Lifestyle Status Research Articles

Abstract 17569: Changes in Adherence to “Life’s Essential 8” and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

Introduction: The American Heart Association recently released an updated algorithm for evaluating cardiovascular health (CVH)—Life’s Essential 8 (LE8). However, very few studies have evaluated associations between changes in LE8 score over time and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that improving adherence to LE8 score over time was associated with lower CVD risk. Methods: We examined associations between 6-year changes (from 2006 to 2012) in LE8 score (score range, 0-100) and risk of CVD, including heart disease and stroke (from 2012 to 2020). Participants were 53328 Chinese adults from the Kailuan Study who were free from CVD in 2012. Diet, lifestyle and health conditions were repeatedly assessed every 2 years. The LE8 score was calculated based on scores for 8 components: diet quality, physical activity, smoking status, sleep health, BMI, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. We used Cox proportional-hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with adjustment for age, sex, alcohol intake, education, income, and family history of CVD. Results: We documented 4264 incident CVD cases (2159 heart disease and 2311 stroke) (some individuals had both heart disease and stroke) during a median of 7.7 years of follow-up. Compared with participants whose LE8 scores remained stable, those with the largest increase of LE8 score had a 30% lower CVD risk, 30% lower heart disease risk, and 28% lower stroke risk (HR and 95%CI: 0.70 (0.63, 0.78) for CVD, 0.70 (0.61, 0.82) for heart disease, 0.72 (0.63, 0.83) for stroke); while participants with the largest decrease had a 47%, 57%, and 35% higher risk for CVD, heart disease, and stroke, respectively. Each 10 points increase of LE8 score was associated with 27%-29% lower risk for these diseases. Similar results were observed in secondary analyses of 4-year changes (2006 - 2010) and 8-year changes (2006 - 2014) in LE8 score with CVD risk. These associations persisted in subgroup analysis stratified by risk factors of CVD. Conclusions: Improving adherence to LE8 score over a 6-year period was associated with lower risk of CVD, heart disease, and stroke, whereas decreased adherence to LE8 score was associated with higher risk. These findings support greater adherence to LE8 for improving CVH.

The Influence of Atmospheric Pressure and Organic Loading on the Sustainability of Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification

In high-altitude regions, a diminished atmospheric oxygen content significantly impairs the aeration efficiency of municipal wastewater, posing a challenge to sustainable wastewater management. Consequently, conventional biological wastewater treatment methods necessitate elevated energy consumption in high-altitude areas, rendering them economically and environmentally unsustainable. The simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process, owing to its minimal oxygen requirements, emerges as a promising and sustainable solution in low-pressure environments. Additionally, owing to the unique lifestyle and natural conditions in plateau regions, the organic loading in municipal wastewater is often low. To comprehensively assess the impact of low pressure and organic loading on the SND process, three laboratory-scale reactors were implemented. This study revealed that low pressure and the introduction of organic matter enhanced both nitrogen removal performance and SND efficiency. The sludge volume index decreased by 93.5%, indicating a substantial improvement in the microbial aggregation ability and the formation of a more favorable SND sludge structure. 16S rRNA sequencing results demonstrated alterations in the microbial community structure due to low pressure and the addition of organic matter, leading to a substantial increase in the abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Furthermore, the prediction results of functional genes indicated the upregulation of genes related to the nitrification and denitrification processes with decreasing pressure and the addition of organic matter. This enhancement underlines the improved microbial nitrogen removal function. This study underscores the positive influence of low pressure and organic loading on the SND system, thereby substantially enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability of the SND process in plateau regions.

APAKAH LITERASI KEUANGAN MAMPU MEMPERLEMAH PERILAKU KONSUMTIF MAHASISWA?

Excessive consumptive behavior has a negative impact on students, such as a hedonic lifestyle, an uncontrollable shopping appetite and a tendency to have no savings in the future. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of using e-wallets, lifestyle, and family economic conditions on consumptive behavior with financial literacy as a moderating variable. The research population was 115 students of the Faculty of Economics and Business UNNES Bachelor of Economics and Accounting Education class of 2019. The sample was calculated using the Slovin formula so that a total of 89 students were obtained. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling or random sampling. Research data was collected using a questionnaire with the help of google form. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and PLS Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The conclusion of this study is that the use of e-wallets and lifestyle have a positive and significant effect on consumptive behavior. The family's economic situation has no effect on consumptive behavior and financial literacy cannot weaken the relationship between e-wallet use, lifestyle and family economic conditions on consumptive behavior. Keywords: E-Wallet, Lifestyle, Family Economic Situation

Factors important for health-related quality of life in men and women: The population based SCAPIS study.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is essential for human wellbeing, influenced by a complex interplay of factors, and is reported lower in women than men. We aimed to evaluate which factors were the most important for HRQoL in a middle-aged general population. This was a cross-sectional, multi-centre study of 29,212 men (48%) and women (52%) aged 50-64 in the general population in Sweden. Physical and mental HRQoL (0-100) was assessed using the Short Form 12 questionnaire, and association was evaluated for 356 variables including demographics, lifestyle, symptoms, physiological measurements, and health conditions. Using machine learning, each variable´s importance for HRQoL was measured by an importance score, comparable to effect size, and summarised in 54 factors, in men and women separately. Men and women had similar mean and standard deviation (SD) scores for physical HRQoL (53.4 [SD 8.1] vs 51.4 [9.7]) and mental HRQoL (37.1 [5.0] vs 37.3 [5.4]). The most important factors for physical HRQoL were (importance score) physical activity (40), employment (36), pain (33), sleep (33), and sense of control (26). The most important factors for mental HRQoL were sense of control (18), physical activity (12), depression (12), pain (6), and employment (5). The factors important for HRQoL identified by this study are likely to be amenable to interventions, and our findings can support prioritising interventions. The identified factors need to be a target even before middle-age to lay the foundation for long and happy lives.

Factorizing social advanced aspects in modern life on human health

The emergence of technology has brought about a dramatic shift in different aspects of life, especially the aspect of societal advancement. As people adapt to such transformation, it is undoubted that their lifestyles adapt as well. However, whether such changes oppose the well-being of an individual and whether there is a relationship between daily habits and health condition is an interesting topic that this research is going to focus on. Meanwhile, the benefits of implementing data analysis have been proven regarding understanding statistical problems. On such account, this work is going to use the powerful method of data analysis into investigating the relationship between lifestyle and health conditions, with the practice of big data sets deploying R programming language. The procedure from gathering to interpreting data is going to be introduced, and the result is then placed in comparison with related existing studies. By doing so, it has shown that the result has reflected accurately the topics and thus, given evidence for the potential of analyzing the connection between habitual practice and health status.

Развитие народного образования в Каркаралинском районе в 20–30-е годы ХХ века: успехи, проблемы, перспективы

В статье на основе значительного комплекса архивных материалов, включающих как архивные фонды центральных государственных архивов Республики Казахстан, так и фонды областных и районных архивов, рассмотрены основные мероприятия по созданию системы школьного образования в Каркаралинском регионе в 1917–1941 годы. Предпринята попытка проследить преобразования в системе образования, выявить количественные и качественные показатели, характеризующие становление и развитие народного образования в крае. Дан анализ состояния школьного образования на примере развития русских и казахских школ, выявлены основные характеристики, роль и место школ первой ступени и школ второй ступени. Обращено внимание на то, что создание системы образования сопровождалось мероприятиями по ликвидации безграмотности и малограмотности среди взрослого населения Каркаралинского региона через систему ликбезов, красных юрт и др. Прослежена роль интернатов в системе образования, обращено внимание на их особую важность в условиях кочевого образа жизни, который был характерен для значительной части населения изучаемого региона в 1920–30-е годы. Показана роль педагогического техникума в формировании учительских кадров, необходимых для работы в школах города Каркаралинска и Каркаралинского района. Анализ количественных показателей развития системы образования в регионе на протяжении двух десятилетий позволил сделатьвывод о поступательном развитии школьного образования, о постоянном росте количества учащихся, прежде всего, казахской национальности в школах первой ступени.

Bioarchaeology and Paleoclimate Aspects of the Study of the Upper Don Region Population of the Middle Bronze Age

The paper presents the reconstruction of the lifestyle, environment, and climate conditions of the inhabitants of the forest-steppe zone of the East European Plain in the Middle Bronze Age. Presented study is based on the results of archaeological work on the territory of the archaeological heritage site «Volkhonskiye Vyselki 1, kurgan» carried out in 2021 by the expedition of the Lipetsk regional scientific public organization «Archaeological Research». The mound belongs to the Middle Don Catacomb culture and contains 9 graves. It was demonstrated that the climate at the time of the creation of the mound were more arid than at modern times by soil-archaeological method. Levels of mobile P forms in soils suggest that the site was used for feasts, both before the creation of the mound and after. The gender and age, osteometric and pathological characteristics of the skeletons of 15 buried are given. Because of the results of isotope analyzes it has been assumed that the diet of the deceased was based on plant food.

Role of Yoga Prana Vidya healing techniques in successful and speedy recovery of skin ailments: A multiple case study

Introduction: Skin ailments are those diseases that affect the skin. They can be triggered either due to some bacteria or fungal infections or some dust or food allergies or imbalances in the digestive system causing eruptions or itching on the surface of the skin. Some skin ailments are also genetic in nature caused due to poor lifestyle and environmental conditions. Material and Method: This study uses the case study method by collecting data from multiple patients and recording their feedback. Results: The skin conditions treated in 6 cases were: Skin Infection, Folliculitis, Warts on the skin, Boils on the skin, Skin allergy, and Fungal moles using YPV healing protocols along with the practice of YPV Sadhana App component, with complete cure resulting after a few weeks of healing. The patients experienced complete cures after the respective healers healed the cases, without any medical intervention. Conclusion: It is observed that the no touch and no drug, distance healing Yoga Prana Vidya modality which is a holistic and integrated energy healing system has been effective in treating a variety of ailments including various skin issues. Further research using appropriate sample and methodology is recommended.

Does practicing healthy lifestyles improve the technical efficiency of farms?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to ascertain if practising healthy lifestyles improves the technical efficiency of farms in Kwara state, Nigeria. In theory, all deviations from the optimum level of output are due to random effects and inefficiency of producers in which their health plays a key part and is dependent on the kind of lifestyle practiced whether healthy or unhealthy.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional data were employed through a three-staged sampling technique to pick 320 arable crop farmers across the state using a well-defined questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, healthy lifestyles index (HLI), stochastic production frontier (SPF) and propensity score matching (PSM).FindingsFirst, the analysis showed that about one-third of the sampled arable crop farmers practised healthy lifestyles. Second, the average technical efficiency of arable crop production for farmers who practised a healthy lifestyle was 0.893, and the level of technical inefficiency of the farms was determined by health-related lifestyle status, number of day's illness and educational level. Third, technical efficiency was improved by 0.00431067 for farms whose farmers practised a healthy lifestyle.Originality/valueRather than seeing that technical efficiencies of farms are attributed to farm characteristics, inputs used and socioeconomic characteristics alone, the findings suggest that technical inefficiencies of arable crop farmers were also due to the kind of lifestyle practised, which was evidenced in the increased efficiency for farmers who practised healthy lifestyle.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-05-2023-0353

Exercise Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Muscular Function, Cardiorespiratory Function, and Body Composition in Smokers: A Narrative Review.

Smoking is amongst the leading global threats with high incidences of preventable premature mortality, morbidity, and various chronic diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaims a decrease in the prevalence of daily smoking in both males and females from 1980 to 2012, however, the number of regular smokers since then has exponentially increased. The low socio-income status individuals contribute greatly towards tobacco-attributable diseases due to limited access to healthcare systems, mostly in developing countries as compared to developed countries. Smoking affects the optimal functioning of the human body, which results in altered body system processes. Although a high intake of nicotine can lead to prolonged adherence and dependence on smoking, other factors, such as an individual's level of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), stress, depression, and anxiety, can produce similar effects. Smoking has a wide impact on lifestyle factors, which explains the increase in the number of sedentary smokers with decreased health fitness levels and poor lifestyle conditions. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the exercise effects on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), muscular function, cardiorespiratory function, and body composition in smokers. Concurrently, exercise as an intervention has been sourced as a rehabilitation strategy during smoking cessation programmes to restore the diminishing health components, however, a high rate of relapse occurs due to intolerable withdrawal symptoms.

Association of behavior pattern with overweight and obesity in South Korean adults-A multi correspondence analysis (KNHANES-2018-2020).

The objective was to determine the association between health-related behaviour with overweight and obesity in South Korean adults by using the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2018-2020. The study participants were 16,784 aged ≥ 20years. The variables were socio-demographic, lifestyle, food habits and metabolic conditions. The logistic regression analysis performed to find the association by the odds ratio (OR, 95% CI). MCA performed to identify risk factors were computed for overweight and obesity. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with health behaviour, high income (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.15-1.39), smoking(OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08-1.53), low physical activity(OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.79-4.69), diabetes(OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.62-4.50), high cholesterol and low HDL(OR = 3.98; 95%CI:2.65-5.97). The high discriminant variables of MCA were aged over 60years, lower education, high income, diabetes, lack of physical activity, and high cholesterol. The findings confirm that the OR of obesity and overweight was likely associated with health behaviour patterns. Besides, it indicates the MCA would be very effective to identify the population-based data context than individual data and it may suggest that more research on association between health behaviours and obesity prevention interventions should be developed for each age group for better health outcomes.

Osteosarcopenia later in life: Prevalence and associated risk factors

The identification of risk factors for osteosarcopenia in older adults is important for planning preventative strategies in clinical practice. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with osteosarcopenia in older adults using different diagnostic criteria. The sample included 171 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 79.4±5.9 years and mean body mass index of 25.67±4.70kg/m2. We analyzed sociodemographic, biomarkers, lifestyle, and health condition data from participants of the "Projeto Idosos - Goiânia" cohort study. The outcome osteosarcopenia was defined as the simultaneous occurrence of sarcopenia and osteopenia. Osteopenia was diagnosed by low lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Sarcopenia was diagnosed using handgrip dynamometry and appendicular skeletal mass index assessed by DEXA following the criteria of the two European consensuses on sarcopenia (2010 and 2018). Two osteosarcopenia outcome variables were evaluated: OsteoSarc1 and OsteoSarc2 using the 2010 and 2018 European sarcopenia consensus criteria, respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the prevalence ratios (PRs). The prevalence of OsteoSarc1 and OsteoSarc2 were 12.8% and 7.2%, respectively, with no significant gender differences. OsteoSarc1 was associated with low potassium (PR: 3.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10-10.43) and malnutrition (PR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.78-8.30). OsteoSarc2 was associated with being ≥80 years (PR: 7.64, 95% CI: 1.57-37.07), >4 years of education (PR: 3.25, 95% CI: 1.03-10.22), alcohol consumption (PR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.01-5.77), low potassium (PR: 2.22, 95% CI: 1.45-6.87), low serum vitamin D (PR: 4.47, 95% CI: 1.68-11.88), and malnutrition (PR: 5.00, 95% CI: 1.06-23.51). OsteoSarc1 had a higher prevalence. The risk factors associated with the two outcomes were malnutrition and potassium level, as well as other risk factors, such as alcohol consumption and low vitamin D level. These findings may contribute to the prevention or treatment of this health condition in older adults.

Local Food Environment and Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods: Cross-Sectional Data from the Nutritionists' Health Study-NutriHS.

This study aimed to analyze whether community food environments are associated with individual food consumption among nutrition students and newly graduated nutritionists. This cross-sectional study used data from the Nutritionists' Health Study cohort, which included 357 undergraduate nutrition students from the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Exposure to the food environment was defined as the proximity and availability of food outlets within a 500 m buffer from the participants' homes. Food consumption was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire and analyzed according to the NOVA classification. Multi-level linear regression models with fixed effects were used to estimate the presence of food outlets within the buffer and their association with food consumption. The presence of mini-markets in the buffer in the fourth quartile was associated with lower consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) when observing socioeconomic and lifestyle conditions (β = -3.29; 95% CI = -6.39 to -0.19). The presence of bakeries and coffee shops was related to lower consumption of ultra-processed foods among participants when observing socioeconomic conditions (β = -3.10; 95% CI = -6.18 to -0.02). There was no clear evidence of an association between the type of food outlet and UPF consumption. The community food environment seemed to influence food consumption among study participants, although clearer and more consistent evidence on this subject is needed.

Becoming aWARE: The Development of a Web-Based Tool for Autism Research and the Environment.

A sharp rise in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence estimates, beginning in the 1990s, suggested factors additional to genetics were at play. This stimulated increased research investment in nongenetic factors, including the study of environmental chemical exposures, diet, nutrition, lifestyle, social factors, and maternal medical conditions. Consequently, both peer- and non-peer-reviewed bodies of evidence investigating environmental contributors to ASD etiology have grown significantly. The heterogeneity in the design and conduct of this research results in an inconclusive and unwieldy 'virtual stack' of publications. We propose to develop a Web-based tool for Autism Research and the Environment (aWARE) to comprehensively aggregate and assess these highly variable and often conflicting data. The interactive aWARE tool will use an approach for the development of systematic evidence maps (SEMs) to identify and display all available relevant published evidence, enabling users to explore multiple research questions within the scope of the SEM. Throughout tool development, listening sessions and workshops will be used to seek perspectives from the broader autism community. New evidence will be indexed in the tool annually, which will serve as a living resource to investigate the association between environmental factors and ASD.

Fatigue in transportation operations: A contextual factors survey among Iranian suburban drivers.

Fatigue, as a persistent and serious occupational hazard, plays an important role in traffic accidents by reducing the driver's ability to maneuver with the vehicle and increasing the likelihood of falling asleep at the wheel. The purpose of this study was to identify the individual contextual factors, sleep condition, lifestyle, job characteristics, environmental, and economic conditions that affect the fatigue and alertness of Iranian suburban bus drivers. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was used for this study. Non-probability sampling was used to study 401 suburban bus drivers from Tehran province, Iran, ranging in age from 24 to 67 years. The SPSS22 statistical software V27 was used for the analysis. Approximately half of the participants (50.5%) had experienced fatigue while driving in the previous six months. According to a logistic regression analysis, the contextual factors were all independently related to falling asleep and fatigue while driving. This study provides a thorough understanding of the contextual factors related to drowsy driving and emphasizes the importance of taking these things into consideration when developing interventions aimed at improving the driver's wellbeing and health and lowering the risk of errors and accidents.

Kidney Biopsy Utility: Patient and Clinician Perspectives from the Kidney Precision Medicine Project

Limited data exist on patient perspectives of the implications of kidney biopsies. We explored patients' perspectives alongside those of clinicians to better understand how kidney biopsies affect patients' viewpoints and the clinical utility of biopsies. Prospective Cohort Study. Patient participants and clinicians in the Kidney Precision Medicine Project, a prospective cohort study of patients who undergo a research protocol biopsy, at 9 recruitment sites across the United States. Surveys were completed at enrollment before biopsy and additional timepoints after biopsy (participants: 28 days, 6 months; clinicians: 2 weeks). Kappa statistics assessed prebiopsy etiology concordance between clinicians and participants. Participant perspectives after biopsy were analyzed using a thematic approach. Clinician ratings of clinical management value were compared to prebiopsy ratings with Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests and paired t tests. A total of 167 participants undergoing biopsy (124 participants with chronic kidney disease [CKD], 43 participants with acute kidney injury [AKI]) and 58 clinicians were included in this study. CKD participants and clinicians had low etiology concordance for the 2 leading causes of CKD: diabetes (k=0.358) and hypertension (k=0.081). At 28 days postbiopsy, 46 (84%) participants reported that the biopsy affected their understanding of their diagnosis, and 21 (38%) participants reported that the results of the biopsy affected their medications. Participants also shared biopsy impressions in free-text responses, including impacts on lifestyle and concurrent condition management. The biopsy positively shifted clinician perceptions of the procedure's clinical management benefits, while perceptions of prognostic value decreased and diagnostic ratings remained unchanged. Our study did not have demographic data of clinicians and could not provide insight into postbiopsy experiences for participants who did not respond to follow-up surveys. Participant perspectives of the personal implications of kidney biopsy can be integrated into shared decision-making between clinicians and patients. Enhanced biopsy reports and interactions between nephrologists and pathologists could augment the management and prognostic value of kidney biopsies. The utility of kidney biopsy is debated among clinicians, and patients' perspectives are even less explored. To address these gaps, we synthesized perspectives from clinicians and patient participants of the Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP). Both before and after biopsy, clinicians were surveyed on how the procedure affected their clinical management, diagnosis, and prognosis. After biopsy, participants shared how the procedure affected their diagnosis, medication, and lifestyle changes. Clinicians and patients shared an appreciation for the biopsy's impact on medical management but diverged in their takeaways on diagnosis and prognosis. These findings highlight the need for greater collaboration between patients and clinicians, particularly as they navigate shared decision-making when considering kidney biopsy.

ROLE OF AHAR WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MADHUMEHA (DIABETES MELLITUS)

In this current era, people suffer from many metabolic and Hormonal diseases. The burden of diabetes is high and increasing globally and in developing countries like India, mainly fuelled by the increasing prevalence of overweight and unhealthy lifestyles. Some conditions like Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, and Obesity are risk fac-tors for Madhumeha (diabetes Type 2). The estimates in 2019 showed that 77 million individuals had diabetes in India, which is expected to rise to over 134 million by 2045. Material and Methods: The review will be done from various Ayurvedic classical texts, modern textbooks, international journals, and online databases like Google Scholar for relevant literature. Discussion: Poor dietary pattern, Ahara having Snigdha and Guru guna, lifestyle, and stressful conditions vitiated Kapha predominant Tridosha→Saptadhatu along with Dhatukshaya, which ultimately diminished digestive fire led to Ama formation. Madhumeha is one such disease that is de-scribed in almost all classical Ayurvedic texts. The cure for pre-diabetic conditions and preventive strategies of diabetes Kapha-Medahara and Vatanulomaka Anna pana uses, Mudga Yush, Yava churan, Tikta rasa, and Ruksh guna are also used. traditional medicine Haridra, Amalki, and Triphala. Conclusion: Diabetes is con-trolled by curing the pre-diabetic condition. Explore the ancient Ahar kapha-Medahara and Vatanulomaka Anna pana, yoga, and traditional medicine.

Exploring the Link between Chronic Kidney Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Insights from a Longitudinal Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are common illnesses found in the geriatric population. A potential link between CKD and PD emergence has been hypothesized; however, existing conclusions are disputed. In this longitudinal research, we analyzed data acquired from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. The dataset comprised the health information of 16,559 individuals clinically diagnosed with CKD and 66,236 control subjects of comparable ages, all aged ≥40 years. These subjects participated in health examinations from 2002 to 2019. To assess the correlation between CKD and PD, we employed overlap-weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models. The unadjusted, crude hazard ratio for PD was greater in the CKD group than in the control group (crude hazard ration (HR) 1.20; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.39; p = 0.011). However, the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, incorporating propensity score overlap weighting, revealed no significant discrepancy after considering confounding variables such as demographic factors, socio-economic status, lifestyle, and concurrent health conditions (adjusted HR (aHR), 1.09; 95% CI = 0.97-1.22; p = 0.147). Subgroup analyses showed a higher probability of PD development among certain CKD individuals, including those who resided in rural areas (aHR, 1.19; 95% CI = 1.03-1.37; p = 0.022), maintained a normal weight (aHR, 1.29; 95% CI = 1.08-1.56; p = 0.006), or had fasting blood glucose levels ≥100 mg/dL (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI = 1.00-1.39; p = 0.046). Therefore, these clinical or environmental factors may influence the incidence of PD in CKD patients. In conclusion, our results suggest that the general CKD population may not exhibit a greater propensity for PD than their non-CKD counterparts. However, this might be contingent upon specific lifestyle and comorbid conditions. Thus, certain lifestyle alterations could be crucial in mitigating the potential manifestation of PD in patients diagnosed with CKD.

Trends in Self-Reported Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among US Adults, 1999 to March 2020

Adherence to a healthy lifestyle is associated with lower risks of adverse outcomes. However, trends in multiple lifestyle factors and overall healthy lifestyle status among US adults in recent years are unknown. To examine trends in multiple lifestyle factors and overall healthy lifestyle among US adults. This serial cross-sectional study used nationally representative data from 10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (nine 2-year cycles from 1999 to 2016 and 1 combined cycle from 2017 to March 2020) among adults 20 years or older. Data were analyzed from December 10, 2021, to January 11, 2023. Survey cycle. Five healthy lifestyle factors: never smoking, moderate or lighter alcohol consumption (for women: ≤7 drinks/wk; for men: ≤14 drinks/wk), healthy diet (Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores ≥60.0), sufficient physical activity (≥150 min/wk of equivalent moderate physical activity), and healthy weight (body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared] 18.5-24.9). A total of 47 852 adults were included in this study. The weighted mean [SE] age was 47.3 [0.2] years; 24 539 (weighted proportion, 51.5%) were women. From the 1999-2000 cycle to the 2017 to March 2020 cycle, the estimated prevalence of the 5 lifestyle factors showed divergent trends, with increasing prevalence of never smoking (from 49.4% [95% CI, 46.4%-52.4%] to 57.7% [95% CI, 55.5%-59.9%]; difference, 8.2% [95% CI, 4.5%-12.0%]), healthy diet (from 19.3% [95% CI, 16.0%-22.6%] to 24.5% [95% CI, 21.5%-27.5%]; difference, 5.2% [95% CI, 0.8%-9.7%]), and sufficient physical activity (from 55.7% [95% CI, 51.8%-59.6%] to 69.1% [95% CI, 67.2%-71.1%]; difference, 13.4% [95% CI, 9.0%-17.8%]), while prevalence of healthy weight decreased from 33.1% (95% CI, 30.5%-35.6%) to 24.6% (95% CI, 22.6%-26.7%; difference, -8.4% [95% CI, -11.8% to -5.1%]) (all P < .001 for trend). Meanwhile, there was no significant trend in moderate or lighter alcohol consumption. Overall, the estimated prevalence of at least 4 healthy lifestyle factors increased from 15.7% (95% CI, 12.8%-18.7%) to 20.3% (95% CI, 17.8%-22.7%; difference, 4.5% [95% CI, 0.7%-8.4%]; P < .001 for trend). Disparities in healthy lifestyle were widened by age group, with little improvement among adults 65 years and older (difference, 0.04% [95% CI, -4.28% to 4.35%]). There were persistent disparities in healthy lifestyle by race and ethnicity, educational level, and income level. The findings of this cross-sectional study of NHANES data over a 22-year period suggest diverse change patterns across 5 healthy lifestyle factors and a modest improvement in overall lifestyle existed among US adults, with worsening or persistent disparities in lifestyle.

An overview of normal human gut microbiota and dysbiosis

In modern science, “gut health” is becoming very popular for its success in various therapeutic aspects. Human gut microbiota starts to colonize during birth, grows in parallel with host, and develops at 3-5 years of age like an adult. Ecological and evolutionary pressure determined the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. However, gut microbiota depends on an individual’s ethnicity, diet, lifestyle and health conditions. It may vary from person to person and from population to population. The established gut microbiota plays an important role in the protective, metabolic and structural landscape. Disturbance of ecological balance, known as “dysbiosis” linked with unhealthy diet, antibiotic uses, stress, etc., may profoundly influence various diseases. Research on gut microbiota explores exciting developments in therapeutics, such as prebiotics, probiotics, drugs and fecal transplantation for improved health