Level Of Alliance Research Articles

The influence of climatic and topographic parameters on the distribution of forest communities of the Ufa plateau

The purpose of this study was to analyse the influence of climatic and topographic parameters on the distribution of forest communities (on the alliance level) on the Ufa plateau. In order to characterize the features of the forest vegetation habitats of six alliances, topographic parameters were calculated using the digital elevation model SRTM-3, and bioclimatic variables Bioclim (CHELSA). Cluster analysis using climatic characteristics showed that the main factors in the differentiation of alliances are the amount of precipitation in January and in the winter quarter. The amount of precipitation determines the depth of soil freezing and the sufficiency of soil moisture in the initial period of the seasonal development of trees. These factors are the main ones in differentiating the habitats of the communities of the suballiance Tilio cordatae-Pinenion sylvestris from the habitats of the other forest communities. The amount of precipitation in the summer quarter is the next most important climatic parameter, differentiating the habitats of communities. Cluster analysis using topographic parameters showed that the main factors of differentiation of the habitats of the alliances are the profile and plan curvature, slope steepness and aspect. These factors determine the accumulation of soil, moisture and the temperature regime of soils.

A new formal classification for Japanese forest vegetation based on traditional phytosociological concepts

AbstractAimsTo propose a comprehensive classification framework for Japanese forest vegetation, an expert system based on a traditional system was developed, using a large‐scale data set covering the whole of Japan.LocationThe entire Japanese archipelago.MethodsA data set of 12,720 vegetation plots from the National Vegetation Survey database was established. Then, an expert system for automatic hierarchical classification was developed, based on the traditional system. The classification effectiveness was verified using fidelity measures, the occurrence of traditional characteristic species, consistency with semi‐supervised K‐means and modified TWINSPAN, and the similarity between each unit. To investigate correspondence to the environmental variables, a detrended correspondence analysis with the “envfit” function was used. Additionally, the occurring taxa were collated and compared with the flora lists of areas surrounding Japan.ResultsThe Japanese forest data set was classified into 34 alliances by the expert system, and 14 orders and six classes were distinguished. Most of these units had diagnostic taxa including existing characteristic species and the heatmap of the Bray–Curtis index showed the independence of each unit, and the similarity of the plot groups assigned to the same unit. Out of 34 alliances, clustering with semi‐supervised K‐means supported 21 alliances, and modified TWINSPAN supported 16 alliances. The four classes correspond to the thermal conditions and support the existing concept of vegetation zones. The lower‐level vegetation units correspond to a narrower range of environmental variables than higher‐level units, and species composition varied with limited environmental variables. A floristic composition comparison emphasized the complexity of the species composition of Japanese forests.ConclusionsThis study proposes the first formal Japanese forest classification at the class, order, and alliance levels, reflecting traditional phytosociology systems and based on large‐scale vegetation plot data. Our classification provides an important foundation for the future revision of formal phytosociological systems throughout East Asia.

Examining the Supervision Work Alliance Scale: A Rasch Model Approach

Background:The supervisory working alliance has a role in facilitating guidance and counseling supervisors in providing understanding of how the service works. Measuring the level of supervision work alliance is one way that can be done to find out whether a supervisor has a good supervisory work alliance or not.Objective:The research aims to describe the quality of the Supervision Work Alliance Scale (SWAS) instrument.Materials and Methods:The study employed a cross-sectional method with a quantitative research design. Participants in this study were counseling teachers implementing the internship program with 17 males and 55 females. This type of parameter needs to be identified by the category coefficient of the RASCH scoring function model for polycotomic responses.Results:The results show that as many as 34 items proved to be compatible with SWAS instruments. The cronbach alpha of the instrument was 0.91 which means that the all items were in the high category of reliability. The misfit items were only 5,88, so all of the items in SWAS were well understood by the participants.Conclusion:The development of SWAS instrument is valid and reliable, so it can be used to measure the variable of the supervisory work alliance

Connection During COVID-19: Pilot Study of a Telehealth Group Parenting Intervention.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in considerable stress for families, placing parents at risk for heightened psychological distress, while prompting widespread changes in mental health service delivery. This study evaluated treatment engagement, acceptability, and psychiatric distress among participants in the telehealth adaptation of the Connecting and Reflecting Experience (CARE) program after the onset of COVID-19. CARE is a transdiagnostic, bigenerational, mentalizing-focused group parenting intervention based out of an outpatient child mental health clinic in an underserved urban community. Individuals participating in CARE during the clinic's transition to telehealth services were recruited for participation in this pre-post design pilot study. Participants (N=12) completed self-report surveys before and after their first telehealth group session and at their 20-week follow-up. Quantitative and qualitative measures were used to evaluate psychiatric symptoms, treatment engagement, and preliminary acceptability of the adaptation. Self-reported mood and anxiety symptoms decreased significantly after 20 weeks of telehealth therapy. Participants reported high levels of therapeutic alliance and group cohesion in the telehealth format. Results also showed minimal participant-reported privacy concerns and a trend toward increased treatment engagement. These findings have implications regarding the acceptability of teletherapy interventions for caregivers of children during this period of heightened vulnerability and limited access to social support and health services. They also are relevant to establishing the preliminary acceptability of mentalizing-focused parenting inventions delivered via telehealth.

The Relationship between Intellectual Property Risk and Stability of Asymmetric Research and Development Alliance

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) establish asymmetric research and development (R&D) alliance with core enterprises to improve innovation efficiency. Unfortunately, the gap in the status and bargaining power between enterprises in such partnerships makes the intellectual property risk situation complicated. While gaining support and assistance from core enterprises, SMEs face the risk of exposing their core knowledge and key resources, which seriously affects the stability of R&D alliance and the sustainability of cooperative innovation. How to protect the intellectual property rights of SMEs in the asymmetric R&D alliance and improve the alliance’s stability is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the theory of resource dependence and transaction cost, this study uses 260 high-tech companies participating in the asymmetric R&D alliance as a sample to conduct empirical research from the perspective of SMEs in a weak position. The purpose of this study is to sort out the types of intellectual property risks in the alliance and clarify the relationship between them and the stability of asymmetric R&D alliance. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating effects of contract governance mechanisms and relational contracts to explore effective governance mechanisms at the alliance level. Empirical results show that the intellectual property investment risk and the intellectual property loss risk have a significant negative impact on the stability of asymmetric R&D alliance. The contract governance mechanism negatively moderates the impact of intellectual property investment risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance. The relationship governance mechanism negatively moderates the impact of intellectual property loss risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance. The contract and relationship governance mechanism jointly negatively moderate the impact of intellectual property investment risk and loss risk on the stability of the asymmetric R&D alliance.

Assessment of the Relationship between Therapeutic Alliance and Pulmonary Function Recovery in Cardiac Surgery Patients Undergoing Physical Therapy

Objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the indicators of therapeutic alliance and pul- monary function recovery in patients undergoing physical therapy after cardiac surgery (СS). 80 patients, who were submitted to СS (performed by median sternotomy on cardiopulmonary bypass) and standardized phys- ical therapy program thereafter. Therapeutic alliance was assessed with the help of Working Alliance Inventory (SF Hatcher Client form) questionnaire. The questions were split into three domains: "goal items", "task items" and "bond items". The questionnaire was filled in on the 7th postoperative day (POD). Pulmonary function test was done before the surgery and on the 7th POD. The results of assessment confirmed a rather high level of therapeutic alliance between cardiac surgery patients and their physical therapists. Lung volumes and flow rates were worse after surgery. According to the analysis of correlation relationships between “task items” indi- cators and FVC, FIVC, FIV1 reduction rates, patients with less reduction of these volumeshad better “task items” results. According to the analysis of correlation relationships between a number of pulmonary function test in- dicators on the 7th POD and “goal items”, “task items”, totalquestionnaire score,patients with higher postoper- ative pulmonary function values had better therapeutic alliance. The obtained correlation relationships were significant, but weak or very weak. The results confirmed the relationships between postoperative pulmonary function values, their dynamic and therapeutic alliance.

EXPLORING THE EVOLUTION OF BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION ALLIANCES: THE CASE OF VELASCA

Firms jointly conduct business model innovation (BMI) through business model innovation alliances (BMIAs). However, the understanding of how BMIA partnerships evolve and how different partners contribute to the inter-organisational BMI process remains vague. Building on process theory, our study addresses this gap by adopting a processual stance towards the evolution of a successful BMIA. Three main propositions emerge from our findings. First, BMIA evolution follows the progression of an alliance-level BMI process that can entail nested firm-level BMI processes aimed at making the partners’ BMs more functional within the overarching inter-organisational BMI. Second, relatively small changes in BMs at the member level can lead to significant and novel changes in the BM at the alliance level. Third, BMIA evolution builds on leveraging complementarities amongst firms of different sizes and at different stages of development, and on resolving conflictual attitudes amongst similar partners.

Play fighting in wild spotted hyaenas: like a bridge over the troubled water of a hierarchical society

Play fighting, the most iconic form of social play, has been hypothesized to serve multiple evolutionary roles as a function of the age of the players. Although widely practised by youngsters, in some mammal species this form of play can also be present in adults. Here, we aimed to test these hypotheses by looking at the play-fighting behaviour of spotted hyaenas, Crocuta crocuta, by analysing the behaviour across age classes. Spotted hyaenas live in fission–fusion societies characterized by a rigid, nepotistic system of dominance hierarchy. Yet, the species is also characterized by social flexibility, which is evident from the high levels of support, cooperative behaviours and alliances. All these social features make spotted hyaenas a valuable model to explore play fighting at every age. We found that both immature individuals and adults invested a comparable amount of time in playful activities and showed similar motivation in initiating and maintaining their playful interactions. By play fighting, immatures can improve their motor and physical skills as predicted by the motor training hypothesis and, in agreement with the social assessment hypothesis, adults can gain information on social partners with whom they will have to interact in the future. Finally, contrary to our expectations, we found that those playful interactions characterized by strong competition (measured via play asymmetry index) also had the longest durations independently from the age of the players involved. Owing to the absence of escalation into real fighting, both immatures and adults appear to be able to manage the playful sessions despite their unbalanced nature. All these findings suggest that play fighting in spotted hyaenas can function as a ‘safe social bridge’ navigating both immatures and adults into the real future competitive challenges of the clan.

Individual's pretreatment psychological symptoms and progress in couples therapy: A person-centered analysis.

This study examined how individual pretreatment symptoms (depression and anxiety) predicted longitudinal, relational processes in couples therapy (the therapeutic alliance and couple satisfaction). This study included 99heterosexual couples receiving systemic couples therapy. Partners reported their individual pretreatment symptoms of depression and anxiety before intake. Each member reported their therapeutic alliance with the therapist at the end of sessions 2-8, as well as their couple satisfaction before intake and at the end of sessions 4 and 8. A Latent Profile Analysis revealed four profiles characterizing couples on their pretreatment psychological symptoms, namely both higher (where both members of the couple had higher depressive and anxiety symptoms), female higher, male higher, and both lower profiles. Furthermore, longitudinal, dyadic multilevel models revealed that men in male higher, female higher, and both higher profiles had higher initial alliance levels, compared to men in the both lower profile. In contrast, only female partners in the both higher profile had a higher initial therapeutic alliance than those in the both lower profile. Men in the both higher profile had faster reductions in their alliance, whereas other profiles did not predict changes in male or female alliance. Additionally, the male higher and both higher profiles predicted a lower initial level of couple satisfaction in males but not females. The profiles did not predict changes in couple satisfaction, which may be a result of lowered power due to missing data. Findings were discussed in the context of systemic family theory, with clinical implications for distressed couples.

Utilising telemental health in a paediatric outpatient psychology clinic: Therapeutic alliance and outcomes

AbstractThe benefits of telehealth for both patients and clinicians are well established, but little is known about patient therapeutic alliance with telehealth for mental health (TMH) services. In the present study, 50 paediatric patients participated in rating therapeutic alliance after receiving psychological services via videoconferencing or in person. Results indicated paediatric patients rated a high level of therapeutic alliance following psychological services provided through either modality. TMH resulted in higher show rates and allowed access to care for paediatric patients who may have otherwise gone unserved due to a variety of factors. Overall, results support that TMH was well received by paediatric patients and suggest it is an effective modality for providing mental health services to paediatric patients who would otherwise not have access to care due to barriers.

Contributors to and consequences of burnout among clinical genetic counselors in the United States.

Prior research has found that many genetic counselors (GCs) experience burnout. Studies of other clinicians have demonstrated that burnout can have significant detrimental consequences for clinicians, patients, and the healthcare system. We sought to explore the prevalence of, contributors to, and consequences of burnout among GCs. We performed a secondary data analysis of baseline data from Me‐GC, a randomized controlled trial of meditation for GCs. We applied a systems model of burnout proposed by the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), which depicts burnout arising from a combination of contributors that include both work system and individual mediating factors, and then leading to consequences. Validated self‐report scales were used to measure burnout and most contributors and consequences. Female and white GCs were over‐represented in our sample. Over half (57.2%) of the 397 participants had Professional Fulfillment Index scores indicative of burnout. Multiple potential contributors were associated with burnout, consistent with its known multifactorial nature. Among work system factors, higher levels of burnout were associated with insufficient administrative support, lack of autonomy, and not feeling valued by non‐GC colleagues. Individual mediating factors associated with greater burnout included higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Participants with lower levels of burnout reported greater mindfulness, resilience, and use of professional self‐care behaviors. Among variables categorized as consequences, higher levels of burnout were associated with lower levels of empathy, counseling alliance, and positive unconditional regard, as well as higher reactive distress, and a greater desire to reduce the amount of time spent on clinical care. Given the prevalence and potential consequences of burnout observed here, it is imperative that the field take steps to mitigate burnout risk.

Does the working alliance mediate the therapist competence-outcome relationship in cognitive behavior therapy for depression?

Objective: This study examined whether the working alliance mediated the effect of therapist competence on subsequent depression symptomology during Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). We also tested the potential moderation effect of alliance on subsequent depressive symptomology, based on participants’ cognitive aptitude. Method: A total of 86 sessions were coded as the prediction interval across 50 patient-therapist dyads (age M = 39.22, SD = 8.78; 76% female). While accounting for prior depression, competence, and alliance levels, predictors were assessed early treatment (session 1; n = 45 sessions), mid-treatment (session 12; n = 41 sessions), and depressive symptomology was assessed at the subsequent session to the predictor assessments to investigate within-session variability of process variables. Results: Mediation analysis revealed that the effect of early treatment therapist competence on symptom change was mediated by alliance (indirect effect: β = −.17, 95% percentile bootstrap CI [−.32, −.01]). The positive association involving early treatment alliance and next session outcome was conditional upon low cognitive aptitude levels. Conclusions: Our result offers preliminary support for alliance as a mediator of the effect of competence, and that alliance-outcome relations vary as a function of client aptitude. These novel findings require replication and extension.

Between and within race differences in patient-centeredness and activation in mental health care

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare Black and White mental health care patients’ perceptions of their providers’ and their own participation in patient-centered mental health care. Perceptions of patient-centered care (PCC) in relation to the Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity were explored. MethodsBlack and White veterans receiving mental health care (n = 82) completed surveys assessing patient activation, involvement in care, perceptions of PCC, and therapeutic alliance. Black participants (n = 40) also completed the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity. ResultsThere were no differences by race in perceived PCC, though Black participants had lower levels of therapeutic alliance with their mental health care provider and were less activated. Black identity centrality, private regard, and public regard were positively related to PCC and elements of PCC such as patient information seeking/sharing. ConclusionsIntragroup identity variables such as racial centrality, regard, and ideology influenced perceived PCC among Black participants. Race identity variables should be explored in future research on racial disparities and PCC. Practice implicationsMental health care providers serving Black patients should create opportunities to discuss racial identity and race-related experiences as part of their efforts to improve therapeutic alliance and increase the patient-centeredness of care.

Вплив важкості ожиріння на структуру добового профілю артеріального тиску та ефективність його корекції засобами фізичної терапії на фоні різного рівня терапевтичного альянсу

In recent years, obesity has become one of the most common non-communicable diseases, affecting the population around the world, regardless of age, gender, social status. Weight gain is associated with an increased risk of death from any cause, primarily from cardiovascular disease. The main clinical complication of obesity is arterial hypertension. Purpose: to determine the effect of the severity of obesity on the structure of the daily blood pressure profile and the effectiveness of its correction by means of physical therapy against the background of different levels of therapeutic alliance. Materials and methods. The study involved 213 people with obesity of I-III degree, diagnosed by body mass index. According to the results of the definition of the therapeutic alliance, they were divided into two groups. The comparison group consisted of individuals with a low level of therapeutic alliance who refused to actively participate in the program of weight loss. The main group consisted of patients with a high level of therapeutic alliance, they underwent a correction program using dietary and lifestyle modifications, therapeutic exercises, massage, acupuncture, psychocorrection lasting one year. The control group consisted of 32 people with normal body weight. Daily monitoring of blood pressure was carried out to determine its profile by the types "diрper", "non-dipper", "over-dipper", "night-peaker". Results. In patients with grade I-III obesity, changes in the structure of the daily profile of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were revealed: a decrease in the number of individuals with an optimal "diрper" profile, an increase - with unfavorable profiles "non-dipper", "over-dipper", "night-peaker" ", the number of which increased in direct proportion to the degree of obesity. The use of kinesiоtherapy against the background of a decrease in body weight as part of a physical therapy program allows to normalize the daily blood pressure profile. A low level of therapeutic alliance leads to unsatisfactory fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the recommendations provided (aimed at reducing body weight and increasing physical activity) in obese patients, which is associated with a lack of improvement in the functioning of the cardiovascular system in the context of normalizing the daily blood pressure profile. Conclusions. It is advisable to prescribe physical therapy means to correct the indicators of the daily blood pressure profile in patients with obesity of I-III severity, which will prognostically reduce the risk of cardiovascular accidents in them

AZƏRBAYCAN-ABŞ ƏLAQƏLƏRİNİN TARİXİ VƏ DİPLOMATİK MÜNASİBƏTLƏRİN QURULMASI

Bilateral relations, which date back to the end of the 19th century, began to develop mainly after our country gained independence on October 18, 1991. Of course, in the first years of independence, the United States took a cautious approach to bilateral relations with Azerbaijan, based on the thesis of Russia first. Nevertheless, over the years, the United States has deeply studied Azerbaijan as a key country in the South Caucasus, and analyzed it in terms of strengthening long-term bilateral relations. If we evaluate the bilateral relations over 4 periods, as a result of A.Mutallibov's pro-Russian policy, A.Elchibey's excessive preference for the pro-Western policy without taking into account the Russian factor, the bilateral relations could not develop sufficiently. However, thanks to the balance policy founded by Heydar Aliyev and successfully developed by Ilham Aliyev today, Azerbaijan-US relations have risen to the level of a strategic alliance and strengthened on a win-win basis. Key words: bilateral relations, Azerbaijan, key country of the South Caucasus, USA, balance policy, strategic alliance, win-win principle, mutually beneficial cooperation

Cooperation-based concept formation in male bottlenose dolphins

In Shark Bay, Western Australia, male bottlenose dolphins form a complex nested alliance hierarchy. At the first level, pairs or trios of unrelated males cooperate to herd individual females. Multiple first-order alliances cooperate in teams (second-order alliances) in the pursuit and defence of females, and multiple teams also work together (third-order alliances). Yet it remains unknown how dolphins classify these nested alliance relationships. We use 30 years of behavioural data combined with 40 contemporary sound playback experiments to 14 allied males, recording responses with drone-mounted video and a hydrophone array. We show that males form a first-person social concept of cooperative team membership at the second-order alliance level, independently of first-order alliance history and current relationship strength across all three alliance levels. Such associative concepts develop through experience and likely played an important role in the cooperative behaviour of early humans. These results provide evidence that cooperation-based concepts are not unique to humans, occurring in other animal societies with extensive cooperation between non-kin.

The therapist, the group and I: how therapeutic alliance moderates the effect of group cohesion on outcomes

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether the influence of group cohesion on the outcomes depended on the levels of the therapeutic alliance.Design/methodology/approachSixteen individuals with a substance use disorder who were undergoing treatment in a therapeutic community responded to therapeutic alliance, group cohesion, craving and outcomes measures after every therapeutic small group session for a period of six weeks. Data analysis was performed using hierarchical linear modeling.FindingsResults indicate that the effect of group cohesion is stronger when there is a high therapeutic alliance between resident and therapist.Originality/valueEven on group interventions, to enhance group cohesion effects on outcomes, therapists must foster higher therapeutic alliance levels. The findings point out the importance of studying the effect of common factors on outcomes.

Nonverbal Synchrony and the Alliance in Psychotherapy for Major Depression: Disentangling State-Like and Trait-Like Effects

Given the importance of the alliance in psychotherapy, nonverbal synchrony has been suggested as a promising automatic objective marker of its levels and development. Accumulating research presents mixed results regarding the association between alliance and nonverbal synchrony. In the current study, we propose that one of the reasons for the inconsistencies is that previous studies did not disentangle trait-like characteristics from state-like changes occurring throughout treatment. To test this, we had 86 patients enrolled in an ongoing randomized controlled trial, along with their therapists, report their alliance levels after every session. Nonverbal movement synchrony was quantified by motion energy analysis for each of the 16 sessions of treatment. Findings suggest a significant association between nonverbal synchrony and the state-like effect of patient-reported alliance ( p < .0001) but not for the trait-like effect. The results confirm the importance of disentangling the state-like and trait-like components because they may have distinct effects.

DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PROGRAM OF PHYSICAL THERAPY FOR ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND FRAILTY ON THE DYNAMICS OF SOMATOMETRIC INDICATORS

Резюме. Мета. Визначення ефективності комплексної програми фізичної терапії для пацієнтів похилого віку з метаболічним синдромом (МС) та старечою астенією (СА) за динамікою антропометричних показників та компонентного складу тіла.
 Методи. Обстежено 106 осіб похилого віку. Контрольну групу склали особи без МС та з відсутністю СА. Основну групу 1 склали особи з МС та СА з низьким рівнем терапевтичного альянсу. До основної групи 2 включали пацієнтів, які погодились проходити розроблену програму фізичної терапії (високий рівень терапевтичного альянсу) із застосуванням кінезітерапії, масажу, нутрітивної корекції, освіти пацієнта, когнітивного тренінгу та ерготерапії тривалістю 1 рік. Ефективність програми оцінювали за динамікою антропометрії (ріст, маса, індекс маси тіла, обхвати талії та стегон та їх співвідношення) та компонентного складу тіла (вміст жирової, м’язової тканин та води, вісцерального жиру), визначеного методом біоімпедансу.
 Результати. У осіб похилого віку з СА та МС виявлено статистично значуще погіршення антропометричних параметрів (збільшення маси тіла, ІМТ, обхватів талії та стегон, їх співвідношення) та компонентного складу тіла (зменшення м’язової маси та води, збільшення жирової маси та вісцерального жиру) відносно своїх однолітків. Застосування програми фізичної терапії призвело до покращення всіх досліджуваних параметрів у осіб основної групи 2. Низький рівень терапевтичного / реабілітаційного альянсу призвів до незадовільного виконання або невиконання наданих рекомендації пацієнтами, що асоціюється із відсутністю покращення їх стану.
 Висновки. Засоби фізичної терапії доцільно включати в програми реабілітації хворих похилого віку з коморбідною патологією – старечою астенією та метаболічним синдромом для корекції саркопенії та зменшення ризику серцево-судинних ускладнень.

Classification of forest and shrubland vegetation in Mediterranean Turkey

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the main vegetation types of forest and shrubland vegetation at the alliance level in Mediterranean Turkey? What is their syntaxonomical position? Can we integrate them into the European vegetation classification system? Which environmental factors are the main drivers of the floristic differentiation of vegetation types?LocationSouthern and western Turkey.MethodsWe collected 4,717 vegetation plots of forest and shrubland vegetation in Mediterranean Turkey and performed an unsupervised classification of this data set. We described vegetation types based on the classification results, expert knowledge and information from the literature. We defined diagnostic species and prepared distribution maps for each vegetation type. To support the interpretation of the vegetation types, we determined the most important environmental variables using canonical correspondence analysis.ResultsThe studied vegetation was divided into 21 types related to three vegetation belts: (a) thermo‐ and meso‐mediterranean, comprising coniferous (Pinus brutia, Pinus pinea) and sclerophyllous forests, as well as macchia, garrigue and phrygana; (b) supra‐mediterranean, comprising Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana forests, thermophilous deciduous forests dominated by various oak species and Ostrya carpinifolia, and forests dominated by temperate species such as Fagus orientalis; and (c) oro‐mediterranean, comprising forests and shrublands dominated by Abies cilicica, Cedrus libani, Juniperus excelsa and Juniperus communis subsp. nana. Elevation was identified as the main environmental driver of the vegetation pattern. Among climatic variables, the most important are the mean temperatures (annual and of driest, coldest, and warmest quarters), minimum temperature of winter, precipitation of warmest and driest quarters and precipitation seasonality. These factors indicate the decreasing effect of the Mediterranean climate with increasing elevation.ConclusionsThe vegetation of Mediterranean Turkey is arranged along climatic gradients depending on elevation and the distance from the Mediterranean Sea. Most vegetation types in this area correspond to the syntaxa accepted in EuroVegChecklist, while others were described as new.