Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on nature endangered the normal implementation of its inherent biotic processes, upset the balance of the state of the biosphere. The most important function of any biocenosis, biogeocenosis and biosphere is the regular recreation of living matter and the energy accumulated in it. Meanwhile, it is the soil cover that ultimately takes on the pressure of the flow of industrial and municipal emissions and waste, performing the most important role of a buffer and detoxifier. The soil accumulates heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, detergents and other chemical pollutants, thereby preventing their entry into natural waters and purifying the atmospheric air from them. On the other hand, the same substances or their derivatives, as well as heavy metals, fluorine, nitrogen and sulfur oxides in their original or transformed form, are intensively bound by mineral and organic substances of the soil, which sharply reduces their availability to plants and, accordingly, the general level of toxicity. Zinc content in soil ranges from 10 to 800 mg / kg, although most often it is 30-50 mg / kg. The greatest buffer capacity and the ability to reduce the negative impact of pollutants on plant and animal organisms are found in soils with a high humus content, with a heavy particle size distribution, high absorption capacity, enriched with lime materials (carbonates).
Highlights
For the development of the material sphere, modern civilization, formed within the biosphere, has created, and continues to create technologies that destroy it [1]
Anthropogenic impacts on nature endangered the normal implementation of its inherent biotic processes, upset the balance of the state of the biosphere
The most important function of any biocenosis, biogeocenosis and biosphere is the regular recreation of living matter and the energy accumulated in it
Summary
For the development of the material sphere, modern civilization, formed within the biosphere, has created, and continues to create technologies that destroy it [1]. Even environmental technologies imply damage to a part of the biosphere and the withdrawal of any resource. If in the field of control and protection of atmospheric air and natural waters there are certain achievements, including the creation of a network of special laboratories, methods of analysis and MPCs for a fairly large number of substances and elements have been developed, in the field of monitoring and protection of soils, progress is still insignificant. The soil accumulates heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, detergents and other chemical pollutants, thereby preventing their entry into natural waters and purifying the atmospheric air from them. Hydrocarbons, pesticides, detergents and other compounds can be mineralized or transformed into substances that do not have a toxic effect on soil, microorganisms, plants, animals and humans
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