Levels Of Resilience Research Articles

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СТРЕССОУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ У СТУДЕНТОВ

Life is never perfect. No matter how much we might wish for everything to go smoothly, difficulties are inevitable, and we all have to deal with them. Resilience theory asserts that what matters most is not the nature of adversities but how we cope with them. When we face hardships, misfortunes, or disappointments, resilience helps us recover. It aids in our survival, recovery, and even thriving in the face of and after misfortunes, but that's not all. Read on to learn more about the theory of resilience, including its connection with shame, organizations, and much more. The article explores approaches to understanding stress resilience, as well as scientific studies dedicated to examining the factors that affect the level of stress resilience. The purpose of the study is a theoretical analysis of scientific works focused on the issue of developing stress resilience among students. Publications in scientific journals covering the research topic in the collection The Newman In Foreign Policy June 2022 were used as the research material. Common theoretical methods were used to achieve the research goal. Results and their discussion. A logical structure of the section writing is established. The main factors influencing the formation of students' stress resilience and research methods are presented. Conclusions: 3 main views of the article's author on what affects the formation of stress resilience and the emotional stability of a student.

Psychological resilience and its relationship to positive confrontation among educational counselors

The aim of the research is to identify psychological resilience and positive coping among educational counselors, the significance of the differences in psychological resilience and positive coping among educational counselors according to the gender variable (male/female), and the relationship between psychological resilience and positive coping among educational counselors. To achieve the research objectives, two tools were built, the first to measure psychological resilience, and the second to measure positive confrontation. Both tools were applied to the research sample of (200) Mentor and mentor. After statistical treatments based on the statistical package (SPSS) to analyze the research data, the results indicated the following: *- Educational counselors have a good level of psychological resilience and enjoy positive confrontation. *- There are no statistically significant differences according to the variable (gender) in psychological resilience and positive confrontation. *- There is a positive correlation between psychological resilience and positive confrontation. In the context of these results, the researcher came up with a number of recommendations and proposals.

Resilience and Adversities: The Case of HEI Faculty and Students

The goal of this study was to look into the Higher Education Institution’s (HEI) faculty and students’ resilience and adversity amidst challenges in life. A descriptive correlational research design was employed in this study, with data drawn from the faculty respondents having a normal level of resilience while the students have low resilience in facing adversities. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between gender, age, and marital status with the resilience level of the faculty. However, there is a negative correlation with gender and marital status to the level of students’ resilience. Thus, it is recommended to have interventions on some factors such as promoting the well-being of the graduate faculty and students, internet connectivity problems, and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) literacy in using the new learning modality.

Differential Evaluation of Ecological Resilience in 45 Cities along the Yangtze River in China: A New Multidimensional Analysis Framework

The rapid pace of urbanization and global climate change necessitates a thorough assessment of urban ecological resilience to cultivate sustainable regional ecosystem development. Cities along the Yangtze River face an intensifying conflict between ecological preservation and socio-economic growth. Analyzing the ecological resilience of these urban centers is essential for achieving equilibrium in regional urban ecosystems. This study proposes a “system process space” attribute analysis framework, taking into account urban development processes, ecosystem structure, and resilience evolution stages. Utilizing data from 45 Yangtze River cities, we establish a “Driver, Pressure, State, Impact, and Response” (DPSIR) evaluation index system to evaluate changes in ecological resilience levels and evolution trends from 2011 to 2022. Our findings indicate that: (1) The ecological resilience index of Yangtze River cities increased from 0.177 to 0.307 between 2011 and 2022, progressing through three phases: ecological resilience construction, rapid development, and stable development. (2) At the city level, ecological resilience along the Yangtze River exhibits uneven development characteristics. Upstream cities display a significant “stepped” pattern, midstream cities exhibit a significant “Matthew effect”, and downstream cities present a pyramid-shaped pattern. While regional differences in ecological resilience persist, overall polarization is gradually decreasing, intercity connections are strengthening, and there is a growing focus on coordinated regional development. (3) The spatial distribution of ecological resilience in Yangtze River cities demonstrates both continuity and evolution, generally forming a “core-edge” clustered pattern. Based on these findings, we recommend enhancing inter-city cooperation and connectivity, addressing imbalances in urban ecological resilience, and promoting high-quality ecological resilience development along the Yangtze River through tailored development strategies for each city.

Investigating of Resilience Scale of Selected Hospitals in Yazd City during Disaster Conditions in 2023

Background: The need for healthcare is one of the fundamental needs of humans in critical and emergency situations. Hospitals and healthcare centers are among the first units that can reduce casualties by providing optimal and timely healthcare services. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the resilience status of selected hospitals in Yazd city during the crisis in the year 2023. Methods: This research is a descriptive-cross sectional study conducted in 2023 in 5 selected hospitals in Yazd (classified by hospital ownership: university hospitals A, B, C, charity hospital D, and private hospital E). The resilience level of the hospitals during a crisis was assessed using Zhong's standard questionnaire, which evaluated 9 dimensions of resilience. Responses to the questions were based on a 5-point Likert scale (always to never), and data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software. Quantitative data were reported with central (mean) and dispersion (standard deviation) indicators, followed by qualitative (demographic) data as numbers and percentages. Results: The results showed that the overall resilience status of the hospitals in this study averaged 3.95 ± 0.69, which was evaluated at a good level. The highest score was for the private hospital E with an average of 4.30 ± 0.55, and the lowest score was for the public hospital A with an average of 3.75 ± 0.55. Hospital A's score was at a moderate level, while the remaining hospitals were rated at a good level. Conclusion: Considering the average resilience of hospitals in a number of areas, it is suggested to develop and present training programs related to preparing for critical situations and holding maneuvers and conducting exercises with emphasis on training key employees.

Resilience as a protective factor in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in patients hospitalised for COVID-19

Introduction and objective: Both the illness itself and hospitalisation due to COVID-19 are potentially traumatic experiences, especially when the course of the disease is severe. Resilience has been identified as a crucial factor in the process of successfully coping with traumatic events and may protect against the development of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. The aim of this study was to determine the role of resilience in the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in patients requiring hospitalisation due to COVID-19. Materials and methods: A total of 138 patients (59 women, 79 men; mean age: 52.34 years; standard deviation, SD = 12.46) hospitalised at the University Hospital in Krakow were included in the study, which was conducted 7–8 months after their COVID-19 diagnosis. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25) were administered, and stepwise multiple regression analysis was used in the predictive models. Results: A total of 31 participants (22.5%) met the criteria for probable post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. The study participants were characterised by a moderate level of resilience (5th sten), with women exhibiting lower levels than men. Higher levels of resilience were associated with lower severity of PTSD symptoms. A significant predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms was “Tolerance for failure and treating life as a challenge”. Conclusions: Resilience has an impact on the severity of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Specifically, the dimension of “Tolerance” within resilience appears to be an important protective factor against post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after hospitalisation for COVID-19. Patients hospitalised with severe course of COVID-19 exhibit a moderate level of resilience, with men demonstrating higher resilience levels than women.

Vulnerability-based seismic resilience and post-earthquake recovery assessment for substation systems

The function of substation systems is significantly influenced by earthquakes. To assess the seismic resistance of substation systems and improve post-earthquake recovery efficiency, this study constructs a multi-module framework for seismic vulnerability assessment of substations. Based on the equipment functional status analysis module, a functional network model was established considering the structural function and electrical load of substation systems. The system functional state matrix was obtained through Monte Carlo simulation, and the seismic vulnerability was assessed from the aspects of electrical transmission reliability and the importance of power users. Subsequently, a substation functional index was established based on seismic vulnerability parameters. Post-earthquake functional recovery strategy analysis frameworks were constructed to quantitatively evaluate the recovery process. A stepped functional time-varying function was proposed through iterative analysis, thereby converting the probability parameters of functional status into seismic resilience deterministic indices. Through seismic resilience analysis of a typical 220 kV step-down substation, seismic vulnerability curves for both electrical transmission and power users were obtained. Furthermore, the seismic sensitive intervals of the substation and key equipment for post-earthquake recovery were clarified. Notably, the seismic resilience level and optimal recovery strategy of the typical 220 kV step-down substation were determined.

Latent profile analysis of transdiagnostic emotional distress, suicidality, and resilience in first responders

BackgroundFirst responders (i.e., law enforcement officers, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians/paramedics), experience significantly higher occupational trauma exposure than U.S. adult workers outside these fields, leading to increased risks of comorbid mental health disorders. Repeated and intense trauma exposure may combine with personal factors to place them at higher risk for suicide. Conversely, first responders may show higher levels of psychological resilience in the face of occupational trauma experiences. Some research exists on resilience, though little is known about suicide resilience in first responder populations. MethodsWe used latent profile analysis (LPA) on a treatment-seeking sample of first responders (N = 340) with measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety, depression, suicidality, and resilience. ResultsWe determined the best fit was a five-class solution, including the following emotional distress categories: minimal (19 %), mild (33 %), moderate (8 %), moderately severe (27 %), and severe (13 %) emotional distress. In this study, all multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) were statistically significant and had large effect sizes ranging from the lowest (resilience) to the largest (depression). LimitationsWe used self-report assessments and not a clinical interview. Also, we did not have data on measures of substance use, emotional dysregulation (e.g., attachment), or trauma exposure. ConclusionsThis study underscores the critical need for developing and implementing transdiagnostic interventions that not only address the spectrum of emotional distress and suicidality but also actively enhance resilience among treatment-seeking first responders.

Climate change, livelihood resilience, and gender: An intersectional analysis of Vietnam's forest-dependent communities

Integrating gender-disaggregated data and adopting a gender-focused perspective are crucial for a comprehensive understanding of climate change issues. This study provides empirical evidence from two ethnic minorities in Vietnam, highlighting how perceptions of livelihood resilience vary by gender, geographical context, and ethnicity, with a particular emphasis on their intersections. Over 13 months, data were gathered through 3 focus group discussions, in-depth interviews with 9 key informants, field observations, and surveys of 136 households. The findings revealed a low average Household Livelihood Resilience (HLR) score of 0.434, indicating limited resilience among forest-dependent households facing external shocks. Notably, a significant gender gap was evident, with men demonstrating higher resilience levels than women, a disparity attributed to entrenched social norms and cultural practices. Women, often confined to domestic roles, faced barriers to community involvement and access to financial resources, which weakened their ability to cope with and recover from adverse events. To address these issues, the study advocates for climate actions that prioritize gender equality and aim to enhance women's resilience. This includes amplifying their voices through tailored training programs and initiatives such as women-managed microfinance groups. The study also emphasizes the policy implications for advancing gender equality, sustainable forest management, and livelihood resilience. However, this work has limitations, including a small sample size and reliance on self-reported data, which may introduce biases. Future research should involve a larger, more diverse sample of forest-dependent communities and examine various dimensions of vulnerability to provide a more nuanced understanding of resilience factors.

Predictive Model of Risk Behaviour in the University Student Community

Aim. The study aimed to attempt to explain the probable causality of undertaken risk behaviours in a group of university students, from the perspective of various predictors (which included low individual and social resources, as well as other risk behaviours). The choice of predictors was dictated, among other things, by the assumptions of risk behaviour theory and gateway theory. Methods. The research was conducted among university students from many cities in Poland. Empirical data were collected using the survey method. The tool was a survey questionnaire, constructed from the author's scale and the Resilience Scale by Gail Wagnild in the Polish adaptation by Janusz Surzykiewicz and Karol Konaszewski (2019). The data were statistically analysed. The target procedure became path analysis. Results. The study revealed several plausible predictive factors for specific risk behaviours of students. Analyses included behavioural categories such as the use of psychoactive substances and behaviour associated with them, risky sexual contact, low physical and psychosocial health care, dangerous behaviour in daily life, and disclosure of images and private data on the Internet. Each form of risky behaviour was situated in the model. The predictive factors in the path structure were identified as, among others, low social and cultural resources and low levels of resilience. It also appeared that some risk behaviours may be predictors for others. Conclusion. The study reveals that not only syndromes of risk behaviours, but even entire risk pathways creating the possibility to infer probable causality, are noticeable in the group of university students.

The Synergistic Effect of Urban and Rural Ecological Resilience: Dynamic Trends and Drivers in Yunnan

With the rapid development of the world economy, pollution of urban and rural ecological environments and the decline in anti-risk capabilities are becoming more serious. In order to promote sustainable improvement of urban and rural ecological resilience, based on previous independent research on urban and rural resilience, this paper combines the two to carry out collaborative development research. The dynamic evolution and driving force heterogeneity in the coordinated development level of urban and rural ecological resilience in Yunnan Province in China from 2013 to 2022 were studied using the coordination degree model of composite system and geographical detector. The results show the following: (1) The urban and rural ecological resilience levels in Yunnan Province increased annually, but urban ecological resilience (0.178) lagged behind that of rural areas (0.376). Compared to rural areas, the overall spatial difference in urban ecological resilience level is significant. (2) The overall level of urban–rural ecological resilience synergy in Yunnan Province has been increasing annually, from “no synergy” to “primary synergy”. However, there are great differences between prefectures and cities. (3) The combination of urban and rural driving factors is more conducive to improving urban–rural ecological resilience. The interaction between the per capita water supply and fertilizer consumption is the primary and critical driving factor. In the future, we will continue to take the coordinated development of urban and rural ecological resilience as the theme, further expand the research field, and carry out future development trend prediction research. This study provides new ideas for the construction of ecological resilience in similar countries and regions worldwide.

Resilience and relapse risk in Emirate adult patients with substance use disorder: a national cross-sectional study from the United Arab Emirates.

The United Arab Emirates is among the countries affected by substance use disorders (SUDs), which have economic and social impacts. Relapse after successful rehabilitation is a major issue in the treatment of SUD. Several factors increase the risk of relapse in patients with SUD, such as craving and negative social experiences. Resilience could empower patients struggling with SUD. This study aims to explore levels of resilience and relapse risk in adult Emirati patients diagnosed with SUD, and also the possible correlation between the two variables. Two hundred eighty-six Emirati adult patients with SUD completed a self-administered questionnaire for demographics, resilience (Connor and Davidson Resilience Scale), and relapse risk (Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale). Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, SD, etc.) were used to describe study participants and variables. Inferential statistics were used to analyze the relationships, associations, and correlations between resilience and relapse risk, the main variables, and the participants demographics. Participants' mean total score for resilience was 72.92 out of a maximum possible score of 100 (SD = 16.99), while their mean total score for relapse risk was 59.07 out of a maximum possible score of 105 (SD = 12.23). Furthermore, examining the correlation between the resilience subscales and the relapse risk subscales revealed similar significant, negative, low-to-moderate correlations between all the subscales (r = -0.486). Protective and risk factors to enhance resilience and reduce relapse risk in patients with SUD were discussed.

Evolution of Resilience Spatiotemporal Patterns and Spatial Correlation Networks in African Regional Economies

This paper comprehensively utilizes the entropy-TOPSIS method, Lyapunov index, and kernel density estimation to measure the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of regional economic resilience in 52 African countries (regions) from 2008 to 2019. It also examines the spatial network characteristics of regional economic resilience in each country (region) through gravity models and social network analysis. The findings reveal that: (1) Although the resilience of African regional economies fluctuates, it generally shows an improving trend. Traditional economic powers and regional giants such as Libya, Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia demonstrate outstanding performance in economic resilience. (2) In terms of scale resilience, the countries along the North African Mediterranean coast exhibit particularly prominent advantages. However, the overall performance of Africa in fiscal resilience and openness resilience tends to be weak. Industrial resilience is influenced by colonial legacies and tends to stabilize. (3) The differences in economic resilience values and the fluctuation trajectories of economic resilience levels converge. North African economies exhibit resilience far higher than the mean and other regions, while East, West, and Central Africa consistently perform below the mean in the long term. Southern Africa’s gap from the mean is relatively small, leading to a stalemate. The fluctuation amplitude of differences within each region varies. (4) The overall level of resilience in African regional economies has steadily improved, displaying a trend of polarization. There is evident spatial polarization in West Africa, with Southern Africa demonstrating a trend of multipolarity transitioning towards bipolarity. Conversely, North Africa strengthens its features of bipolar differentiation, while East and Central Africa exhibit tendencies towards multipolarity. (5) Despite some fluctuations in the spatial network of regional economic resilience around 2016, connections among African countries have become increasingly tight, gradually forming three major spatial correlation network clusters: the North African Mediterranean coast, the West–Central African Pan-Gulf of Guinea region, and the East–South African Rift Valley region. Nigeria holds a prominent position as a regional core. Zambia, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic have played certain regional core roles at different times. Nigeria and South Africa also demonstrate significant intermediary roles, while Zambia, Cameroon, and Burkina Faso act as bridges in different periods of network connections. Based on the characteristics of spatial correlation networks, African regions gradually form four major cohesive subgroups and eight sub-subgroups.

Mental health of nursing students regarding the Moroccan earthquake: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveIn addition to the economic and social impact, mental health issues are one of health needs during natural disaster such as earthquake. Thus, surveillance for mental health variables is crucial for public health planning. Nursing students as professional students may be particularly vulnerable to adverse mental health effects after an earthquake because of their potential role in emergency response and the challenges associated with providing medical care in crisis conditions. The aim of this research was to assess the mental health of students after six months of the Moroccan earthquake and associated factors. MethodA cross-sectional survey of student nurses was conducted on March 2024; six months after the Moroccan earthquake in front to 261 students using class sampling method. Three validated psychometric measures, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PCL-C), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to assess the nursing student mental health after Moroccan earthquake. ResultsAnxiety, Depression, Stress and abnormal post-traumatic stress rank was present respectively in 44.8%, 37.1%, 7.7%, 61.3% of participants. However, a minority of students obtained the high resilience score (13.8%). The results showed that the DAS scale correlated negatively with age (p = 0.034). Furthermore, the female gender, 3rd grade students (as final year for the nursing diploma) and those who had lost a family member in the natural disaster obtained higher medians with a significant difference in the DAS scale score (p < 0.05). The post-traumatic stress scale was only affected by material damage (p = 0.044). However, the high level of scores resilience obtained significantly for students living with their families. In contrast, no association between the mental health of nursing students and attending the phenomenon or living near earthquake foci. ConclusionThis study has demonstrated the crucial need to train healthcare providers in emotion management in the event of a natural disaster, and to launch a priori initiatives, particularly with regard to the mental health of students in health universities, in order to prepare them psychologically for any intervention in the case of an alert.

Assessing the psychometric properties of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25) in pharmacy students and academics in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

BackgroundResilience is a complex concept that is defined and influenced by the context of individuals, organisations, societies and cultures. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a widely used validated tool to evaluate psychological resilience. CD-RISC is a self-administered scale of twenty-five items, each rated by a 5-point Likert scale. The scale evaluates overall personal resilience through assessing five main resilience-related constructs; personal competence, trust in one's instincts, positive acceptance of change, control and spiritual influences. As per the scale's developers, higher scores reflecting greater level of resilience. This particular tool has not previously been tested with a pharmacy student or academic population sample. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the CD-RISC-25 in a sample of pharmacy students and academics from faculties drawn across the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2020 and January 2021 sampling pharmacy students and academics across the EMR who were invited to complete the self-administered CD-RISC 25 questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components analysis with oblique rotation was conducted on sample responses (n = 616). The internal consistency and reliability for each identified factor and from the CD-RISC scale was evaluated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. ResultsFive factors were isolated accounting for 51.5 % total cumulative model variance. Identification of factors showed high convergence with previous work on the CD-RISC resilience tool. The current study in our sample found a five–factor structure which differed from the original scale reliabilities. This study did identify a five-factor solution with differing item factor loadings. The reliability analysis on the CD-RISC-25 items in our study sample revealed an overall Cronbach Alpha value of 0.89; however, three items showed corrected Item-total correlations of <0.3. Our analysis, in this respondent sample, suggested a re-adjustment of the scale inclusions to improve overall scale stability and performance. ConclusionsThe current research findings propose a modified five-factor structure to resilience, with a 22-item unidimensional model of CD-RISC scale.

A framework for appraising the status of disaster resilience within the multi-hazard environment of coastal Bangladesh

Fostering resilience is widely acknowledged as a crucial strategy for mitigating the escalating risks posed by climate-related disasters around the world. Resilience assessment plays a vital role in this endeavour by assessing the baseline level of resilience, identifying the key resilience factors, and monitoring progress towards building resilience with time. Given this context, and considering the evolving conceptualization of resilience, we devised a framework for appraising the status of resilience across the coastal region of Bangladesh. Our framework represents a significant scholarly contribution, as it encompasses a broad spectrum of resilience dimensions, including stability, recoverability, and transformability. To operationalize this framework, we selected thirty context-specific variables and organized them systematically around these three overarching components. Employing a simple weighted average methodology, we constructed sub-indices for each component, which were subsequently aggregated into a composite resilience index. For spatial visualization, our findings were mapped in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Our analysis revealed Chattogram, Barguna, and Khulna as the most resilient districts. This manifests the potential for resilience enhancement even within areas exposed and inherently sensitive to multiple hazards through the optimal use of available resources. Notably, in the trio of districts, Barguna exhibited the highest stability index score, Chattogram showcased the highest recoverability score, and Khulna emerged with the top transformability index score. This finding underscores the significance of incorporating diverse capacities in resilience frameworks. These insights offer valuable guidance for refining resilience assessment frameworks in other developing countries of the world. Furthermore, the outcomes of our assessment can serve as a baseline for the coastal administrators of Bangladesh while developing disaster management policies and actions centering around fostering resilient communities. Thus, our study not only contributes to disaster theory, but holds practical implications for evidence-based decision-making to secure a more resilient future of the coastal communities of Bangladesh.

Study on the Coupled Coordinated Development of New Urbanization and Urban Resilience in Huaihe River Basin

The coupled and coordinated development of new urbanization and urban resilience can promote the disaster response, disaster resistance and high-quality development of urban agglomerations in the Huaihe River Basin. The article constructs a new urbanization system and a chain-type urban resilience evaluation system with the mechanism of "pressure-feedback", selects the central city of Huaihe River Basin as the research object, and measures the new urbanization and urban resilience level and change trend of the central city of Huaihe River Basin in 2012-2021 with the help of the coupling coordination model. Using the entropy value method, we measured the new urbanization and urban toughness level and the trend of change of the central cities in Huaihe River Basin from 2012 to 2021, measured the type of city cluster coupling coordination and its internal factors with the help of the coupling coordination model, and analyzed the coupling coordination relationship between the two.

Intergenerational continuation of parent-child separation and 1-year telomere length attrition among mother-offspring dyads in rural China: The moderating effects of resilience

BackgroundAlthough stressor exposure early in life was known risk factor for telomere length (TL) attrition, limited literature explored it across generations. Furthermore, the effects of resilience have rarely been examined. Here, we examined whether the effects of intergenerational parent-child separation on offspring 1-year TL attrition vary by the levels of resilience. MethodIn a sample of 342 mother-child dyads living in rural China, the intergenerational continuation of parent-child separation was defined as the two generations both experiencing parent-child separation from both parents for >6 months a year early in life assessed by the parent-reported questionnaire, whereas intergenerational discontinuity refers to parent-child separation exposed in one generation only. TL was measured at baseline (from June to November 2021) and 1-year later with children's buccal mucosa swabs, with resilience polygenic risk scores (PRS) evaluated based on 4 single-nucleotide variations in 4 resilience-related genes (OXTR, FKBP5, NPY, and TNF-α). ResultsAmong 342 mother-offspring dyads, 35 (10.2 %) experienced intergenerational continuation of parent-child separation, and 139 (40.6 %) were identified as discontinuous. Remarkably, a 0.12-point reduction in TL attrition was only associated with intergenerational continuation of parent-child separation (95 % CI: 0.04, 0.21, P < 0.01) but not discontinuity. Importantly, the association between intergenerational continuation of parent-child separation with accelerated TL attrition disappeared in offspring with high resilience PRS (β = 0.07, 95%CI: −0.06, 0.21). ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of breaking the intergenerational cycle of parent-child separation and the moderating effects of resilience on TL attrition for children exposed to adversity.

Enhancing the natural absorbing capacity of rivers to restore their resilience

Abstract Resilience, which can also be described as absorbing capacity, describes the amount of change that a system can undergo in response to disturbance and maintain a characteristic, self-sustaining regime of functions, processes, or sets of feedback loops. Rivers exhibit varying levels of resilience, but the net effect of industrialized anthropogenic alteration has been to suppress river resilience. As changing climate alters the inputs to rivers and human modification alters the morphology and connectivity of rivers, restoration increasingly considers how to enhance resilience. Characteristics that underpin river absorbing capacity include natural regimes, connectivity, physical and ecological integrity, and heterogeneity. River management emphasizing channel stabilization and homogenization has reduced river absorbing capacity. We propose that the paths to restoring rivers include defining relevant measures of absorbing capacity and understanding the scales of restoration and the sociopolitical elements of river restoration. We provide a conceptual framing for choosing measures that could be used to assess river absorbing capacity.

Loneliness, office space arrangement and mental well-being of Gen Z PR professionals. Falling into the trap of an agile office?

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to assess how the well-being and loneliness of public relations and communication professionals are impacted by the post-pandemic characteristics of the work environment: flexible work schemes, non-territorial office arrangements and video communication technologies. It was hypothesised that the post-pandemic workplace landscape poses several new challenges to the practice of PR – an industry which invariably relies on working with other people and demands a good level of social resilience. Loneliness and well-being both depend on the experience of having good and efficient social relationships, but the pandemic has directly and indirectly led to their deterioration.Design/methodology/approachThe project employed a correlational design and used an online survey system to collect responses from Gen Z professionals employed in the public relations and communications industry in the UK and the US via the Prolific platform. Demographical and workplace-related characteristics were assessed to investigate links with loneliness (measured using a three-item scale adopted from Russell et al., 1980 in Hughes, 2004) and well-being (using a short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale scale). Causal relationships between data were tested using regression analysis for continuous variables and analysis of covariance for categorical factors. Bootstrapping was used to test mediated relationships that explain loneliness, job satisfaction and the well-being of Gen Z PR professionals.FindingsSeveral types of flexible working schemes, defined as the ability to work from home on any number of weeks, showed an impact on loneliness and job satisfaction but not on well-being. However, all remaining aspects of the post-pandemic office did manifest as important predictors. In the sample, 30% of Gen Z PR professionals showed signs of mild to clinical levels of depression, and the best protection from this state was the presence of a significant other. Lower levels of loneliness were related to non-territorial office arrangements and job satisfaction. The use of hot desks and open-plan arrangements led to a significantly lower level of job satisfaction than a traditional, cellular office. Both excessive online meetings and face-to-face only interactions led to marginally lower levels of loneliness and job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe present research is limited in several aspects. Firstly, while the project evaluated loneliness, job satisfaction and mental well-being (with each of these elements including a component of the requirement for building effective relationships), the quality of relationships built by PR professionals was not measured. Secondly, the project focused only on post-pandemic aspects of the workplace and did not cover other important components of job satisfaction. Lastly, the measure of online meetings was declarative rather than behavioural, and greater control of the number of online meetings held would be required to show more reliable links between variables.Practical implicationsThis study calls for proposing recommendations for employers to develop organisational-level measures and programmes to counteract loneliness. While traditionally intimate relationships of employees were not a direct focus of HR programmes, employers should develop elements of organisational culture that would support employees in building effective intimate relationships. Separately from this, despite immediate financial benefits, employers should avoid using open-space and hot desk policies, as they contribute negatively to job satisfaction (and indirectly to well-being). The sample of UK and US professionals was chosen for analysis because in these countries employers have more capacity to introduce changes to tangible characteristics of the workplace and work culture, which may positively impact the well-being of their employees.Social implicationsIt is expected that both employers and employees will revisit their approach to post-pandemic financial and logistic challenges related to the workplace. A lower level of job satisfaction and well-being is linked to the lack of assigned office space, but the ability to work exclusively from home leads to loneliness. Employees – when offered this possibility – should work in offices they are provided. Employers must appreciate the negative link between open and hot-desking policies and job satisfaction and well-being of their employees.Originality/valueThis study is the first to examine the post-pandemic workplace and personal characteristics of public relations and communications professionals in the UK and US and show how they impact job satisfaction and well-being. The study shows that 30% of employed in the PR industry are at risk of depression or anxiety. The connecting factor between personal and work-related characteristics that explains this problem is loneliness.