Liming Materials Research Articles

Intensive Ways of Producing Carbonate Curing Building Materials Based on Lime Secondary Raw Materials

The article is dedicated to the research and development of intensive methods for curing products by capturing and binding CO2. It aims to improve and increase the productivity of technologies for the production of artificially carbonated building materials and products. Soda production wastes, limestone dust and finely dispersed limestone dust were used as the research objects. Secondary raw materials have been investigated using modern methods of phase composition and granulometry test. Intensive methods of production of accelerated carbonation of systems consisting of soda wastes were tested using multi-parameter optimization methods. The effects of recycled lime materials on the strength and hydrophysical properties of the obtained material were determined. The secondary raw materials effect depended on the composition of the raw mixture, molding conditions, CO2 concentration applied to the carbonate curing chamber, and the duration of exposure to environments with high CO2 content. It was found that the most effective way of providing accelerated carbonation curing of construction materials and products is a combined carbonation method, combining the principles of dynamic and static methods. It was concluded that the optimal CO2 concentration in the gas-air mixtures used for carbonate curing is 30%–40%.

Underground warehouses for food storage in the Dolomites (Eastern alps – Italy) and energy efficiency

Underground food storage represents an interesting solution to the increasing demand for new food storage space, combining this demand with sustainable land exploitation. It also reduces the energy demand for food conservation, therefore limiting storage costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, atmospheric conditions can be easily controlled in underground warehouses, ensuring optimal long-term maintenance of the stored food.This paper presents a case study located in the Western Dolomites (Val Di Non, Trento, Italy), where mining activity is followed by the creation of storage space not only for food, but also for groundwater and a data hosting center. After the extraction of the dolomitic rock used in construction, underground excavated spaces are converted into warehouses, whose storage capability is improved once the inner surfaces have been protected by a gas-proof mineral hydraulic lime material, developed for this purpose.The thermal behavior of the rock mass over the first few years is analyzed by means of a Finite Element Model and compared with on-site monitoring data. Laboratory measurements of the thermal properties of the dolomite rock and the temperature data registered in the field permitted the development of a preliminary numerical model, in order to describe the heat exchange between the cavern and the rock mass and supply data to support future developments. Finally, the specific energetic consumption is compared with the one required by an aboveground deposit.

Effect of lime, organic matter and boron on the use efficiency of phosphorus in lentil (Lens culinaris L.)

An experiment with lentil (Lens culinaries L.) was conducted at the terai situation of West Bengal (India) under different combination of phosphorus, boron and farm yard manure (FYM). The soil was acidic (pH-5.35) in reaction with sandy -loam in texture and hence, liming material was applied to find out the use efficiency of the phosphorus (P) in determining the yield potential of the crop (lentil). The maximum grain yield of lentil was 13.93 qha-1 at the lime- treated soil compared to the untreated control (6.63qha-1). The seed yield was increased from 9.64 to 13.85 qha-1 with the increasing level of P. The effect of P was relatively lower in a soil not treated with lime. The Physiological Harvest Index (PHI) was higher (56.67) when P @ 60 kgha-1 was applied irrespective of any treatment combinations and was minimum (54.95) at the lower rate of P (30 kgha-1) application. The maximum Agronomic efficiency (AE) was 18.3 and that of Physiological Efficiency (PE) was 85.16 at the lower rate of P (30 kgha-1) application. Hence, application of lime in soil with organic matter and B can improve the use efficiency of P for lentil in an acidic soil of a region.

Plants’ genetic variation approach applied to zinc contamination: secondary metabolites and enzymes of the antioxidant system in Pfaffia glomerata accessions

Zinc (Zn) is a micronutrient, but its excessive concentration can impair plant growth and development. Fertilizers, liming materials, pesticides and fungicides containing Zn have contributed to increase its concentration in agricultural soils. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Zn excess on the non-enzymatic (anthocyanin and β-ecdysone) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase-SOD and guaiacol peroxidase-GPX) antioxidant system of two P. glomerata accessions (JB and GD) grown in hydroponic system and soil, under short- and long-term exposure times. Three Zn levels (2, 100 and 200 μM) and two short-term exposure times (7 and 14 d) were tested in the hydroponic experiment. Three Zn levels (2, 100 and 200 mg kg−1) and two long-term exposure times (34 and 74 d) were tested in the soil experiment. The effects of Zn excess on P. glomerata accessions depended on the growth system and exposure time. Zinc excess in both tested growth systems resulted in significant change in the tissue oxidative process (MDA concentration) in both accessions, as well as broadened the antioxidant system response, which was based on antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPX) and secondary metabolites (anthocyanins and β-ecdysone). The highest anthocyanin concentration was observed in accession JB, which was grown in hydroponics, but tissue anthocyanin concentration increased in both accessions, regardless of growth medium and exposure time. The β-ecdysone concentration in the roots increased in both accessions, but accession GD was more responsive to Zn excess. There was significant physiological variation in P.glomerata accessions in response to Zn excess.

Characterization of sticky-rice lime binders from old masonry relics in north China: The primary contribution for conservation

The application of traditional organic-inorganic composite lime-based materials, particularly sticky-rice lime binder, in sustainable restoration for old buildings, has attracted increasing attention in last decades. In present study, series of sticky-rice lime binders, sampled from thirteen old masonry relics involved three regions in 16–19th century, were fully characterized as primary. Specifically, micro-mineralogical and chemical characterization were determined by conducting XRD, FTIR, DSC-TG, SEM, iodine-starch and acid test, also mechanical-physical properties based on non-standard specimens including SH, UPV, CS, Po, Ccc D1 and D2. Furthermore, direct or inexplicitly relationships between organic content and enhanced physical-mechanical indicators were established. Finally, characterization results were analyzed and compared with deep gathering datasets from literature respecting characteristics of these binders of 6–19th century. Those analysis results provide valuable information for composite lime materials to expanding the database for formulating lime-based binders used in repairing intervention.

Utilization of fly ash and waste lime from pulp and paper mills in the Argon Oxygen Decarburization process

Fly ash and waste lime are solid wastes generated in pulp and paper mills. Due to high CaO contents, these secondary lime materials can be potentially utilized in the steelmaking process to partially replace primary lime. In this study, fly ash and waste lime from Swedish pulp and paper mills were made into briquettes and for the first time utilized as slag formers to replace primary lime in a pilot-scale Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) stainless steelmaking process. The purpose was to evaluate how these CaO-containing materials could affect the AOD process and the steel quality. The results show that the S, P and CaO contents in the fly ash and waste lime are important concerns for metallurgical application. Firstly, due to lower CaO contents (61.5% CaO in fly ash and 90.6% CaO in waste lime versus 95.2% CaO in primary lime), utilization of these secondary lime materials could lead to higher slag amounts in the AOD converter. Secondly, due to higher S and P contents (0.40% S and 0.26% P2O5 in fly ash, 0.11% S and 0.75% P2O5 in waste lime versus 0.08% S and 0.01% P2O5 in primary lime), utilization of these secondary lime materials could increase the S and P contents in the steel. The S content in the steel can be controlled during the reduction and desulfurization stages; however, the P content in the steel increases with an increased use of these secondary lime materials. Thirdly, the metallurgical performance of fly ash and waste lime is as good as primary lime when considering the aspects that: (a) utilization of fly ash and waste lime doesn’t have negative effects on the decarburization stage nor on the reduction stage during the AOD process; and (b) fly ash and waste lime are as efficient desulfurization agents as primary lime. In future industrial applications, the alkali content and the variations of chemical compositions (especially with respect to S, P and CaO) of these secondary lime materials need to be carefully controlled to ensure a sound metallurgical operation.

The effectiveness of coal fly ash in the amelioration of acid soils of the South African highveld: a comparison with conventional liming materials

Soil acidity is one of the greatest limitations to crop production in South Africa, while the country’s coal-fired power plants generate millions of tonnes of alkaline coal ash per year. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the liming potential of fly ash. Fly ash, dolomitic lime and Calmasil (a calcium silicate slag) were applied to acidic sandy loam soils in the presence or absence of gypsum. Based on the lime requirement of the soil and the Calcium Carbonate Equivalence (CCE) of the materials, both Calmasil and lime were applied at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 4 tonnes/ha, and rates of 0, 7, 14 and 28 tonnes/ha were used for ash. Gypsum was applied at a rate of 4 tonnes/ ha. Compared with Calmasil and lime, ash had the lowest effect on pH and soil acidity. However, ash caused a 48% reduction of topsoil acidity and its reduction of subsoil acidity was enhanced by gypsum. Ash (28 tonnes/ha) increased bean yield in season one from 958 kg/ha in the control plots to 1 724 kg/ha, and maize yield in season two from 5 569 to 7 553 kg/ha. These yields were similar to those derived from Calmasil and lime.

Response of Bambara Groundnut and Soil Physicochemical Properties to Different Lime Materials

The study was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Soil Science Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus. The treatments studied were paper ash (PA) and wood ash (WA) of rates 4.8 kgha-1 respectively and calcium carbonate (CA) of rate 120g (equivalent of 300kgha-1) and control (CO). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and was replicated four times. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were separated using LSD at 5% alpha level. The result recorded for the study showed that root and pod weight of bambara groundnut were not significant among the treatments but values obtained from treated plots were better than the untreated plots. Soil properties tested were greatly improved by the lime materials when compared their values on the control soil. Hence the results indicated that the lime materials especially the wood ash and paper ash could be ideal for famers as they are cheap affordable and available since it has proved through this study that these lime materials could improve crop yield and soil nutrient status and characteristics.

Strength Development in Bio Mineralised Steelslag Bricks using Micp Process

Steel slag annual production in India is about 12 million tonnes per annum. Steel slag is one of the industrial residue came out from steel industries. The amount of steel slag produced from different steel industries is 150-200kg per tonnes of steel produced These steel slag is dumped in land and pollute the environment. Paper mills produce the large amount of lime sludge is about 5 lakh tonnes per annum. These steel slag used as binder material and coarse aggregate also in different sieve sizes. These both steel slag and lime material contains large amount of calcium mineral compared than other waste materials. The conventional burnt clay brick manufacturing firing process develops the 750 million tonnes of co2 emissions per year. The Bio mineralised steel slag bricks developed by using these waste materials and bacillus bacteria. These microbes generates the calcium carbonate precipitation in the steel slag bricks. The strength development of these BMSS bricks were achieved by addition of NBU medium supply and carbonation process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), mineralogical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, compressive strength and water absorption test are conducted to support the strength development in bio mineralised steel slag bricks.

TECHNICAL SRATEGY IN ADDRESSING THE PERCEPTION AND PARTICIPATION OF THE SOCIETY ON HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN NGIPIK LAKE KEBOMAS GRESIK

Cadmium (Cd) is one type of heavymetals that is harmful because these elementsare at high risk of blood vessels, cadmiumaffects humans over long periods of time andcan accumulate in the body especially theliver and kidneys, Some researchers haveproved the contamination of heavy metalsoccurring in Ngipik Lake, so that is feared isthe human body exposure to environmentalpollution caused by consuming fish from thispond. Telaga Ngipik , originally a formerclay mine land owned by PT. Semen Gresik.The land area of 2,250 M2 that has beenexploited the mining of lime material for rawmaterials was dredged and left the puddle orhole that turned into a lake. Through theenvironmental development Program of PT.Semen Gresik, this lake has turned into atourist attraction for local residents, but alsoused as fishing place, children's play area,water ski, as well as raw materials fordrinking water. Perda No. 10 tahun 2010 ongreen Open Space arrangement has set upTelaga Ngipik including the Green Line ofLake borders. It was further strengthened inthe P2KH (Green City developmentProgram) to set up a green open spacestarting from 2012 where the management ofthis green open space involved thecommunity and private participation in theRAKH (Green City Action Plan).

Yield index of crops grown under no-tillage after superficial application of micronized liming materials (MLM) on the soil

The development of strategies for the control of soil acidity in production systems using micronized liming material (MLM) could be a strategy in areas under no-till (NT) to produce high crops yield. The micronized liming material (MLM) have faster reaction on the soil surface even without incorporation to the soil. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks in split-plot with four replications in a Typic Distrudept under NT treated with MLM. In the main plots the dolomitic limestone (DL) and MLM (granulated micronized calcite (GMC); granulated micronized dolomite (GMD) and carbonated suspension (CS) were studied. In the subplots, four doses of liming materials aiming were assigned to increase soil base saturation (BS) to 50, 70 and 90 %, besides of control treatment. We measured the relative yield (RY), relative yield change (RYC) and production efficiency (PE) of wheat, soybean, black oat and maize during four consecutive years (2012 to 2016). The MLM presented major RY and PE along experimental period than DL. Besides, the major RYC of MLM refers to lower responsiveness, major residual effect as well as major or maintenance crops yield. Better results were found in the BS dose aiming to 61 % for all the liming materials studied for PE, showing that it is the adequate BS for control of acidity in Typic Distrudept.

Acidity Control After Surface Application of Micronized Liming Material in a Typic Distrudept Under No-Tillage

Abstract The objected to evaluate the pH and soil base saturation (V) values, during 45 months after, surface application and without incorporation of the liming materials in deeper layers of soil. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks in split-plot with four replications. In the plots were studied the dolomitic limestone (DL) and micronized liming materials (MLM) - granulated micronized calcite (GMC) and dolomite (GMD), and carbonated suspension (CS). In the subplots were studied doses of all the liming materials aiming to increase V to 50, 70 and 90% besides of control treatment. We measured the pH and V values in 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers over time (5, 15, 28, 37 and 45 months). The MLM were more efficient to increase and maintain the pH and V, over time, than DL. The doses of MLM aiming V to 50-70% increasing the pH and V of Typic Distrudept. Despite the MLM are more fineness than DL, the effectiveness for soil acidity control in subsoil were inefficient, because theses pH and V increases/maintains occurred just in 0-5 cm layer. However, the MLM present lower gap between the V estimated and obtained, in the 0-5 cm layer, than DL.

Improved rice production in acid soil utilizing fly ash

Fly Ash, a waste material from thermal power station is used as a nutrient source in agricultural sector to enhance soil fertility and also as a soil ameliorant. The present investigation was carried out during 2015 – 2016 at Rice Research Station, Ambasamudram, Tamil Nadu to reclaim acidic soil of pH 4.75. The treatments include control, 100% RDF alone, Lime + RDF, Dolomite + RDF, FA @ 10,20,30 and 40 t ha-1 along with RDF, 50% Lime + 50% FA + RDF and 50% Dolomite + 50% FA + RDF. The application of 50% Dolomite + 50% Lime + RDF significantly increased the soil reaction (7.08) whereas in case of EC only a small magnitude of increase was observed over control. The highest CEC was observed with 50% Dolomite + 50% FA + RDF (43.1 cmol(p+) kg-1). The addition of FA @ 40 t ha-1 recorded higher BS % value of 34.1% which was on par with the treatments receiving 50% Dolomite + 50% FA + RDF, 50% Lime + 50% FA + RDF and Dolomite + RDF with the values of 33.5, 32.6 and 31.4%. The lowest sesquioxide value of 5% was recorded with the application of 50% Dolomite + 50% FA + RDF. The highest grain yield (5.93 t ha-1) and straw yield (6.32 t ha-1) were registered with 50% Dolomite + 50% FA + RDF which was then followed by 50% Lime + 50% FA + RDF (grain yield- 5.72 t ha-1and straw yield - 6.10 t ha-1). The application of Fly Ash supplemented with other liming materials like Lime and Dolomite can alleviate soil acidity and enhance soil fertility.

Uticaj krečenja zemljišta tipa podzola sa nusproizvodima proizvodnje čelika na kiselost zemljišta i sastav vode za ispiranje (kolona eksperiment)

The waste slag materials from metallurgical plants contain calcareous materials, such as blast furnace (BFS) and converter slags (CS) of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant. However, the widespread use of these materials is limited by the presence of harmful impurities in their composition that can have a negative effect on soils and plants. The aim of our research is to study the effect of liming of soddypodzolic soils with metallurgical slags on the pHKCl value and the composition of the wash water. In a model experiment on columns, the migration ability of alkali metals from soils of light granulometric composition was studied after using two phases of steelmaking waste as a lime material. Research results indicate that the ameliorative properties of BFS and converter slags were different. When liming with BFS slag, a month after composting, the pHKCl value increased to 5.1 units. Studied soil from the category of "strongly acidic" moved to the category of "weakly acidic". When liming with the converter slag, the pHKCl value of the soil increased from 4.1 to 4.7 (the soil from the "strongly acidic" category moved to the "medium acidic" category). With an increase in the period of washing, the pH of the infiltration water increases. In the treatments with the use of BFS slag this increase was higher due to the continuing dissolution of ameliorants and the higher chemical activity of BFS slag. The liming led to intensive migration of alkaline earth metals. In the treatments limed with more soluble (chemically active) BFS slag, calcium losses were higher. Empirical estimation of alkaline earth metals leaching from the soil allowed to model the dynamics of the base migration. The dynamics of Ca and Mg migration from the soil were fundamentally different (content of Ca decreased, and of Mg increased). The dynamics of Ca migration from the soil limed with converter slag was most pronounced in comparison with the Ca dynamics for BFS slag and the Mg dynamics in all treatments.

Biotechnological bases of the global ecological crisis

Anthropogenic impacts on nature endangered the normal implementation of its inherent biotic processes, upset the balance of the state of the biosphere. The most important function of any biocenosis, biogeocenosis and biosphere is the regular recreation of living matter and the energy accumulated in it. Meanwhile, it is the soil cover that ultimately takes on the pressure of the flow of industrial and municipal emissions and waste, performing the most important role of a buffer and detoxifier. The soil accumulates heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, detergents and other chemical pollutants, thereby preventing their entry into natural waters and purifying the atmospheric air from them. On the other hand, the same substances or their derivatives, as well as heavy metals, fluorine, nitrogen and sulfur oxides in their original or transformed form, are intensively bound by mineral and organic substances of the soil, which sharply reduces their availability to plants and, accordingly, the general level of toxicity. Zinc content in soil ranges from 10 to 800 mg / kg, although most often it is 30-50 mg / kg. The greatest buffer capacity and the ability to reduce the negative impact of pollutants on plant and animal organisms are found in soils with a high humus content, with a heavy particle size distribution, high absorption capacity, enriched with lime materials (carbonates).

Amelioration of Acidic Soil to Increase Tef (<i>Eragrostis tef</i> (Zucc) Trotter) Yield on Smallholder Farmer Fields in Ethiopian Highlands

Crop productivity of Ethiopian highlands has been declining mainly due to high intensity of acidic soil thus amelioration is vital to improve soil properties and crop yield. Unfortunately, most farmers in Ethiopian highlands in general and in Gozamin district in particular are characterized by economically poor. This study was designed to investigate the effects integrated effects of commercial lime and low cost materials on tef yield. It was conducted under rain fed conditions of 2017 & 2018 seasons. The factorial combination of three levels lime (0, 1.5 and 3 t/ha), kitchen ash (0, 1 and 2 t/ha) and manure (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha) treatments were laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Days to maturity were prolonged by highest application rates of lime and manure meanwhile early maturity of the crop recorded at zero application rates. Maximum number of tillers and the longest plant height were obtained at 1.5 t/ha lime and 5 t/ha manure applications. Crop yields (grain, straw and biomass) were increased linearly with manure rates meanwhile in quadratic function with application of lime. Maximum grain yield (2.12 t/ha) was obtained from combined 1.5 t lime + 0.5 t kitchen ash+ 5 t/ha manure treatment and followed by 1.97 t/ha yield through the treatment that received same rate of lime and manure with 1 t kitchen ash. These treatments were increased grain yield by more than one tone over the control. Besides, the economic analysis result confirmed that combined 1.5 t lime, 0.5 t kitchen ash and 5 t/ha manure application gave maximum net profit of 27,629 Birr/ha with acceptable MRR of 18%, thus, this application rate is optimum to increase tef production on small scale farmer fields. However, comprehensive recommendation will be drawn in future by using further findings rather than rely on a single study.

The reaction rate and residual value of particle size fractions of limestone in southern New South Wales

Grain yield is frequently constrained by soil acidity in southern Australia yet limestone crushing plants are few and distant, making the use of limestone costly. The efficient technology of agricultural liming is therefore critical to the continuation of the practice following its adoption during the 1980s. We hypothesise that finer particles are the most effective materials for ameliorating soil acidity even over the longer term, when the residual value of coarser particles might be expected to be greater. Finer particle sizes of limestone, particularly <0.075 mm, initially gave the largest increases in soil pH per tonne of limestone applied. Despite the rapid and large increase in soil pH with finer particles, there was no less residual value in surface soil pH after 7 years or in grain yield in the 7th and 8th growing seasons compared with coarser particles. Most particle size fractions of limestone converged to a similar soil pHca at 0–10 cm depth after about 6 years but the coarsest particle size fraction (2–5 mm) lagged the other five. Finer particles also resulted in better movement of alkali and Ca into the subsurface soil layers below the depth of incorporation (0–10 cm). The measurement of unreacted limestone in the soil showed that the dissolution of limestone took up to 3 years (1807 mm of rainfall) for the 2.5 t/ha rate and up to 6 years (3592 mm) for the 5 t/ha rate. The rapid increase in soil pH in Year 1, the slow ongoing reaction of limestone over 3–6 years as measured by unreacted limestone, the slow but measurable improvement in subsurface acidity, and the sustained residual value to grain yield over in excess of eight seasons, indicate that the use of finer liming materials should remain a viable practice for growers.

ИНТЕНСИВНЫЕ СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ КАРБОНАТНОГО ТВЕРДЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ИЗВЕСТКОВОГО ВТОРИЧНОГО СЫРЬЯ

the article is dedicated to the research and development of intensive methods for curing products by capturing and binding CO2. It aims to improve and increase the productivity of technologies for the production of artificially carbonated building materials and products. Soda production wastes, limestone dust and finely dispersed limestone dust were used as the research objects. Secondary raw materials have been investigated using modern methods of phase composition and granulometry test. Intensive methods of production of accelerated carbonation of systems consisting of soda wastes were tested using multi-parameter optimization methods. The effects of recycled lime materials on the strength and hydrophysical properties of the obtained material were determined. The secondary raw materials effect depended on the composition of the raw mixture, molding conditions, CO2 concentration applied to the carbonate curing chamber, and the duration of exposure to environments with high CO2 content. It was found that the most effective way of providing accelerated carbonation curing of construction materials and products is a combined carbonation method, combining the principles of dynamic and static methods. It was concluded that the optimal CO2 concentration in the gas-air mixtures used for carbonate curing is 30%–40%.

Fly-ash from a pulp and paper mill: A potential liming material for agricultural soils in Western Newfoundland.

Most agricultural soils in Western Newfoundland are acidic and need lime to raise soil pH to be productive. Corner Brook Pulp and Paper Ltd produces a substantial amount of fly-ash, disposed of at a local landfill. This study was conducted to assess the potential for using fly-ash as a liming material for agricultural soil (pH 5.5) in Western Newfoundland. Heavy metal concentration in the soil and fly-ash were analysed and compared with soil and compost guidelines. As per quality guidelines, only part of the lime requirement can be substituted by fly-ash. The percentage may vary depending on initial soil pH and the desired pH for the crop to be grown. The total lime requirement can be met when fly-ash is applied combined with other soil amendments low in trace element concentration.

Lime binders for the repair of historic buildings: Considerations for CO2 abatement

Abstract Lime binders are utilised worldwide and are associated with a considerable scale of production and corresponding CO2 emissions. The relevance of this review is therefore international in scope, with production transcending geographical boundaries and construction practices. An holistic view of lime binders, considering their provenance, production and utilisation offers the potential for significant CO2 savings urgently required globally. Importantly, the technical aspects of lime materials production is critical, but the alteration of behaviour of both specifier and those undertaking the construction processes is also essential in achieving meaningful CO2 emission reduction. This review paper investigates the life cycle stages of lime binders in line with the features highlighted in the Scottish Building Alliance (SBA) ‘building life cycle stages model’. It attempts to determine what can be learnt from our understanding of the manufacture and use of binders from historic, current and future perspectives in the context of reconciling the production of historically authentic materials in a decarbonising environment. The production and use of such authentic historic lime binders initially appears highly carbon intensive through its utilisation of relatively inefficient kiln technologies and loss of economies of scale associated with larger operations. However, this review shows numerous benefits in the production of such binders; including their CO2 sequestration capability, lower potential processing energy, and a reduction in excessive ‘carbon miles’ associated with transportation. Importantly, we show how historic production and on-site manufacture approaches with lime-based materials also offers exciting potential for carbon savings. Importantly, hot mixed lime mortars offer the promise of higher durability materials compared to their modern cold manufactured counterparts, thereby reducing the frequency of repeat maintenance interventions, again yielding CO2 savings. We suggest hot mixing, whether in an innovative contemporary materials realm or within traditional contexts should be explored. In addition, hot mixed materials can concomitantly satisfy conservation requirements for repairs through better reflecting the aspired to building conservation requirement of like for like materials replacement reflected with historically produced binders. We suggest future paths for the industry that would simultaneously reconcile demands for authentic materials and production methods for the conservation sector with the necessity of achieving cleaner production in a decarbonizing world.