Lily Research Articles

English

A rapid, one-step method for direct leafy and rooted bulblets regeneration of Lilium martagon var. cattaniae Vis. was established using seeds as the starting explants for in vitro culture initiation. Adventitious bulblets were regenerated from one scale explants on MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium supplied with various concentrations of plant growth regulators. The most efficient medium for multiplication was MS supplemented with 0.2 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ranging from 0.25 to 2 mg/l. On average, five bulblets were obtained per explant after six weeks in culture. Upon rooting, about 200 plantlets were successfully hardened in the green house with a 95% survival rate. Preliminary experiments indicated that the plantlets from the greenhouse could be successfully used for field cultivation. In vitro propagation of this endemic and protected plant species is of great importance for germplasm conservation. Key words : Bulblet, endemic, in vitro, Lilium martagon var. cattaniae Vis., protocol.

Effect of Ni, CO, SA and Sucrose on Extending the Vase-Life of Lily Cut Flower

In this research, the effect of different concentrations of Nickel (0, 1.5 and 2.5 mM), Salicylic acid (0, 1 and 2 mM), Cobalt (0, 1 and 2 mM) and sucrose (0, 2.5%) on flower longevity, Acc-oxidase activity, anthocyanin leakage, microbial population, water uptake and SPAD value as a measure of leaf greenness of Lily was investigated. To evaluate the effect of these treatments, a study was carried out based on the randomized complete design with five replications. Results of this experiment showed that the best treatment in extending mM SA+2 mM Co with 2.5% sucrose. SA, Ni and Co decreased the anthocyanin leakage, whereas the highest concentrations of SA, Ni and Co reduced ACC-oxidase activity. The Maximum of chlorophyll content was observed for flower kept in solution containing 2 mM SA and 2 mM SA+ 2.5% sucrose compared to the control and solution containing Ni and Co. Ni and Co treatments had no positive effect on increasing the water uptake and fresh weight of Lily. Overall, the results suggest that SA, Ni, CO and sucrose increase the vase-life by improving the membrane stability and reducing the oxidative stress damages during Lily flower senescence.

THE OTTOMAN INFLUENCES ON WEST TRIPOLI THROUGH FOUR INSCRIPTIONS PRESERVED IN ASSARAYA ALHAMRA'A MUSEUM

This study deals with the Ottoman Influences on Tripoli in Arts, such as decorations,Antiques, and inscriptions which need more studies. The research tries to show theseinfluences through four inscriptions which are translated and published for the first time. Twoof them were written in Turkish language. Many kinds of Ottoman scripts, like Thuluth,Alenstaliq and Tughra'a were used in these inscriptions. The research proved that theOttomans have interested in religious and military buildings in West Tripoli. The decorationassociated with the inscriptions has ottoman features, like Romi decoration, Lily flower,blooming flower, and the Ottoman flags. This research is considered an addition to theprevious researches that studied the Ottoman influences on its subsidiaries states.

LAW PROTECTED PLANTS OF NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE DREVENÍK (HORNÁD BASIN) IN PROJECT LEARNING

The National nature reserve in Drevenik has an area of 101.82 ha with the highest degree of plant protection. Travertine formation is located at an altitude of 609 m a.s.l. in the eastern part of Hornad basin in East Slovakia. In the Drevenik area there are around 270,470 species and subspecies of vascular plants. Approximately 60 species are classified as endangered species of Slovakia and are classified as mountain, lowland, forest and steppe species. The plants are of phytogeographical significance, some reaching their northern limit of range in this area. Protected species of the area include (Pulsatilla slavica G. Reuss.), Alpine aster (Aster alpinus L.), Carpathian harebell (Campanula carpatica Jacq.), Pontic dragonhead (Dracocephalum austriacum L.), Hungarian iris (Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica), European columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris L.), Snowdrop windflower (Anemone sylvestris L.), Manchurian monk’s-hood (Aconitum variegatum L.), Turk’s cap lily (Lilium martagon L.), St. Lucie cherry (Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill.), Yellow Monkshood (Aconitum anthora L.), Bladdernut (Staphylea pinnata L.) and Edelweiss (Leontopodium alpinum Cass.). The aim of project learning is the interconnection between school theory and practice, and the upbringing towards independence and responsibility. The pupils in the second primary education stage developed these skills by elaborating a card file of plants and a phytogeographical map of the range of the protected species.

Elevated temperature inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis in the tepals of an Oriental hybrid lily via the suppression of LhMYB12 transcription

High temperature often reduces the quality of anthocyanin colour in flowers, which is a problem in the commercial production of ornamental plants. Anthocyanins are the predominant pigments in flowers of the Oriental hybrid lily (Lilium spp.). We investigated the effects of elevated temperature on anthocyanin accumulation in the tepals of a pink-flowered cultivar Marrero. To clarify the flower stage most susceptible to elevated temperature, the flowers were divided into seven developmental stages. Potted plants with flowers at these stages were incubated at 35°C or 20°C for 2 days. The elevated temperature at 35°C caused poor colouration in the tepals at stage (St) 2 and 3. At 20°C, anthocyanin accumulation began at St 2 and anthocyanin content increased at St 3. The elevated temperature did not affect anthocyanin colouration at other stages. To clarify the mechanism for the poor colouration at St 2 and 3 at 35°C, the transcription of LhMYB12 (which regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) as well as endogenous sugar content was evaluated in tepals. The transcription of LhMYB12, CHS, F3H, and DFR was suppressed at St 2 and 3 under the elevated temperature. The change in sugar content in the tepals at 35°C was not correlated with the reduced anthocyanin accumulation. Thus, we conclude that elevated temperatures inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis at St 2 and 3 via the suppression of LhMYB12 transcription.

English

FT is thought to be the florigen in plants. In this research, a new method for promoting lily flowering was introduced. The function of FT gene cloned fromArabidopsis on promoting lily flowering was analyzed. pET-30a-FT vector was constructed to indicate the expression of FT:eGFP fuse protein in prokaryotic cells. FT:eGFP was also constructed into plant virus vector-pGR106. AgrobacteriumGV3101 harboring pGR106-FT was injected into lily. The injected lily showed early flowering when compared with the control plants. The detection of eGFP and PCR analysis indicated that the virus harboring FT:eGFP was replicated and expressed in the host plants. The results showed that FT:eGFP fuse protein functioned in promoting lily flowering.   Key words: FT, viral vector, lily.

Floral Scent Composition in Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig Analyzed by SPME

The headspace volatile compounds of the flowers of ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig) were analyzed by solid phase microextraction coupled with capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A total of 39 compounds were identified, representing 98% of the entire amount. The volatile fraction was characterized by monoterpene hydrocarbons (34.9%), oxygenated monoterpenes (34.4%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (13.2%). The major components were (E)-β-ocimene (28.7%), linalool (19.3%) and 1,8-cineole (14.5%), and they were found to make a major contribution to the typical scent of this flower

Cross compatibility between Lilium x fomolongi group and Lilium.brownii

Lilium is an ornamental plant with great worldwide commercial importance. Obtaining intra- and interspecific hybrids is a known approach to introduce new traits into the commercial groups and cultivars. However, considering the incompatibility of many intra- and interspecific crosses, resulting from pre-fertilization and post-fertilization barriers, various methods have been employed to obtain new hybrids. L. longiflorum is a Lilium group with great marketability, which exhibits incompatibility in many crosses. Here, we have tried to obtain interspecific L. × fomolongi × L. brownii and L. longiflorum × L. brownii hybrids using the combination of ovary slice and ovule culture. In the study, we obtained some interspecific hybrids in Eorayon 2ho × B (7), and Augusta × B (7), as well as Augusta × KHR, Afjw × KDD, and Augusta × KDD crosses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported successful study obtaining L. xfomolongi × L. brownii hybrids. Evaluating the morphological characteristics of the hybrids obtained, as well as studying the traits introduced from parents, can be topics for future studies. Key words: Lilium, ovule culture, hybrid, ovary slice culture, embryo rescue, SSR.

Measuring hospital efficiency in Belize: a data envelopment analysis approach

Abstract Title: Measuring Hospital Efficiency in Belize: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach Author: Lily Jamini Guerra Advisor: Yi-Hsin Elsa Hsu Ph.D., Associate Professor Providing efficient health care has become the primary focus within health systems therefore prompting health officials or authorities to develop health reforms. The Government of Belize (GOB), the financial mediator of health care in Belize, presented its New Health Care Reform in 2001. This entailed a decentralized system with the establishment of 4 health regions headed by a Regional Health Manager who possesses managerial autonomy. Up to date, no sort of evaluation has been conducted to assess the performance of these public facilities. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the 7 public hospitals in Belize from 2001-2008, evaluates any performance variations among the 4 regional management system within this period and proposes new approaches for controlling costs and improving quality to health managers, policy makers, and respective governmental bodies. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a non-parametric linear programming model, was used to measure the technical efficiencies (TE) of these 7 public hospitals for a 8-year period (2001-2008). The results yield a mean TE of 0.89, which means that more outputs could be produced with the present levels of inputs of hospitals. Descriptive statistics demonstrated an overall increase in both input and output variables within the 8-year study period. Increments include: 2% (BEDS), 23% (NS), 42% (PHYS), 237% (EXPEN), 7% (OUTPAT), and 18% (INPAT). A Kruskal-Wallis Test was computed to certify any equality of population among median of the two independent groups, years and hospitals. The hospitals group yielded a P-value of 0.001 indicating a statistical significance. Summarily, this study provides the first baseline mechanism pertaining to technical efficiency information which could be used by the respective governmental authorities in monitoring future efficiency performances. Policy makers could assist future researchers by modifying the indicators for the data collection process within hospital, regional, and ministerial levels for obtaining more concise datasets. In addition, this study can assist policy makers in identifying the medical resources' deployment policies by establishing a priority setting mechanism which would intermittently provide information on the needs of the hospitals. Acknowledgement of this study will undoubtedly enable the respective authorities within the Ministry of Health in offering efficient, equitable, and quality health services to all the people of Belize.

Design of graphical configuration system for vacuum drying of lilies in Lanzhou

Design of graphical configuration system for vacuum drying of lilies in Lanzhou

The Granddaughter Sings Lily Home (1994)

The Granddaughter Sings Lily Home (1994)

Control of Floral Scent Emission by Inhibitors of Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase in Cut Flower of Lilium cv. ‘Casa Blanca’

Oriental hybrid lily flowers have a pleasant fragrance. Especially in a confined space, however, the scent can be perceived as too strong and therefore unpleasant. Our analysis of the major scent compounds in cut flowers of ‘Casa Blanca’ lilies, which is one of the most popular oriental hybrid lilies in Japan, identified two aromatics (benzyl alcohol and iso-eugenol) and two terpenoids (linalool and cis-ocimene). In addition, p-creosol (aromatics) was detected as a minor component. Based on sensual impressions, we assumed that iso-eugenol and p-creosol were the main causes of the unpleasant odor. We concluded that inhibitors of the biosynthesis of aromatics could decrease concentrations of these compounds and make the fragrance of ‘Casa Blanca’ less unpleasant. The biosynthesis of aromatics is generally catalyzed by phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). We used aminooxy acetic acid (AOA) and L-2-aminooxy-3-phenylpropionoic acid (AOPP) as PAL inhibitors. Application of AOA and AOPP at 0.1 mM and 1.0 mM by vase treatment decreased the emissions of scent compounds. For practical application, AOA was selected because of its much lower cost. Continuous treatment with AOA decreased the emissions of scent compounds to 10 to 20% of the control at a constant ratio at all times of day on the second and third days after flowering when ‘Casa Blanca’ emitted the greatest amounts of scent compounds. Similar effects were found on the last day of flowering. Under certain conditions, temporary treatment for 24 h evoked similar effects as continuous treatment. Application of 1.0 mM AOA caused chemical injury to the tepals, but 0.1 mM AOA did not. Treatment of plants with opened flowers was less effective than treatment at a late bud stage. In summary, continuous post-harvest treatment with 0.1 mM AOA of ‘Casa Blanca’ at late flower bud stages can decrease the emissions of scent compounds and render the fragrance milder without affecting flower morphology through its period of use as an ornamental.

In vitro propagation of Lilium martagon L. var. cattaniae Vis. and evaluation of genotoxic potential of its leaves and bulbs extracts

Lilium martagon L. var. cattaniae Vis. (Liliaceae) is endemic plant of Dinaridi mountain. In this work we established protocol for fast in vitro propagation and multiplication of Lilium martagon var. cattaniae. The aim was to enable fast production of plant material as potential source of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites. Seeds of L.martagon var. cattaniae were germinated on a Murashige and Skoog basal medium with a supplement of 0.15 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3), and multiplication was performed on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.2 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg/l 6-ben- zylaminopurine (BAP). We used ultrasound assisted extraction to prepare extracts of leaves and bulbs of Lilium martagon var. cattaniae, which were evaluated for their genotoxic potential using Allium test and cytokinesis-block micronucleus test in human lymphocytes culture. There was statistically significant difference between all used concentrations of lilium extracts and control on proliferation of cells of root tip of onion (Allium cepa). In cytokinesis-block micronucleus test no statistically significant difference between frequencies of analyzed parameters in samples treated with tested concentrations of extracts and control was obtained.

Genetic diversity in two Lilium (Liliaceae) species from different regions of Greece based on a Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.

Distribution of genetic variation between populations of Lilium albanicum and Lilium chalcedonicum was investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) profiles. Plants for the analysis were collected from four different populations, containing 33 individuals. Eleven primers yielded 88 polymorphic bands. UPGMA clustering and principle coordinate analysis indicated a clear separation between the populations of the two species and all the analyzed individuals clustered in three groups, one comprising L. chalcedonicum and the other two groups encompassing three populations of L. albanicum. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 33% of the total variance is between species. The highest amount of genetic differentiation, 51% of the total variance, is found within the individual populations.

Oriental hybrid lily Sorbonne homologue of LhMYB12 regulates anthocyanin biosyntheses in flower tepals and tepal spots

Anthocyanins are the predominant visible pigments in flowers of the Oriental hybrid lily (Lilium spp.). To understand the regulatory mechanisms of flower coloration in this hybrid lily, full-length cDNA of the R2R3-MYB gene, LhSorMYB12, was isolated from anthocyanin-accumulating tepals of the cultivar Sorbonne. The deduced amino acid sequence of LhSorMYB12 showed 85% (209/246) identity, including a gap of seven amino acids, with an amino acid sequence in LhMonMYB12 that regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in the Asiatic hybrid lily. Transcripts of LhSorMYB12 accumulated in anthocyanin-accumulating tepals of three cultivars but not in white tepals of two other cultivars. The white-tepal cultivar Rialto showed LhMYB12 transcription in tepals, but the Rialto sequence contained amino acid replacements in the R2 repeat, resulting in reduced transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and in no pigmentation. Spatial and temporal transcription of LhSorMYB12 showed that transcription of LhMYB12 corresponded well with transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in tepal regions where anthocyanins accumulated and in anthocyanin spots on tepals. These results indicate that LhSorMYB12 definitely regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and is responsible for the tepal color difference between Oriental hybrid lily cultivars.

Lily Robinson and Ready, On the Set, Go: Recollections

Lily Robinson and Ready, On the Set, Go: Recollections

Design of long-cold storage for bulbs of lilium and its application effects

Design of long-cold storage for bulbs of lilium and its application effects

Lily Robinson and Ready, on the Set Go

Lily Robinson and Ready, on the Set Go

Lily Robinson and Up in Arms: Recollections

Lily Robinson and Up in Arms: Recollections

1140 ユリの花の蕾構造に見られる力学的工夫(OS17-2:生物構造のバイオミメティクス2)

1140 ユリの花の蕾構造に見られる力学的工夫(OS17-2:生物構造のバイオミメティクス2)