HDL Levels Research Articles

Feeding biotreated rumen digesta affects nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, and blood parameters in calves

The objective of this research was to examine the impact of feeding biologically treated rumen digesta (BTRD) to Holstein steer calves at levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30% (DM-based) on feed consumption, nutrient digestion, growth performance, rumen fermentation, and plasma metabolites. Sixteen Holstein steer calves with an initial BW of 113 ± 8 kg were randomly allocated in a randomized complete design. Dietary inclusion of BTRD in calves diet did not altered (P < 0.05) total intakes of DM, OM, and CP, when compared to those on the control diet over the experiment, but improved (P < 0.01) NDF and ADF consumption. Dietary inclusion of BTRD by 20% increased significantly DM and OM digestibility, average daily gain and feed efficiency (FE) (P < 0.05) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) during 60 to 120 days. Plasma glucose, triglyceride, total protein, creatinine, or urea-N concentrations between treatments were not affected, but uric acid was reduced linearly (P = 0.02) in steers given BTRD supplements. Supplemented diets containing BTRD had the highest levels of plasma cholesterol and HDL, which increased with increasing BTRD inclusion levels. BTRD supplements were found to lower MDA levels in steers than control diets. This study found that dietary BTRD supplementation improved performance and health status of Holstein steer calves as well as their oxidative parameters.

Aerobic exercise combined with whole body vibration in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction: A whole-body vibration device (WBV) as an exercise option may be suitable for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to compare the effects of combined aerobic exercise with WBV training and aerobic exercise alone on the liver enzymes and lipid profiles in NAFLD. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 32 patients with grade 1 and 2 NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound. Patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group were subjected to WBV with a frequency of 35-50 Hz before starting aerobic exercise. Wherein, aerobic exercises were performed using a treadmill at 60%-80% of maximum heart rate. Each session included a 5-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of treadmill, and 5 minutes of cooling at the end. Subjects in the control group underwent the same protocol but did not undergo WBV. Sessions were performed three times per week. The intervention lasted for eight weeks for both groups. Liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST]), and lipid profiles (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglyceride, and cholesterol) were measured during a week before the exercises and after the trial. Results: Mean serum ALT levels (45.5 vs. 31.5; P=0.003) and triglycerides (226.7 vs. 209.3; P=0.004) levels significantly decreased in the intervention group after the intervention. Although all liver enzymes and lipid profiles serum levels except for LDL decreased significantly in both groups (P&lt;0.05), AST, ALP, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL levels showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: The present study revealed that aerobic exercises with WBV significantly reduced ALT and triglyceride levels compared to aerobic exercises alone. In conclusion, the combined method can be recommended as a more effective method for patients suffering from NAFLD.

The role of APOE gene polymorphisms in lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility and lipid profile

BackgroundAPOE gene polym orphisms have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease and coronary heart diseases. However, their relationship with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains uncertain.MethodsThis study analyzed a cohort of 600 individuals comprising 200 LUAD patients in the lung cancer group and 400 healthy individuals as controls. APOE gene variants were identified through Sanger sequencing. Statistical analyses were conducted to assess intergroup differences, and comparisons of lipid profiles were performed across individuals carrying different APOE alleles.ResultsThe APOE ϵ2 allele had been significantly more frequently occurring in the LUAD group than in the control group (15.5% vs. 7%, P &amp;lt;0.001). APOE ϵ2/ϵ2 and ϵ2/ϵ3 genotypes increased susceptibility to LUAD by 3.78-fold and 3.22-fold. The APOE ϵ2/ϵ3 genotype increased the risk of early-stage LUAD by 2.36-fold and advanced-stage LUAD by 4.05-fold. Individuals with the APOE ϵ2/ϵ2 genotype had a 3.22-fold higher susceptibility to moderately differentiated and a 6.8-fold higher susceptibility to poorly differentiated LUAD. Patients with the ϵ2 allele in LUAD exhibited disrupted lipid metabolism, characterized by reduced HDL, TC, and FFA levels, along with increased ApoB, particularly in advanced and poorly differentiated cancer stages.ConclusionIndividuals carrying the ϵ2 allele have an increased susceptibility to developing LUAD, accompanied by disrupted lipid metabolism. Additionally, the APOE ϵ2/ϵ2 and ϵ2/ϵ3 genotypes are associated with an increased risk of developing advanced and poorly differentiated LUAD.

Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and obese children from Southeastern China

The prevalence of childhood obesity is rising globally, with some obese children progressing to develop metabolic syndrome (MS). However, the specific differences between these groups remain unclear. To investigate the differences in gut microbiota, we conducted physiological and biochemical assessments, alongside 16S rRNA sequencing, in a cohort of 32 children from Southeastern China, which included 4 normal-weight children, 5 with mild obesity, 9 with moderate obesity, 9 with severe obesity, and 5 with metabolic syndrome. Our results indicated that waist circumference, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, non-HDL levels, and the prevalence of fatty liver were significantly elevated in both obese and MS children compared to their normal-weight peers, with the MS group exhibiting more pronounced abnormalities. Conversely, HDL levels showed a contrasting trend. Additionally, alpha diversity of gut microbiota increased with weight, while beta diversity analysis revealed significant compositional differences between children with MS and those who were normal weight or obese. At the class and genus levels, we found that the relative abundance of c_Gammaproteobacteria increased with weight, whereas c_Bacteroidia and g_Bacteroides decreased. Notably, g_Faecalibacterium was significantly less abundant in the MS group compared to the other cohorts. LEfSe and functional analyses identified distinct gut microbiota and functional differences between children with MS and those with normal weight or obesity. Furthermore, gavage experiments in mice showed that gut microbiota from obese and MS subjects significantly increased serum triglycerides and cholesterol levels, leading to hepatocellular damage. In contrast, fecal gavage from normal-weight individuals into obese model mice significantly reduced serum triglycerides and the number of degenerative liver cells, as well as the extent of fat accumulation. These findings provide critical insights into the understanding and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome in pediatric populations.

Anti-Obesogenic and Antioxidant Potential of Lychee Seed Flour in Zebrafish Fed a High-Fat Diet

Objective Obesity has become one of the major public health issues and is associated with various comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Lychee seeds are considered promising ingredients for developing functional foods owing to their nutraceutical properties and phytochemical composition. This study aimed to induce obesity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) through a hyperlipidic diet supplemented with different concentrations of lychee seed flour and to evaluate its effects on adipose tissue, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and caudal fin regeneration. Methods A total of 200 adult zebrafish were u anded and divided into five experimental groups: control, hyperlipidic diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with 2%, 4%, and 6% lychee seed flour. After 12 wk of feeding, biochemical parameters (glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-HDL, aspartate aminotransferase-AST, alanine aminotransferase-ALT, and cortisol) and oxidative stress biomarkers, such as Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Glutathione (GSH), and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), were evaluated. Results The results showed that the HFD4% group exhibited a significant reduction in the diameter of visceral adipocytes compared with the control, HFD, and HFD2% groups. There was a higher prevalence of severe steatosis in the control and HFD groups and mild steatosis in the HFD6% group. The HFD4% and HFD6% groups had the lowest glycemic levels, whereas the HFD6% group had the highest HDL levels. Supplementation with lychee seed flour also positively modulated oxidative stress biomarkers, with increased CAT and GST activity in the HFD6% group and reduced ROS in the HFD4% and HFD6% groups compared with the HFD group. Conclusion It was concluded that adding 4 to 6% lychee seed flour may have beneficial effects on biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in HFD-fed zebrafish. The results indicate that lychee seed flour shows promise for use in foods and supplements targeting obesity prevention and management.

Short-chain fatty acids as a novel intervention for high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is driven by a complex interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, leading to weight gain, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and chronic inflammation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been recently recognized as a key contributor to MetS, leading to advancements in gut microbiome-based interventions to improve health outcomes. Considering the unique challenges associated with the use of pre/probiotics, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), also known as postbiotics, have emerged as promising therapeutic agents due to their role in modulating host metabolism and physiology. Considering this, the aim of the current study was to explore the therapeutic potential of SCFA (butyrate, propionate, and acetate) supplementation against a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced experimental model of MetS in male Wistar rats. Alterations in body weight, lipid profile, histopathology, and adipose tissue accumulation were assessed to establish SCFA-mediated amelioration of experimental MetS. Further, the enzymatic (GPx, Catalase, GR, and GST) and non-enzymatic (LPO, total ROS, and Redox ratio were evaluated. The results indicated that SCFA supplementation could effectively mitigate key features of MetS. A significant reduction in body weight gain and fasting blood glucose levels, along with markedly lowered triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL levels, with partial restoration of HDL levels was observed following SCFA supplementation. SCFA administration also attenuated MetS-associated hepatic damage as studied by histopathological investigation and analysis of liver function marker enzyme activities. Such ameliorative effects of SCFA against HFD-induced MetS were owed to potential redox modulation studied using enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, the study's outcomes show that SCFA supplementation could potentially be used against managing MetS. It underscores the therapeutic potential of SCFA by placing them as a novel gut microbiome-based dietary approach to improve metabolic health and reduce the risk of MetS-associated complications. However, more detailed mechanistic explorations are warranted in the future, leading to their beneficial role in MetS contributing to holistic health outcomes.

Pattern of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Cardiac hospital in Nepal

Background: Dyslipidemia is defined as an abnormal concentration of lipids in the blood and is a critical modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of dyslipidemia among patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome admitted to a cardiac hospital. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study including consequent 143 patients admitted to Chitwan Mutu Aspatal with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. The study was conducted from July 2021 to Jan 2024 over a period of 2.5years. The patient’s lipid levels were taken within 24 hours from the onset of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Results: Out of total of 143 patients, dyslipidemia was found in majority of patients with low HDL in 92(64.30%) in our study. 53 (37.1%) were females and 90 (62.9%) were males. The mean age of the patients was 62.3013.03 SD (in years). Patients with STEMI had maximum elevation of LDL (52.9%) compared with those having NSTEMI in 44.4% and 31% in Unstable angina patients. Also, low HDL level was detected in the majority of the patients across all spectrum of ACS patients which was statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of low HDL-C and high prevalence of LDL-C among the Nepalese population presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the hospital

Protective Effect of Thymoquinone Coated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Aflatoxin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

Herbal Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins which can cause hepatotoxicity and can eventually lead to liver cancer. The current study was designed to check the hepatoprotective effect of thymoquinone coated zinc oxide nanoparticles against aflatoxin induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was produced by solid state fermentation on rice using Aspergillus flavus and quantified by HPLC. TQ-coated ZnONPs were prepared by the conjugation of thymoquinone with ZnONPs and characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer,and Zeta potential analysis. The albino rats were fed with different diets by dividing them into five groups i.e., group A (normal diet), group B (20 ppb AFB1), group C (20 ppb AFB1 and 25 ppb ZnONPs), group D (20 ppb AFB1 and 10 ppb TQ) and group E (20 ppb AFB1 and 25 ppb TQ-ZnONPs). Blood sample and liver tissues were taken for histopathological study. Histopathological examination of liver revealed that AFB1 causes swelling, focal necrosis and decreased sinusoidal spacing. Biochemical tests like ALT (116 U/L) and AST (109 U/L) were significantly raised while there was decline in level of glucose, cholesterol, HDL and TG by AFB1. Liver function enzymes ALT (28 U/L) and AST (35 U/L) were significantly improved by treatment of TQ-ZnONPs. These changes caused by AFB1 were ameliorated by TQ-ZnONPs. It was concluded that the combined effect of TQ and ZnONPs is an effective approach towards the lethal hepatotoxic effects caused by aflatoxins present in animal feed.

Adiposity and inflammation markers explain mostly part of the plasma zonulin variation in Brazilian adults with overweight/obesity: A cross-sectional analysis from Brazilian nuts study.

This study evaluated intestinal permeability according to plasma zonulin and its association with adiposity, inflammation, cardiometabolic risk, liver function, and intestinal health markers in adults with overweight/obesity. This study is a cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the Brazilian Nut Study, which involved 123 participants (93 women, age 33.2±8.58 years, BMI 33.9±4.30kg/m2). Subjects were divided into quartiles according to plasma zonulin, assessed by Elisa. Cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry; anthropometric measurements were collected by standard procedure and body composition was assessed by DXA. SCFA analysis was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and fecal pH, by a pH meter. Linear regression models were performed (α<5%). Participants included in the last quartile of plasma zonulin had higher values of body fat (%), pro-inflammatory cytokines (CRP, IL-1). According to the multivariate regression model, each one-unit increased in body fat, CRP, IL-12p70, IL-6 and IL-8 resulted correspondingly in an increment of 0.42, 0.14, 0.192, 0.250 and 0.312ng/ml in plasma zonulin, respectively. Conversely, a one-unit decreased in IL-10 led to an increase of 0.40ng/ml in plasma zonulin. Intestinal permeability assessed by plasma zonulin is associated with adiposity, subclinical inflammation and reduced serum HDL levels adults with overweight/obesity, while adiposity and inflammation markers are independent factors for plasma zonulin variation.

Deciphering the impact of heavy metal mixed exposure on lipid metabolism using three statistical models.

Lipid metabolism disorders pose a significant threat to human health. However, the relationship between heavy metal mixed exposure and lipid metabolism remains poorly understood. This study recruited 1717 residents living near a chromium factory in northeast China. The concentrations of blood Cr, Mn, Cd, Pb, V, and serum CHOL, TG, LDL and HDL levels were measured. Generalized linear model (GLM), quantile g-computation (Qg-comp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were simultaneously employed to investigate the associations between heavy metal mixed exposure and lipid markers levels. GLM analysis revealed significant associations between blood Cr concentration and HDL (β = -0.07; 95%CI: -0.09, -0.05), LDL (β = -0.06; 95%CI: -0.11, -0.02), and CHOL (β = 0.07; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.12) levels. V concentration was positively associated with HDL (β = 0.12; 95%CI: 0.06, 0.18) and LDL (β = 0.17; 95%CI: 0.04, 0.30) levels. Qg-comp analysis indicated a negative association between heavy metal mixed exposure and HDL (β = -0.040; 95%CI: -0.073, -0.006) level. BKMR model further confirmed the negative relationship between heavy metal mixed exposure and HDL, with the interaction between blood Cr (> 1.05μg/L) and blood V (> 5.16μg/L) contributing to decreased HDL levels. Our findings suggested that heavy metal mixed exposure had impacts on HDL and CHOL levels, and the Cr and V may mutually play a predominant role in the observed abnormal HDL levels.

The Role of High-Fat Ketogenic and Low-Fat Diets in Weight Reduction and Cardiovascular Risk Mitigation Among Overweight and Obese Women: A Single-Blind Controlled Study

A dietary intervention is a common approach for managing weight, lipid profiles, and other metabolic parameters. A high-fat ketogenic diet (HFKD) and a low-fat diet (LFD) are two popular dietary strategies; however, their effects on various health metrics can differ. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of these diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight/ obese women. In this randomized controlled trial, 28 participants were divided equally into an HFKD group and an LFD group. The participants body weight, BMI, fat distribution, lipid profiles, glucose levels, and blood pressure were measured at baselines and in 12-week of the intervention. The results shows that HFKD and LFD significantly reduced body weight (13% and 10%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001) and BMI (13% and 9%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). HFKD significantly reduced triglycerides by 25% (p = 0.029), while LFD significantly reduced total cholesterol by 9% (p = 0.014) and LDL by 21% (p = 0.030). HDL levels were not significantly changed by either diet. HFKD significantly decreased glucose levels (13%, p = 0.006) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (7%, p = 0.044).: In this study, both HFKD and LFD effectively reduced body weight and BMI over 12 weeks but showed different effects on cardiovascular risk factors.

Hypolipidemic Effects of Eryngium Caucasicum Leaves Extract on Rats with Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Research Article AJVS. 2024; 17(2): 1-7doi: 10.37940/AJVS.2024.17.2.1 Hypolipidemic Effects of Eryngium Caucasicum Leaves Extract on Rats with Induced Diabetes Mellitus Glaucio Dire Feliciano. Abstract This research aimed to assess the hypolipidemic effects of an extract from Eryngium caucasicum in a Rat model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus produced by Streptozotocin. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, with a total of eight rats in each: (1) healthy control rats, (2) diabetic rats with no diabetes, (3) diabetic rats given insulin, (4) diabetic rats given 200 mg/kg orally for 30 days of Eryngium caucasicum extract, and (5) diabetic rats given 300 mg/kg orally for 30 days. Injecting Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin intraperitoneally caused diabetes. Fasting blood sugar, hepatic enzymes, and lipid profiles were determined from blood samples taken after the trial. The levels of HDL were increased significantly in G3, G4, and G5 compared to G2. The insulin group and the group given 300 mg/kg of Eryngium caucasicum substantially reduced LDL cholesterol compared to the G2. It should be mentioned that the diabetic control group had higher TC compared to the healthy control group after rat diabetes induction (P = 0.020). Compared to the G2, G3 treated with insulin and groups treated with extract at dosages of 200 as well as 300 mg/kg body weight had a substantially lower TC (P &lt; 0.01). Serum TG was improved when insulin and Eryngium caucasicum extract were administered at 200 and 300 mg/kg dosages, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Serum ALT and AST levels were shown to be elevated after STZ diabetes induction as compared to the G1. Even though diabetic rats' ALT and AST levels were enhanced by insulin and all 2 plant trial dosages, 200 and 300 mg/kg. In summary, our findings suggest that the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepato-protective properties of Eryngium caucasicum, when administered to an animal model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, may vary with dosage.

Cardiometabolic risk factors and clinical course of liver cirrhosis.

The global prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Liver Disease is dramatically increasing with the diffusion of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs). The aim of the present study was to assess the natural course of liver cirrhosis, in terms of decompensation, development of hepatocellular carcinoma and mortality, in relation to the presence of CMRFs (type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, arterial hypertension, low HDL levels, hypertriglyceridemia). 667 patients with liver cirrhosis (50 with CMRFs and without non-metabolic aetiological factors, 167 with non-metabolic aetiological factors and without CMRFs, and 450 with both non-metabolic aetiological factors and at least one CMRF) followed at the University and General Hospital of Padua, Italy, from 1998 to 2022, were included. No difference in the occurrence of cirrhosis decompensating events and development of hepatocellular carcinoma was observed, whereas patients in the metabolic or mixed group had 4-3-fold higher all-cause mortality and significantly lower 3-years survival compared to patients in the non-metabolic group, despite a better liver function at enrolment. Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL levels were the less prevalent CMRFs, but those associated with the highest risk of cirrhosis decompensation. Hypertriglyceridemia was also associated with an increased risk of mortality. Arterial hypertension was associated with a reduced risk of cirrhosis decompensation, but a higher risk of mortality. Compared to patients without CMRFs, those with CMRFs had similar rates of liver cirrhosis decompensation but higher overall mortality. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated with a high risk of both liver decompensation and death.

The association of snoring, growth, and metabolic risk factors at the age of two years

Background and aimsThis observational study examined the association of snoring and growth during early childhood and the cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors based on blood samples at the age of two years.Methods and resultsThe sample comprised 78 children from the CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort with full-night polysomnography (PSG) and a questionnaire consisting of parts concerning the child's sleep and environmental factors at 24 months. The growth charts were collected from well-baby clinics. Metabolic blood samples were drawn from 31 children.There were no statistically significant differences in the growth parameters of snoring children compared to controls during the first two years of life. However, in linear regression models, snoring time in PSG significantly predicted lower levels of HDL (β = -0.484, p = 0.007) and ApoA1 (β = -0.451, p = 0.049) and higher levels of hs-CRP (β = 0.410, p = 0.019).ConclusionIn conclusion, in Finnish children the levels of HDL and ApoA1 were inversely related to the snoring time in PSG. In addition, the snoring time in PSG significantly predicted higher levels of hs-CRP. These results suggest that snoring in early childhood could negatively alter the serum metabolic profile, adding to the risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.

Characteristics of Lipid Profile Levels in Ischemic Stroke Patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital 2023

Background: Stroke is a clinical sign that develops suddenly due to focal (or global) brain function disorders with symptoms that last for 24 hours or more, and can cause death. This study aims to determine the characteristics of lipid profile levels in ischemic stroke patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital, Makassar, January - June 2023. Method: The research used is a quantitative research type with a descriptive research design, using medical record data from Makassar Hospital which aims to determine the description of lipid profile levels in ischemic stroke patients at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. Result: This study showed that 70 people (58%) of the total sample experienced an increase in total cholesterol levels and 50 people (42%) were within normal limits. 65 people (50%) of the total sample experienced an increase in LDL levels and 65 people (50%) were within normal limits. 82 people (63%) of the total sample experienced a decrease in HDL levels and 48 people (37%) were within normal limits. And 105 people (81%) of the total sample experienced an increase in triglyceride levels and 25 people (19%) were within normal limits. Conclusion: This study concluded that 70 people (58%) of the total sample experienced an increase in total cholesterol levels and 50 people (42%) were within normal limits. 65 people (50%) of the total sample experienced an increase in LDL levels and 65 people (50%) were within normal limits. 82 people (63%) of the total sample experienced a decrease in HDL levels and 48 people (37%) were within normal limits. And 105 people (81%) of the total sample experienced an increase in triglyceride levels and 25 people (19%) were within normal limits.

Long-Term Health Benefits of Breastfeeding: Obesity Prevention, Metabolic Health, and Cardiovascular Protection

Introduction: Recent research highlights a link between early dietary habits, especially breastfeeding, and reduced obesity risk in adulthood. Breastfeeding provides essential nutrients and compounds that may shape an infant’s metabolism. This article reviews current findings to guide parents in supporting lifelong healthy development. Material and Methods: This review examined 30 studies focusing on the relationship between breastfeeding and the risk of developing obesity. Relevant studies were identified through searches on PubMed and Google Scholar. Literature Analysis: The reviewed literature suggests a possible link between breastfeeding and a decreased likelihood of obesity in adulthood, although comprehensive, systematic research on this relationship is still scarce. Findings indicate that bioactive elements in breast milk and breastfeeding behaviors may play a role in early metabolic and appetite regulation, which could influence weight control later in life. Observational studies and case reports show varying impacts, often dependent on factors like the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding, as well as broader environmental influences. Conclusions: Breastfeeding offers significant long-term health benefits, including reduced risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Studies show that longer breastfeeding duration is associated with healthier weight trajectories, improved metabolic outcomes, and lower BMI and HDL levels later in life. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months or more provides substantial protection against obesity in childhood and adulthood. Early formula introduction is linked to higher BMI trajectories and increased metabolic risks. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting breastfeeding as a key public health strategy to support long-term health and disease prevention.

Wrist Circumference as a Novel Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease and Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction: Wrist circumference is a good predictor of obesity and insulin resistance. Wrist circumference may be considered as an indirect determinant of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. The present study aimed to assess wrist circumference as an alternative tool for differentiating patients with coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome from those without coronary artery disease and metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on patients ≥ 30 years old undergoing coronary angiography following acute coronary syndrome or for evaluation of coronary artery disease. Results: Diabetic, hypertensive, and obese patients had more wrist circumference. High TG, low HDL levels were associated with higher wrist circumference (p=0.005). Wrist circumference was positively correlated with waist-hip ratio (p&lt;0.001). Patients with Metabolic Syndrome have a mean Wrist circumference of 16.54 whereas patients without Metabolic Syndrome have a mean wrist circumference of 15.89(p&lt;0.001). Coronary artery disease patients had higher mean wrist circumference than non-coronary artery disease patients (16.59 vs 15.9) (p&lt;0.001). Triple-vessel disease patients have higher wrist circumference than double-vessel-disease patients; Doublevessel- disease patients have higher wrist circumference than single-vessel disease (p&lt;0.001). Multivariate logistic model shows the main predictors for coronary artery disease are male sex, smoking, high BMI, low HDL, and wrist circumference. Conclusion: Measurement of Wrist circumference can serve as an easy anthropometric marker to identify individuals at risk of cardio-metabolic disorder, and predict the severity of Coronary Artery Disease can be used in large epidemiological studies.

Optimizing the potentials of field hockey players through complex and contrast training on physiological and biochemical responses

In the current scenario of field hockey, players are continuously looking for new ways to improve their performance on the field, particularly in terms of power moves. Throughout this exploration, the current study examined the specific effects of complex and contrast training on field hockey player's physiological and biochemical responses. A total of 45 male field hockey players (mean (SD); weight: 63.62 (4.54) kg, height: 1.67(0.06) cm, and age: 19.42(1.18) yrs.) were randomly assigned to three equal groups namely complex training group (COM), contrast training group (CNST) and control group (CON). All the selected physiological and biochemical outcome measures have been tested baseline (T1) and after 12- weeks of training intervention (T2) assessments. Since the CON group was practicing field hockey every day, they were regarded as an active CON group. The intervention in the given period significantly improved VC and VO2max, positively impacting respiratory function. However, no notable changes were observed in RHR, HDL, and LDL levels. Forthcoming research may emphasize the refining of intervention protocols to address these areas and further understand the underlying mechanisms for optimal cardiovascular health and performance enhancement for field hockey players.

Effects of Different Dietary Fat Sources on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Broiler Chickens

Introduction: Certain types of dietary fats may elevate the generation of free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress and potential cellular damage. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of high-energy diets derived from various fat sources on broiler chicken welfare and production. Materials and methods: A total of 216-day-old unsexed Arbor Acre broiler chickens were assigned to four treatment groups. The groups, including control, beef tallow (high energy diet animal source, HEDAS), palm oil (high energy diet plant source, HEDPS), and low energy diet (LED), each consisting of three replicates with 18 birds, were investigated in a completely randomized design over 42 days. Results: According to the results, the HEDPS group had the highest live weight, while the HEDAS group indicated the highest dressing percentage. Significant differences were noted in alanine transaminase and alanine phosphatase in the treatment group compared to the control group. Cholesterol levels were significantly high in the HEDAS group and LDL levels were the lowest compared to the control group. The HEDAS group also exhibited the highest triglyceride level compared to other treatments. The HDL levels were higher in the LED and HEDPS groups compared to the HEDAS group. The VLDL concentration was significantly higher in the HEDAS group in comparison with other groups. Conclusion: The HEDPS diet positively affected serum biochemistry and carcass characteristics, highlighting its potential in broiler chicken welfare and production.

Association between dyslipidemia and depression: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data from 2007 to 2018

BackgroundThe relationship between depression and dyslipidemia remains controversial, with inconsistent findings across studies. This study aimed to investigate the association between blood lipid levels and depression using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning from 2007 to 2018.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 12,819 adult participants from NHANES. Depression was assessed using a nine-item depression screening instrument. Serum lipid levels, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), were measured using Roche modular P and Roche Cobas 6000 chemistry analyzers. Survey-weighted multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationships between serum lipid levels and depression.ResultsWe observed a statistically significant negative association between HDL levels and depression (odds ratio [OR]: 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.90). After adjustments for covariates, HDL-C, TG, and the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index showed significant associations with depression (ORs: 0.66, 1.08, and 1.01, respectively). A linear correlation was observed between HDL-C levels and depression (P < 0.01), while TG levels and the TyG index exhibited nonlinear associations (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). No significant positive associations were observed between increased TC or LDL-C levels and the risk of depression.ConclusionsHigh HDL-C levels were negatively associated with depression, while TG levels and the TyG index were positively associated with depression. Clinical attention should be given to the detection of lipid levels in patients with depression.