Leptin Values Research Articles

Investigation of Adiponectin, Leptin, Retinol Binding Protein-4 and Resistin Levels in Non-Diabetic and Non-Obese Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the levels of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and RBP-4 in the serum of NAFLD with non-obese and non-diabetic cases. METHODS: A total of 81 people aged between 25-72 were included in the study. 56 obese and non-diabetic NAFLD cases with fatty liver detected by ultrasonography (US) were compared with a control group of 25. Liver function tests and lipid profile analysis of all cases were performed, insulin resistance (HOMA –IR) was evaluated. Liver biopsy was performed in 18 patients. Biopsy patients were staged according to their groups. Serum values of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and RBP-4 were measured in all cases by ELISA method. RESULTS: Waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and HOMA-IR values were higher in the NAFLD group and were considered statistically significant. Lipid profiles and adipokine levels were similar in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The mean values of adiponectin, resistin, leptin and RBP-4 were compared according to the biopsy stage, and the mean of leptin and resistin was not associated with the biopsy stage. A positive correlation was found between HOMA-IR and biopsy stage, and a negative correlation between averages of adiponectin and RBP-4. CONCLUSION: Unfortunately, not being overweight or fit doesn’t always lead to better health. Obese and non-diabetic individuals may also be at risk of fatty liver and steatohepatitis. Adipokines, which have roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, are increasingly important in detecting steohepatitis at an early stage. However, in our study, we did not find any significant differences between the groups in terms of adipokine profiles. For this purpose, studies with larger biopsy-based cases are needed.

Diagnostic Value of Combined Serum IL-6, TNF-α, and Leptin Levels in Patients with Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis.

The current study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of serum proinflammatory factors, including IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin, in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson's correlation assay was performed to evaluate the correlation between serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin. ROC analysis was carried out to explore the diagnostic value of IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin for PTOA patients. Compared with the control group, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin in the serum of patients with PTOA were significantly higher. Moreover, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin increased along with Kellgren Lawrence (K-L) grading in patients with PTOA. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that serum IL-6 was positively correlated with TNF-α and leptin, and TNF-α was positively correlated with leptin. More importantly, the AUC of combined serum IL-6, TNF-α, and leptin levels in PTOA patients was 0.946 with the sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 61%, which was close to the AUC of X-ray results (0.972, with the sensitivity and specificity 63% and 96%). In summary, combined use of serum TNF-α, IL-6, and leptin levels can act as biomarkers to distinguish between PTOA patients and healthy controls before standard radiography.

Explore the Characteristics of Age, BMI and Blood Composition of Breast Cancer Patients Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis

In this paper, through a series of analysis and testing of breast cancer detection data, the statistical rules of multiple objects and multiple indicators are analyzed in the case of their correlation. First of all, univariate diagnosis and multivariate diagnosis were performed on the data. Among them, when studying the correlation between variables, it was found that HOMA had a clear linear positive correlation with insulin content in blood. It is worth noting that some patients with breast cancer show a high degree of insulin resistance and blood insulin content, which is a feature not found in samples without breast cancer. Then, through single factor analysis of variance, we believe that there were significant differences in blood test conditions, ages, and BMI indicators of samples of different health conditions. Next, the principal component analysis was used to reduce the dimension of the data. In this study, the differences in age, BMI, and blood component content between the two groups with different health conditions can be summarized by these two independent factors. Among them, the absolute value of the MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) coefficient in the main component 1 is large, reflecting the characteristics of the blood component of the sample; the load values of glucose and leptin in the main component 2 are large, reflecting similar results. Then, assuming the use of m = 3 factor model and the use of maximum likelihood method and principal component method, the original data and factor rotation data are re-analyzed, so that the variables are reduced to 3 factors for analysis. Among them, the maximum likelihood method is used to estimate the factor rotation data. The first factor reflects the insulin resistance factor attributed to insulin and HOMA indicators, and the second factor reflects the body fat and thin factor attributed to BMI and leptin. The third factor reflects the glucose content in the blood. Finally, by setting different misjudgment costs for discriminant analysis, the obtained APER is 0.1638 and EAER is 0.1872. Among them, the probability of discriminating patients with breast cancer from not having breast cancer is 0.09375, which is a low rate of misjudgment and also means the model established in this paper is efficient.

Role of Leptin in Neoplastic and Biliary Tree Disease.

Leptin is a small hormone of protein nature, it is strongly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and its functioning mechanism is not yet well known or whether or not it is actually secreted by cholangiocytes, nor if the biliary tree expresses its receptors. In the past, various studies have tried to correlate leptin levels with certain neoplasms. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that serum leptin values can become a new sensitive and specific serum marker for cholangiocarcinoma. Seventy-two patients with gallbladder stones, hepatolithiasis with benign biliary stenosis, cholangiocarcinoma, and a group of patients without hepato-biliary diseases were enrolled in the study. In all cases blood and bile samples were collected for evaluation of leptin levels and liver biopsies were performed to confirm diagnosis. In all patients, both ultrasound and cholangio-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to complete the diagnostic procedure. Twenty-two patients were affected by cholangiocarcinoma, 50 by benign biliary disease (35 cholelithiasis and 6 hepatolithiasis and 9 by inflammatory biliary stenosis). The mean values of serum leptin in patients with cholangiocarcinoma were 19.28±8.76 ng/ml, significantly higher than those observed in non-neoplastic biliary diseases. Serum leptin levels might be a useful marker to differentiate patients with cholangiocarcinoma from those with biliary lithiasis and inflammatory stenosis.

Adiponectin and leptin levels in migraineurs: Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Background: Relationships of adipokines (ADP) with migraine are not well-established. We examined the relationship of adiponectin and leptin with migraine by aura symptoms. Methods: In a baseline cross-sectional data of Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), associations of ADP levels and migraine were assessed in a sample of 257 nondiabetic subjects, free from cardiovascular disease. Associations of ADP tertiles (dependent variable) and migraine status were tested using logistic regression models. Categories of migraine were created as follows: no headache (reference), migraine with aura (MA), and migraine without aura (MO) in all sample and by sex. Odds ratio (OR) with respective 95% confidence interval (CI) adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome. Results: Among participants (46 years ± SD: 4.8), 47.5% were women and 36.2% had migraine (16.7% MA). Median values of leptin (ng/mL) increased gradually across subgroup: no headache: 9.5 (interquartile range (IQR): 5.5–15.7) versus MO: 17.0 (IQR: 10.9–34.2) versus MA: 20.9 (IQR: 11.7–29.3), overall p value <0.0001, but not for adiponectin levels. After full adjustment, the third of leptin was positively associated with MA (OR 2.89 (1.00–8.4)) and the second of adiponectin was associated with MO (OR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.09–6.96, p = 0.03). Positive associations with MA, second (OR 3.81; 95% CI: 1.07–13.59; p = 0.04) and third tertile of leptin (6.54; 95% CI: 1.74–24.57, p = 0.005), were also observed in women, but not in men. Conclusions: Positive associations between ADP and migraine, particularly between MA and leptin levels in women, raise the possibility of adipocytokines and play a role in migraine pathophysiology.

Relationship of Serum Leptin and Reproductive Hormones in Unexplained Infertile and Fertile Females.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum leptin and reproductive hormones in females with unexplained infertility (UI).Methodology: It was a case-control study conducted in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department and Infertility Clinic, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 235 primary infertile females with an unidentified cause of infertility were selected from the Infertility Clinics. The patients were excluded if they were found to have polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, tubal blockage, irregular menstrual cycles, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, hyperandrogenemia, fasting blood sugar >110 mg/dl, and male factor infertility. A total of 205 healthy, fertile females were selected from the general population. The blood samples of both groups were collected on the 12th and 21st day of their menstrual cycle. Serum leptin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and E2 levels were measured. Statistical analysis was executed using the SPSS version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL).Results: No significant difference was observed in leptin values of fertile and UI females, 37.110±1.19 vs. 35.321±0.901. In the preovulatory phase (12th day) of the cycle, infertile subjects with body mass index (BMI) <20 and 20-24.9 had significantly higher values for leptin (p<0.05), whereas, with an increase in BMI, leptin levels were reduced in these females. Leptin was reduced further in the luteal phase of infertile females with BMI 25-30, with a significantly lower value for FSH (p<0.005), LH (p<0.005), and estradiol (p<0.005. In infertile subjects, it correlated with estradiol (r=0.501, p<0.005), BMI (r=0.903, p<0.001), and progesterone (r=0.146, p<0.05).Conclusion: Low levels of leptin observed to have an increase in the BMI of UI females were associated with a reduced estradiol and progesterone production in the luteal phase of the cycle.

Diagnostic Value of Leptin in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of the Iii Degree in Patients with Excessive Body Weight

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) still remains a serious problem for the public health care system, since it commonly causes disability and mortality among the working population. Frequent combination of COPD with concomitant diseases is a key factor in predicting COPD consequences. Recently, the number of patients with a combination of COPD and overweight is on the increase, which is considered as a mutual aggravating factor and negatively affects the prognosis of the disease in such patients.&#x0D; The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of leptin in progression of COPD (III degree of bronchial obstruction in patients with overweight) course by studying its level in blood serum.&#x0D; Materials and methods: There were examined 112 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD GOLD III) in different phases of pathological process. The pulmonary function (PF) test was performed by means of “SPIROKOM” device (Ukraine). The degree of overweight was determined by calculating the body mass index (BMI) using the formula І = m/h² (m – body mass in kilograms, h – height, in square meters (kg/m²). The level of leptin of systemic inflammatory markers was determined by a solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in blood serum: “DRG Leptin Elisa” (Germany).&#x0D; Results and conclusions: The study revealed that overweight leads to a more severe course of COPD (III degree of bronchial obstruction), and the determination of leptin may serve as a diagnostic criterion in the progression of this pathology.

Long-Term Changes in Leptin, Chemerin, and Ghrelin Levels Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Published reports showed conflicting results regarding the sustained alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin concenratios after metabolic surgery. Therefore, we performed the present work to contrast the alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin levels one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The present research is a prospective, comparative one that followed 100 cases for whom RYGB or LSG was done. We assessed the serum values of adiposity-associated mediators, including adipokcytokines (leptin and active chemerin) and gastrointestinal hormones (total ghrelin). The primary outcome in the present study was the alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin values at 12 months after RYGB and LSG. The serum leptin level decreased significantly in the LSG group with a mean change of - 170.8 ± 29.4 ng/mL (p < 0.001). Similarly, the serum leptin concentration decreased significantly in the RYGB group, with a mean change of - 165.42 ± 53.4 (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean reduction in baseline chemerin levels 12 months after the operation was considerable in the LSG cohort (- 23.24 ± 9.5 ng/mL) and RYGB group (- 22.12 ± 15.9 ng/mL). The ghrelin values demonstrated a notable reduction in the LSG cohort (- 0.083 ± 0.11 pg/mL) and RYGB group (- 0.068 ± 0.097 pg/mL). However, the changes in the three hormones were not substantially different between both groups (p > 0.05). Both RYGB and LSG result in a considerable, comparable decrease in the postoperative serum concentrations of leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin.

The effect of the artificial sweeteners on glucose metabolism in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blinded, crossover clinical trial.

This study aimed to determine the effect of pure forms of sucralose and aspartame, in doses reflective of common consumption, on glucose metabolism. Healthy participants consumed pure forms of a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) that were mixed with water and standardized to doses of 14% (0.425 g) of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for aspartame and 20% (0.136 g) of the ADI for sucralose every day for 2 weeks. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, insulin, active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and leptin. Seventeen participants (10 females and 7 males; age, 24 ± 6.8 years; body mass index, 22.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2) participated in the study. The total area under the curve values of glucose, insulin, active GLP-1 and leptin were similar for the aspartame and sucralose treatment groups compared with the baseline values in healthy participants. There was no change in insulin sensitivity after NNS treatment compared with the baseline values. These findings suggest that daily repeated consumption of pure sucralose or aspartame for 2 weeks had no effect on glucose metabolism among normoglycaemic adults. However, these results need to be tested in studies with longer durations. Novelty Daily consumption of pure aspartame or sucralose for 2 weeks had no effect on glucose metabolism. Daily consumption of pure aspartame or sucralose for 2 weeks had no effect on insulin sensitivity among healthy adults.

Sex-linked changes and high cardiovascular risk markers in the mature progeny of father, mother, or both father and mother consuming a high-fructose diet.

The aim of this study was to observe the developmental origins of health and disease affecting offspring owing to the consumption of a diet containing high fructose by the father or mother or both, considering that progeny only received a control diet during postnatal life. Male (future father) and female (future mother) C57 BL/6 mice were fed a high-fructose diet (HFru; 45% energy) or a control diet (C) for 8 wk before mating until lactation. The offspring was termed according to sex, maternal diet (first acrostic), and paternal diet (second acrostic); and received a balanced control diet until 3-mo of age when they were sacrificed. Body mass (BM), plasmatic leptin, adiponectin, uric acid, and systolic blood pressure (BP) were measured in mature offspring. Fasting glycemia and insulin were elevated in HFru fathers and mothers. Although there was no change in BM, fasting glycemia, or insulin of the offspring, those of HFru fathers, HFru mothers, and HFru fathers and mothers presented higher genital fat pad, leptin, uric acid, and BP, and lower adiponectin. The values of leptin and BP were maximized when both parents consumed a HFru diet. Also, there was sexual dimorphism in most of the variables, with the male offspring being affected to a greater extent than the females. Consumption of a fructose-rich diet by the father, the mother, or both negatively affected the adipokines, BP, and uric acid concentrations of mature offspring, with males being more affected than females. It is significant to consider that high BP and plasmatic uric acid correspond to markers of elevated cardiovascular risk in the progeny.

P730Decreased adiponectin levels and FDG uptake in visceral adipose tissue in familial combined hyperlipidemia compared to heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and normolipidemics

Abstract Background Adipose tissue regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis via the secretion of circulating molecules, termed adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. Excess adiposity and adipose tissue dysfunction have been involved in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemias. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with F-18-Fluorodeoxyglycose (FDG) has been used for the assessment of adiposity. Purpose To compare abdominal adipose tissue function assessed by FDG uptake with serum indices, such as plasma adipokines' levels in individuals with different subtypes of dyslipidemia and normolipidemics. Methods Seventy individuals (mean age 44±13 years, range 21–75, 43 men) with a clinical diagnosis of either heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH) (n=38) or familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) (n=32), not under statins for at least one year, and 20 age and sex matched controls, were enrolled. Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic activity (SAT) was assessed with FDG-PET/CT imaging and was quantified by calculating the target-to-background ratios (TBR) in consecutive axial fat images between the proximal (cephalic) end of the L1 and distal (caudal) end of the L3 vertebrae by dividing the average of the mean standard uptake value (SUV) to the mean SUV of the vena cava. Leptin and adiponectin were measured in all the subjects. Results There was no significant difference of plasma leptin values between FCH, heFH and non dyslipidemics subjects (p=0.204). FCH had reduced adiponectin values compared to heFH patients and controls [median 5.7 IQR (3.9–7.6) vs. 13.1 (9.2–23.3) vs. 10.9 (6.1–19.1) μg/mL, respectively, p&lt;0.001]. There was no difference in FDG uptake in subcutaneous adipocytes (SATTBR) between FCH, heFH and controls (p=0.161). In contrast, patients with FCH had reduced VATTBR values compared to heFH patients and controls (0.63±0.14 versus 0.81±0.17 versus 0.86±0.28, p=0.005). This difference remained significant even after adjustment for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors (b=-0.428, p=0.001, adjusted R2=0.219). SATTBR was inversely correlated to leptin levels (r=−0.484, p&lt;0.001), while no significant association was observed with adiponectin values (p=0.167). No significant associations were observed between VATTBR and either serum leptin (p=0.066) or adiponectin levels (p=0.254). Conclusions Visceral adipose tissue FDG uptake is reduced in patients with FCH compared to those with heFH and normolipidemics. In addition, serum adiponectin levels are lower in patients with FCH. These findings highlight the different pathophysiological role of visceral fat function in the two most common types of familial dyslipidemia and suggest that visceral fat could be an attractive target for the treatment of FCH.

Association Between Serum Leptin Level and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.

BackgroundThe pathophysiological process of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is similar to that of atherosclerosis. Leptin accelerates the process of atherosclerosis. We sought to examine the relationship between leptin and CAVD.Methods and ResultsSerum leptin was measured in 397 consecutive patients undergoing standard transthoracic echocardiography and Doppler flow imaging. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between leptin and CAVD. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of phosphorylated and total extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. Serum leptin (median) was higher in 200 patients with CAVD than that in 197 non‐CAVD controls (20.07 versus 9.03 ng/mL; P<0.01). Leptin correlated positively with age (r=0.37, P<0.01) and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=−0.37, P<0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that elevated leptin was an independent determinant for the presence of CAVD (P<0.01). Receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis of leptin to detect the presence of CAVD showed that the area under the curve was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69–0.79; P<0.01). The diagnostic value of leptin for the detection of CAVD was higher among younger patients (aged ≤65 years) or those with at least mildly reduced renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤82.06 mL/min per 1.73 m2). The activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 was stronger in calcific aortic valves than in normal aortic valves.ConclusionsElevated leptin is associated with the presence of CAVD, especially among younger patients or those with renal dysfunction.

Biomarkers of prehypertension and hypertension in women

The percentage of undiagnosed prehypertensive and hypertensive women are high in the population of Kazakhstan. Our study assessed biomarkers in prehypertension and hypertension in women. 203 women were divided into 3 groups: “pre-hypertensive” group ( n = 30, 46.6 ± 6.2 y.o.) with a systolic blood pressure from 120 to 139 mmHg or/and a diastolic blood pressure from 80 to 89 mm Hg. In the “hypertensive” group the blood pressure was > = 140/90 mmHg ( n = 73, 46.6 ± 5.6 y.o.). In the normotensive group the blood pressure was < = 120/80 mm Hg ( n = 100, 44.2 ± 5.9 y.o.). The MILLIPLEX MAP Human CVD 1 Magnetic Bead kit was used for the quantification of cardiovascular biomarkers in venous samples. The quantification of the level of cardiac markers was carried out on the Bio-Plex®3D multiplex analyzer Suspension Array System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., USA). The values of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase-MB (CK MB), and leptin were statistically increased in women depending on their blood pressure. The BNP values in the hypertensive group (Me = 157.9 pg/ml, Q 1 = 53.75 pg/ml and Q 3 = 229.6 pg/ml) were statistically greater (p = 0.016) than in the normotensive group (Me = 85.14 pg/ml, Q 1 = 18.55 pg/ml and Q 3 = 113.9 pg/ml). The BNP values in the prehypertension group were greater than in the normotensive group and less than in the hypertensive group (Me = 73.00 pg/ml, Q 1 = 35.52 pg/ml and Q 3 = 139.4 pg/ml). The CK MB values in the hypertensive group (Me = 3693 pg/ml, Q 1 = 3105 pg/ml and Q 3 = 6178 pg/ml) were statistically higher (p = 0.022) than in the normotensive group (Me = 2688 pg/ml, Q 1 = 1629 pg/ml and Q 3 = 4532 pg/ml). The CK MB values in the prehypertension group were greater than in the normotensive group and less than in the hypertensive group (Me = 2722 pg/ml, Q 1 = 1833 pg/ml and Q 3 = 5266 pg/ml). In addition, the values of leptin in the hypertensive group (Me = 23910 pg/ml, Q 1 = 14510 pg/ml and Q 3 = 54824 pg/ml) were statistically greater (p = 0.001) than in the normotensive group (Me = 18256 pg/ml, Q 1 = 9287 pg/ml and Q 3 = 34843 pg/ml). The leptin values in the prehypertension group were: Me = 26424 pg/ml, Q 1 = 10514 pg/ml and Q 3 = 53060 pg/ml. In hypertensive women, serum BNP, CK-MB and leptin levels were significantly different from the same parameters in control women. Pre-hypertensive patients were in-between the normotensive and the hypertensive groups. However, biomarkers were not statistically different in women with prehypertension and those from the two other groups. Thus, patients with pre-hypertension cannot longer be attributed to healthy individuals although, they have not yet pronounced clinical and laboratory signs of arterial hypertension, the mechanisms of arterial hypertension are already running. Our results showed that there is need to develop recommendations for the identification and monitoring of patients with pre-hypertension in order to prevent the development of irreversible cardiovascular alterations.

Leptin Values in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia

Leptin Values in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia

A Diet-Induced Pediatric Model of Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Neonatal Iberian Pigs (OR26-02-19)

ObjectivesThe prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children has increased over the past decades, creating a need for animal models that recapitulate the features of the pediatric disease. Iberian pigs have a leptin-resistant phenotype characterized by hyperleptinemia, hyperphagia, and extreme adipogenesis. We hypothesized that neonatal Iberian pigs fed a high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet will develop a pattern of liver injury resembling pediatric NAFLD. In addition, we sought to determine if a mixture of probiotics would prevent the disease. MethodsAnimals were fed 1 of 4 diets containing (g/kg body weight × d) 0 g fructose, 11 g fat and 199 kcal (CON-N; n = 8), 22 g fructose, 16 g fat and 300 kcal (HFF-N; n = 6), CON + probiotic (CON-P; n = 6), or HFF + probiotic (HFF-P; n = 6) every 6 h for 70 d. The probiotic mixture (6.2 × 104cfu/mL) contained Pediococcus, Lactobacillus and Bacillus. Body weight was recorded every 3 d. Serum markers of liver injury and dyslipidemia were measured on d 65 at 2 h post feeding. Fasting leptin, insulin, glucose and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values were assessed on d 70. Liver tissue was collected on d 70 for histology, triacylglyceride (TG) quantification, and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, tumor growth factor (TGF) β, interleukin (IL) 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c. ResultsBody weight was higher in CON-P, and insulin and HOMA values in HFF-P and CON-P (P ≤ 0.05). Leptin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin were increased (P ≤ 0.001), and high and low density lipoproteins decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in HFF-N and HFF-P. Livers in HFF-P and HFF-N had higher relative weight and TG (P ≤ 0.001), micro and macrovesicular steatosis, ballooning degeneration, Mallory-denk bodies, inflammation and necrosis, increased gene expression of TNFα, TGFβ, IL1α and PPARγ (P ≤ 0.001), and decreased ChREBP (P ≤ 0.001). ConclusionsIberian pigs fed a HFF diet recapitulate many pediatric NAFLD-associated features, in the absence of obesity and independently of probiotic supplementation, suggesting a potentially suitable model for pediatric NAFLD research. Funding SourcesARI, AcornSeekers.

Leptin Gene Polymorphism, Plasma Leptin Levels And Aerobic Capacity In Response To Intense Exercise

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes, and body composition, plasma leptin levels, and aerobic capacity in response to 48 h of intense exercise. METHODS: Male Brazilian Army cadets (n=163; 21.6±0.4 years) were genotyped for the LEP 19G>A (rs2167270) and -2548G>A (rs7799039), and LEPR 668A>G (rs1137101) polymorphisms. Anthropometric, hormonal and aerobic capacity parameters were measured 48 h after intense military exercise. RESULTS: Sixty-seven percent of participants were classified as having superior aerobic conditioning (VO2max=55.2±0.2 mL∙kg-1∙min-1), and had lower plasma leptin levels (36%, P=0.008) than subjects classified as having excellent aerobic conditioning. Considering all subjects VO2max correlated negatively with fat mass (r=-0.212; P=0.007), whereas plasma leptin level correlated positively with body fat (r=0.642, P=0.005) and fat mass (r=0.723, P=0.001), and negatively with VO2max (r=-0.223, P=0.005). Only individuals homozygous for the wild-type homozygote for LEP -2548G>A SNP had higher plasma leptin values (59%), body fat (85%), and fat mass (82%) (P<0.05) compared to those with a GA genotype. LEP -2548G>A SNP was a positive predictor for plasma leptin levels (B=0.217, P=0.02), after adjusting for fat mass, and therefore, genotype effects may affect leptin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism in the leptin promoter gene may influence plasma leptin levels, but not aerobic capacity, in response to intense physical exercise. Additional studies are needed to show the precise contribution of the SNPs on aerobic capacity. Financial support FAPERJ.

Role of leptin as a biomarker for early detection of renal cell carcinoma? No evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the commonest from of renal neoplasm. Although surgery is a successful curative treatment for localized RCC, most patients are diagnosed with advanced or metastatic RCC, which has poor prognosis. RCC is classified by stage and grade using tissue samples. Whilst these provide good prognostic information, they are not very useful for early detection. Proteins that are dysregulated in patient’s serum can be a valuable alternative and less invasive biomarker for early detection of the disease. For this reason, a hypothesis was formed that leptin is a possible biomarker for early detection and prognostication of RCC. The literature has disparate results on the usefulness of leptin as a biomarker for the early detection of RCC. Hence, a systematic review and a meta-analysis was carried out to investigate whether serum leptin could be a reliable diagnostic and prognostic factor in RCC patients. Literature on the available cohort and case-control studies on serum leptin in RCC was searched in electronic databases and included to evaluate this adipokine in the progression of RCC. The relevant studies were evaluated for the diagnostic and prognostic value of leptin in RCC patients. Overall, only 6 original research studies matched selection criteria and were included for meta-analysis. This study was hypothesised that; leptin might be a useful biomarker for early detection and prognostication of RCC. However, the data were presented in this study did not support our hypothesis. Serum leptin levels in RCC patients do not strongly associate with the development or progression of RCC, thus cannot act as a biomarker for early detection in RCC in patients. Extending our hypothesis further to include levels of obesity and RCC development may be worthwhile, but studies are currently limited.

Gestational caffeine exposure acts as a fetal thyroid-cytokine disruptor by activating caspase-3/BAX/Bcl-2/Cox2/NF-κB at ED 20.

The objective of this examination was to explore the impact of gestational caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) exposure on the maternofetal thyroid axis and fetal thyroid-cytokine communications during gestation. Pregnant rats (Rattus norvegicus) were intraperitoneally administered caffeine (120 or 150 mg kg-1) from gestation day (GD) 1 to 20. Both doses of caffeine resulted in maternal hyperthyroidism, whereas the elevation in the concentration of serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) was related to a depletion in the level of TSH at GD 20. Maternal body weight gain and food consumption were markedly increased, while fetal body weight was significantly reduced. These alterations caused fetal hypothyroidism and several pathological lesions in the fetal thyroid gland including a vacuolar colloid, destructive degeneration, atrophy and hyperplasia at embryonic day (ED) 20. The abnormalities in the fetal thyroid gland seemed to depend on the activation of caspase-3, Bcl-2, BAX, Cox2, and NF-κB mRNA expression. Both maternal caffeine doses caused a marked attenuation in the values of fetal serum GH, IGF-II, VEGF, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, leptin and MCP-1, and a noticeable elevation in the value of fetal serum adiponectin at ED 20. Thus, gestational caffeine exposure might disrupt the fetal thyroid-cytokine axis.

Procena uticaja lečenja na hormon neuropeptid leptin i rizik od gojaznosti kod žena sa karcinomom dojke u Jordanu

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent and life-threatening malignant tumor in adult females. Little is known about the association between neuropeptide leptin hormone and development of BC. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the interactive role of neuropeptide leptin hormone among BC Jordanian women with regard to treatment exposure and menopausal status. A total of 396 BC women (25-65 years) attending BC clinics were evaluated by observational study. The experimental design permitted the inclusion of 134 newly diagnosed BC patients who were not exposed to any type of interventions and 262 recently diagnosed BC patients during their first three months of treatment exposure. Manual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the quantitative determination of leptin levels. The prevalence of hyperleptinaemia, leptin level higher than 11.1 ng/ml, was almost 27%, and the mean value of serum leptin (ng/ml) in the whole sample was 8.5 ± 0.03 and it was insignificantly lower in non-chemo (7.1 ± 0.05) than chemo (8.6 ± 0.5) and newly diagnosed (9.2 ± 0.6) BC patients. Leptin was positively correlated with all obesity indices including BMI, WC, WHpR and WHtR. In newly diagnosed BC patients, leptin had the highest correlation with BMI (r = 0.38, p ˂ 0.05), whereas in the recently diagnosed, it was highly correlated with WC ( r = 0.38, p < 0.05). The leptin hormone was positively correlated with obesity indices in BC patients and it was higher in postmenopausal BC women. The leptin hormone was decreased after treatment exposure and may be considered as a biomarker for BC prognosis and response to treatment. The leptin hormone may need a closer attention by health care providers in order to improve outcomes after making the diagnosis and treatment exposure.

Psoriasis in obesity: comparison of serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in obese subjects - cases and controls

Background:Psoriasis and obesity are somewhat related to a low-grade systemic inflammatory response.Objectives:To determine leptin and adiponectin levels in psoriasis patients compared to control patients matched for weight.Methods:A case-control study was performed, evaluating 113 psoriasis patients and 41 controls with other dermatologic diseases.Results:The prevalence of obesity was 33% in cases and 21.9% in controls. All evaluated comorbidities were more prevalent among cases. When stratified by weight, the comorbidities were more frequent in overweight patients. We found no correlation between being overweight (p=0.25), leptin (p=0.18) or adiponectin (p=0.762) levels and psoriasis severity. When overweight cases and controls were compared, we found differences in the adiponectin values (p= 0.04). The overweight cases had lower adiponectin levels than the overweight controls. We found no differences in the leptin dosage between cases and controls. The overweight cases had higher leptin values than the normal weight cases (p<0.001).Study limitations:Several patients used systemic anti-inflammatory medication.Conclusions:The prevalence of obesity among psoriasis cases (33%) was higher than in the general population (17.4%). We did not find any correlation between severity of psoriasis and inflammatory cytokines and the condition of being overweight. The overweight cases had lower values of adiponectin than the overweight controls. It seems, therefore, that there is a relationship between adiponectin and psoriasis, but this relationship depends on the presence of obesity.