Grade Lesson Research Articles

Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kesulitan Belajar Matematika pada Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to determine the factors that cause learning difficulties in mathematics experienced by fourth-grade elementary school students. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data sources in this study were fourth-grade teachers and all fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 09 Maredan which consisted of 24 students. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation with 3 stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the factors causing student difficulties can be seen from two factors, namely internal factors, and external factors. Internal factors are student interest and enthusiasm in learning, student readiness in the learning process, student intelligence, student body, and mental condition, study habits, student interest in mathematics. While the external factors of students' difficulties in mathematics lessons in grade IV elementary school are: environmental conditions of students, parents' attention to the learning process, relationships with parents and those around them, relationships with teachers and friends at school, media and teaching materials as supporting tools in the school. class during the learning process, the condition of the classroom and school environment, the difficulty of the material in the content of mathematics lessons. The teacher's efforts to overcome the learning difficulties of fourth-grade elementary school students are increasing students' lack of interest and enthusiasm for learning, providing special guidance to students, adding media and teaching materials as supporting tools in the classroom.

Poetry of the peoples of Russia at literature lessons in grades 5-9

Poetry of the peoples of Russia at literature lessons in grades 5-9

Analysis of the image of I.A. Brodsky in the media space at literature lessons in grade 11: The problem of literary reputation

Analysis of the image of I.A. Brodsky in the media space at literature lessons in grade 11: The problem of literary reputation

DESIGN OF LEARNING TASKS IN HISTORY DEVELOPING PERSONAL RESULTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF UPDATED FSES

The issue of achieving the results of mastering the basic educational programs is of particular relevance in the context of the practical implementation of the updated Federal State Educational Standards in the primary school. The article deals with learning tasks in history that form a group of personal results in different types of lessons in grades 6–10. The training tasks proposed by us cover all spheres of the development of personal results (patriotic education, civic education, spiritual and moral sphere, understanding of the value of scientific knowledge, aesthetic education, formation of a value attitude to life and health, labour and environmental education, adaptation to the changing conditions of social and natural environment) named in the Exemplary Work Program on History, have a variety of forms, and in some cases are directly related to the local history of Transbaikalia and the Pskov land. The article notes the significant educational potential of the discipline “History” for the formation of the internal position of students. Being in-cluded in a variety of activities in history lessons, students gain experience in exploring life meanings, understanding values, orientation in moral standards, which means they can develop their own existential attitude towards the world around them (nature, society) and themselves.

АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ - ТАҚЫРЫПТЫ МЕҢГЕРТУ АМАЛДАРЫНЫҢ БІРІ

The article discusses information technology-one of the methods of mastering the topic. The purpose of the introduction of new information technologies of education is to prepare on the basis of one of the full-fledged methods of mastering, the development of creative abilities of students. Their use contributes to changing the technology of providing educational services, makes the lesson visual and interesting, ensures the activity of teachers in the classroom, differentiates and individualizes. Training using information technology forms the tactics of mastering special or general talents. All this allows on the basis of one of the techniques of mastery. Due to the fact that teaching Kazakh language lessons in primary grades gives students inexhaustible opportunities for learning at a qualitatively new level based on one of the techniques of mastering information technologies. Information technologies provide ample opportunities for the development of students' personality and the realization of their abilities.

CRITICAL THINKING DEVELOPMENT IN THE 10TH GRADE STUDENTS DURING THE STUDY OF THE THEME «BIODIVERSITY»

The article deals with the study of the critical thinking development in the tenth grade students and methods of its implementation in biology lessons during the study of the theme «Biodiversity». A pedagogical experiment was conducted and characterized on the basis of Klevan Lyceum №1. It was proven that the application of various elements of critical thinking technology in biology lessons contributes to the effective development of students’ critical thinking, forms the ability to analyze and objectively evaluate, distinguish facts from opinions, solve problems, be able to find contradictions and find mistakes. A learning strategy with an implementation of a three-phase model «challenge – understanding – reflection» was used for studying the effectiveness of the methodology for the critical thinking development during the study of the theme «Biodiversity». The main stages of the model are characterized and examples of practical application of critical thinking development techniques in biology lessons in the10th grade are given, the effectiveness of the implementation of the methodology is analyzed. It was found that the average values of the main criteria of critical thinking after the experiment increased from 43.0% (input control) to 65.9%. The levels of indicators formation of students’ critical thinking significantly improved according to all evaluation criteria. Thus, in the experimental class, the high level of indicators of critical thinking formation according to value-need and regulatory-evaluative criteria is 20.8% higher than in the control class. The use of methods and techniques of technology for the critical thinking development, which were used in the study, showed their effectiveness during the knowledge assimilation by students, the formation of key competencies and the development of personal qualities. Thus, they are recommended for implementation in the educational process.

The activity method as a means of teaching in mathematics lessons in elementary grades

The state standard of education provides for a departure from the traditional transfer of ready-made knowledge from a teacher to a student. The task of the teacher becomes not only clearly and accessible in the classroom to explain, tell, show everything, but to include the student himself in educational activities, to organize the process of independent mastery of new knowledge by children, the application of the acquired knowledge in solving cognitive, educational, practical and life problems. The activity method of teaching is the organization of the educational process, in which the main place is given to active and versatile, to the maximum extent independent cognitive activity of the student.

THE METHOD OF THEATRICALIZATION IN TEACHING YOUNGER STUDENTS TO SOLVE COMPOSITE TASKS

The method of theatricalization is described, which is used in solving textual mathematical problems in mathematics lessons in elementary grades at all stages of working with a composite problem. This improves students’ understanding of the structure of the task, its semantic parts, increases the likelihood that the task will be solved correctly, and there will be a versatile development of students.

Early grade lesson preparation in Tanzania: teachers’ focus and perceived benefits

ABSTRACT This study investigated the perspectives of grade one and two teachers on the essential lesson preparation made and its usefulness in the teaching and learning process. Descriptive or transcendental phenomenology using semi-structured interviews collected data from 43 (18 first grade and 25-second grade) teachers sampled randomly among participants of in-service training programmes in Mufindi District Council and Mafinga Town Council in the Iringa region. Using thematic content analysis, the study established that teachers were aware of key preparation activities preceding a focused lesson. The lesson plan was their main activity for executing the selected learning activities using appropriate instructional strategies for equipping pupils with the desired learning competencies. Moreover, teachers prepared a lesson plan to guide and boost efficiency in terms of achieving lesson competency (ies), become confident; hence use for every lesson. The study concludes that most of the teachers supported the use of lesson plans to boost efficiency in teaching and learning and recommends that the production and distribution of the lesson plan be done by one unit/agency.

Styles of educational activities and teaching styles of teachers and the experience of subjectivity by students during remote lessons in grades 1-3 of primary school during the COVID -19 pandemic

The aim of the article was to present how teachers deal with managing online lessons. The author focused on the following categories: teacher learning styles, communications styles from teachers to students and lesson time. Results are based on observations of lessons conducted via the MS Teams during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was established that the dominant style of action of educators working with students of early childhood education is The instruction style is a dominant style of surveyed teachers. Most often they send directive messages to their students, and students spend an average of 22 minutes on learning new material during a whole lesson. The results were the starting point for answering the question about the opportunity to experience subjectivity during online lessons

К вопросу обучения творческому письму младших школьников

The purpose of the article is to determine the importance of teaching creative writing to younger schoolchildren. The urgency of the problem of teaching creative writing in the native Chuvash language is due to the need for the formation of text competencies in younger schoolchildren, the lack of formation of their native writing skills, especially creative writing. Material and methods of research. The main research methods were the study of literature, the analysis of teachers 'difficulties and errors in the students' works. A brief history of the issue is considered: the ideas of developing creative writing skills among foreign researchers: the most successful start of learning creative writing is 4-5 years old (M. Montessori), the need to believe in the creative abilities of a child (S. Frenet); leading domestic teachers: every child is born a potential writer (L. N. Tolstoy), the experiments of V. A. Sukhomlinsky and Sh. Amonashvili on composing fairy tales and stories by students, I. Ya. Yakovleva on teaching creative writing to students of the Chuvash Simbirsk school; the main provisions of the Chuvash linguodidacts: the support of written creativity on the development of oral speech (M. Ya. Sirotkin), on the observation of objects, phenomena (F. T. Timofeev), the need to study the structure and content of the text from the first grade (V. E. Efimov, I. V. Drozdov, L. P. Sergeev), the need to work on composing miniature texts in the native language lessons (D. S. Filippova). The main problems in teaching creative writing in the Chuvash primary school are highlighted. The assumption is made about the effectiveness of planning within the hours allocated to the native language, creative writing lessons. The results of the study. The purpose and tasks, features of the organization of creative writing lessons in grades 2-4 of Chuvash schools are described: it is recommended to conduct one lesson every two weeks, the main goal is the formation of a comprehensively developed language personality. The main directions, methods and forms of work: work on the content, structure of the text; on language tools, editing. It is concluded that the idea and provisions of the methods are accepted by teachers, and the lessons of creative writing are introduced into the practice of the Chuvash primary school.

Criteria for evaluation of educational achievements of primary school students with positional disorders in physical education lessons

The article substantiates the need to assess the success of junior high school students in physical education classes. The system of pedagogical control of coordination abilities of junior schoolchildren with postural disorders is presented, which objectively reflects the health effectiveness of physical education lessons in grades 1-4 and determines the quality of the process of motor training of students with musculoskeletal pathology. Given that coordination abilities and posture are interrelated, because since the mechanism of their development involves the same morphofunctional and psychophysiological indicators of the body, and informative strength and flexibility in forming a stereotype of posture, criteria for assessing the development of coordination skills, and as well as control tests and standards for assessing the strength of the muscular corset and flexibility of the spine of primary school children with posture defects. The choice of motor tests is related to the focus of exercise on the development of coordination skills, and also takes into account the informativeness of the strength of the muscular corset and the mobility of the spine. Objective criteria for assessing the academic achievements of students with postural disorders in physical education classes: in the motivational, cognitive and activity spheres are determined. There are three levels of academic achievement of student youth: low, medium, high. In an effort to achieve complete certainty in the establishment of a particular level, qualitative characteristics have been developed that allow to objectively assess the health effects of physical education lessons for students with posture defects.

Еducational potential of musical folklore in the process of teaching the history of Ukraine in the middle classes of secondary school

Educational potential of musical folklorein the teaching process of study subject History of Ukraine in the middle grades of secondary school has been highlighted in given article. The article offers special examples of the musical folklore use for didactic and educational purposes. Based on the analysis of the available Ukrainian folk song material, the author proves the need including folklore to the practice of teaching the history of Ukraine in the middle grades of secondary school. It was made also an analysis of the educational potential of Ukrainian musical folklore in the same spheres. In the era of globalization, which "wash away" traditional ethnic values, we consider the formulation of such an issue in terms of education relevant. The purpose of this study is to provide certain guidelines for history teachers on the use of musical folklore in the teaching process in history lessons in grades 5‑9 of high school. The methodology of the proposed article is based on the analysis, synthesis and specific development of methodological and general didactic guidelines for involving musical folklore in the history of Ukraine subject study plan. Conclusions. The proposed recommendations for the use of musical ethnography material in history lessons will enrich the sources of teachers' methodology and allow students to understand the connection between oral folklore and national history. The history of our people will be filled with real human emotions that have accompanied them for centuries and created the genetic code of the nation on which is based the understanding of national development.

Development of creative thinking in mathematics lessons in primary grades

Teaching mathematics is usually aimed at mastering and consolidating standard algorithms of actions. The use of tasks requiring a non-standard approach contributes to the development of schoolchildren's creativity, a more successful learning process. This article discusses examples of assignments for math lessons in elementary school, which contribute to the development of creative thinking in students.

The Use of Realia Media in The Learning Process Can Improve Student Learning Outcomes

The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics lessons in elementary grade IV with mathematics media in fractional addition arithmetic operations. The research conducted is Classroom Action Research (CAR) as much as 2 cycles. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementation, observation and reflection. Each meeting was conducted pre-test and post-test to determine the progress of students. In the first cycle, the students who completed the post test were 62.5%. In cycle II, students who completed the post-test were 100%. These results indicate that through realia media, fractional addition arithmetic operations can improve fourth grade learning outcomes at SD Negeri 1 Kayuloko.

Improved Learning Outcomes of Social Science Lessons Through Montase Technique

<p><em>The purpose of this research was to improve student learning outcomes in social science grade IV elementary shcool using montase technique. The reserach conducted was Classroom Action Research (PTK) with three cycles. The stages of each cycle are planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. In teh first cycle the student who complete were 59,1%, the second were 63,64%, and the third were 81,82%. These result indicate that montase technique can improve student learning outcomes, especially in social science lessons in grade IV Nidaul Hikmah Islamic Integrated Elementary School.</em></p>

Still a New Kid on the Block? Computational Thinking as Problem Solving in Code.org

Computational thinking is a means to understand and solve complex problems through using computer science concepts and techniques. While there is an increase in the number of initiatives focusing on coding, whether they (a) address computational thinking and problem-solving skills and (b) use methods of teaching problem solving is yet to be explored. As a preliminary step, this study focuses on examining 3rd grade lesson plans at Code.org. The analysis identified various components of computational thinking and problem solving as well as specific problem-solving teaching methods used to address these skills. Besides such cognitive outcomes, the findings also revealed affective, reflective, and social aspects of learning supported in the lessons.

EDUCATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL ENVIRONMENT AS A FACTOR OF SKILLS FORMATION OF SELF-ORGANIZATION OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS’ EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY

Modernization of educational activities determines the necessity for the formation of educational and developmental environment. Today, the development of students' self-organization in an educational and developmental environment is one of the main demands that modern society puts forward to the system of primary education. The purpose is to study the features of the educational and developmental environment, its classification; development of didactic games at the lessons of Writing and Mathematics that promote the development of pupils’ self-organization in an educational and developmental environment. Research methods: a logical method; methods of system analysis; comparative analysis has made it possible to compare phenomena in order to establish similarities or differences between them. The academic paper has highlighted the essence of the concepts “educational and developmental environment”, “self-organization of educational activities”. The components of the educational and developmental environment of primary school and its classification have been formed. The basic types of primary pupils’ self-organization under the influence of the educational and developmental environment have been considered. The stages of the ability of self-organization of primary schoolchildren’s educational activity within the conditions of educational and developmental environment have been determined. Examples of Writing lessons in grades 1 and 4 have been given at the above stages, which contribute to the formation of skills of self-organization of pupils’ learning activities. Thus, types of didactic games at the lessons of Writing and Mathematics have been offered, which make it possible to provide material in accessible, interesting form, form skills of self-organization of schoolchildren in educational environment.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ОБНОВЛЕННОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ЗАНЯТИЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРОЙ НА ФИЗИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ 1-2 КЛАССОВ

The article provides data and discusses the results of the formative pedagogical experiment conducted at physical education lessons in grades 1-2 of a number of secondary schools of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For the example of positive changes occurring in the physical development of boys and girls, a rather high efficiency of physical education lessons three times a week is characterized. Annual dynamics of improvement of indicators of growth and body weight, body mass index, the strength of the flexor, chest volume, actual (ACL) and proper values of vital capacity (PCL) of lungs of girls and boys are given. The data obtained were processed using generally accepted methods of mathematical statistics, evaluated using the physiological norms given in the methodological literature, and compared with the indicators of peers published by other researchers.

Analisis Metode Montessori dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Siswa Kelas Rendah SD/MI

Reading is the highest function that comes from the human brain. Reading as a basic foundation in academic ability. Therefore the introduction of the letter 'reading' as a first step to teach children / students in knowing, understanding, and inferring the meaning of reading. The purpose of this study provides a new concept of the montessori method in reading the beginning of children / students in Indonesian language lessons in low grades. This library research will explain validly and objectively about the related analysis. The research relies on sources from various established bibliographies such as scientific articles, theses and books. Then integrated into the substance of research or content analysis. The results of this study are: (1) providing a new pattern in stimulating understanding in reading the beginning of children/ students, (2) providing concepts in strengthening the absorption reading the beginning of children/students, (3) meeting the needs in the period sensitive and intellectual structure in learning to read the beginning of children/ students, (4) Development of new materials on the montessori method in concrete Indonesian language learning to improve the ability to read the beginning of children/students.