Level Of Innovative Development Research Articles

Accumulation of intellectual and technological potential of the industrial company on the basis of digital twins

The purpose of the study is to reveal the prerequisites for the accumulation of intellectual and technological potential of an industrial company based on digital twins. The article discusses the application of digital twin technology in industry. The scientific novelty lies in the substantiation of the definition of intellectual potential in terms of creative and professional components in the context of digital provision of jobs in the course of the use of digital twin technology, which will allow accumulating the positive experience and technological potential of the company. As a result, the components of intellectual and technological potential in ensuring productivity growth and competitive advantages of industrial companies have been identified. The level of innovative development and the dynamics of developed advanced production technologies in Russia have been investigated.

Analysis of the Innovative Potential of Russian Border Regions

In the article the innovative potential of the region is interpreted on the basis of the resource approach. The authors generalized the approaches to its assessment and concluded that there is no universal method for measuring the innovative potential of the region, because the components of the innovative potential and the sets of indicators that determine them are not well-established. The assessment mechanism also varies. The objective of the article is to assess the innovative potential of the border regions of Russia, which together form a fairly high contribution to the economic indicators of the country’s development. At the same time, as the calculation showed, the border regions play a predominant role in the formation of an imbalance in regional development. Therefore, the assessment and improvement of the innovative potential of border regions plays an important role in leveling the country’s economic development. The authors proposed a methodology for assessing the innovative potential of the border region, in which, in contrast to the existing approaches, the contact potential of the region is highlighted. Contact potential allows taking into account the level of innovative development and urbanization of neighboring regions. As a result of approbation of the author’s methodology, five Russian border regions (which is 10 percent of their total number) have been identified with high innovation potential. Almost 60 percent of border regions have low innovation potential. The conclusions made in the article can be used to clarify and formulate strategic plans for regional development.

Budget funds for financing investments in innovative development of the region (on the example of the Central Black Earth Region)

The strategic factor for economic growth of the Russian regions is the activation of innovative processes. The problem of increasing innovative activity has been particularly acute in recent years due to the unfolding crisis and extended restrictions on the budget expenditures. The goal of this article consists in the analysis of indicators of innovative activity, and assessment of the impact of budget investments in fixed capital upon the indicators of innovative process in the Central Black Earth Region. The analysis employs the available statistical data on financing of investment processes and results of innovative activity in the Russian Federation, Central Federal District, and Central Black Earth Region. The research relies on the system approach, economic-statistical, logical and expert methods of analysis. The conducted analysis reveals the insufficient level of innovative development in all six zones of the Central Black Earth Region. The innovative processes in the Central Black Earth Region are characterized by low output of innovative products and investment in research and development. The dynamics of innovative processes in the region is of differential nature. There are substantial interregional differences in the indicator values of the expenditures for research and development, and innovation activity, as well as the volatility of indicators of production of innovative goods and services. The clear outsider in the Central Black Earth Region in the Oryol Oblast. The author formulates recommendations that can be used by the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in elaboration of state support measures for innovative activity in the Central Black Earth Region aimed at acceleration of their economic development.

Updating and methodological research of the construction complex (a review)

The purpose of the research is to summarize the experience in updating and methodological research of the building complex. The scientific novelty of the results of the performed review consists in formulating the features of construction as a key branch of the economy, defining the concept and structure of the building complex; analysis of the current state of the building complex. Construction has specific features that distinguish it from other branches of material production. The location of the construction complex is extremely uneven, due to the economic development of the state territory. Perspective in the construction complex should be considered: construction technological clusters, uniting the production link of the construction complex; construction economic clusters developing due to groupings of industrial and economic companies within the framework of investment and construction projects; construction of economic sub-clusters that unite the private and public sectors on the basis of common interests. The main factors influencing the level of innovative development of the investment and construction complex of the region are factors of the business climate and personnel policy; strong correlations between indicators of the economic environment in the investment and construction complex.

Impact Of The Foreign Direct Investment Inflow On The Export Growth Of The Visegrad Group Countries

The inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) is one of the key factors leading to the economic growth and the introduction of high technologies, job creation, advanced training of the workforce. The role of FDI in international competitiveness growth of countries of the Visegrad Group (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary) is evaluated in the article. Results of the empirical estimations fully confirm the positive impact of FDI inflow on exports growth of all the Visegrad Group countries. Moreover, the structure of exports of goods has changed; the share of capital-intensive engineering products has grown. At the same time, the level of innovation development of national economies is still comparatively low in the region. The share of medium- and high-tech goods in the structure of national production is below the EU average. That`s why the further growth of the international competitiveness of the Visegrad Group countries as well as the positive impact of FDI on the structure and dynamics of their international trade can only be achieved if the transition to a knowledge-based economy of the countries will be continued, which will lead to the increase in the share of high-tech industries in the national production.

Determinants of innovative development on the example of Kazakhstan

PurposeAlthough many studies explored the drivers of innovative development and the innovation performance of different countries, very few studies looked at the association of the country’s GII score with the qualitative indicators of innovation performance. The purpose of this paper is to contribute such an investigation by looking at the Republic of Kazakhstan (79th in 2019 GII ranking).Design/methodology/approachThis study looks at eight dynamic variables, among which one dependent (the GII score) and seven independent (R&D spending, innovation grants, the total cost of innovative goods and services, the percentage of innovative organizations, the share of innovative goods and services in gross domestic product (GDP) and the number of R&D staff and R&D institutions) variables associated with innovation performance. Changes in variables were tracked over the period from 2010 to 2018..FindingsThe study found that the Kazakhstan’s GII score was reliant on variables, such as the percentage of innovative organizations, the value of innovative goods and services as a share of GDP, R&D spending and the cost of innovative goods and services. At the same time, the number of R&D institutions, innovation grants and number of R&D staff had no substantial impact on the GII score of Kazakhstan.Originality/valueUsing the proposed approach, this study proved that factors, which have no direct association with the country’s level of innovative development expressed in GII, could have a significant synergistic impact on this indicator.

Impact of healthcare innovation on the population’s well-being in Russia

The article is devoted to the study of innovative activity in healthcare and its impact on the welfare of Russia’s population, depending on the respondents’ region of residence. Inclusion of various components of the population’s well-being is based on the author’s algorithm for calculating the composite index which includes 21 indicators within 5 sub-indices. To test the hypothesis about the presence of a statistically significant relationship between the level of development of innovations in healthcare and the well-being of the population, as well as in order to highlight innovative factors that affect the well-being of the population, the classical econometric tools and machine learning methods are considered. It allows choosing the most accurate model to describe the studied process and identifying the hidden links between the well-being of the regional population in Russia and their innovative activity. The results of evaluating different models made it possible to choose the Random Forest Regression algorithm in favor of compared Linear Regression Model and the Gradient Boosting Regression technique using control on deferred data. The obtained results of the work can be used in monitoring the state and level of innovative development of the healthcare sector at various levels, in the development of regional and municipal projects and programs to improve the healthcare system.

Comprehensive assessment of the level of innovative development of the enterprise

This article examines a comprehensive assessment of the level of innovative development of an enterprise. A number of indicators are proposed that allow one to evaluate and determine the necessary innovative directions and formulas for their calculation. The list of characterizing indicators (such as an increase in the coefficient of the level of innovative renewal of the active part of fixed assets, a decrease in the coefficient of the level of the duration of one complete turnover of working capital, an increase in the coefficient of the level of labor productivity (output), an increase in the rate of return on wages, a decrease in the rate of current costs per unit of marketable output, an increase in the rate of product quality, the rate of costs for ensuring a high level of quality, the rate of cost of rejected products, the rate of return on assets, renewal coefficient, duration of one full turnover in days, turnover ratio of working capital, annual output of one worker in monetary terms, labor intensity of a unit of production, indicator of total costs of production resources per unit of manufactured commodity product, coefficient of profitability (profitability) of products, indicator of profitability of own capital investments , payback period of own capital investments) allows to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the level of innovative development of the enterprise and determine the necessary innovative directions. The competitiveness of an enterprise is a complex system of innovative technical and economic means of effective (economical and rational) use of production potential and production resources, provides a high level of quality, self-sufficiency and self-financing, profitability and profitability, as well as an advantage over competitors in technical and technological terms. One of the main factors in the economic provision of the level of competitiveness of the enterprise is the appropriate provision of a high level of product quality.

LEGAL REGULATION DEVELOPING REGIONAL INNOVATION CLUSTERS IN THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN UKRAINE

The need to increase the autonomy of Ukraine’s financial system makes it advisable to undertake a series of activities aimed at consolidation of the banking system, development of the non-banking financial institution’s sector, increasing public and business confidence in the country’s financial sector. The formation of regional innovation clusters in the financial sector is seen as a major measure of improving the financial system’s condition. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to develop a system of directions for improving the legal regulation of the formation and development of regional innovation clusters in the financial sector of Ukraine. In the article, a system of indicators for determining financial clusters in the regions of Ukraine is determined using the method of expert assessments. 20 experts from the regional offices of the Ministry of Communities and Territories of Ukraine were experts. The basic methods of the research were clustering methods and Kohonen maps, on the basis of which associations (clusters) of objects (regions) by the level of innovative activity in the financial sphere of Ukraine were selected. According to the results of the Kohonen map, according to the indicators of 2018, for all administrative and territorial units of Ukraine 4 clusters were determined according to the level of innovative development of the financial sector. The feasibility of creating innovative clusters was assessed by calculating the synergistic effect, where the gross regional product (GRP) of the administrative-territorial unit was used as the resultant indicator. With the help of the production function, the priority of influence of indicators of activity of financial clusters of synergetic effect on GRP of the administrative-territorial unit was empirically established. Multivariate regression analysis was used to solve the production function in the study. Regression models for cost-effectiveness assessment have been developed to create regional innovation clusters of the financial sector in Ukraine. Economically advantageous, which brings a synergistic effect to the development of regions innovative financial clusters have been identified. The main gaps in the regulatory regulation of the formation and development of regional innovation clusters in the financial sector of Ukraine are substantiated. The system of measures for improvement of regulatory legal regulation of development of regional innovative clusters of the financial sector is substantiated and presented. The practical implementation of the results of the scientific research will help to create qualitatively new integration associations of financial and credit institutions, the purpose of which is to develop new financial instruments and new schemes for financial transactions in Ukraine.

Tax incentives for innovation in the context of macroeconomic stability: an analysis of causality

The article deals with the topical issue of R&D tax incentives and their impact on the level of innovation development and macroeconomic stability. The research is based on causality analysis and estimation of the strength, time lags and directions of mutual influence of R&D tax incentives and macro indicators. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving this problem indicates that R&D tax incentives are studied in fragments in the context of macroeconomic stability. The research's main purpose is to improve the methodological bases of substantiation of the choice of relevant instruments of innovation stimulation considering causal relations of R&D tax incentives and macro indicators. The paper presents the results of dynamic analysis of R&D tax incentives in 13 European countries, for which OECD statistics for 2007-2017 are freely available. The significance, strength, and nature of the relationship between these indicators and the following macro indicators are determined: the level of the country's innovation development, the share of investment in GDP (in general and in the corporate sector in particular), net international investment position, the share of the business sector in the cost structure of R&D. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated depending on the variable subordination to the law of normal distribution (verified by the Shapiro – Wilk test) on the admissible calculation interval taking into account time lags from 0 years to 3 years. The causality of the studied indicators was established using the Granger causality test. The calculations are important for the prioritization of instruments for the implementation of innovation support. The highest priority should be given to the establishment of tax incentives for R&D, as this tool's impact on all studied macro indicators in most countries was direct. Its effect was manifested in the shortest possible time (with a lag of 0-3 years). The second priority should be given to setting hidden rates of business tax subsidies on R&D, as this indicator's impact on most of the studied indicators was statistically significant and direct with a time lag of 0–3 years. The paper substantiates the inefficiency of direct public financial support, as the impact of this indicator on most of the analyzed macro-indicators was reversed with a lag of 0–2 years. Thus, it is more expedient for the state to help entrepreneurs by providing tax benefits to provide innovation development and macro stability than through direct reimbursement of costs. Moreover, lag regression models were built for those countries where identified links were the most important (Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the Czech Republic). They take into account inflation rates and interest rates on long-term liabilities and the number of labour resources in the country as control variables.

Neural network modeling of innovative development of JSC «Ukrtransnaft»

Methods. The following methods were used in the research: analysis and synthesis – to set the problem of neural network modeling of the level of innovative development of economic entities and the selection of its stages; methods of generalization and grouping – in the formation of a system of individual indicators to determine the level of innovative development; multilayer perceptron training method – to characterize the operation of the neural network. Results. The article considers the possibility of applying the method of forecasting the level of innovative development of enterprises of the oil transportation complex with the use of neural network modeling. The problem of neural network modeling of the level of innovative development of economic entities is set, and its six stages are defined: formation of a system of indicators of the level of innovative development, preliminary data processing, neural network formation, neural network training and result. There has been formed a system of individual indicators for determining the level of innovative development by production, personnel, financial and property components. These indicators are used to build a neural network. There are specific limitations that characterize the learning of the neural network and distinguish it from the general optimization problems: astronomical number of parameters, the need for high parallelism in learning, multicriteria of problems, the need to find an area in which the values of all minimized functions are close to minimum. The advantages and disadvantages of neural network forecasting of the level of innovative development of enterprises are determined. Novelty. An algorithm for forecasting the level of innovative development of oil transportation enterprises using neural network modeling is proposed. A system of individual indicators for determining the level of innovative development by production, personnel, financial and property components has been formed. Practical value. The results of the study have theoretical and practical value, as they allow the use of neural network modeling to predict the level of innovative development of enterprises.

Management of innovation development: critical evaluation of the international economic relations

The problem of the geopolitical stability of the country has always been the basis of sustainable economic development. CIS countries and their closest neighbours are the international centres where important transport and communication routes from Asia to Europe intersect. They have a wide range of various raw material reserves, which focuses the world community's attention and builds a separate vector of economic relations. The transformation processes that have taken place in recent years in countries have been due to scientific and technological progress, the intensity of global innovation, and globalization trends, which encourage the country to move to a new level of development. This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the place and prospects of CIS countries' international economic position in the formation of the basis for innovative development. The main purpose of the study is to confirm the hypothesis about the functional links between foreign trade and investment activities of countries and the level of innovative development of the country according to the level of economical development. The study's methodological tools were the methods of correlation-regression analysis and simultaneous structural equations, which allow formalizing both explicit and latent relationships between the studied objects. The study period was chosen from 2011 to 2018 because of statistical data availability. In this regard, the array of input data is presented in the form of regressors which identify the level of innovation development countries and three dependent variables (regressands) which indicate the dynamics of foreign trade turnover, doing business and total internal economic conditions. Besides, the variables from each defined block participate as both dependent and independent variables during the construction of the structural model. The results of the study could be useful for The Innovation Agencies, which are established under the Ministry of Transport, Communications and High Technologies of these countries that assist local business entities in acquiring modern technologies and technological solutions

Взаимосвязь между сложностью экспорта и уровнем экономического развития в разных типах регионов России

Economic complexity, according to the results of various studies at the country level, can be used as an indicator of economic development: more developed countries usually have a higher level of economic complexity. For Russian regions, the relationship between economic complexity, the level of innovative development and investment attractiveness is also revealed. This paper identifies the correlation between the complexity of export and the level of economic development for Russian regions and their separated more homogeneous groups. The results obtained by the author for regions of Russia contradict the rule identified for countries. For all Russian regions, there is a slight inverse correlation between the complexity of export and the value of per capita GRP. A slight positive correlation was found only for regions with a low export-to-GRP ratio and a high level of economic complexity. Such results are explained by the simple structure of Russian export, because of this the main recipients of export income are regions with a lower level of economic complexity — mainly oil and gas producing regions, as well as capitals that act as intermediaries.

Кластеризація світової економіки в умовах техноглобалізму

The article presents a cluster analysis of 100 countries of the world according to international rating indicators of socio-economic development: global innovation index; education index; human development index; global competitiveness index; ease of doing business index. The author highlights the main features of cluster analysis of the world by means of STATISTICA according to the above indicators. The study substantiates the assignment of countries to each of the above clusters due to the averaging of the level and value of each of the indices, which serve as the methodological basis for the study. The first group of countries (follower countries) is characterized by a fairly low level of human development, which leads to a fairly low level of innovation development. The second group of countries (trendsetters) includes countries whose indicators are not the highest, but sufficient to establish common examples to follow or take into account their socio-economic and innovation policies in countries with less developed economic and social life. The third group of countries (donor countries) is characterized by a fairly simplified business environment, low innovation potential. The fourth group of countries (innovators) is characterized by the highest level of innovation development, education index and human development.

Methodology for assessing the effectiveness of innovative development of personnel in the agro-industrial complex

In the article developed a system of indicators that characterize the intensive development of trends and factors in the development of personnel of agricultural enterprises, on the basis of which the level of innovative development is assessed. The author identified the strengths and weaknesses of agro-industrial complex enterprises on the basis of a SWOT analysis, based on the results of the analysis, the main directions for improving the efficiency of personnel management at the selected enterprises were determined.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯОБРАБАТЫВАЮЩИХ ОТРАСЛЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ

The emergence of innovative technologies in industry has made a revolution that has contributed to a change in the production and logistics infrastructure, the structure of auxiliary and service subsystems. At the same time, innovative and technological development takes place within the framework of modern trends and concepts, such as Industry 4.0 and digitalization. The important thing here is the creation of smart industries that form their own innovation infrastructure, research program and technology development. Smart factories will integrate the entire supply chain into a single information system, which will be managed using intelligent information technologies. In this connection, it is necessary to assess the level of innovative development of industries within the framework of the Industry 4.0 concept, which includes indicators of innovative activity of enterprises, development and implementation of production technologies, investments in modernization and the purchase of new equipment. The purpose of the article is to identify trends and predict the innovative and technological development of manufacturing enterprises. Achievement of this goal presupposes the solution of the following tasks: study of modern domestic and foreign experience in the innovative development of industrial enterprises; diagnostics of indicators of innovative and technological development by industry; grouping industries by level of development using cluster analysis methods; forecasting trends in the development of manufacturing industries for the future. The article uses methods of descriptive statistics, applied methods of cluster analysis and forecasting methods. The infrastructure for innovative, smart factories and industries is yet to be created. The potential and opportunities for their creation are currently different for each type of production activity. Assessment of the level of innovative development for various types of manufacturing industry can become an effective tool for making management decisions at the state level.

Regional innovation systems efficiency analyses and evaluation: DEA approach implementation

The innovative transformation is a necessary condition for sustainable economic development. The study reveals an assessment and comparative analysis of the Regional Innovation Systems’ (RIS) performance in the Russian Federation using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The DEA model under the Variable Return to Scale (VRS) assumption, focused on output parameters, is used to estimate the relative technical efficiency of regions based on several input and output parameters. Based on the obtained results, a rating of regions was compiled: four groups of regions were identified depending on their technical efficiency level. It was revealed that the leading regions by innovative development level are assessed by the DEA somewhat differently. A comparative analysis of the innovation systems performance at the regional and federal levels allowed us to identify the most and least effective subjects of the Russian Federation, federal districts and economic regions. The main conclusion is that less than a third of the Russian regions use their production capabilities as efficient as possible, the remaining regions can significantly improve the way they use the available resources. The results of the study might be used in making managerial decisions at the country, federal districts and regions levels in order to develop measures and mechanisms for improving the efficiency of regional innovation systems.

Innovative Factors of Sustainable Development of Regions of Kazakhstan

The article discusses the formation of a rating as a strategic planning tool in order to develop a set of measures to overcome regional inequality, equalize the levels of social-and-economic development and living standards of the population of the regions of Kazakhstan. Based on the data of the Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, indicators of region innovative developments of Kazakhstan were analyzed and calculated. The factors of the level of innovative activity are revealed. Based on them, groups of regions with a high, medium, below average and very low innovative development level were identified. There is a close relationship between the innovative development level and the rate of economic growth. On the one hand, the dynamics of economic growth requires innovation. On the other hand, innovation is the basis for increasing the competitiveness of the country and regions.

Regional features of innovative development and differentiation of directions of innovation policy of Russia

In our manuscript we have made an attempt to study specific sides of Russian Federation's innovative development, analyze its impact in economy growth and provide main ways of innovative policy realization in different types of regions. The method is based on partial abstraction from the unique properties of each region, thereby uniting them into homogeneous groups using k-means method. Further analysis of the determination of the main factor at the level of country was carried out using decision trees functions with the subsequent collection of OOB errors. Group analysis was carried out using regression analysis. As a result, the authors obtained five types of regions (with a high, above average, average, below average, low level of innovative development), provided an individual characteristic for each group regarding the innovation development and identified prerogative innovative factors that can be considered by the state as a criterion for differentiating state policy and regulation of the development of innovation policy.

МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПІДПРИЄМНИЦТВА: СТРАТЕГІЧНИЙ РОЗВИТОК БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ

In modern conditions, sustainable development of any of the national economies is not possible without timely and high-quality innovation. The development of innovative activity of enterprises, increase of efficiency of innovative expenses for introduction of the newest technologies, development and manufacture of new kinds of production which competitiveness is defined by the used quantity of unique developments, ideas is especially actual for Ukraine. Today, innovation is becoming a key factor in development for most businesses. Innovation processes at Ukrainian enterprises are unstable and devoid of clear long-term incentives. Accordingly, the development of innovative entrepreneurship and innovation processes is timely and becomes especially relevant. The main tendencies of development of innovative activity of industrial enterprises are considered in the article. Scientific views on the content and economic essence of innovative entrepreneurship are systematized. The chain of sequence of development of innovative activity of enterprises is investigated. The analytical component of the main indicators of innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises, in particular industrial ones, is analyzed. Factors influencing the innovative activity of enterprises are given. Based on the analysis of the main indicators, the factors that threaten the development of innovative entrepreneurship are identified, as well as the main opportunities for intensification of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine are identified. Areas of encouragement for the introduction of innovative developments in the activities of enterprises have been formed. Approximate ways of development of innovative potential of domestic enterprises and general improvement of the level of innovative development of Ukraine are offered. Proposals for intensifying the development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine have been developed. The importance of innovative activity for the purpose of formation and maintenance of competitive advantages, and also strengthening of competitive positions of the enterprise both in the internal, and in the foreign markets is proved. It is generalized that the timely use of innovations is the key to obtaining new and maintaining existing competitive advantages of both individual enterprises and the economy as a whole.