Grade Lesson Research Articles

Bulgarian Language 1st – 4th Grade Teaching and the Contemporary Challenges

The article focuses on the teachers’ frequently made mistakes in the application of the methodical approach in Bulgarian language 1 st – 4 th grade lessons. Some of the problems with the interpretation of linguistic concepts, the Bulgarian language lesson structure and the used methods and techniques are commented. The common mistakes are illustrated with specific examples for the different learning situations of Bulgarian language lessons. Some methodical ideas for overcoming of the observed shortcomings are proposed.

Формирование естественно-научной грамотности: задания для учащихся 8–9 классов

The author offers tasks that can be successfully used in chemistry lessons in grades 8–9 to form natural science literacy.

Pengaruh Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa pada Pembelajaran Ekonomi di Sekolah Penggerak SMAN 5 Banjarmasin

This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the merdeka curriculum designed by the Ministry of Education and Culture in increasing students' learning motivation in economics lessons. This research aims to find out whether the implementation of the independent curriculum has an influence on the economics learning motivation of 12th grade students at SMAN 5 Banjarmasin and how strong the relationship is between these two variables. The method in this research is quantitative descriptive. The subjects in this study were 231 students who chose economics lessons in 12th grade at SMAN 5 Banjarmasin, 70 samples were taken using the Slovin formula. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis, Spearman's Rank Correlation, and simple linear regression tests. The results of this research show that the regression test for the influence of the Merdeka Curriculum on learning motivation can be concluded, namely that there is a significant and positive influence between the application of the Merdeka Curriculum on the economic learning motivation of students at SMAN 5 Banjarmasin and the Spearman's Rank Correlation test shows that the Merdeka Curriculum and Learning Motivation have a positive relationship, with the sufficient or moderate category.

Assessing the Impact of the Project-Based Learning Approach on Students’ Academic Achievement and Attitudes toward English Lesson

This action research investigates the impact of Project-Based Learning (PBL) on students’ academic achievement and attitudes toward English lessons in grade twelve classrooms. PBL, characterized by inquiry-based projects, aims to cultivate higher-order thinking skills and enhance student engagement. The study compares the academic performance and attitudes of students exposed to PBL with those in traditional English learning settings. Data collection includes pre-and post-implementation assessments and surveys to gauge changes in achievement and attitudes. Findings suggest that PBL positively influences academic achievement and fosters favorable attitudes toward English lessons.

METHODS OF EDUCATION OF STUDENTS' SPEECH CULTURE

The article presents ideas about teaching methods, ideas, recommendations on the methodology for the development of written and oral speech of students in the Kyrgyz literature lesson. In our proposed school, exams on methods of adapting students to speech and writing activities were conducted in experimental classes. Using the example of Kyrgyz literature lessons in grades 5-8, the principles and means of applying the methods are described. Currently, there is a need to actively use our state language, especially office work, but there is reason to believe that some representatives of our nation do not speak the Kyrgyz language well, are able to make sentences and write competently. One of the reasons for illiteracy in the field of speech culture and writing is that a child from an early age in the family, kindergarten, school, secondary and higher educational institutions receives little influence on the rich language of folk tales, songs, dastans, including the national epic “Manas".

Mathematics discourse in instruction during functions lessons in grade 10 rural classrooms

Despite the global significance of functions in mathematics education, there has been limited research on how South African rural teachers address specific mathematical concepts related to functions. This qualitative multiple case study, conducted within a post-structural paradigm, delved into the discourses of Grade 10 teachers during functions lessons in rural classrooms. The study focused on the teaching of mathematical concepts related to functions and involved five mathematics teachers from rural school sites in Acornhoek, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. These teachers were selected based on their experience in teaching mathematics. The research employed semi-structured interviews, unstructured classroom observations, and Video-Stimulated Recall Interviews with all five teachers. By narrowing the focus to one teacher's lesson, this paper analyses the presentation of functions concepts using the Mathematical Discourse in Instruction (MDI) framework. The study revealed that clear teaching materials and learner-engaging instructional methods enable meaningful engagement and concept internalisation. Through the visible use of the components of the MDI framework, the teacher successfully engaged learners, clarified misconceptions, and encouraged learners' participation, ultimately enhancing the coherence and understanding of mathematical concepts related to functions in the Grade 10 classroom.

Использование чек-листов при изучении химии в 8 классе

The article presents the experience of developing and applying checklists in chemistry lessons in Grade 8.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA DAN KEAKTIFAN BELAJAR DI KELAS VI MI ASSULTHONIYAH KOTA PROBOLINGGO

Education has an important role in the process of developing students' potential, with a special emphasis on the role of mathematics, especially the subject matter of flat-sided spaces. Although efforts have been made to improve the quality of education, there are still problems, especially related to students' desire to learn mathematics. The importance of learning media that is interesting and easy to understand has become a major concern. In this case, the human body structure media, which is centered on the material of human body recognition which is one of the discussions of Biology lessons in grade VI SD / MI. This Research and Development study uses the ADDIE model. Validity by media experts and material experts is required during the development process. The results showed that this media, can bring changes to student learning outcomes so that they can experience an increase from before. The creation of human body structure media can be considered as a fun innovation. This media also has the potential to improve speaking skills and learning activeness and can be applied in the world of education.

Analisis Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Inovatif IPA Di SD

The purpose of this study was to explain the application of learning media and the impact of the application of innovative learning media in science lessons in grade VI SD. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques used interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are carried out by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The research subjects or data sources were class teachers and students of grade VI of SD Negeri 10 Kalideres. The results showed that the application of innovative learning media called Borama had a good impact. The conclusion of this study shows that the application of innovative learning media in science subjects, students become more understanding, not bored in learning activities and improve learning outcomes.

Program “Country of Aipin” (Out-of-Class Reading Lessons, Grades 5–7)

In his work, a literature teacher should always place special emphasis not only on the acquisition by children and adolescents of a certain amount of knowledge, but also on the development of the child’s cognitive and creative abilities as an individual, and the formation of a sense of patriotism. When a teacher introduces a child to the wonderful world of literature from the Little Motherland, he is able to teach him to make decisions and perform moral actions, i.e. master the key competencies that modern quality education requires. At all times, an important component in training and education is the formation of a patriotic feeling and respect for national culture. It is in this context that the “Country of Aipin” Program was compiled (extra-curricular reading lessons, grades 5–7), which is based on such a form of work as literary local history. The “Country of Aipin” program (extra-curricular reading lessons, grades 5–7), aimed at supporting and promoting reading, will help children immerse themselves in the literary world of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, perceive a book written by a local author as a source of spiritual ideals that shape the moral worldview of a growing child generation of Ugra. The curriculum for extracurricular reading was compiled for teachers of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra to conduct extracurricular reading lessons in grades 5–7 of a secondary school. The purpose of these lessons is to develop a taste for serious reading, create conditions for the formation of independent reading activity of schoolchildren in grades 5–7, introduce students to modern Ugra literature, form a general culture and erudition that contributes to the development of verbal logical thinking, cognitive activity, memory and speech. This program is built at the level of interdisciplinary connections. Recommended for teachers of literature and humanities subjects in secondary schools.

Pengembangan Komik Digital pada Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Negeri 35 Pontianak Selatan

This study aims to develop digital comics for science lessons in grade IV Elementary Schools that are suitable for use to assist the learning process in the independent curriculum. This research is a development research adapted from the Borg & Gall research model which includes potential and problem steps, data collection, product design, product validation, design revision, product testing and product revision. Quantitative data in this study were obtained from the validation of media and material experts, student responses and teacher responses, while qualitative data from this study were obtained from suggestions and comments from media experts, material experts, students and teachers. Research instruments in the form of interview guidelines and questionnaires. The data analysis technique used in this study is the feasibility analysis of digital comics from the media and material aspects, as well as the responses from students and teachers. The results of the study show that the feasibility of digital comic media shows an average value of 4.95 with the criteria of "Very Eligible" and the eligibility of digital comic material shows a percentage of 4.26 with the criteria of "Very Feasible". Then the students' responses to digital comics on a small scale get an average score of 4.75 while the large-scale average score gets an average score of 4.82 with the criteria of "Very Good" and the teacher's response to digital comics gets an average score -an average of 5 with the criteria of "Very Good".

Оценивание образовательных результатов учащихся 5-х классов в процессе обучения английскому языку в общеобразовательной школе в условиях реализации федерального государственного образовательного стандарта

The aim of the study is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally prove the effectiveness of using formative assessment tools during English lessons in grade 5 at secondary school in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Education Standard. The paper analyses and substantiates the potential of using formative assessment tools in the implementation of the system of assessing students’ educational results when teaching English in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Education Standard. The scientific novelty of the study lies in clarifying the essence of formative assessment, systematising formative assessment tools in the process of teaching English at secondary school. As a result, it has been proved that the use of additional formative assessment tools during English lessons makes it possible to assess subject, personal and meta-subject results as a whole, to track the dynamics of individual student achievements, the formation of self-control and self-esteem skills in the process of communicative activity in a foreign language.

Methods and Techniques for the Development of Written Speech of Students in Russian Language Lessons in a Kyrgyz School

The article discusses various classifications of methods and techniques for teaching coherent written speech of students, as well as the application of these methods in the Kyrgyz school at the level of 7-8 grades. The methods of reproductive and (partially) productive methods, in particular, the research productive method, are recognized as the most effective. The conclusion is made about the limitations in the use of a creative productive method in Russian language lessons in grades 7-8 of the Kyrgyz school.

Localization of a Module on Ecosystem (Science 7) in Schools Near the Mapanuepe Lake, Zambales

Creating an original instructional material in teaching science by relating learning content to local information and materials from the learner’s community is one of the main features of the K to 12 Curriculum that will enhance students’ achievement. The study aimed to develop and determine the acceptability of a localized module on ecosystem (Science 7) in Schools near the Mapanuepe Lake, Zambales. The study utilized mixed method- concurrent transformative design. The respondents of the study were four (4) selected evaluators and specialists in the field of Science from the Schools Division of Zambales. The researcher reviewed the grade 7 science curriculum guide then conducted a thorough observation on community near the Mapanuepe Lake, Zambales. Afterwards, he developed a localized module that was given to the respondents identified by the researcher together with the evaluation form. The results of the evaluation were used by the researcher in improving some aspects of the module to come up with a Localized Module on Interaction (Science 7). Results revealed that lessons in Grade 7 Science that concerned with the environment are components of an ecosystem, ecological relationships, and transfer of energy through trophic levels. The module was acceptable. The overall mean 4.52 indicates that the module is Excellent. This means that the aspects of module are very adequately covered and the quality is superior. Five major themes emerged to describe the comments and suggestions of the evaluators and specialists in the improvement of the module. These are the following: Localized activities, Activities are organized, Objectives are met, Translate localized terms, Complete and Simplified.

On the issue of studying proper names in the linguoculturological aspect in the lessons of Russian as a non-native language

The article discusses the most effective methodological means of work when teaching proper names in Uzbek schools. It is insufficient to use only the linguistic aspect, presented in the current textbooks of the Russian language, it is important to use the linguoculturological approach in modern schools, since it is necessary to form schoolchildren’s cultural competence. The research uses such methods as question-naires, analyses and generalizations. We prove that the study of proper names in the linguoculturological aspect will contribute to the expansion of the linguistic and cultural outlook of Uzbek schoolchildren. The conducted research confirms the idea that anthroponyms and toponyms require more attention. The list of proper names, proposed by us, made it possible to draw the attention of Uzbek schoolchildren to outstanding figures of Russian science, culture and education. The names of the most famous cities, rivers, and lakes of Russia are also included in our list, which Uzbek schoolchildren got acquainted with in Russian lessons in grades 5-6 during the 2021-2022 academic year. The most effective method of work turned out to be mini-projects about proper names, which were carried out by students during the school year. We believe that the results of our study may be of interest for teaching Russian as a non-native language, as well as for postgraduate and undergraduate students of Russian.

Development of Nabr Al-Ashwat Al-Arabiyyah Materials to Enhance the Arabic Speaking Skills of Students

The purpose of this study was to determine how the development of nabr al-ashwat al-arabiyyah material improved the Arabic speaking skills of Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Junior High School students. This research utilised a research and development method with the ADDIE model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The data collection process employed observation, questionnaires, interviews and tests. The results explain that judging from the average pre-test value, it can be said that nabr material has proven effective in improving the speaking proficiency of the material Arabic lessons in grade IX of Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Junior High School students. The researcher concluded that the development of nabr material from the pre-test results obtained an average value (mean) of 60.27, the minimal value being 48, the maximum value being 70 and the standard deviation being 6.036. while in the post-test table the average student score (mean) is 82.77, the minimum value being 70.00, the maximum value being 98.00 and the standard deviation being 8.149, which was proven by the effectiveness test using the JASP application. The paired samples t-test showed an increase in self-regulation (t (36) = -21.761, p <.001). This data shows that the p-value is <0.05; hence, it can be concluded that the data is significant. Furthermore, the Cohen's d table shows an effect of -3.627.

Electronic Strategic Intervention Material (e-SIM) in Grade 7 (Biology): Effects on Students’ Performance

As everyone is conforming to living with the pandemic, all offers and possible means in the education sector must be applied to help every learner manage their assignments. To help educators in assisting learners in doing their home works, DepEd Memo No. 177 s. 2005 -Training Workshop on Strategic Interventions for successful learning was created. This intervention aimed to enhance teachers’ skills in test analysis and interpretation and capacitate them in developing varied intervention materials for remediation and enrichment of knowledge. This training prompted the teachers to develop and use Strategic Intervention Material in teaching their subject areas. This study attempted to determine the effectiveness of electronic strategic intervention material in conducting remedial lessons in Grade 7 Biology in a public national high school, Division of Antipolo City for the school year 2022-2023. This study utilized Quasi-experimental research with Non-print Rating Sheets and pretest and posttest as data gathering instruments. Pretest and posttest were administered to thirty-five (35) Grade 7 students to measure their academic performance before and after the use of the Electronic Strategic Intervention Material. The findings showed that Science experts and teachers evaluated the e-SIM with grand mean ratings of 3.88 and 3.87, respectively, verbally interpreted as Very Satisfactory in terms of content quality, instructional quality, technical quality, and accuracy and up-to-datedness. Results also showed that there is a significant difference between the academic performance of the student respondents on the pretest and posttest after the utilization of e-SIM as revealed by the computed mean scores of 13.37 for the pretest and 34.77 for the posttest.

CROSS-PEDAGOGY AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL FOR FORMING THE GRAPHIC CULTURE OF STUDENTS IN 8–9 GRADES IN TECHNOLOGY CLASS

In modern world, with the development of information technologies, graphic culture is becoming more and more relevant and important. Many professions, from design to engineering, require workers to understand and create graphics and multimedia materials. In addition, in today’s world, where much attention is paid to visual perception, graphic culture is an important component of modern culture. In this regard, it is important to form the graphic culture of students at the stage of school education. Unfortunately, traditional teaching methods are not always effective in this respect. Therefore, the use of cross-pedagogy can be an excellent tool for forming the graphic culture of students in technology lessons. So, the relevance of this topic is to consider the possibilities of using cross-pedagogy as an effective tool for forming the graphic culture of 8th-9th grade students in technology lessons. The purpose of the article is to reveal the effectiveness of the use of cross-pedagogy when forming the graphic culture of 8th-9th grade students in technology lessons.
 This article examines in detail the use of cross-pedagogy technology for the formation of the graphic culture of students in technology lessons for grades 8-9. It is emphasized that cross-pedagogy is an innovative technology that ensures the efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process. The article highlights the main principles of cross-pedagogy and its influence on the formation of graphic culture of students in technology classes. Different methods of using cross-pedagogy in technology classes, such as group work, project activities, interactive methods, etc., are analysed, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The article provides specific examples of the use of cross-pedagogy for the formation of the graphic culture of students of grades 8-9, which allows the reader to better understand the essence of technology and its possibilities. As a result of the research, it was established that the use of cross-pedagogy in technology lessons is an effective means of forming the graphic culture of students and contributes to their successful learning.
 The article also examines various types of cross-pedagogy, including cross-cultural, cross-course, and cross-disciplinary pedagogy. In addition, examples of the use of various tools of cross-pedagogy technology to increase the effectiveness of forming students’ graphic culture in technology lessons will be considered. The article also examines the role of the teacher in the application of cross-pedagogy in technology lessons and indicates the need to train teaching staff to use this technology. In general, the article contains a comprehensive approach to the use of cross-pedagogy for the formation of graphic culture of 8-9 grade students in technology lessons.

The Effectiveness of Learning Cycle 5E Model toward Students’ Science Process Skills in Natural Science Subject

The Objective to be achieved is to determine the effectiveness of using the Learning Cycle 5E Model in natural science lessons in grade V of MIS Darussalam by looking at the ability of students’ science process skills in the learning and the outcomes. This study used the field research method with a one-group pre–test–post–test model. The population of this study was grade V MIS Darussalam with the sample taken from grade V A which amounted to 15 students. The data collection techniques used were tests, observation, documentation, and interviews. After all the data were collected, then the N-Gain Score test was conducted to see the level of learning effectiveness. The result obtained in this study showed that the Learning Cycle 5E model was effectively used in science subjects with the ability of students’ science process skills reaching 77% in the good category and the student learning outcomes using the Cycle 5E learning model ≥ KKM reached 80% percentage and the result of the N-Gain score obtained a value of 0.6131 which indicates that the effectiveness level of using Learning Cycle 5E model is in the Moderate category.

ANALISIS METODE CIRC (COORPERATIVE INTEGRETED READING AND COMPOSITION) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR

This study aims to describe the reading comprehension skills of fifth grade students of SD Islam Harapan Ibu by using the CIRC method. This research used descriptive qualitative research design. This research uses observation, interview, and documentation as data accumulation methods. Data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing are the data analysis approaches used. In this research that uses the CIRC (Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition) method, it shows an increase in students' reading comprehension skills. This can be proven through the results of the LKPD work done in groups by students, as well as the ability of students to present the results of their discussions and the value of reading comprehension skills that increase. This CIRC method is very effective and very suitable for developing students' reading comprehension skills in Indonesian language lessons in grade V students of SD Islam Harapan Ibu.