Level Of Ambition Research Articles

The domestic politics of international climate commitments: which factors explain cross-country variation in NDC ambition?

Under the Paris Agreement, parties self-determine their mitigation ambition level by submitting Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Extant assessments find that the collective ambition of current pledges is not line with the Agreement’s goals and that individual ambition varies greatly across countries, but there have not been attempts at explaining this variation. This paper identifies several potential drivers of national climate ambition, and tests whether these can account for differences in the ambition level of countries’ mitigation targets under the Paris Agreement. After outlining theorized relationships between a set of domestic political characteristics and climate policy ambition, regression analysis is used to assess the effects of different potential drivers across a dataset of 170 countries. We find that a country’s level of democracy and vulnerability to climate change have positive effects on NDC ambition, while coal rent and GDP have negative effects. Our findings suggest that these objective factors are more important than subjective factors, while the most influential subjective factor is the cosmopolitanism-nativism value dimension.

Clinical Social Workers, Gender, and Perceptions of Political Participation

Political participation to create social change is considered a professional and ethical imperative for social workers. Although researchers have examined overall political participation by social workers, little is known about how clinical social workers participate and the broader societal factors that influence their political participation. A critical phenomenological methodology was used with a sample of 23 clinical social workers from New England states to (1) identify how socio-political forces influenced their political activity; and, (2) understand how the concept of power affected individuals’ level of engagement or inclination toward the political process. This article describes one of the study’s major findings. Female participants described themselves as unqualified and/or unknowledgeable in the political sphere, with low levels of ambition and confidence to engage in political processes. Many female participants also described the challenges of achieving a work-life balance between their careers and traditional gender-based roles with little time left for political engagement. Social work education and policy advocacy can affect change that will increase the internal and external efficacy of social workers and create a policy environment that allows more options for all social workers in balancing the demands of professional and personal lives.

Exploring Models for an International Legal Agreement on the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Lessons from Climate Agreements

An international legal agreement governing the global antimicrobial commons would represent the strongest commitment mechanism for achieving collective action on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Since AMR has important similarities to climate change—both are common pool resource challenges that require massive, long-term political commitments—the first article in this special issue draws lessons from various climate agreements that could be applicable for developing a grand bargain on AMR. We consider the similarities and differences between the Paris Climate Agreement and current governance structures for AMR, and identify the merits and challenges associated with different international forums for developing a long-term international agreement on AMR. To be effective, fair, and feasible, an enduring legal agreement on AMR will require a combination of universal, differentiated, and individualized requirements, nationally determined contributions that are regularly reviewed and ratcheted up in level of ambition, a regular independent scientific stocktake to support evidence informed policymaking, and a concrete global goal to rally support.

Особенности Я-концепции обучающихся подросткового возраста

The article discusses features of the self-concept in adolescents. The relevance of the research is substantiated by increased social demands on an individual. In the modern world, success depends on an individual’s activity based on their understanding of self in the context of life. At the same time, the very content of education has been altered in order to create conditions for self-determination and ensure ultimate self-realization. Despite the abundance of research on the issues associated with the development of the self-concept in preschoolers, primary school children, adolescents, and youth, the author notes an insufficient number of studies on this topic in the modern population of children, as most studies date back to the early 2000s. The theoretical and methodological basis of the present research was formed by the teaching of R. B. Burns on the three-component structure of the self-concept, which includes the cognitive (main characteristics of our habitual self-perception, self-knowledge), evaluative (self-esteem, self-attitude) and behavioural components (potential behavioural reaction, self-control). These ideas are consistent with the ideas of modern researchers about the self-concept and its structure. In the article, the author cites the data of his own empirical research, the purpose of which is to identify the features of the self-concept in modern adolescents, and provides a list of diagnostic methods for each of the components. Diagnostic results for the cognitive component of the self-concept in adolescents showed that the respondents find it difficult to describe or characterize themselves and that their self-knowledge is poor. At the same time, when analyzing the results of measuring the evaluative component, the author found high levels of self-esteem and ambition, a high degree of differentiation in self-esteem, a large gap between self-esteem and the level of ambition, and a high level of self-regard. When studying the level of subjective control, it was established that adolescents generally control their behaviour. However, there is a tendency to shift responsibility for major successes and failures to external factors. The author concludes that the presence of the identified features in the self-concept of adolescents indicates the need for further research on this issue.

مستوى الطموح وعلاقته بالتعلم الذاتي:, دراسة ميدانية على عينة من تلاميذ السنة الثالثة ثانوي بمدينة ورقلة

The Present Study Aims At Uncovering The Relationship Between The Level Of Ambition And Self-Learning And The Extent Of The Contribution Of The Specialization Factor In Creating Differences In This Relationship. We Relied On A Sample Of 300 Students And Two Measurement Tools, Guglimeno). , And The Descriptive Descriptive Approach Was Adopted, And Statistical Processing Was Done Using The Statistical Program (Spss). The Results Were As Follows: 1-There Is A Statistically Significant Relation Between The Level Of Ambition And Its Relation To Self-Learning Among Secondary School Students 2-There Are Statistically Significant Differences In The Level Of Ambition Level Among Secondary School Students Due To The Specialization Variable. 3-There Are Statistically Significant Differences In Level And Self - Learning Among Secondary School Students Due To Specialization Variable Keywords - Level Of Ambition, Self-Learning, Third Secondary Students .

فاعلية استراتيجية مقترحة قائمة على التعلم المنظم ذاتيا في تنمية مهارات التفکير التوليدى في الرياضيات والدافعية لتعلمها لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الإعدادية

هدف البحث الى دراسة فاعلية استراتيجية مقترحة قائمة على التعلم المنظم ذاتيا في تنمية مهارات التفکير التوليدى في الرياضيات والدافعية لتعلمها لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الإعدادية، وقد تکونت عينة البحث من (68) تلميذة من تلميذات الصف الثانى الاعدادى، وتم تقسيمهم الى مجموعتين احداهما تجريبية تدرس وحدة المساحات والتشابه المقررة عليهم بالفصل الدراسى الثانى عام 2019 بالاستراتيجية المقترحة والأخرى ضابطة تدرس نفس المحتوى بالطريقة التقليدية، تم اعداد دليل معلم ليسترشد به معلم التجريبية في التدريس بالاستراتيجية المقترحة، وتم اعداد کراسة الأنشطة للتلميذ، وتم اعدد اختبار لقياس مهارات التفکير التوليدى لدى تلاميذ الصف الثاني الإعدادى يتضمن مهارات ( التنبؤ من المعطيات، والتعرف على الافتراضات، والطلاقة، والمرونة، والأصالة)، وتم اعداد مقياس الدافعية لتعلم الرياضيات أبعاده ( الاستمتاع بالتعلم ،والمثابرة، ومستوى الطموح، وحب الاستطلاع )، وتم تطبيق الاختبار والمقياس على المجموعتين قبل وبعد تدريس الوحدة. وقد أشارت النتائج الى وجود فرق دال بين متوسطى درجات تلميذات المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة بعديا في مهارات التفکير التوليدى ککل، وفى کل مهارة على حدة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، وأيضا وجود فرق دال بين متوسطى درجات تلميذات المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة بعديا في الدافعية لتعلم الرياضيات، وفى کل بعد منها لصالح المجموعة التجريبية، وکان حجم تأثير الاستراتيجية المقترحة کبير في تنمية مهارات التفکير التوليدي والدافعية للتعلم. The Effectiveness of A Suggested Strategy Based on Self-Regulated Learning in Developing Generative Thinking Skills in Mathematics and the Motivation to learn among Preparatory Stage Pupils Abstract The purpose of the Research is to investigate the effectiveness of a suggested strategy based on self-regulated learning in generative thinking skills in mathematics and the motivation to learn among preparatory stage pupils. The subjects of the Research consisted of sixty-eight pupils (N=68) from second- year preparatory school pupils. They were divided into an experimental group who taught the unit of areas and similarities in the second semester with the suggested strategy and the control group who taught the same unit by the regular method .The researcher prepared a teacher's guide to help the teacher who taught for the experimental group in teaching with the suggested strategy. The students' activities were prepared. The researcher also prepared a test to measure the generative thinking skills among the second year preparatory stage pupils, which included the skills (prediction, identification of assumptions, fluency, flexibility, and originality), and a motivation scale for learning mathematics and its dimensions (enjoyment of learning, perseverance, level of ambition, and curiosity). Both instruments (the test and scale) were applied to both groups before and after the experiment. Results of the study revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in generative thinking skills and sub-skills in favor of the experimental group. In addition, there is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups in motivation to learn mathematics in favor of the experimental group. The size effect of the suggested strategy is effective in developing generative thinking skills and the motivation e

The entrepreneurship power house of ambition and innovation: exploring German wineries

Increasing competition, globalisation, and supplier concentration - hence changes in the external business environment - stress small entrepreneurs. Indeed, survival is not for granted. In the investigated German wine industry, the number of producers was cut in half since 1980. Resilience, meaning the ability to cope with environmental changes, obviously is a necessary precondition for sustainable success. Survey data of German wineries serve to explore strategic entrepreneurship and the impact on resilience or eventual sustainable growth in a crowding out market. The study explores key entrepreneurial traits of pro-activeness, innovation, and ambition level. Descriptive, variance, and correlation analyses disclose that entrepreneurial behaviour improves performance. Typical entrepreneurial 'bricolage' could be observed. Environmental challenges are interpreted in an optimistic manner, even caesural ones. Despite limiting environmental factors entrepreneurs seize opportunities, are more ambitious, show innovativeness, and thereby profit by higher performance.

The entrepreneurship power house of ambition and innovation: exploring German wineries

Increasing competition, globalisation, and supplier concentration - hence changes in the external business environment - stress small entrepreneurs. Indeed, survival is not for granted. In the investigated German wine industry, the number of producers was cut in half since 1980. Resilience, meaning the ability to cope with environmental changes, obviously is a necessary precondition for sustainable success. Survey data of German wineries serve to explore strategic entrepreneurship and the impact on resilience or eventual sustainable growth in a crowding out market. The study explores key entrepreneurial traits of pro-activeness, innovation, and ambition level. Descriptive, variance, and correlation analyses disclose that entrepreneurial behaviour improves performance. Typical entrepreneurial 'bricolage' could be observed. Environmental challenges are interpreted in an optimistic manner, even caesural ones. Despite limiting environmental factors entrepreneurs seize opportunities, are more ambitious, show innovativeness, and thereby profit by higher performance.

Implementation of an eco-innovation toolbox to stimulate design teams: A case of interior design

In the Fuzzy Front End of Eco-innovation, one of the main challenges of eco-ideation is the generation of ideas with a high level of environmental and socio-economical ambition. Current eco-design methods are not adapted to all the requirements of eco-innovation, because of 1) their complexity of implementation, 2) their low robustness and/or 3) their tendency to provide mostly techno-centred solutions. There is a need to define methods which can support multidisciplinary design teams to eco-innovate. In previous work, a set of seven didactical and meso Eco-ideation Stimulation Mechanisms (ESM) was developed, exploring systemic dimensions related to sustainability currently under-exploited.. The proposition first relies on the co-development of an intuitive and didactic formatting of an ESM toolbox to support the eco-ideation phase in multidisciplinary groups. Second, we propose a method in three main steps implemented in a four-hour workshop: a screening phase with the seven ESMs followed by an in-depth divergent phase with a single mechanism, and a convergent formalization of eco-innovative concepts. We illustrate the eco-innovation method by a real-world case study of an interior agency of a co-working building emphasizing circular economy principles and quality of life at work. A group of 13 stakeholders and experts (architects, eco-design experts, local authority and user representatives) were divided into three groups, facilitated by two researchers. The paper shows that this eco-ideation toolbox can be implemented in a real-life context of interior design in multidisciplinary groups involving multiple stakeholders. It supported the groups in sharing a common vision of interior design, and generating three original concepts of co-working spaces.

Future Time Perspective in its Relationship to Academic Tasks Procrastination for Secondary Stage Students

T his paper aims to interest and identify the relationship between the Future Time Perspective with its dimensions (future extension, future density, the degree of coherence, optimism/pessimism, future orientations, time speed), and academic tasks procrastination among a sample of public secondary stage students, to investigate the effect of some demographic variables (gender, academic specialization, academic grade) on the research variables. he present research used a descriptive approach based on the study of the phenomenon as it exists in reality, and contributes to describe it accurately and clarify its characteristics by collecting information, analysis and interpretation. Results showed and revealed that there was a percentage for the prevalence of academic tasks procrastination for public secondary stage students as follows (28.5 : 63.6) didn't delay their academic tasks continuously, (29.5 : 43.5) didn't prefer their academic tasks partially, (28.5 : 31.3) preferred their academic tasks partially, There are no statistically significant differences in the item (21) for students choices (I promise myself I'll do something and then drag my feet), moreover, results revealed that there is a negative correlation statistically significant at the level (0.01) between a future time perspective degrees for six dimensions and degrees of academic tasks procrastination in public secondary stage students. Enriching the curricula at various stages, especially secondary, with topics that contribute to raising the levels of professional and academic ambition, and help to develop the perspective of the future of youth, in addition to educating young people subjects related to their future and developing a future plan in order to reduce the aggravation of unemployment among them, promote their positive vision, and reduce Negative outlook of the future.

Бенилюкс: Новые горизонты оборонного сотрудничества

The article examines Benelux defence cooperation model. Research methodology is based on comparative research which is applied to the so called defence clusters framed by small nations of Western Europe. The article discusses the main parameters of the defence cooperation among Benelux countries for today and for upcoming future. It traces the origin and growth of military ties among Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg after the end of the Cold War. In this regard defence priorities of these small nations are assumed within the context of changing security environment in Europe and beyond. The main areas of their joint activity, specific programs and projects of defence cooperation are being traced. Military reform notably personnel size reduction and armed forces reorientation towards new tasks dealing are being analyzed. Economic reasons which determine the level of ambition in militarytechnical cooperation among Benelux countries are also taken into consideration. The influence of external factors, notably Benelux partner nations from EU and NATO is also analyzed. It is calculated to what measure new developments inside EU (like Brexit or transatlantic disputes) affect the overall European security climate. Universal nature of Benelux defence model is a good example of incubator where new ideas and concepts emerge and turn into achievements that are similarly profitable for both EU and NATO. Experience gained by the three allies inside their defence cluster may become a model for other sub-regional groupings in Europe. The results of the study shows that Benelux defence cluster is a promising track of cooperation among its member states and it may be further improved.

The Level of Ambition and its Relation to the Cognitive Achievement of Students in Volleyball

The research consisted of two axes, namely the identification of the level of ambition and cognitive achievement and comparison among students in the fourth stage/Kerbala University, Faculty of Education and Sports Sciences, where the standards of the level of ambition and cognitive achievement were prepared and the descriptive method used in the comparison method to suit the nature of the research. The research sample included (90) students, and the extraction of associative relations using statistical means

Putting the Dutch Child Labour Due Diligence Act into Perspective

In May 2019, the Dutch senate adopted a private member’s bill introducing a due diligence obligation for companies bringing goods or services onto the Dutch market with respect to the use of child labour in their supply chains. The aim of this article is to place this Child Labour Due Diligence (CLDD) Act in the national and international legal context and to discuss its relevance for the broader debate on international responsible business conduct (IRBC) in global value chains. The article shows that the CLDD Act introduces a due diligence obligation in this context that is new to Dutch law, as is the public law supervisor that is to be tasked with its enforcement. However, it does nothing to broaden the possibilities for access to remedies for victims of child labour beyond those already in existence. The article also shows that when compared with 2017 the French Duty of Vigilance Law, which is the only other mandatory due diligence law to have been adopted so far, the CLDD Act stands out in several respects. It is overshadowed, however, by the European parliament’s recent adoption of an ambitious outline for a future EU due diligence directive. Nonetheless, in view of the fact that it remains unclear for now whether the future EU directive on this topic will display the same level of ambition as the current proposal, the CLDD Act will remain relevant from an international perspective also for some time to come.

Serving All Who Served: An Analysis of the VA's Visual and Digital Rhetorics for Welcoming Sexual and Gender Minority Veterans Into VA Care

Nearly one million veterans identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) and could be eligible for services provided by the United States Department of Veteran Affairs (VA). Historical criminalization of service members prior to and during the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy created social and cultural barriers to LGBT veterans seeking VA care. To date, no studies have assessed the implementation of the VA's efforts to create a welcoming environment for LGBT veterans. This study fills that gap by using rhetorical genre studies to analyze how official VA.gov websites position and address LGBT veterans. Our results indicate that rhetorical and discursive strategies deployed on the VAMC web sites betray information asymmetries reflecting varying levels of ambition and commitment to inclusion of LGBT veterans. With a focus on techne, we conclude with research‐based recommendations for VA practitioners, administrators, and policymakers to improve patient‐provider communication through public digital rhetorics.

A Decade of C40: Research Insights and Agendas for City Networks

AbstractIn the last decade, there has been a marked growth in formalised city networks. City networks of late have transcended beyond municipal collaborations towards more complex networked governance arrangements. City networks are noted also to raise the level of ambition among cities learning from and competing with each other with regard to the deployment of low‐carbon technologies and policies. Over the last two decades, at least nine urban climate networks have been established around the world. This article consolidates the academic literature on C40 within the context of three key themes that are drawn upon from earlier work of Davidson et al. with the goal of drawing out the key implications of researching, and putting into practice, urban studies in an age of increasingly networked urban governance and the role of city networks. We conclude the paper with articulating a new research agenda that places a focus on the effects of city networks on institutional relevance of traditional planning in ways that have not yet been considered in practice and scholarship. We argue a key challenge is to align and potentially synthesise these traditional and new forms of city shaping in an urban age era of rapidly unfolding endangerment.

Designing a ZEN Campus: An exploration of ambition levels and system boundaries

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is gathering from dispersed locations to one central campus at Gløshaugen, requiring an estimated 92 000 m2 new buildings and upgrading 45 000 m2 of existing buildings. NTNU has high environmental ambitions for the new campus, including zero-emission ambitions. This paper explores system boundary definitions and ambition levels in a Zero Emission Neighbourhood (ZEN) context. A key element is a plus energy campus that provides a surplus of renewable energy in the operational phase, that can compensate the carbon footprint of buildings, infrastructure and mobility. Preliminary energy and carbon analyses of the campus have been performed A key result is an overview of design choices and methodology choices for concept stage calculations for a zero-emission campus. Six system boundaries have been defined, with the production to consumption ratio varying from 19 % to 132 %. The lowest includes all buildings, the highest includes production from all buildings, but consumption only from new and renovated buildings. The main finding is that it is possible to realise a plus energy campus for new and renovated buildings, but not including non-renovated buildings. A plus energy campus requires a combination of PV and seasonal energy storage.

Lessons learnt from the design and construction strategies of two Norwegian low emission construction sites

Over the last couple of years, research related to fossil free and emission free construction sites has developed rapidly in Norway, with an ambition to contribute towards global, national and regional emission reduction targets. Major public players are already demanding fossil free construction sites through public procurement, whilst requirements for emission free construction sites are on the way. Even though the Norwegian construction industry is a forerunner, there is a lack of knowledge or common understanding among different stakeholders on the definition, scope and strategies needed for fossil free and emission free construction sites. The aim of this paper is to present the main challenges and opportunities from the construction phase of two Norwegian zero emission construction sites, namely Campus Evenstad in Hedmark and Lia nursery school in Oslo. Construction activities considered include transportation and installation of building materials, construction machinery, temporary works, energy use, waste management and person transport. This paper presents and discusses the lessons learnt from the design, ambition levels, inputs from stakeholders, emission reduction solutions of these two construction sites, and evaluates methods considered to address conceptual and practical issues. In conclusion, this paper suggests lessons learnt for reducing GHG emissions from Norwegian zero emission construction sites.

Energy use and emissions scenarios for transport to gauge progress toward national commitments

To achieve the mitigation targets discussed under the Paris Agreement, countries must develop studies that not only estimate baselines based on historical data of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy use, but that also project them considering different levels of ambition and political commitment. This study aims to develop and model scenarios of energy use and GHG emissions from the transport sector until 2030, considering the Brazilian Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Three scenarios were developed based on different political commitment. The method is based on a bottom-up approach, requiring multi-sectoral collaborative efforts to not only explain the direct energy use, but also balance the transportation activity and energy between the transport modes, justifying each case in terms of development stage and energy supply capacity. Here, transport sector has been further split up into the highest sector level detail available. At the maximum, GHG emissions could be reduced by 15% (29 Mt CO2e), achieved in scenario 3, whilst there are increases on emissions in scenario 2 (5% or 10 Mt CO2e) and scenario 1 (21% or 42 Mt CO2e). It implies that Brazil has the potential to ratchet up the mitigation targets discussed under the Paris Agreement of the UNFCCC.

Fairness conceptions and self-determined mitigation ambition under the Paris Agreement: Is there a relationship?

This paper investigates the empirical relationship between countries’ expressed concerns with fairness and the ambition levels in their pledged contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, asking the following questions: 1) Are the NDCs of countries who express the most concern with fairness more or less ambitious than those of other countries? 2) Does the relationship between fairness and ambition vary across the three fairness principles: Responsibility, Capability, and Rights (needs)? and 3) Is there a tendency for countries to support the fairness principle that implies the largest emissions share for themselves if that principle were used to allocate emissions across countries? The analysis reveals considerable variation in both fairness concerns and assessed NDC ambitions, but no clear relationship between the two. Countries’ expressed support for fairness principles does not correlate with the ambition levels of their NDCs, whether principles are aggregated or disaggregated. The analysis also finds no evidence that countries strategically advocate the fairness principle that allocates them the largest “fair” emissions share.

The Attitude Measurement towards Coaching Profession and the Level of Ambition for the Varsity Players in Kurdistan Region Tournament

The aim of the study was to identify the nature of the attitude of the players in the Kurdistan varsity  League towards  sport coaching  profession and also aimed to know the level of athletic ambition for both games Basket Ball and Volley ball   as well as the knowledge of differences of attitude  and the  ambition between the players according to the game and according to the clubs, the researcher used the method of descriptive in his study for it is the best and common method for such studies  for it analyze and evaluate and diagnosis the phenomenon by using umbers and data.  The Society and the study Sample includes Basketball players and volley ball players the numbers of clubs for Basket was ( 8 ) teams which is ( 96 ) players from all cities and provinces of