it from deterioration.

PRIČA FILOZOFIJE PRIČA KAO RAD FILOZOFIJE I FILOZOFIJA RADA (FILOZOFIJE): OGLEDI O NARATIVNOM METODU KAO RADU JEZIKA U SVETLU DUHOVNOG ŽIVOTINJSKOG CARSTVA IZ HEGELOVE FENOMENOLOGIJE DUHA (I DEO)

U ovim ogledima ćemo pokušati da, putem priče filozofije priča, pokažemo nešto drugačiji ugao posmatranja filozofije rada (filozofije), koja se može iščitati iz Hegelovog odeljka Duhovno životinjsko carstvo i obmana ili sama stvar, iz Fenomenologije duha. Umesto praćenja uobičajenih tekstova, koji na ovaj Hegelov narativ reaguju tumačeći ga iz vizure opisa intelektualnog ili akademskog rada i angažovanja, ili pak rada uopšte, sa naše strane bismo želeli najpre da pokažemo da je svaka delatnost u prvom redu jezičko-pripovesna, kao i da su rezultati rada jezika uvek neke (kontingentne) priče. One svoju aktualizaciju imaju samo putem neprestanog odnošenja sa drugim pričama, u čistom narativnom mnoštvu, koje jezik fundamentalno manifestuje. Ukoliko ima bilo kakvog rada i delatnosti, ono je jezičko-narativno. Videćemo koliko nam Hegelova studija i njen spekulativni karakter može pomoći ili odmoći u pokušaju kristalisanja te priče filozofije priča, kao filozofije rada (filozofije).

Reasons for describing universities’ linguistic capital

ABSTRACT In the process of internationalization of universities, the articulation between local and global contexts depends on various factors including that of linguistic capital, that is to say, the sum of resources and language skills that allow stakeholders, teachers, researchers and students to participate in different levels of knowledge flows. To better understand how this works, the paper proposes some principles of analysis of knowledge flows, based on one of the author's interventions and expertise in academic fieldwork in South America, inspired by the concept of glottopolitics which highlights the impact of speakers as linguistic policy stakeholders whose linguistic activity should be considered in the strategic analysis of organizations. In conclusion, it is suggested that improved knowledge of available linguistic capital within universities will lead to better governance of internationalization strategies by managing language practices between local, regional and international languages.

The development of written expression in immigrant children from 6 to 9 years old

AbstractThis article presents the results of a pilot study carried out based on texts from 15 immigrant children aged 6 to 9 years, who are learning Spanish in situations of immersion in the Communities of Madrid and Castilla-La Mancha. The aim is to understand how these students try to integrate into the school context and especially to determine whether the development of written expression during the early years of primary education allows them to carry out more complex linguistic actions aimed at communication, such as expressing positive attitudes towards the recipient. These actions may reveal the need to communicate and, therefore, the need to learn the language in order to integrate. The texts were taken from the ESCONES Corpus and were collected in a prior study on lexical retrieval and auditory perception in the development of communicative skills in children aged 6 to 9. The analysis carried out considered the vocabulary used, syntactic complexity and the use of linguistic actions in the different grades and found that the development of written expression may allow students to better express actions related to manifesting positive feelings and attitudes towards their interlocutor.

СУДЕБНЫЙ ДИСКУРС: ГЕНЕЗИС И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОНЯТИЯ

The article is devoted to the problem of studying verbal conflict through the prism of judicial discourse. Consideration of this problem becomes especially important in the framework of verbal conflict studies. It examines the consolidation of the studied terminology in historical retrospect, singles out and describes the main approaches used by researchers to define the content of the notion «judicial discourse». Special attention is paid to the establishment of differences in the interpretation of the term «discourse», its functioning in linguistic and legal literature by domestic and foreign researchers. The prerequisites for the emergence of the notion in question are revealed, and the author's definition of the terms «judicial discourse» and «verbal conflict» is proposed. The spheres of usage of the notion in question (linguistic, publicist and social action theory), the basic interpretations of the notion of discourse taking into account its nature of interdisciplinary from the perspective of various sciences particularly philosophy, jurisprudence, legal linguistics, sociolinguistics, pragmalinguistics and linguophylosophy are established. Emphasis is placed on the need to address a verbal conflict, bearing in mind its pragmatic nature within the social-role characteristics of judicial discourse. Given that the clarification of contradictions between the parties is carried out in the course of verbal judicial interaction, it is particularly important to take into account the verbal behavior in the communication phase of the verbal conflict. Representing a state of confrontation between two sides, verbal conflict is considered by the authors as a kind of bilateral process of exchange of verbal acts, within the framework of which illocution of communicators is realized. Judicial discourse is defined by the authors as a linguistic professional activity, which has characteristics: sphere of functioning — a branch of law (legal discourse can be observed, where legal issues are dealt with and regulated); the subject matter and main motive of the judicial discourse — the notion of the law, as well as compliance with the law of the precedent under consideration; communication focus of judicial discourse — adjustment of social relations; the general cognitive identity of judicial discourse is the prevalence of facts over values.

Meaningfulness and Responsibility in Islamic Discourse

The discourse as the process of linguistic activity, as the complicated communicative phenomena is broadly studies in the works of Russian as well as European scholars. The paper deals with the short outline of works, which are devoted to the study of theme of global power of discursive communication. In the circumstances of human interaction the information is not only a mode to interact; it is also a factor, which unites people, lets it develop and influence mutually. This paper deals with discursive practices of Islam, describes problems of false understanding of Islamic theology. The author strives for rethink some Islamic concepts, because of being aware of necessity to translate them into the modern language. Some important terms, as it was shown, are incorrectly translated. It requires meaningfulness and responsibility while speaking about Islam and for Muslims.

Discourse in Surat ul-Lail A Study in Textual Semantics

The textual studies are considered the last of the linguistic studies after the structural school which focused on the structure led by de Saussure, and semantics which attempted to focus on determining the semantic dimension of the linguistic value represented by the transformative generative school led by Noam Chomsky, followed by the approach that targeted the linguistic activity, which was founded on the principle of dialogue under the theory of communication (Pragmatics), led by Del Hyms, to finally reach the stage of textual studies, which called for the search for a larger unit of sentence to be a field of study. The text appeared and received great interest from scholars such as Harris, Helmsley, Stumble, Dick Van and others. This paper is an attempt to explore a number of the textual features of Al-Lail Sura and it begins with an introduction which deals with a review of what the modern critical studies say about the text, how these features are included in the miraculous text of this sura which helped in exploring the various textual phenomena in its context. The study begins with the title of the sura, the other features which distinguish this text such as reference, conjunction and elision. The paper then deals with the Qur'anic method of sequence of sentences and events and ends with the last aya (verse) .

Pale Fire romanının Türkçe çevirisindeki çevirmen ön sözü ve notları: Çevirmenin yan-metinsel müdahaleleri ne ölçüde yerinde?

Along with the emergence of the widely accepted approaches in Translation Studies that perceive the act of translating as a complex socio-cultural phenomenon rather than a mere text-level linguistic activity, the circumstances that surround the source as well as the target texts has become more visible and are therefore increasingly scrutinized in academic circles. As a result, any translation-oriented text analysis that does not take in to consideration such relevant circumstances that bring about the source text or its translation (such as commercial and ideological realities, purposes for or functions of both the original and the target texts, intended readerships, the backgrounds of both the author and the translator etc.), run the risk of failure. The role of the translator as the reader, interpreter of the source text and writer of the target text has a decisive importance. The translator, particularly while fulfilling his role as writer either remains relatively hidden or can become quite visible through the published text. As this issue with visibility may have a great influence on the perception of the readership on the translation, it has become of ever-increasing interest for academic researchers. The ways in which a translator becomes visible are various and particularly in literary translations, para-textual elements that accompany the main body of the text come to the forefront. This paper examines the Turkish translation of Vladimir Nabokov’s famous novel Pale Fire via certain para-textual elements, namely translator’s foreword and footnotes, in order to portrait the image of its translator and the possible impact of this crystallizing picture on the readers.

Rationality, autonomy, and obedience to linguistic norms

Many philosophers working today on the normativity of language have concluded that linguistic activity is not a matter of rule following. These conversations have been framed by a conception of linguistic normativity with roots in Wittgenstein and Kripke. In this paper I use conceptual resources developed by the classical American pragmatists and their descendants to argue that punctate linguistic acts are governed by rules in a sense that has been neglected in the recent literature on the normativity of language. In the course of arguing for this conclusion I defend a Kantian conception of rationality as rule-obeying activity, and I argue that this conception is compatible with a naturalistic understanding of ourselves as rational beings governed by rules of thought and action.