SGPT Levels Research Articles

Polyphenols rich Passiflora leschenaultii leaves modulating Farnesoid X Receptor and Pregnane X Receptor against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

The hepatoprotective effect of P. leschenaultii. (DC) leaves was investigated in rats under paracetamol induced oxidative stress. Leaf acetone extract (200 and 400mg/kg) were administered daily via gavage for 14days before paracetamol (2000mg/kg, p.o.) treatment. After the experiment, the levels of serum biochemical parameters and enzymatic antioxidant levels were determined. Furthermore, liver tissues were analyzed histopathologically. Additionally, the molecular docking studies of the identified compounds against PXR and FXR proteins were also performed. The assessment revealed that the acetone extract significantly reduced the elevated levels of SGPT, SGOT and ALP in serum. Moreover, the enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT and LPO were also retained normally by the plant extract. From histopathological analysis, it was clearly evident that the cellular architecture of plant extract treated rat liver tissues were not affected by the paracetamol induction at the higher dose. The results of docking studies also revealed that the identified compounds showed steric interactions (between nonpolar atoms) with amino acid groups. Collectively, the present study suggests that P. leschenaultii leaves extract protects the liver from paracetamol induced hepatic damage.

Antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of Arctium lappa root's hydro-alcoholic extract on nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced type 2 model of diabetes in male mice.

Arctium lappa (burdock), (A. lappa) root has hypoglycemic and antioxidative effects, and has been used for treatment of diabetes in tradition medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties of A. lappa root extract on nicotinamide-streptozotocin (NA-STZ)-induced type2 diabetes in mice. In this investigation, 70 adult male NMRI mice (30-35g) randomly divided into 7 groups (n=10) as follow: 1-control, 2-type 2 diabetic mice, 3-diabetic mice that received glibenclamide (0.25 mg/kg) as an anti-diabetic drug, 4, 5, 6 and 7- diabetic and normal animals that were pre-treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg A. lappa root extract, respectively, for 28 days. Diabetes has been induced by intraperitoneal injection of NA and STZ. Finally, the blood sample was taken and insulin, glucose, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, leptin and lipid levels was evaluated. Induction of diabetes decreased the level of insulin, leptin and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased the level of other lipids, glucose, and hepatic enzymes significantly (p<0.05). Administration of both doses of the extract significantly decreased the level of triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein, glucose and alkaline phosphatase in diabetic mice (p<0.05). Insulin levels increased in animals treated with 200 mg/kg (p<0.05) and HDL and leptin levels increased in animals treated with 300 mg/kg of the extract (p<0.01). The results showed that A. lappa root extract, at specific doses, has an anti-diabetic effect through its hypolipidemic and insulinotropic properties. Hence, this plant extract may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes.

Clinical appraisal of Lodhradi Kashaya on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;Lodhradi Kashaya (LKSD) is basically ayurvedic kwath dosage form, described as Madhumehajeet (winner of diabetes mellitus) in ayurvedic classics Basavarajeeyam and the same formulation in Vaidya Chintamani and Charaka Samhita too. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the drug’s ability in management of type 2 diabetes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;Total 31 patients were taken following the guideline mention in CCRAS protocol for diabetes mellitus research. They are divided into two groups, group A and B, given LKSD 4 g &amp;amp; 2 g TDS respectively for three-month follow up. They are investigated against their blood glucose, HbA1C and liver profile tests. Patients were also investigated for subjective parameters viz polyurea, polyphagia, exhaustion and constipation and their response has also been noted regarding palatability acceptance and ease of administration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span lang="EN-IN"&gt;Patients has responded positively for formulation. Decrease in FBS and PPBS were found highly significant (P ˂ 0.001) in both groups but more in higher dose (group A). Decrease in HbA1C is also found highly significant in both groups. In LFT, SGOT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant (P = 0.017 and 0.002). SGPT level were also decreased more in group B in comparison to group A, and it is significant in group B (P= 0.085 and 0.002). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; LKSD is having astringent taste due to tannins and phenols in it. It was found significant not only in controlling blood sugar but also in management of other factors related to diabetes mellitus.&lt;/p&gt;

Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves against 2-acetylaminofluorene induced hepatic damage in male Wistar rats

BackgroundLawsonia inermis (Lythraceae) is an ethnomedicinal plant, traditionally known for curing several ailments such as skin diseases, bacterial infections, jaundice, renal lithiases and inflammation etc. The present work deals with assessment of in vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective potential of butanolic fraction (But-LI) of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves.MethodsAntioxidant activity was evaluated using deoxyribose degradation, lipid peroxidation inhibition and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. In vivo protective potential of But-LI was assessed at 3 doses [100, 200 & 400 mg/kg body weight (bw)] against 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) induced hepatic damage in male Wistar rats.ResultsBut-LI effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals in deoxyribose degradation assay (IC50 149.12 μg/ml). Fraction also inhibited lipid peroxidation and demonstrated appreciable reducing potential in FRAP assay. Treatment of animals with 2-AAF resulted in increased hepatic parameters such as SGOT (2.22 fold), SGPT (1.72 fold), ALP (5.68 fold) and lipid peroxidation (2.94 fold). Different concentration of But-LI demonstrated pronounced protective effects via decreasing levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP and lipid peroxidation altered by 2-AAF treatment. But-LI administration also restored the normal liver architecture as evident from histopathological studies.ConclusionsThe present experimental findings revealed that phytoconstituents of Lawsonia inermis L. possess potential to effectively protect rats from the 2-AAF induced hepatic damage in vivo possibly by inhibition of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation.

Cemaran Timah Hitam dalam Darah Sapi Bali yang Dipelihara di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Kota Denpasar (BLOOD LEAD CONTAMINATION IN BALI CATTLE REARED IN THE AREA OF FINAL DISPOSAL OF DENPASAR)

Bali cattle are known for having high adaptability to any environmental condition and have proven tosurvive in critical environments including landfills. The aim of this study was to determine the relationshipbetween Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase /Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGPT/SGOT) levels and lead (Pb) level in blood of bali cattle reared in the landfill Denpasar. A total of 22Balicattle were used in this study was. The blood was drawn from the jugular vein and 10 ml blood werecollected using tubes containing EDTA 0.5% and 10 mL without EDTA tubes. Levels of SGPT and SGOTwere measured by using Auto analyzer (Refloton (R) plus) method, while the measurement of Pb in bloodplasma was conducted by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Result of the SGPTand SGOT measurement obtained were relatively varied with an average of SGPT = 29.96±5.67 U/L andSGOT = 78.82±17.62.U/L. Similarly, Pb measurement results vary widely between 4.004 to 10.216 withan average of 6.595±1.85 ppm. Correlation analysis showed that there was an association between SGOTwith Pb levels. However, no correlation was observed between the SGPT with Pblevels. These resultsindicate that the levels of lead may cause pathological tissue cells in organs other than liver. Its concludedthat heavy metalPb is found in the blood of bali cattle reared in Denpasar city landfill, and it may becorrelated with the level of the SGOT and may cause pathological tissue cells organs.

Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic and Antibacterial Activity of Ficus racemosa Fruit Extract

Background: Ficus racemosa, popularly known as the fig or cluster fig, is a traditional plant in the Moraceae family with various ethnomedical uses. However, the information of medicinal values of Bangladeshi grown Ficus racemosa fruit extracts using different solvent systems is still lacking in the literature. Therefore, the present study was carried out to enrich the information of the medicinal property of Ficus racemosa fruit extract in terms of hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antibacterial activity. Methods: Methanol, ethanol, chloroform, n-hexane and petroleum ether solvents were used to obtain five different types of mature Ficus racemosa fruit extract by Soxhlet extraction process. Antibacterial activity of each extract was determined by disc diffusion method whereas ethanol extract was tested to evaluate its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity by using alloxan-induced diabetic mice model. Results: At the end of 21 days of treatment, ethanol extract decreased the blood glucose level of diabetic mice by approximately 41% and 50% at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively, whereas at the same doses total cholesterol levels were decreased by approximately 16% and 17%, LDL reduced by 28% and 29%, HDL increased by 41% and 67% compared to the diabetic control group. The levels of SGPT, SGOT and CRP were also significantly (P<0.05 to P<0.001) reduced by administration of same doses of ethanol extract. At a concentration of 600 µg/disc, strong antibacterial activity was displayed by methanol, ethanol and petroleum ether extract against most of the tested bacteria with the zone of inhibition of 13 to 17 mm. Conclusion: The present study revealed strong anti-diabetic and antibacterial activity of the fig extract and therefore suggested that this fruit may play a potential role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and various bacterial infections.

THE EFFECT OF CIPLUKAN (Physalis angulata L.) FRUIT EXTRACT ON SGPT AND SGOT LEVELS AGAINST WHITE MALE MICE (Mus musculus) HYPERGLYCEMIA INDUCED BY ALLOXAN AS BIOLOGY LEARNING RESOURCES

Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) used by the community as an antidiabetic drug. Antidiabetic effects caused ciplukan fruit of this plant contain chemicals flavonoids with the percentage of fruit extract 300 mg / ml was 84%. Flavonoids are antioxidant compounds one that works a treat or neutralize free radicals that are expected with the administration of these antioxidants can be inhibited damage to body cells and can prevent damage to the body and the onset of degenerative diseases. This type of research is True Experimental Research. The research design using The Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The research design used completely randomized design (CRD). This research data is data SGPT and SGOT levels. Analysis of data using one-way analysis of variance at significance level of 0.05 and Duncan 5%. The results showed that different doses of fruit extract ciplukan effect on SGPT and SGOT levels of mice. Duncan test showed that the treatment dose ciplukan fruit extract is the most effective dose of 2 ml / kg. The research results can be used by teachers as information of an alternative to utilize medical plants of hyperglicemia and antiocsidant on Biology subject for X Grade of Senior High School, especially on the concept Maintenance and Utilizing of Biological Diversity in Core Competence 4.

Protective effect of Tritone (Livosone) on oxidative DNA damage and its hepatoprotective potential against various hepatotoxic agent in wistar rats

AimTo evaluate antioxidant activity, DNA damage inhibition and hepatoprotecitve potential of polyherbal formulation Tritone (Livosone). MethodsIn vitro antioxidant activity of Tritone formulation was performed by using DPPH assay. Hepatoprotecitve potential of Tritone was evaluated against various hepatotoxic agents including Paracetamol (2g/kg b. wt p.o. single dose on 15th day), Galactosamine (400mg/kg b. wt. i.p. single dose on 8th day) and Alcohol (30% p.o.1ml/100g of rat for 15days). Tritone formulation at the doses of (40.5, 81 and 162mg/kg) and standard silymarin (100mg/kg) and Liv52 (270mg/kg) were administered p.o. The hepatoprotective assessment was done by estimating biochemical parameters: SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin total protein and ChE levels. Additionally histopathological and DNA fragmentation study of Tritone was also performed. ResultAdministration of hepatotoxins (paracetamol, D-GaiN and alcohol) in experimental animals showed significant biochemical, histological deterioration and DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment with Tritone (Livosone) shows significant reduction in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP and total bilirubin levels and shows significant elevation in total protein and cholinesterase (ChE) levels compared to groups treated with hepatotoxic agents. Histopathological observations of rat liver pretreated with Tritone (Livosone) shows significant protection against hepatic damage. Inhibition of DNA fragmentation by Tritone indicates protective effect of formulation on liver at molecular level. Finally all the results were compared with standard drugs Silymarin and Liv52. ConclusionCorrelation of antioxidant activity, biochemical results, histopathological changes and inhibition of DNA damage after treatment with Tritone shows maximum hepatoprotective potential at dose 81mg/kg and 162mg/kg.

Antihyperlipidemic effect of Stevia rebaudiana on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

Stevia rebaudiana is one of the main constituent of various herbal formulations available for diabetes. The present study was aimed at assessing the antihyperlipidemic (Total cholesterol and triglycerides) effect of the aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The powdered leaf was successfully extracted with water using maceration process. The wistar strains of male albino rats were used for the present study. The aqueous extract of Stevia Rebaudiana was administered intraperitoneally injection as a dose of 60mg/kg body weight to alloxan induced diabetic rats and it was found to reduce blood lipid level significantly (p<0.05). The plant extraction also exhibit correction of altered biochemical parameters like SGOT and SGPT levels in diabetic rats. The study concluded that Stevia Rebaudiana possess hypolipidemic effect in experimental diabetic rats.

The Effect of Fermented Wheat Germ Extract on Biochemical, Physiological and Performance Parameters of Broiler Chickens

Fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE) is a multisubstance composition contains 2-methoxy benzoquinone and 2, 6-dimethoxy benzoquinone which are likely to exert some of its biological effects as well as it is a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, and protein. An experimental trial of FWGE supplementation to broiler feed from one day old with a rate of 0.5, 1.5 and 3 g/kg feed was tried. Results revealed that all doses of FWGE increased body weight significantly (p≤0.05), especially with the dose of 3 g/kg feed. Also, FCR values decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in the FWGE treated groups. Regarding biochemical analysis at 35 days old, the most significant results obtained with the doses of 1.5 and 3 g FWGE/kg feed especially in SGOT, SGPT, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, glucose, and triglycerides levels. Physiologically, FWGE only increased hemoglobin concentration significantly (p≤0.05) without alteration of red blood and white blood cells counts. There was also a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the intestinal weight in relation to carcass weight% and a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the liver and total body fat weights in relation to carcass weight%. At 45 days (10 days after vNDV challenge), the mortality rates were 60% in the non-treated non-vaccinated challenged chicken group 5 and 4% in the non-treated vaccinated challenged chicken group 4 without appearance of any mortality in the 3 FWGE treated groups. Also, addition of FWGE had a positive effect on HI titers for NDV in the collected serum samples at 45 days old.

Estimation of Postmortem Interval in Early Postmortem Period Using Serum Enzymes and its Correlation with Rigor Mortis and Postmortem Lividity

Determination of reasonably accurate time since death has a bearing on the issues of ‘alibi’ and ‘opportunity’. Post mortem interval is a critical step in most homicide or un-witnessed death investigations and remains one of the most challenging variables to establish. The present prospective study was designed to estimate time since death from postmortem serum enzyme levels and its correlation with rigor mortis and postmortem lividity. The sample group consisted of 127 cadavers from whom venous blood sample was collected at 6 hourly intervals and analyzed for SGOT, SGPT and Acid Phosphatase levels. The serum enzyme levels in individuals dying of different mechanisms were compared and a regression equation was derived to estimate time since death. From the equations derived, it was concluded that serum enzyme values can be a good indicator for determination of postmortem interval than that of routine parameters like rigor mortis and postmortem lividity.

Serum Ferritin: A Backstage Weapon in Diagnosis of Dengue Fever.

Aims This retrospective study evaluates ferritin as a surrogate marker for dengue infection (NS1 and IgM negative stage) as opposed to other febrile illnesses of infective or inflammatory etiology (OFI). Methodology Data of all patients admitted to medical ward and medical ITU during the dengue outbreak were collected. Patients admitted between 5 and 10 days of febrile illness without a diagnosis were included. Patients with NS1 positivity (Days 2–8) and/or positive IgM for dengue (Days 6–10) were considered to be dengue cases and those with other confirmed diagnoses were considered in the OFI group. Ferritin, CRP, TC of WBC, platelet count, SGOT, SGPT, and albumin levels were analysed for both groups. Results We examined 30 cases of clinically and serologically confirmed dengue fever and 22 cases of OFI. Ferritin level in dengue cohort was significantly higher than the OFI group (p < 0.0001). The best cut-off for ferritin level to differentiate dengue from OFI was found to be 1291. The sensitivity at this cut-off is 82.6% and the specificity at this cut-off is 100%. Conclusion Ferritin may serve as a significant marker for differentiating between dengue fever and OFI, in absence of a positive NS1 antigen or a positive IgM antibody for dengue.

An Association Study of the COMT and GABA Gene Variants with Alcohol Dependence

Alcohol dependence (AD), associated with high mortality and morbidity is caused due to involvement of both environmental and genetic factors. Behavioral effects of alcohol including cognitive impairment, motor incoordination, tolerance and dependence are likely due to its effect on the multiple brain proteins including neurotransmitters. Dysfunction in these neurotransmitter systems may be at the level of enzymes involved in metabolic degradation, or receptors involved in neurotransmission like dopamine, Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), serotonin etc. Genetic polymorphisms in these neurotransmitter systems are implicated in conferring susceptibility to AD. Aim: To identify association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in COMT (rs4680 and rs2075507) and GABAA receptor genes (rs13172914 and rs211014) with AD. Method: A total of 100 AD patients diagnosed on the basis of DSM IV criteria from the outpatient clinic of the National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC) of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), and 100 healthy individuals from the general population were recruited. A detailed history including pattern of drug use and demographic details with pedigree information was noted. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples was processed for PCR amplification followed by restriction digestion to screen for the presence of polymorphisms. Genotype and allele frequencies were evaluated and correlated with alcohol use parameters including duration of alcohol use, age at onset of alcohol use, quantity of alcohol consumed (gms/day) and WHO ASSIST score and levels of liver function enzymes (SGPT and SGOT). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v21.0. Results: Genetic analysis of the study group revealed COMT rs4680 to be significantly associated with AD (p=0.03), while the other COMT SNP rs2075507 showed an association with increased levels of SGPT in the patients. GABAA receptor gene polymorphisms showed no association with AD. Conclusion: The study suggests a role of COMT gene polymorphism rs4680 in conferring susceptibility to AD.

Study The Effect of Fruit Juice Extract Helianthus Tuberosus on Liver Function and as Antibacterial Agent

The Helianthus tuberosus , it is one of the important Tuberous plants . at present time Where this plant was used in the study , Precisely the juice fruit of Helianthus tuberosus , as were used widely in promoting immune system , stimulate blood circulation, controlling cholesterol , blood pressure, diabetes, muscle , preservation of food , Antibacterial , the Beautify skin and Biofuels. This study conducted on juice fruit Helianthus tuberous . it taken from different areas in Baghdad / Iraq . after Buy them from the local market , washed, dried and squeeze . this study aimed to identify the chemical compounds and trace elements in the Helianthus tuberosus juice using tests chemical differents , usage a measurement technique (GC-MS) ,and the FTIR spectrum. and their impact on the liver function of domestic birds and species of microorganisms , The study is giving that the juice of the fruit Helianthus Tuberosus is Acidic nature and near from the value acidic for water , The study showed that the extract contains a group of carbohydrate compounds, phenol compounds, tannins , resins, flavonoids, alkaloids, turbines, unsaturated fatty acids, polymers. and the Inulin compound. The Study showed the ability of juice Helianthus Tuberosus in concentration of 15%, increasing stimulate of SGPT levels and SGOT in serum (p <0.01), while the levels of ALP, LDL, TG were decreased (p <0.05), The study shows extracting of phenolic compounds in fruit juice Helianthus Tuberousus when TLC and HPLC used a mixture (water, chloroform , acetic acid) and by (3: 6: 1) . This mixture had effect on multi pigment (gram pigments) . The effect was more in Gram positive bacteria (Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium), but its effect was less in Gram negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis). lastly the study giving , through the quantitative estimate of the chemical elements of the juice of the Helianthus Tuberosus fruit , contained some important minerals of different concentrations with a capacity of (ppm).the presence of these elements led to increased enzymatic effectiveness through increased support for building bone tissue and the process of activating enzymes transfer of oxygen in the blood and increase the flow of all metabolic processes in the body and that these jobs will give an over view of the work and effectiveness of the nature activity of some organs of our body.

Antihyperglycemic and anti-oxidant activity of various fraction of &lt;i&gt;Parmotrema hababianum&lt;/i&gt; in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;The core objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-oxidant and antihyperglycemic effect of the ethanol extract of &lt;em&gt;Parmotrema &lt;/em&gt;hababianum in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats for 42 days. The extract showed nearly all anti-oxidant activities with maximum presence. The treatment with extract in diabetic rats at the dosage level of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which is compared with diabetic control and glibenclamide at a dosage level of 4 mg/kg and the biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, insulin, total protein, urea and creatinine were assessed. The extract showed positive correlation (p&amp;lt;0.001) in reducing blood glucose level as compared to the control. Moreover, there was a significant (p&amp;lt;0.01) decrease in TC, TG, LDL, SGPT, SGOT, urea and creatinine level and significant (p&amp;lt;0.01) increase in HDL and insulin level. Thus, the results of this study show considerable efficacy in curing diabetes with potent anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Video Clip of&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;&lt;a href="https://youtube.com/v/Lw2vvLpKNTE"&gt;Methodology&lt;/a&gt;: 6 min 12 sec&lt;/p&gt;

KADAR SERUM GLUTAMATE PIRUVAT TRANSAMINASE PECANDU MINUMAN KERAS DI BANJAR AMBENGAN DESA SAYAN UBUD GIANYAR

Background Banjar Ambengan is one banjar contained in Sayan village, where people still have the habit of gathering accompanied by excessive alcohol consumption. Consumption of alcohol has a direct relationship with the death cases caused by liver sirosis. The liver mechanism disturbance leads to the case of swelling as the result of the rise of serum glutamate piruvat transminase (SPGT) enzyme.&#x0D; Objective This study is aimed at investigating the SPGT level of the serum of the alcoholic. The study uses the non-probability sampling technique called snowball sampling. The samples of this study are thirty alcoholic men aging upper eighteen. The respondents will be interviewed to get the deeper information. The research reveals that 6 respondents have high SPGT level (20%) and 24 of them have normal SPGT level (80%). &#x0D; Result of the examination serum SGPT levels alcoholics in the study ranged from 11 to 79.20 U / L. The measurement results SGPT levels are high on the research respondents based on the characteristics of age at most 33.3%, based on the frequency of consumption of at most 33.3%, based on the period of consumption at most 50%, based on the volume of consumption at most 66.7%, based on the type of liquor consumed at most 66.7%, and based on the type of work at most 50%.&#x0D; Conclusion &#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Liquor, Liver, Addict, SGPT Levels

Effects of Urtica dioica supplementation on blood lipids, hepatic enzymes and nitric oxide levels in type 2 diabetic patients: A double blind, randomized clinical trial.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications including metabolic abnormality-induced diabetic micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications. Urtica dioica L. (U. dioica) has been traditionally used in Iranian medicine as an herbal remedy for hypoglycemic or due to its anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of U. dioica on blood lipids, hepatic enzymes and nitric oxide levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. 50 women with type 2 diabetes participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups namely, control and intervention groups. Control group received placebo and intervention group received hydro-alcoholic extract of U. dioica. Before and after 8 weeks of continuous treatment, some biochemical serum levels including FPG, TG, SGPT, SGOT, HDL, LDL, SOD and NO were measured. The results indicated that after 8 weeks, in the intervention group, FPG, TG, and SGPT levels significantly decreased and HDL, NO and SOD levels significantly increased as compared to the control group. Our results encourage the use of hydro-alcoholic extract of U. dioica as an antioxidant agent for additional therapy of diabetes as hydro-alcoholic extract of U. dioica may decrease risk factors of cardiovascular incidence and other complications in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Effect of feeding broiler chickens with diets containing Alchornea cordifolia leaf meal and enzyme supplementation

This study sought to evaluate the effect of Alchornea cordifolia leaf meal (ACLM) inclusion and exogenous enzyme supplementation on broiler chickens. Two hundred and fifty-two (252) arbour acre two weeks-old broiler chicken were selected from a larger flock that had been brooded on deep litter and raised on commercial diet. These birds were balanced for weight and thereafter distributed into 18 pens of 14 birds each. These pens were randomly allotted to six dietary treatment groups in such way that 3 replicates were fed on each experimental diet. For the starter and finisher phase, six experimental diets were formulated and designated as 0-E, 5-E and 10-E for the diets without enzyme and 0+E, 5+E and 10+E for diets with enzyme. Diet 0-E and 0+E serve as positive and negative control respectively. The experiment was carried out using a 2x3 factorial experiment comprising of 2 enzyme levels (0 and 0.35 g/kg) and 3 ACLM inclusion levels (0, 5 and 10%).The final weight (FW) and weight gain (WG) were significantly affected by enzyme supplementation (p 0.05) by the main factors and their interactions except for the liver and proventriculus that were affected by the level of inclusion of ACLM. Red blood cells (RBC) significantly increased (p<0.05) while mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), mean cell volume (MCV) and monocytes significantly (p<0.05) decreased with an increase in the level of ACLM inclusion ranging from 0 to 10%. Enzyme supplementation caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in cholesterol and SGPT levels and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in SGOT. ACLM also significantly (p<0.05) affected the serum parameters considered, except for total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine, bilirubin and SGPT in a way in which the increase of the ACLM level ranging from 0 to 5% and then to 10 % in the broiler’s diets promoted the declination in the cholesterol, urea, SGOT and glucose levels. Furthermore, the interaction of enzyme levels and ACLM has a significant (p<0.05) effect on cholesterol and SGPT levels. Basing on the data obtained in this study, ACLM is a potential useful feed material for feeding monogastrics. Therefore, it is suggested that 10% ACLM inclusion level could be used in broiler production.

Hepatoprotective Role of AV/LCP/18 In CCl4 Induced FLKS Syndrome in Commercial Broilerst

A total of 75 day old broiler chicks were divided into three equal groups. Group A served as negative control. Group B (positive control) and C (treatment group) were intoxicated with oral administration of CCl4 @ 1 ml/kg body weight after every 3rd day during 15-28 days of age. Group C was given AV/LCP/18 @ 0.10 ml / chick / day in drinking water during 29th-42nd day of age. At the end of experiment, significantly (P is less than 0.01) higher mean body weight and lower FCR was observed in treatment group C as compared to positive control group B. Similarly, significantly (P is less than 0.05) decreased levels of SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and higher mean values of serum protein profile along with mild degenerative changes in liver and kidney of broilers in group C were observed as compared to group B indicating therapeutic efficacy of AV/LCP/18 in ameliorating the toxic effects or FLKS induced by CCl4 in commercial broilers

Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes transcripts patterns of graphene in mice

Recent studies showed that a large amount of graphene oxide accumulated in kidney and liver when it injected intravenously. Evaluation of lethal and apoptosis gene expression in these tissues, which are under stress is very important. In this paper the in vivo dose-dependent effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets on kidney and liver of mice were studied. Balb/C mice were treated by 20mg/kg body weight of nanoplatelets. Molecular biology analysis showed that graphene nanoplatelets injected intravenously lead to overexpression of BAX gene in both kidney and liver tissues (P≥0.01). In addition these nanoparticles significantly increase BCL2 gene expression in both kidney and liver tissues (P≥0.05). Graphene significantly increase level of SGPT in groups 1 (220.64±13), 2 (164.44±9.3) in comparison to control group (P≤0.05). Also in comparison with control group (148.11±10.4), (P≤0.05), the level of SGOT in groups 1(182.01±12.6) and 2 (178.2±2.2) significantly increased.