SGPT Levels Research Articles

Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis of obese adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome

Obesity and risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) are rapidly increasing in children. Therefore, criteria for MS were aimed to be evaluated in obese children (OC). Materials and methods: Anthropometric indices and body composition (bioimpedance) analysis (BIA) were compared in 32 obese and 32 normal-weight children. Biochemical parameters were evaluated in OC. Results of OC with/without MS were compared. Results: Subscapular skinfold thickness (SST) was more sensitive and specific than triceps skinfold thickness in the diagnosis of obesity. According to BIA basal metabolism rate, fat mass (FM), FM%, and FM index were higher, while impedance, FFM%, fat-free-mass (FFM) index, and total-body-water% were lower in OC. Significant positive correlations were found between SST and waist (W) (P = 0.026, r = 0.392), hip (H) (P = 0.004, r = 0.491), and W/height ratio (WHR) (P = 0.002, r = 0.523). Increased body mass index (BMI), W, WHR, and SGPT in conjunction with decreased FFM index and HDL-cholesterol levels were the most important features in OC with MS. Significant negative correlations were found between HDL levels and W (P = 0.001, r = -0.571), H (P = 0.012, r = -0.437), and WHR (P = 0.004, r = -0.49). Conclusion: In obesity SST is sensitive and specific and a valuable marker for central obesity like W, H, and WHR. Mild SGPT level elevation in OC with MS may be due to low HDL level and hepatosteatosis.

Aktivitas Hepatoprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kucing-kucingan Acalypha indica L.) pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Novergicus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol

The research has been conducted to determine hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves on rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with paracetamol. The study was performed following a completely randomized design, using 45 male rats (Rattus novergicus) divided into 5 groups. Rats in group 1 (K1) were given CMC 1 % for 7 days and followed by aquadest administration 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Group 2 was given CMC 1 % for 7 days and treated with paracetamol at dose 2,5 g/kg BW 8 hours post given CMC on day 7. Groups 3 (K3), 4 (K4), and 5 (K5) were pretreated with ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. leaves at the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW for 7 days respectively, followed by paracetamol administration at the dose of 2.5 g/kg BW in the next 8 hours on day 7. Paracetamol hepatotoxicity and extracts activity were measured based on SGPT and SGOT activity level on day 0, 8 hours after last administration of extract on day 7, and 24 hours post paracetamol administration. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the administration of ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica leaves at the dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW was significantly reduced SGPT and SGOT level (P<0,05) in rats that were induced with paracetamol. Based on the results of SGPT and SGOT serum activity, it can be concluded that ethanolic extract of Acalypha indica L. potential as hepatoprotective agent.

Antihepatotoxic Effect of Feronia Limonia Fruit against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatic Damage in Albino Rats

Feronia limonia Swingle, though mentioned as a high utility medicinal plant in Ayurveda for the treat-ment of liver disorders, but has no scientific investigations. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of extracts of Feronia limonia fruit on albino rat liver, damage induced by single dose of carbon-tetrachloride (1.5 ml/kg, p.o.). The oral administration of extracts (500 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days has shown significant hepatoprotective action. There is reduction in the elevated levels of serum enzymes such SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Serum bilirubin and elevation in level of GSH, GPX,GLY and total protein in Feronia limonia protected rats.

Amelioration effects against N-nitrosodiethylamine and CCl(4)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Swiss albino rats by whole plant extract of Achyranthes aspera.

Objective:The prevalence of oxidative stress may be implicated in the etiology of many pathological conditions. Protective antioxidant action imparted by many plant extracts and plant products make them a promising therapeutic drug for free-radical-induced pathologies. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant potential and suppressive effects of Achyranthes aspera by evaluating the hepatic diagnostic markers on chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.Materials and Methods:The in vivo model of hepatocarcinogenesis was studied in Swiss albino rats. Experimental rats were divided into five groups: control, positive control (NDEA and CCl4), A. aspera treated (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w.). At 20 weeks after the administration of NDEA and CCl4, treated rats received A. aspera extract (AAE) at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg once daily route. At the end of 24 weeks, the liver and relative liver weight and body weight were estimated. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assayed. The hepatic diagnostic markers namely serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase (AST), serum glutamic pyruvate transminase (ALT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and bilirubin (BL) were also assayed, and the histopathological studies were investigated in control, positive control, and experimental groups.Results:The extract did not show acute toxicity and the per se effect of the extract showed decrease in LPO, demonstrating antioxidant potential and furthermore no change in the hepatic diagnosis markers was observed. Administration of AAE suppressed hepatic diagnostic and oxidative stress markers as revealed by decrease in NDEA and CCl4 -induced elevated levels of SGPT, SGOT, SALP, GGT, bilirubin, and LPO. There was also a significant elevation in the levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH as observed after AAE treatment. The liver and relative liver weight were decreased after treatment with AAE in comparison to positive control group. The architecture of hepatic tissue was normalized upon treatment with extract at different dose graded at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. b.w. in comparison to positive control group.Conclusion:These results suggest that A. aspera significantly alleviate hepatic diagnostic and oxidative stress markers which signify its protective effect against NDEA and CCl4-induced two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis.

The Effect of EDTA Chelation Therapy in Symptomatic Coronary Heart Disease: An Observational Study

Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) chelation therapy has been considered a definitive alternative therapy for by-pass surgery in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for more than four decades. It is a relatively inexpensive method believed to restore blood flow in atherosclerotic vessels. However, the benefits of chelation therapy yet remain controversial in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. We observed the effect of EDTA chelation therapy on exercise tolerance in 13 volunteering patients receiving conventional treatment for established symptomatic coronary heart disease. Each patient received 30 weekly infusions of EDTA followed by monthly 12 boosters according to the ACAM protocol (American College for Advancement in Medicine). This was in addition to the conventional therapies they received from their respective physician in hospital. Stress ECG, echocardiography and coronary angiogram findings were obtained at the beginning of treatment. The distance that a patient could walk on level ground at moderate speed and the number of steps he/she can climb up on a staircase until he/she begins to feel either chest pain or breathlessness were the two clinical parameters of exercise tolerance recorded to grade angina. Liver and renal functions were tested at 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th and 30th infusions. Of the 13 patients, 11 showed improvement in angina grading whilst 2 experienced no effect. One patient improved from angina grade IV to I, 6 from grade III to I, 1 from grade III to II and 3 from grade II to I. A statistically significant reduction in the mean score (p = 0.002) was noticed at 6th month of treatment when compared to that of the first month. A significant 1.7 fold increase (p = 0.009) in the mean SGPT level was observed at the 30th infusion when compared to the pre-treatment values. The SGOT level showed no significant change (p = 0.664). None of the patients showed clinical features of hepato-cellular damage. The mean serum creatinine level showed a trend for reduction (p = 0.083) with treatment. The recognized side effects of intravenous EDTA chelation therapy such as liver damage, renal damage, hypersensitivity, symptomatic hypocalcaemia, and thrombophlebitis were not encountered. Thus, EDTA chelation therapy as prescribed by the ACAM protocol seems safe and effective in improving exercise tolerance in ischemic heart disease when administered concurrently with conventional therapy.

Antidiabetic Effects of the Different Fractions of Ethanolic Extracts of <i>Ocimum sanctum</i> in Normal and Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

The antidiabetic effects of Ethyl acetate (Et-Ac), Petroleum-ether (Pet-ether), and Chloroform fractions from ethanolic extract of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum were investigated in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats (AIDRs). The effect of these fractions (200 mg/kg body weight i.p) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) level, and liver glycogen content were investigated in AIDRs and found significant effects. The most significant reduction of FBG level of around 80.19% was observed for Et-Ac fraction in AIDRs. A significant reduction (p< 0.01) in serum TC and TG level of 54.49% and 79.78% respectively was also found for Et-Ac fraction of O. sanctum. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities were comparable to metformin HCl (150 mg/kg). In severely diabetic rats, liver glycogen content was decreased by 50.60%. Administration of these fractions to the AIDRs resulted in the significant elevation of liver glycogen content. In diabetic rats, SGOT and SGPT levels were significantly elevated that were further reduced after intraperitoneal administration of these fractions. These results indicate that different fractions of O. sanctum have favorable effects in bringing down the severity of diabetes together with hepatoprotectivity. Keywords: Fasting blood glucose; Hypolipidemic; Serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases; Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases; Hepatoprotectivity. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i1.2769 J. Sci. Res. 2 (1), 158-168 (2010)

EFEK PENGHAMBATAN KENAIKAN SGPT TABLET EKSTRAK CURCUMA TERHADAP KELINCI (Oryctolagus cuniculus) YANG DIBERI KLOROKUIN DAN TETRASIKLIN

This research’s aim to determined inhibition effect of the elevate of SGPT levels by Extract Curcuma Tablets had given Tetracycline and Chloroquine. This research use 12 male rabbits were classified into 4 groups. The first group is chloroquine, the second group is Tetracycline, the third group are chloroquine and Tetracycline, and the fourth are chloroquine –Tetracycline plus Curcuma Extract Tablets. Each of them was measured by SGPT measurement for 3 times. Before the treatment, the first week and the second week after the treatment. Statistical analysis was involved by One-way ANOVA Descriptives Analyzing Data. The result indicated that Curcuma Extract Tablets gift with hepatotoxic medicines could inhibited the elevate of SGPT levels. Key words : Hepatoprotector, chloroquine, SGPT, Tetracycline

EFEK PENGHAMBATAN KENAIKAN SGPT TABLET EKSTRAK CURCUMA TERHADAP KELINCI (Oryctolagus cuniculus) YANG DIBERI KLOROKUIN DAN TETRASIKLIN

This research’s aim to determined inhibition effect of the elevate of SGPT levels by Extract Curcuma Tablets had given Tetracycline and Chloroquine. This research use 12 male rabbits were classified into 4 groups. The first group is chloroquine, the second group is Tetracycline, the third group are chloroquine and Tetracycline, and the fourth are chloroquine –Tetracycline plus Curcuma Extract Tablets. Each of them was measured by SGPT measurement for 3 times. Before the treatment, the first week and the second week after the treatment. Statistical analysis was involved by One-way ANOVA Descriptives Analyzing Data. The result indicated that Curcuma Extract Tablets gift with hepatotoxic medicines could inhibited the elevate of SGPT levels. Key words : Hepatoprotector, chloroquine, SGPT, Tetracycline

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Wuweizisu C and Analogs

Lignans are widely distributed in nature. The earliest recorded medicinal use of lignans dated back to over 1000 years ago. Lignan-rich plant products were also active ingredients in Chinese and Japanese folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases. The dried root and stem of this plant are listed in the Chinese pharmacopoeia for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, gastric, duodenal ulcers and many other diseases. This review highlights synthetic strategies for the Wuweizisu C analogs and the important pharmacological activities as well as therapeutic findings related to the treatment of HBV and other diseases. Notably a significant and ongoing project on Wuweizisu C and its analogs has led to the discovery and development of two potent derivatives alpha-DDB and BICYCLOL which are currently in clinical trials against HBV, especially in lowering elevated SGPT levels. Further design, synthesis, and evaluation of Wuweizisu C analogs are discussed.

Antileishmanial effect of cisplatin against murine visceral leishmaniasis

Drug development in visceral leishmaniasis is extremely vital as the existing therapeutic modalities are plagued by the unwanted twosome of toxicity and drug resistance. Antineoplastic drugs have in the past been effective against the parasitic infections, for example, miltefosine. Cisplatin is a first-generation platinum-containing drug, used in the treatment of various solid tumors. Its in vitro antileishmanial effect has already been demonstrated. In the present study, the leishmanicidal potential of two doses (0.5 mg/kg body weight and 1 mg/kg body weight) of the drug was studied in BALB/c mice. The antileishmanial effect of the drug was revealed by significant reduction in the parasite burden. The infected and treated animals were also found to exhibit increased DTH responses. An initial transient and reversible increase in levels of SGOT, SGPT, BUN, blood urea, creatinine and phosphorus was observed in infected animals treated with both doses of the drug. The reduction in parasite load, increase in DTH response and various biochemical parameters were more pronounced in animals treated with 1 mg/kg body weight of cisplatin as compared to those treated with 0.5 mg/kg body weight of the drug. Though some histopathological changes were observed in the kidneys of animals treated with 1 mg/kg body weight of cisplatin, no such change was observed in mice treated with the lower dose. Thus, we have for the first time characterized the in vivo effect of cisplatin in murine experimental visceral leishmaniasis.

The influence of noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) extract toward the level of SGOT and SGPT enzymes on white mice induced by carbon tetrachloride

Surya DH, Mariyah Y, Tahono. 2009. The influence of noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) extract toward the level of SGOT and SGPT enzymes on white mice induced by carbon tetrachloride. Biofarmasi 7: 87-93. Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) is a wellknown crop in the society. It is determined for its contents including proxeronine and some antioxidants, i.e. ascorbic acid and beta-carotene that function to maintain and improve cell function. This research used hepatic cells considering the vital function of the hepatic organ in the body. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of noni fruit extract to reduce hepatic cells damage induced by CCl4. This research was included into laboratory experimental research and used a completely randomized design. The samples consisted of 25 male white mice (Mus musculus) type Swiss Webster with the age between 3-4 months and the weight between 20-30 grams, and divided into 5 groups. The first group was the CCl4 control group, in which white mice were given toxic dosage of CCl4 11 mg/20 g BW without noni fruit extract treatment. The second group consisted of white mice given by noni fruit extract in dosage of 0.56 g/20 g BW for 8 days, and in 8th day they were given by a toxic dosage of CCl4 11 mg/20 g BW. The third group consisted of white mice given by noni fruit extract in dosage of 1.12 g/20 g BW for 8 days, and in 8th day they were given by a toxic dosage of CCl4 11 mg/20 g BW. The fourth group consisted of white mice given by noni fruit extract in dosage of 2.24 g/20 g BW for 8 days and in 8th day they were given by a toxic dosage of CCl4 11 mg/20 g BW. The fifth group consisted of white mice given only water and daily food for 8 days. Blood samples from all white mice were taken after 24 hours to determine the level of SGOT and SGPT enzymes. The results were analyzed by using One-Way Anova statistical test, which continued with Post Hoc Test and Tukey Test. The result of research showed that noni fruit extract in dosage of 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 g/20 g BW given per oral could reduce SGOT level in 214.48±48.804 U/I, 151.16±22.811 U/I, and 169.62±44.891 U/l, respectively, compared with a positive control of CCl4 that was 296.62±59.254 U/I. Meanwhile, SGPT level became 55.42±4.292, 54.34±6.896, 58.58±8.210 U/I, compared with a positive control of CCl4 that was 83.96±2.931 U/I.

Attenuation of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Cow Urine Distillate in Rats

To study the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatoprotective activity in cow urine. Effect of cow urine distillate on liver function was studied in vivo in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Hepatotoxicity was induced by a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of CCl4 in olive oil (5 mL/kg i.p). Protective effect of cow urine distillate (in three dose levels) and standard drug Silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o) on liver function were studied in intoxicated rats. Parameters in the study included liver function tests and histological observations. The cow urine distillate decreased the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, and total bilirubin in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05) as sylimarin. The observed protective effects of cow urine distillate on liver function might be due to the presence of antioxidants in cow urine.

ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT HEALTH HAZARDS IN PAINTING INDUSTRY

Introduction: Painters are among the highly and chronically exposed occupational groups either in industrial or commercial field. The health effects of organic solvents have been known for more than a century either from occupational exposure or from organic solvent abuse. Long term heavy solvent exposure is hazardous to the nervous system, hepatic, renal, blood and other body systems. Aim of the study: to assess the different health hazards encountered in the paintingindustry with special reference to the effects of organic solvents and toluene as the major solvents used and to assess the effectiveness of urinary orthocresol as a biological indicator of exposure.Subjects and Methods: The studied population comprised 68 individuals divided into exposed and control groups. The workers were all males with age ranging from 31 to 55 years with a mean value of (40.74 ±1.63). The duration of exposure ranged from 9 to 30 years. The age of the control group ranged from 30- 58 years with a mean of (48.33+1.85). All workers were interviewed with a detailed questionnaire about presence of neuropsychological, respiratory, renal, hepatic and hematological symptoms.Detailed personal, medical and occupational history were included. Thorough physical examination was done. Complete blood picture, liver function tests, kidney function tests, serum electrolytes, ventilatory function tests , urinary o-cresol level and urine analysis were also done. Results: Liver fnction tests showed no statistically significant difference between the exposed workers and the control groups. In correlation with duration of exposure statistically significant difference was found between exposed workers as regards SGPT level. Complete blood picture results showed normal levels with no difference between exposed and controls; but some parameters decreased with increased duration of exposure.Urinary o-cresol level showed a statistically significant difference between exposed workers and control group (p-value 0.000). Ventilatory functions of the studied groups showed that exposed workers had lower values of all parameters measured. Conclusion: The results strengthen the relationship between the different health hazards encountered in painting industry and the duration of exposure. Hematological, immunological and cardiovascular effects are further suggested and should be tested thoroughly in future studies.

Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effect of Begonia malabarica Lam. in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Aim of the studyThe stem of Begonia malabarica was used traditionally by the Malasar tribe to treat diabetes. To validate the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts obtained from an ethnomedicinal plant, Begonia malabarica. Materials and methodsThe doses for the study were fixed based on Irwin test. The hypoglycemic effect of hexane, ethylacetate and methanol extracts of Begonia malabarica stems were studied in normal animals. The antihyperglycemic effect of the methanol extract was studied in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. ResultsIn normal rats the treatment with the methanol extract of Begonia malabarica had shown a highly significant reduction (16.54 and 34.47%) in plasma glucose levels from the 0h values at the dose of 100 and 200mg/kg respectively. In streptozotocin induced diabetic rats the body weight of the Begonia malabarica methanol extract treated animals had shown a significant increase (13.38% at 200mg/kg) after 4 weeks treatment. The plasma glucose levels were reduced significantly by 46.57 and 50.20% after 4 weeks treatment at 100 and 200mg/kg respectively. Likewise the absolute kidney weight was also reduced in a significant manner. After 25 days treatment the Begonia malabarica methanol extract treated animals had shown low fasting plasma glucose levels (54.29, 61.34% in 100 and 200mg/kg) and reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels (54.23, 65.96% in 100 and 200mg/kg) when compared with diabetic control values. Serum insulin levels and liver glycogen levels were increased to 40.04 and 42.18% in 200mg/kg Begonia malabarica methanol extract treated animals respectively. The treatment with Begonia malabarica methanol extract did not change the triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. The urea and creatinine levels were also reduced significantly by this treatment. The reduction in SGPT levels indicated the absence of toxicity of Begonia malabarica extract at this dose level. ConclusionThis study supports the use of Begonia malabarica by the Malasar tribe for the treatment of diabetes. Fractionation of this extract may yield novel prototypes to manage diabetes mellitus.

GC/MS analysis of an herbal dietary supplement containing ephedrine

An unconscious 20-year-old female was admitted to hospital with a heart rate of 164, a blood pressure of 132/90 mmHg, and hypokalemia. “Triage” urine screening tests were negative on arrival and 12 h later. The next day, her SGOT and SGPT levels rose remarkably; however, on the third day, the patient regained consciousness. Two Japanese OTC drugs and an American herbal dietary supplement (“7th heaven”) were found in her room. The supplement and the patient’s samples were analyzed using GC/MS. Ephedrine (2.32 mg/g) and caffeine (17.96 mg/g) were detected in the supplement and in the patient’s serum (0.627 mg/L, 383 mg/L, respectively), as well as acetaminophen, bromvalerylurea, and etenzamide, which are constituents of the OTC drugs. The serum ephedrine concentration was above the therapeutic level but did not reach the fatal level. The acetaminophen concentration was sufficient to cause liver damage. Although a prescription is necessary to obtain products containing ephedrine in Japan, this patient had no prescription. Thus, how the patient obtained the drug and the amount ingested were unclear. Information about acquisition of drugs via the Internet or magazine advertisements is constantly changing and unreliable. Thus, it is indispensable to analyze unfamiliar supplements found with patients.

Biochemical and Haematological Evaluation of Different Potencies of Homoeopathic Drug Ricinus Communis

Although the seeds and / or oil of R.communis have been reported to be highly toxic, these seeds are being used in nursing women to increase the flow of milk. There is therefore a need to generate data on the biochemical and haematological profiles. Four potencies (3x, 6x, 12x and 30x) of this drug were administered orally in daily doses of 0.1 ml, 0.2 ml and 0.5 ml/rat for 14 days. The biochemical and haematological profiles of animals were studied on 21st and on 28th day during post -treatment period. Preliminary studies carried out with 4 potencies of R. communis on biochemical ( serum glucose, serum cholesterol , serum triglycerides, serum total protein, serum albumin, serum urea and serum SGOT and serum SGPT levels) and on haemotological (haemoglobin, total R.B.C. and W.B.C and differential leucocytes counts) profiles showed variable effects of different potencies of R. communis but mostly within the normal range of healthy animals. Only one rat in 12x potency group showed spear/spindle shaped R.B.C. with very less haemoglobin content. Further study is needed to confirm the effect of 12x potency on haematological profiles. The effects of R. communis significantly reduced on body weights of rat while on while no apparent difference in behaviour of animals was observed during and 14 days post-treatment.

Assessment of lipid lowering effect ofSida rhomboidea.Roxbmethanolic extract in experimentally induced hyperlipidemia

This inventory scrutinizes the effect of methanolic extract of Sida rhomboidea.Roxb (SR) on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in male Charles foster rats. The changes in body weight, food and water intake, feed efÞ ciency ratio and whole weight of liver and epididymal fat pad were recorded in both control and experimental groups. In addition to the above parameters, the changes in plasma lipid proÞ le, hepatic lipid proÞ le, fecal total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) and activity levels of plasma SGOT and SGPT were also assessed in both control and experimental groups. Plasma TC, TG, low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and free fatty acids (FFA) levels were decreased along with signiÞ cantly increased plasma HDL levels. Hepatic TL, TC, TG were signiÞ cantly decreased in HL+SR400 group, whereas fecal TL, TC, TG, CA and DCA contents were higher after feeding SR to hyperlipidemic rats, probably due to reduced intestinal absorption and effective elimination of TC, TG and bile acids through feaces. The results obtained with methanolic extract of SR are in accordance with our previous study using crude extract. Hence, this study further adds to the existing information that the polar fraction of SR is equally potent as the crude extract. This report provides an ideal platform for the isolation, puriÞ cation and characterization of known bioactive/novel compounds present in the polar fraction of SR. Key words: Hypercholestremia, hypertriglyceridemia, Sida rhomboidea.Roxb.

Hyperbilirubinemia in normal healthy donors

The present study was carried out in B.A.R.C. Hospital Blood Bank over a span of five years, and includes 2734 donors. All the bags were screened for HIV, HBsAg, HCV and VDRL and the plasma in the pilot tubes of the blood bags was observed to detect any abnormality in color. In 27 cases plasma was found to be icteric and liver function tests were carried out on these samples. Two donors showed higher SGPT level, and were excluded. No significant increases in liver enzymes were recorded in the others. Causes of icteric plasma in these apparently healthy donors are discussed. Differential diagnosis includes Gilbert’s disease, hemolytic anemia, drug-induced anemia and other hepatic causes of hyperbilirubinemia, of which Gilbert’s disease is most probable cause with a prevalence of 0.91% in our population. As there are no studies to document the safety of the recipients receiving such abnormal colored plasma as well as to document the hazards in its transfusion, the question arises whether to transfuse such units or not. This study highlights this dilemma. A reassessment of existing policies and regulations is merited.

Protective effects of Coriandrum sativum extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Oxidative damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of various liver injuries. The study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Coriandrum sativum on CCl 4 treated oxidative stress in Wistar albino rats. CCl 4 injection induced oxidative stress by a significant rise in serum marker enzymes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) along with the reduction of antioxidant enzymes. In serum, the activities of enzymes like ALP, ACP and protein and bilirubin were evaluated. Pretreatment of rats with different doses of plant extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly lowered SGOT, SGPT and TBARS levels against CCl 4 treated rats. Hepatic enzymes like SOD, CAT, GPx were significantly increased by treatment with plant extract, against CCl 4 treated rats. Histopathological examinations showed extensive liver injuries, characterized by extensive hepatocellular degeneration/necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, and sinusoidal dilatation. Oral administration of the leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the toxic effects of CCl 4. The activity of leaf extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg was comparable to the standard drug, silymarin. Based on these results, it was observed that C. sativum extract protects liver from oxidative stress induced by CCl 4 and thus helps in evaluation of traditional claim on this plant.

Evaluation of antibody levels during simultaneous aflatoxicosis and vaccination against infectious laryngotracheitis in pullets

Chickens fed 200 ppb aflatoxin from 10 days of age were evaluated for their immune response to a modified live infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine. Vaccination was administered at age 4 and 12 weeks. Antibody titers to the vaccine were reduced in chickens given dietary aflatoxin. After 7 weeks, aflatoxin feeding was continued for one month in a treated group and was withdrawn in another. Serology indicated significant differences between the two treated groups relative to whether aflatoxin was fed or not. Significant reduction in body weights, antibody titers and elevated SGOT and SGPT levels were found in chickens treated with aflatoxin. The impact of aflatoxin on reduced body weight, decreased SGOT and SGPT levels and lower antibody titers was shown to be significant in the treated group fed on a ration of aflatoxin until throughout the experiment.