Level Of Resources Research Articles

A study on the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of water resource–ecology–social economy composite system resilience in the Huaihe River Basin

ABSTRACT Water resources are important supporting elements in the ecological environment and socio-economic system of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comprehensive resilience level of the water resources–ecology–socioeconomic system against external disturbances in the Anhui and Shandong sections of the Huaihe River Basin. The comprehensive index system is constructed with the characteristic dimensions of resistance, resilience, and adaptability. Use the game theory combination weighting-VIKOR method to quantify the resilience level, and use the kernel density analysis and Markov chain to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and transition probability. The results show that (1) the resilience index of the composite system in the Huaihe River Basin shows an increasing trend, and the resilience level of the Anhui section is generally higher than that of the Shandong section. (2) The resilience level gradually evolved into the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north during the study period. (3) The resilience grade has strong robustness, and the probability of transferring to the higher grade is greater than that of transferring to the lower grade.

CarePlus: A general framework for hardware performance counter based malware detection under system resource competition

Hardware performance counter (HPC) has been used for malware detection because of its lightweight overhead. Unfortunately, such detection models including their software implementation and hardware implementation suffer from performance decline in environments where resource competition among programs exists in the operating system. In this paper, we propose a framework called CarePlus, which enables two kinds of implementations of hardware performance counter-based malware detection (HMD) resilient to resource competition. The core idea is to detect malware by using invariants extracted from HPC-level behaviors in resource competition environments. To achieve this, a benchmark-based resource pressure generator is designed to generate controlled resource competition environments for observing typical HPC-level behavior of a program. Then, a behavior representation network is trained to map HPC-level behaviors in any competition environment into low-dimensional representations, which allows software-implemented HMD models built on them to detect malware regardless of resource competition. Finally, an adapter is introduced to project behavior representation in the competition environment into data that conforms to the training distribution of the hardware-implemented HMD model. Using three datasets collected in different application systems (e.g., server or desktop) with different resource competition types or levels, the experimental results show that compared with existing detection models, CarePlus is helpful to improve the performance of software-implemented HMD classifier and hardware-implemented HMD classifier in the competition environment. We also prove that the classifier using CarePlus is insensitive to different application systems. Finally, we demonstrate the computational overhead.

Geochemistry and sources of boron and strontium of geothermal waters from the Pearl River Delta region, South China: Implications for water-rock interactions

Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of South China is abundant of geothermal water resources. However, the development and utilization level of geothermal resources in this region is relatively low, due in part to the lack of fundamental geochemical research. To access water-rock interaction processes of the PRD geothermal system, we analyzed the geochemistry of geothermal waters by combining trace elements (B, Sr, and Br) and isotopes (δ11B and 87Sr/86Sr) with conventional tracers (major elements) that had been reported. The Cl/Br ratios (from 31 to 639) confirm the multi-source salinity of marine origin, precipitation, and a minor dissolution of halite. Major ions chemistry highlights the influence of ions exchange, the dissolution of carbonate, silicate, and sulphate minerals as well as the contribution of seawater. The Cl/B ratios (61 to 22,583) suggest interactions with carbonate rock and felsic rock, input of seawater, and groundwater mixing. Boron isotopic compositions (δ11B) range between −9.22 and +39.78 ‰. Sr contents and 87Sr/86Sr ratios are more homogeneous, falling between 0.06 and 32.26 mg/L and between 0.71239 and 0.72121, respectively. The B and Sr isotopic signatures show that three processes contribute to geochemistry of geothermal waters: 1) water/rock interaction involving marine carbonate rock, evaporite, and granitoid or/and gneiss, 2) seawater intrusion, and 3) shallow groundwater mixing. Major-trace element chemistry and these isotope systematics on their own indicates essential information on the aspects of fluid origin or water-rock interaction processes, and however provide a more comprehensive understanding of the geothermal system in the PRD region, South China.

What Should Healthcare Systems Consider When Modernizing Call Centers? Early Considerations From the Veterans Health Administration.

Growing numbers of hospitals and payers are using call centers to answer patients' clinical and administrative questions, schedule appointments, address billing issues, and offer supplementary care during public health emergencies and national disasters. In 2020, the Veterans Health Administration (VA) implemented VA Health Connect, an enterprise-wide initiative to modernize call centers. VA Health Connect is designed to improve the care experience with the convenience, flexibility, and simplicity of a single toll-free number connected to a range of 24/7 virtual services. The services are organized into four areas: administrative guidance for scheduling and general inquiries; pharmacy support for medication matters; clinical triage for evaluation of symptoms and recommended care; and virtual visits with providers for urgent and episodic care. Through a qualitative evaluation of VA Health Connect, we sought to identify the factors that affected the development of this program and to compile considerations to support the implementation of other enterprise-wide initiatives. The evaluation team interviewed 29 clinical and administrative leads from across the VA. These leads were responsible for the modernization of their local service networks. PhD-level qualitative methodologists conducted the interviews, asking participants to reflect on barriers and facilitators to modernization and implementation. The team employed a rapid qualitative analytic approach commonly used in healthcare research to distill robust results. A review of the early implementation of VA Health Connect found: (1) deadlines proved challenging but provided momentum for the initiative; (2) a balance between standardized processes and local adaptations facilitated implementation; (3) attention to staffing, hiring, and training of call center staff before implementation expedited workflows; (4) establishing national and local leadership commitment to the innovation from the onset increased team cohesion and efficacy; and (5) anticipating information technology infrastructure needs prevented delays to modernization and implementation. Our findings suggest that healthcare systems would benefit from anticipating likely obstacles (e.g., delays in software implementations and negotiations with unions), thus providing ample time to secure leadership buy-in and identify local champions, communicating early and often, and supporting flexible implementation to meet local needs. VA leadership can use this evaluation to refine implementation, and it could also have important implications for regulators, federal health exchanges, insurers, and other healthcare systems when determining resource levels for call centers.

ANALISIS DURASI DAN BIAYA DENGAN METODE RESOURCES LEVELING PADA PEMBANGUNAN BALAI SERBAGUNA BANJAR WONGAYA BETAN TABANAN

In the Multipurpose Hall Advanced Development project in Banjar Wongaya Betan, Tabanan Regency, there was an overall allocation of human resources which caused a mismatch between plans and realization in the field, where implementation experienced delays in the 6th, 7th, and 8th weeks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a human resource leveling method to minimize deviations between needs and the availability of existing human resources, namely by Resources Leveling using the help of Microsoft Office Project 2019. The Resources Leveling method is carried out by shifting non-critical activities within the available grace time so that available resources are not overloaded. This research aims to analyze the duration of activities and costs required for the project through descriptive research methods with a quantitative approach and using secondary data sources from the implementing contractor, namely CV. Sustainable Gold. Based on the analysis results, it was found that the number of human resources that were initially overallocated could be optimized after the leveling process was carried out using the resource leveling method with Microsoft Office Project 2019. The leveling process affected the project duration, from 90 days to 103 days. This is because of max. units of labor that the contractor is able to provide cannot meet the max. units required for project implementation. Meanwhile, the cost of human resources required is not affected by the leveling process, namely, it still costs IDR 71,981,700.

Release from aboveground enemies increases seedling survival in grasslands

Abstract Plant enemies can influence plant community assembly and structure. However, it is unclear how insect herbivores and fungal pathogens affect seedling recruitment. Complex interactions with competition and resource availability make it difficult to isolate the effect of enemies. This uncertainty can impede understanding of community assembly drivers, species coexistence and trophic interactions; and limits hypothesis testing such as of the enemy release hypothesis, a key hypothesis in invasion biology. Using a novel species‐specific approach, we examine how enemies affect seedling survival and recruitment of 16 grassland species. We planted seedlings of 16 native species from two functional groups (C4 grasses and non‐legume forbs) into two grassland sites (early and mid‐succession). We hand‐painted 1512 individual seedlings with pesticides (insecticide and fungicide) over the course of one growing season to enforce aboveground species‐specific release from enemies and tested whether it enhanced survival relative to untreated controls. Applying treatments to individuals allowed us to test for the effect of enemies on plant performance while controlling for contexts such as competition from the resident community and resource levels. Release from insects increased seedling survival by 56% on average, with no additional benefit of release from fungal pathogens. This effect was observed for both forbs and C4 grasses across both sites and was strongest in resource‐acquisitive species. There was no effect of the mean phylogenetic distance between our target species and the resident plant community, or of light availability or soil moisture. Synthesis. The significant positive effect of release from insect herbivores on survival early in colonisation—a trend that held across functional groups and types of resident community—suggests insects play an important regulatory role in community assembly, especially for resource‐acquisitive species. As variation between species could be explained by traits but not by phylogeny, we emphasise the importance of trait‐based approaches to plant community ecology. Our results also support the key mechanism (increased performance following release from enemies) underlying the enemy release hypothesis. Enemy release may therefore aid initial recruitment of plants during the invasion process.

An Analytical Model of IaaS Architecture for Determining Resource Utilization.

Cloud computing has become a major component of the modern IT ecosystem. A key contributor to this has been the development of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) architecture, in which users' virtual machines (VMs) are run on the service provider's physical infrastructure, making it possible to become independent of the need to purchase one's own physical machines (PMs). One of the main aspects to consider when designing such systems is achieving the optimal utilization of individual resources, such as processor, RAM, disk, and available bandwidth. In response to these challenges, the authors developed an analytical model (the ARU method) to determine the average utilization levels of the aforementioned resources. The effectiveness of the proposed analytical model was evaluated by comparing the results obtained by utilizing the model with those obtained by conducting a digital simulation of the operation of a cloud system according to the IaaS paradigm. The results show the effectiveness of the model regardless of the structure of the emerging requests, the variability of the capacity of individual resources, and the number of physical machines in the system. This translates into the applicability of the model in the design process of cloud systems.

On the Interplay Between Duration of Employment, Relational Quality and Wages—Results About Non-Family Farm Workers in Switzerland

Our knowledge on non-family farm workers has been hampered by a lack of reliable and relevant data. This study tackled this problem by asking Swiss managers of fruit, wine and vegetable farms about their employees. Using a dataset of 921 employees, we explain the duration of the labour contract, the level of wages and the relational quality between employers and workers. The level of wages and other resources like shelter are linked to employment duration but also to social factors like joint social events or the perception of relational quality by employers. Workers with the liberty to allocate their labour time have better relationships with their employers. The best wages are paid to full-time male employees with agricultural education residing in Switzerland. The fact that Swiss citizens receive a significant reduction in their payment compared to foreigners may point to a grey zone between unpaid family labour and market-based employment relations.

A novel composite cloud model-based three-stage evaluation for the spatial equilibrium of water resources in China

The mismatch between water resource conditions and economic and social layout leads to spatial imbalance of water resources, which restricts China's socio-economic development. To quantitatively study the spatial equilibrium of water resources in China, this article proposed a three-stage hybrid model comprising regional assessment, spatiotemporal pattern analysis, and source apportionment. By adopting this approach, the study calculated the SEIWR (Spatial equilibrium index of water resources) and a comprehensive evaluation of the spatial balance level of water resources in China can be conducted. The results showed that (1) from 2008 to 2021, the SEIWR in mainland China had improved as a whole, but the level in Liaoning, Chongqing and other provinces and cities had declined; (2) in China, the SEIWR exhibited a distinct geographic pattern with high levels observed in the eastern and southern regions, while low levels were observed in the western and northern regions. The gap between the east and the west gradually narrowed during the study period. (3) There were zones with obvious differences, showing a certain spatial positive correlation aggregation effect. The central and eastern regions showed a large area of high-high cluster spatial patterns. (4) The SEIWR in East China, South China, and North China was greatly influenced by economic and social indicators. The SEIWR in Northeast and Central China was strongly influenced by ecological environmental indicators, while the SEIWR in Southwest and Northwest China was more influenced by water system indicators. (5) In China, the ecological environment was strongly influenced by economic and social conditions. The above research results help decision-makers understand the SEIWR in different regions and the key factors that affect such level, which help them develop measures tailored to local conditions so that all regions can improve their SEIWR.

Long-Acting Injectable ART in Practice: A Mixed Methods Implementation Study Assessing the Feasibility of Using LAI ART in High Risk Populations and At Alternative Low Barrier Care Sites.

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the potential to change the lives of people living with HIV (PLWH). To ensure equitable access to new treatment modalities, we examined the feasibility and acceptability of administering Cabotegravir Rilpivirine Long Acting (CAB/RPV LA) to individuals who experience challenging social determinants of health (SDoH) and struggle with adherence to traditional oral ART. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to assess feasibility of utilizing ART at alternative clinic. Data were collected on individuals eligible to receive CAB/RPV LA at an alternative street-based clinic and on individuals receiving CAB/RPV LA at a traditional HIV clinic. After 6 months, participants were interviewed about their experience. Providers involved in the implementation were also interviewed about their experiences. Only one participant (out of 5) who received CAB/RPV LA at the alternative clinic received consistent treatment, whereas 17 out of 18 participants receiving CAB/RPV LA at the traditional clinic site were adherent. Participants and providers believed that LAI had potential for making treatment adherence easier, but identified several barriers, including discrepancies between patients' desires and their lifestyles, impact of LAI on interactions with the medical system, risk of resistance accompanying sub-optimal adherence, and need for a very high level of resources. While LAI has major potential benefits for high-risk patients, these benefits must be balanced with the complexities of implementation. Despite challenges that impacted study outcomes, improving treatment outcomes for PLWH requires addressing SDoH and substance use.

An Analysis of the Readability of Online Sarcoidosis Resources.

Introduction Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in multiple organ systems. The presentation can vary widely; although some patients with sarcoidosis can be asymptomatic, sarcoidosis can also present in others with symptomatic multiorgan system involvement. Considering the potential severity of the disease, patients need to be well-informed about sarcoidosis to better manage their health. This study aims to assess the readability levels of online resources about sarcoidosis. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study. The term "sarcoidosis" was searched online using both Google and Bing to find websites written in English. Each website was categorized by type: academic, commercial, government, nonprofit, and physician. The readability scores for each website were calculated using six different readability tests: the Flesch-Kincaid reading ease (FKRE), Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL), Gunning fog score (GFS), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), automated readability index (ARI), and Coleman-Liau index (CLI). FKRE gives a score that corresponds to the difficulty of the text, while the remaining tests give a score that corresponds to a grade level in terms of reading ability. A one-sample t-test was used to compare all test scores with the national recommended standard of a sixth-grade reading level. Our null hypothesis was that the readability scores of the websites searched would not differ statistically significantly from the sixth-grade reading level and that there would be no significant differences across website categories. To evaluate the difference between the categories of websites, ANOVA testing was used. Results Thirty-four websites were analyzed. Each of the six readability tests for the websites had an average score, which corresponded to being significantly harder to read than the nationally recommended sixth-grade reading level (p<0.001). None of the mean readability scores showed a statistically significant difference across the five different website categories. Conclusions This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine the readability of online English resources on sarcoidosis and calculate standardized readability scores for them. It implies that the online English material for sarcoidosis is above the health literacy recommended reading levels for patients. There is a need to simplify the material to be easier to read for patients.

Contextual and personal resources in unemployed job search: An intra‐individual perspective

AbstractDrawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory and the equifinality principle, we challenge the prominent “the‐more‐resources‐the‐better” understanding by examining both the additive and interactive effects of contextual (i.e., networking behaviors and social support) and personal (i.e., job search self‐efficacy) resources on job seeking. Specifically, based on COR theory's resource gain corollary, we propose that higher levels of each resource are positively related to job search intensity and the number of interviews obtained (an additive effect). However, based on the equifinality principle that various resources can contribute to the same goal, we propose that each type of resource can compensate for low levels of the other (an interactive effect). In a four‐wave study following 89 unemployed job seekers over 6 months, we find positive intra‐individual relationships between networking behaviors and job search self‐efficacy with job search intensity. We find that networking behaviors and job search self‐efficacy are also positively related to the number of job interviews obtained and indirectly related through job search intensity for networking behaviors. In line with our predictions, high levels of either networking behaviors or job search self‐efficacy compensate for low levels of the other resource when predicting job search intensity and the number of interviews obtained.

When humor masks abuse: employee responses to abusive supervision through the lens of relational energy

PurposeDrawing on conservation of resources theory, this study aims to develop a resource-based model depicting a decreased level of psychological resourcefulness – relational energy, as a novel explanatory mechanism that accounts for the harm of abusive supervision, and we further investigate the role of leader humor as a boundary condition.Design/methodology/approachWe applied multilevel path analysis to test our hypotheses with three-time-point survey data collected from 226 supervisor-employee dyads in a telecommunication company in China across six months.FindingsOur results show that abusive supervision is negatively related to employee relational energy, leading to a subsequent decline in employee job performance. The predictions of the depleting effects get alleviated by leader humor.Practical implicationsThis study foregrounds the importance of employee relationship management in the workplace and reveals that some abusive supervisors may manage to sustain employee performance and relational energy by using humor in their interactions, which necessitates immediate intervention.Originality/valueThese findings offer novel insights into the deleterious impact of abusive supervision by demonstrating the critical role of relational energy in dyadic interactions. We also reveal the potential dark side of leader humor in the context of abuse in the workplace.

An empirical assessment of the use of an algorithm factory for video delivery operations.

Video service providers are moving from focusing on Quality of Service (QoS) to Quality of Experience (QoE) in their video networks since the users' demand for high-quality video content is continually growing. By focusing on QoE, video service providers can provide their subscribers with a more personalized and engaging experience, which can help increase viewer satisfaction and retention. This focus shift requires not only a more sophisticated approach to network management and new tools and technologies to measure and optimize QoE in their networks but also a novel approach to video delivery operations. This paper describes the components, interactions, and relationships of an algorithm factory for video delivery operation that assures high QoE for video streaming services. The paper also showcases the results of gradually implementing an algorithm factory in the video industry. Using a dataset from 2016 to 2022, we present the case of a European PayTV service provider that achieved improved performance measured by both objective and subjective metrics. The use of an algorithm factory significantly improved the PayTV service provider's performance. The study found a fivefold increase in the speed of critical incident resolution and a 59% reduction in the number of critical incidents, all while expanding the customer base and maintaining the same level of labor resources. The case also demonstrates a strong positive relation between the productivity measures of the PayTV operator and their survey-based quality ratings. These results underscore the importance of flawless QoS and operational excellence in delivering QoE to meet the evolving demands of viewers. The paper adds to the existing literature on relationships between operational efficiency, innovation, and subjective quality. The paper further offers empirical evidence from the PayTV industry. The insights provided are expected to benefit both traditional and over-the-top (OTT) video service providers in their quest to stay ahead in the rapidly evolving video industry. It may also translate to other service providers in similar industries committed to supporting high-quality service delivery.

Factors impeding physical activity in older hospitalised patients: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

Older hospitalised patients have low levels of physical activity and multiple impairing factors. To systematically evaluate the perceived barriers to physical activity among older patients during hospitalisation, and provide reference for future intervention programs. Following ENTREQ, do a systematic evaluation and synthesis of qualitative investigations. An exhaustive exploration was conducted across the CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from their inception until August, 2023 to identify qualitative research on obstacles to physical activity among older hospital patients. The quality of the literature was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool for qualitative research. Meta-synthesis method was used to integrate the results. In total, 8 literatures were included, 43 themes were extracted, and analogous research results were amalgamated to generate 10 categories and 3 syntheses: individual level, interpersonal influencing factors and hospital environment and resources level. Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity. Medical staff should pay attention to changes in physical activity during hospitalisation, identify barriers to physical activity in older inpatients and provide references for promoting physical activity programs for the older. This study is a meta-synthesis and does not require relevant contributions from patients or the public. Older patients are at low physical activity levels during hospitalisation. Older inpatients are faced with multiple barriers to physical activity. Factors of physical activity impairment in hospitalised older patients should be considered in the context of health status, psychological factors, motivation and social support. Disease-induced psychological fallout has a greater impact on physical activity in the older.

Numerosity comparison, cognitive strategies, and general cognitive functioning in older people.

Studies have shown age-related differences in numerical cognition, for example, in the level of numerosity comparison ability. Moreover, some studies point out individual differences in the cognitive strategies employed during the performance of numerosity comparison tasks and reveal that they are related to the aging process. One probable cause of these differences is the level of cognitive functioning. The aim of our study was to determine the relationships among numerosity comparison ability, the cognitive strategies utilized in the performance of numerosity comparison tasks and the general cognitive functioning in older people. Forty-seven elderly people participated in the study. The participants were examined using overall cognitive functioning scales and computerized numerosity comparison task. The results showed many correlations between the participants' level of cognitive functioning and the percent of correct responses (PCR) and response time (RT) during numerosity comparison, as well as with the cognitive strategies applied by the participants. Task correctness was positively related to the level of performance in the attention and executive function tasks. In contrast, the long-term memory resources index and visuospatial skills level were negatively correlated with RT regarding numerosity comparison task performance. The level of long-term memory resources was also positively associated with the frequency of use of more complex cognitive strategies. Series of regression analyses showed that both the level of general cognitive functioning and the cognitive strategies employed by participants in numerosity comparison can explain 9-21 percent of the variance in the obtained results. In summary, these results showed significant relationships between the level of cognitive functioning and proficiency in numerosity comparison measured in older people. Moreover, it has been shown that cognitive resources level is related to the strategies utilized by older people, which indicates the potential application for cognitive strategy examinations in the development of new diagnostic tools.

Quality adjustment and analysis of human resource prices in China: Based on a hedonic price model.

The competition in the world has shifted from natural resources and capital resources to human resources. The human resources have become the real power source of the economic growth. Firstly, the price of human resources in China is calculated. Secondly, in order to measure the human resources quality adjustment index, the indicators system is constructed. Third, the Hedonic method is used to calculate the human resources "pure price" of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China. The "pure price" has no the factor of human resources quality. Lastly, comparing the price of human resources before and after quality adjustment. The results show that: first, the number of human resources in China increased continuously during 1995-2015 and decreased during 2016-2020. Second, the price of nominal human resources in China keeps rising. In 2020, the nominal price is 39,087 yuan per person which is 15.44 times as many as in 1995. Thirdly, after the quality adjustment, the price of human resources has decreased significantly. The multiple between the actual and nominal price of human resources is between 1.75 and 2.12. Fourthly, the province with high human resource quality adjustment index generally have high quality human resource level or quantity. Fifth, the top five provinces of actual human resource prices are Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong, Tianjin, Zhejiang, the bottom five provinces are Guizhou, Yunnan, Henan, Xizang, Gansu. Finally, the paper puts forward some policy recommendations: Improving the data collection mechanism of human resources accounting to provide a basic guarantee for the accurate accounting of human resources. Improving the price of human resources in the central and western regions to attract the talents to transfer to the central and western regions. Enhancing the skills training of human resources to improve the quality of human resources in the western region.

Time-Space Evolution and Drivers of CO2 Emissions from Land Utilization in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020

One of the key elements influencing carbon emissions is changes in land use, which affects the roles of carbon sources and sinks. We calculated the carbon emissions from land use in Xinjiang, constructed a Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model (GTWR), and investigated the spatio-temporal evolutionary trajectory and heterogeneity of carbon emissions based on the land use data of three periods from 2000 to 2020 and the socio-economic and energy data of the same period. The results show the following: ① in Xinjiang, the area of water, forests, grasslands, and idle land declined between 2000 and 2020, while the area of construction and agricultural land increased; ② Xinjiang’s land-use-related carbon emissions are rising annually. The primary driver of this expansion is the region’s growing area of construction land; ③ the degree of economic development, the amount of land used for building, and the degree of urbanization are the primary factors influencing carbon emissions in Xinjiang; and ④ In Xinjiang, there is a clear spatial heterogeneity in the factors that influence carbon emissions. Additionally, different influencing factors have different effects on emissions, depending on the region and stage of development, indicating that the level of resources and the region’s economic center of gravity have different effects on emissions.

Analisis Realiasi Penerimaan Program Bantuan Pemerintah terhadap Kemiskinan di Desa Lumban Tobing, Kecamatan Doloksanggul

Lumban Tobing Village, Doloksanggul District is located in North Sumatra Province which is the capital of Humbang Hasundutan Regency in Indonesia. The variations quality of life conditions in Lumbang Tobing Village causes variations in poverty conditions in this area. This research aims to determine the condition of poverty in Lumban Tobing Village and formulate a comprehensive poverty program hatching program in Lumban Tobing Village. The method used in this research is descriptive research using a qualitative approach. By using as many as 19 family cards, subjects or as many as 254 families receiving aid were recorded. Research conditions show that poverty conditions in Lumban Tobing Village vary due to different livelihoods, age levels of household heads and limited human resources. The method of poverty in question is the provision of subsidy program assistance in the form of BLT, BST, BPNT, PHK and basic food supplies.

Assessing the Economic Value of Copper Mineral Resources in Ta Phoi Area, Lao Cai Province

Copper ore is one of the minerals that play an important role in the economic development of Lao Cai province. However, this is a non-renewable resource with high risk and great environmental impact in the mining process. Therefore, it is necessary to study and evaluate the economic value of mineral resources, creating a basis for planning the process of exploration, exploitation, rational use of resources, and environmental protection. This paper evaluates the economic value of mineral resources using resource assessment techniques. The total reserves and identified resources are 21,473 thousand tons of ore, corresponding to 160,278 tons of copper. In the case of using level 122 reserves, the identified resources is 16,412 thousand tons of ore, corresponding to 129,433 tons of copper. The forecasted resources are approximately 41,050 thousand tons of ore, which is equivalent to 198,235 tons of copper. The accompanying minerals, with a resource level 333, include 6.34 tons of gold (Au) and 24.39 tons of silver (Ag). The results show that copper content in the area is varied from 0.01% to 9.18% with an average of 1.50%, and the ore grade is changed from poor to medium. The distribution of copper ores is relatively uniform to very uneven, with the largest concentration found in the Ta Phoi area. The calculated potential recovery value (GTNth) and unit area value (URV) of copper minerals in the study area are substantial, with the highest URV is observed in the Ta Phoi area and the lowest one is obtained in the Coc San area. During the extraction process, the investor should consider recovering accompanying elements such as gold and silver to enhance the mine's economic value.