Leptin Values Research Articles

Peculiarities of Metabolism and Cardiac Electrical Activity in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Coronary Heart Disease in the Presence of Metabolically-Associated Liver Steatosis

While the development of specific steatohepatitis-associated cardiomyopathy (SHACMP) in the context of fatty liver disease has been documented, it remains unclear whether any cardiac changes occur during the initial stage of fatty liver disease, known as metabolic-associated liver steatosis (LS). Objective — to evaluate the characteristics of metabolism and electrical activity of the heart in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic forms of coronary heart disease and concomitant liver steatosis. Materials and methods. 35 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory insufficiency stages I and II, coronary heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, and heart failure functional classes I and II, were examined. Their diagnosis and treatment were conducted in accordance with established protocols and international recommendations. Depending on the occurrence of LS, patients, matched for age, gender and lung function parameters, were divided into two groups: those suffering from it (n = 26) or not suffering from it (n = 9). Additionally, leptin level was determined, body mass index (BMI), leptin to BMI ratio, De Ritis ratio, hepatic steatosis index, glomerular filtration rate (according to MDRD) were calculated, and automatic ECG test was run. The results were processed statistically; the significance assumed at р < 0.05. Results and discussion. It was established that LS was diagnosed in patients with a higher BMI and was accompanied by clear metabolic changes — higher values of leptin, leptin-to-BMI ratio, fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol levels. The criteria of LS are not only an increase in echogenicity and size of the liver, but also higher values of ALT, De Ritis ratio and hepatic steatosis index. According to the correlation analysis, the deterioration of the liver condition was accompanied by changes in the heart — tachycardia and a decrease in the angle of the QRS complex, which can be considered as signs of the development of SHACMP, characteri­zed by a prolongation of the PQ interval (р = 0.07) and a significant deviation of the angle of the QRS complex. Inflammation and endogenous intoxication are the leading mechanisms of progression of both LS and SHACMP. Conclusions. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic forms of coronary heart disease, alongside with liver steatosis, exhibit signs of steatohepatitis-associated cardiomyopathy caused by metabolic changes, inflammation and endogenous intoxication.

Abstract 18948: Prospective Associations Between the Life's Essential 8 Cardiovascular Health Construct, Leptin, and Inflammatory Markers Among Women Across the Menopausal Transition: Findings From the AHA Research Goes Red Weight Study

Introduction: The menopausal transition is a key period of potential detrimental changes in adiposity. The hormone leptin may be relevant to obesity, inflammation, and cardiovascular health (CVH). Hypothesis: Among women across the menopausal transition, lower levels of circulating leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) will be associated with better Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) CVH score. Methods: Participants were women ages 45-55y (N=291, mean age=50 ± 3.2yr, 74% with overweight/obesity, (n=98 pre-, n=94 peri-, n=99 post-menopausal) from the AHA Research Goes Red Weight Study, a 1-yr prospective observational study utilizing Verily’s online platform. At baseline and 1yr, women completed a 1-wk food record using the NIH ASA 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool and fasting blood samples were drawn. The LE8 CVH and component scores (range: 0-100, high: 80-100, moderate: 50-79, low: 0-49) were computed. Associations between leptin, inflammatory markers, and CVH scores were tested using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, employment, insurance, and menopausal status. Results: The mean (SD) overall LE8 CVH score at baseline was 68.0 (15.3) and did not vary by menopausal status. Individual LE8 scores were lowest for the diet metric [mean (SD)=40.2 (31.5)]. Pre-menopausal women had better scores on the blood glucose metric compared to post-menopausal [mean (SD)= 88.0 (24.4) vs. 76.2 (26.5), p=.02]. Compared to peri- and pre-menopausal women, leptin values were highest in post-menopausal women (55 ± 29.5 mg/mL vs. 41 ± 29.5 vs 39 ± 25.6, p=.047). In cross-sectional analyses, and after adjustment for confounders, higher overall LE8 CVH scores were associated with lower levels of leptin (B= -0.17, p<0.0001), CRP (B= -0.34, p=0.009), and IL-6 (B= -2.85; p=0.02). In multivariable prospective analyses, lower CRP at baseline predicted better LE8 CVH scores at 1 yr (B= -0.22; p=.02), with a similar trend for an association between lower baseline leptin and better LE8 CVH scores at 1 yr (B= 0.04; p=.066). Conclusions: In a national sample of women across the menopausal transition, those with lower leptin and inflammatory markers had more favorable CVH scores as measured by the recently updated LE8 construct.

A Prediction Model for Sight-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Plasma Adipokines among Patients with Mild Diabetic Retinopathy.

Accumulating evidence has suggested a link between adipokines and diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study is aimed at investigating the risk factors for sight-threatening DR (STDR) and establishing a prognostic model for predicting STDR among a high-risk population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Plasma concentrations of adipokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the case-control set, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to select optimal predictive cytokines for STDR, involving severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to examine the possible combination of baseline plasma adipokines to discriminate the patients with mild NPDR who will later develop STDR. An individual prospective cohort with a follow-up period of 3 years was used for the external validation. In both training and testing sets, involving 306 patients with T2DM, median levels of plasma adiponectin (APN), leptin, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were significantly higher in the STDR group than those in mild NPDR. Except for adipsin, the other three adipokines, FABP4, APN, and leptin, were selected by PCA and integrated into SVM. The accuracy of the multivariate SVM classification model was acceptable in both the training set (AUC = 0.81, sensitivity = 71%, and specificity = 91%) and the testing set (AUC = 0.77, sensitivity = 61%, and specificity = 92%). 110 T2DM patients with mild NPDR, the high-risk population of STDR, were enrolled for external validation. Based on the SVM, the risk of each patient was calculated. More STDR occurred in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group, which were grouped by the median value of APN, FABP4, and leptin, respectively. The model was validated in an individual cohort using SVM with the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity reaching 0.77, 64%, and 91%, respectively. Adiponectin, leptin, and FABP4 were demonstrated to be associated with the severity of DR and maybe good predictors for STDR, suggesting that adipokines may play an important role in the pathophysiology of DR development.

Aşırı Kilolu/Obez Bireylerde Akupunktur Ve Diyetin Serum Leptin Ve Nesfatin-1 Düzeylerine Etkisi

Acupuncture applications and diet are frequently used in obesity treatment. We aimed to investigate the changes in serum leptin and nesfatin-1 levels measured before and after acupuncture and diet in overweight/obese individuals in the presented study. This interventional study was carried out on 90 overweight/obese patients. Participants were divided into three groups: Group 1 (Acupuncture), Group 2 (Diet), and Group 3 (Those who did not take any attempts to lose weight- control group). Serum leptin and nesfatin-1 levels were measured before and after the intervention. The 30th days leptin values were significantly decreased in the acupuncture group (p=0.040) while they were significantly increased in the control group (p=0.039). It was detected that the nesfatin-1 values were significantly increased in both acupuncture (p=0.032) and diet groups (p=0.017). Also, body weights significantly decreased both in acupuncture (p=0.032) and diet groups (p<0.001). Our results support the effects of acupuncture treatment on appetite hormones. Further research on the mechanisms of endogenous and exogenous actions of the recently discovered hormones, leptin and nesfatin-1, are needed.

Levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with SLE, relationship with features of the course of the disease

Annotation. The aim of the work was to establish possible differences between the levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and practically healthy people, as well as to identify probable patterns of changes in the levels of adipokines depending on the features of the course of the disease. We examined 79 patients with SLE and 30 practically healthy individuals of the control group. The content of leptin and adiponectin in blood serum was determined by the immunoenzymatic method according to the instructions of the manufacturer “Leptin ELISA (CAN-L-4260)” (DBC, Canada) and “Adiponectin ELISA Kit” (DBC, Canada). The SELENA-SLEDAI index was used to assess activity. Metabolic syndrome was established according to the IDF (2005) criteria. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out on a personal computer using the methods of parametric and non-parametric statistics using the program Statistica 12.5 (StatSoft Inc., USA) and Microsoft Excel 2016. During the study, it was found that the level of leptin was reliably 45.1% higher in patients with SLE than in the control group, which correlated with the age of the patients, the duration of the disease, the closest relationship was found with the activity of the inflammatory process according to the SLEDAI index (r=0.78) and ESR (r=0.54). SLE patients with metabolic syndrome had 60.5% higher average leptin values. According to the level of adiponectin, it is 17.8% lower in patients with SLE than in practically healthy people. With increasing age and duration of the disease, a significant decrease in the level of adiponectin was found in patients with SLE. All this determines the prospects for further research of these indicators and establishing their role in the progression of SLE.

ThTP2.4 Long-Term Changes in Leptin, Chemerin, and Ghrelin Levels Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Abstract Aim Published reports showed conflicting results regarding the sustained alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin concentrations after metabolic surgery. Therefore, we performed the present work to contrast the alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin levels one year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Methods The present research is a prospective, comparative one that followed 100 cases for whom RYGB or LSG was done. We assessed the serum values of adiposity-associated mediators, including adipokcytokines (leptin and active chemerin) and gastrointestinal hormones (total ghrelin). The primary outcome in the present study was the alterations in leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin values at 12 months after RYGB and LSG. Results The serum leptin level decreased significantly in the LSG group with a mean change of − 170.8 ± 29.4 ng/mL (p <0.001). Similarly, the serum leptin concentration decreased significantly in the RYGB group, with a mean change of − 165.42 ±53.4 (p < 0.001). In addition, the mean reduction in baseline chemerin levels 12 months after the operation was considerable in the LSG cohort (− 23.24 ± 9.5 ng/mL) and RYGB group (− 22.12 ± 15.9 ng/mL). The ghrelin values demonstrated a notable reduction in the LSG cohort (− 0.083 ± 0.11 pg/mL) and RYGB group (− 0.068 ± 0.097 pg/mL). However, the changes in the three hormones were not substantially different between both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion Both RYGB and LSG result in a considerable, comparable decrease in the postoperative serum concentrations of leptin, chemerin, and ghrelin.

The Interplay of Lifestyle and Adipokines in the Non-Obese Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Although the morphological features and functions of adipose tissue are well-described in obesity-prone animal models, less information is available on animals such as the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) strain with cardiovascular abnormalities, which is not characterized by excessive adiposity. Our aim was to focus on lifestyle-induced (type of diet and physical exercise) effects on adipokine profile and lipid peroxidation in SHRSP rats. In our study, male Wistar-kyoto (control) and SHRSP rats were used. SHRSP rats were fed either standard chow or a high-fat diet with 40% fat content (HFD). One group of the animals was placed into cages fitted with a running-wheel; thus, the dietary and training period started at the same time and lasted for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, adiponectin, leptin, omentin, and chemerin concentrations were determined from adipose tissue and serum. Besides adipokines, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also measured. Twelve weeks of HFD significantly decreased adiponectin and omentin concentrations of both adipose tissue and serum, which were ameliorated by physical exercise. Serum leptin, chemerin, and MDA values were elevated in HFD groups; however, physical exercise was able to mitigate these adverse changes. Our results underpin the crosstalk between lifestyle changes and dysfunctional adipose tissue in SHRSP rats.

Circulating MiRNAs Are Associated With Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Leptin Levels in Older Adults.

Inflammaging refers to the low-grade systemic inflammation that occurs with aging present in chronic non-communicable diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for these diseases in older adults. This study aimed to assess the expression of 21 circulating miRNAs and their associations with inflammatory biomarkers in older adults. This cross-sectional study was performed with 200 individuals participating in ISA-Nutrition. The systemic low-grade inflammation score (SIS) was calculated from the plasma concentration of 10 inflammatory biomarkers. Circulating miRNA expression was assessed using the Fluidigm method. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was employed to determine differences in SIS among groups distributed according to sex and presence of MetS. Spearman's correlation was used to estimate correlations among SIS, leptin levels, miRNA expression, and variables of interest. Analyses were performed using software R version 4.2.3, with a significance level of 0.05. The final sample consisted of 193 individuals with a mean age of 69.1 (SE = 0.5) years, being 64.7% individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Positive correlations were observed between leptin concentration and metabolic risk factors, and leptin concentration was higher in individuals with MetS compared to those without MetS. The expression of 15 circulating miRNAs was negatively correlated with leptin concentration. GLMs showed negative associations between miRNAs (miR-15a, miR-16, miR-223, miR-363, miR-532), leptin, and/or SIS values; and only miR-21 showed positive association with SIS values. The results suggest the presence of peripheral leptin resistance associated with low-grade inflammation and plasma expression of miRNAs in older adults. These findings suggest the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers for cardiometabolic risk.

27-LB: A Prediction Model for Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Plasma Adipokines among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Accumulating evidence has suggested a link between adipokines and diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for sight-threatening DR (STDR) and establish a prognostic model for predicting STDR among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In the case-control set, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to select optimal predictive cytokines for STDR. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to examine the possible combination of baseline plasma adipokines to discriminate the mild participants who will later develop STDR. An individual prospective cohort with a follow-up period of 3 years was used for the external validation. Results: In both training and testing sets, comprised of 306 patients with DR, median levels of plasma adiponectin, leptin, and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) were significantly higher in the STDR group than those in mild DR. Except for adipsin, the other three adipokines, FABP4, adiponectin, and leptin, were selected by PCA and integrated into SVM. The accuracy of the multivariate SVM classification model was acceptable in both the training set (AUC = 0.81, sensitivity = 71%, specificity = 91%) and the testing set (AUC = 0.77, sensitivity = 61%, specificity = 92%). 110 T2DM mild NPDR patients were enrolled for external validation. High- and low-risk groups were grouped by the median value of adiponectin, FABP4, and leptin. More STDR occurred in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group among the three predictors. SVM demonstrated acceptable performance, with the AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.77, 64%, and 91%, respectively. Conclusions: Adiponectin, leptin, and FABP4 were demonstrated to be associated with the severity of DR and maybe good predictors for STDR, suggesting that adipokines may play an important role in the pathophysiology of DR development. Disclosure Y. An: None. J. Ke: None. D. Zhao: None.

Effect of Manual Lymphatic Drainage on the Concentrations of Selected Adipokines, Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein and Parameters of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Abnormal Body Mass Index: Focus on Markers of Obesity and Insulin Resistance.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and the level of selected adipokines and cytokines in people with abnormal body mass index (BMI). In addition, an attempt was made to assess the optimal cut-off values of serum concentrations of the biochemical parameters studied in identifying the risk of obesity and insulin resistance (IR). The study included 60 subjects who underwent 10 and 30 min long MLD sessions three times a week. The study group included 15 patients with a normal body mass index (group I; n = 15), overweight patients (group II; n = 15) and obese patients (group III; n = 10). The control group was IV; n = 20 subjects not undergoing MLD. Biochemical tests were carried out on all subjects at stage 0' (before MLD therapy) and at stage 1' (one month after MLD therapy). In the control group, the time between the sample collection at stage 0' and stage 1' was the same as in the study group. Our results showed that 10 MLD sessions may have a positive effect on the selected biochemical parameters, including insulin, 2h-PG, leptin and HOMA-IR values in normal weight and overweight patients. In addition, in the study group, the highest AUCROC values in identifying the risk of obesity were found for leptin (AUCROC = 82.79%; cut-off = 17.7 ng/mL; p = 0.00004), insulin (AUCROC = 81.51%; cut-off = 9.5 µIU/mL; p = 0.00009) and C-peptide (AUCROC = 80.68%; cut-off = 2.3 ng/mL; p = 0.0001) concentrations as well as for HOMA-IR values (AUCROC = 79.97%; cut-off = 1.8; p = 0.0002). When considering the risk of IR, we observed the highest diagnostic value for insulin (AUCROC = 93.05%; cut-off = 1.8 ng/mL; p = 0.053), which was followed by C-peptide (AUCROC = 89.35%; cut-off = 17.7 ng/mL; p = 0.000001), leptin (AUCROC = 79.76%; cut-off = 17.6 ng/mL; p = 0.0002) and total cholesterol (AUCROC = 77.31%; cut-off = 198 mg/dL; p = 0.0008). Our results indicate that MLD may have a positive effect on selected biochemical parameters, including insulin, 2h-PG, leptin and HOMA-IR, in normal weight and overweight patients. In addition, we successfully established optimal cut-off values for leptin in the assessment of obesity and insulin in the assessment of insulin resistance in patients with abnormal body mass index. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that MLD, when combined with caloric restriction and physical activity, may serve as an effective preventive intervention against the development of obesity and insulin resistance.

#5941 SERUM LEPTIN AND MALNUTRITION IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS: A CONNECTION YET TO BE FOUND

Abstract Background and Aims Leptin is a hormone responsible for the modulation of the satiety signals and that it is known for being increased in patients undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) treatment. Nevertheless, conclusions about its role in the malnutrition associated with this technique remains to be done. Our study aimed to characterize the nutritional state of a Portuguese program of PD and to establish the impact that leptin levels had on it. Method A cross-sectional study was performed involving 28 patients of a PD program. To characterize the patients’ nutritional status we collected the following data: anthropometric measurements (weight, body mass index (BMI), fat tissue index and lean tissue index using Fresenius ® Body Composition Monitor), analytical values (albumin, total proteins, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, triglycerides, leptin serum levels), protein metabolism (normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), normalized dialysate protein loss (nEPL), normalized urine protein loss (nUPL), normalized total protein loss (nTPL) and normalized dietary protein requirement (nDPR)) and peritoneal dialysis adequacy (total, renal and peritoneal kT/v; total, renal and peritoneal creatinine clearance). The collected data were statistically analyzed and correlations were made using Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman test, depending on the variable type. Results 7 (25%) patients were females, and the mean age was 59.5 years old (± 14.31). The mean dialysis vintage was 27.04 months (± 20.14) and the majority (n=23, 82,1%) preformed automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). Regarding the nutritional status, the mean BMI, FTI and LTI was 26.64 kg/m2 (±4.39), 14.24 kg/m2 (±5.47) and 11.62 kg/m2 (±2.52) respectively. 57.1% (n=16) had serum albumin below 3.5 mg/dL, with a mean phosphorus of 5.01mg/dl (±0.72) and a mean leptin of 28.58ng/mL (±28.44). The serum leptin was 5.4 times higher than the adjusted value for BMI in the population without kidney disease. The adjusted serum leptin for BMI was different between sex (U=15, P = .001) and it was positively correlated with total (ρ=0.47, P = .012) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (ρ=0.535, P = .003). It was not associated with the protein metabolism (nPCR, nEPL, nUPL, nTOL and nDPR), albumin or total proteins and PD adequacy. Conclusion Leptin values independent of BMI are significantly higher amongst patients on PD. Alike the healthy population, women on PD are also prone to have higher serum leptin values. Although studies are still controversial about the association between this hormone and cholesterol, in this population there is a positive correlation. As so, hyperleptinaemia cannot yet be associated with the malnutrition that is generally present amongst PD patients, but it must be considered as a contribute to the already known increased cardiovascular risk.

Impact of serum leptin and adiponectin levels on the development of brain infarcts in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease

AbstractBackgroundThe adipokines leptin and adiponectin have been associated with the development of atherosclerosis and the risk of cerebral infarctions. According to pre‐clinical studies, however, they play a protective role against ischemic brain damage. In this study we analysed the relationship between serum leptin and adiponectin levels and the onset or progression of silent brain infarctions in a population of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).MethodAll data were extracted from the ADNI database. All patients with available serum leptin and adiponectin levels at baseline were selected. Demographic and anamnestic data, neuropsychological test results, tau, phosphotau and amyloid levels in CSF and regional brain metabolism with FDG‐PET data were also extracted. The determination of the number of silent cerebral infarctions was performed on baseline brain MRI. The final population includes 566 subjects, with 58 normal controls, 396 MCI and 112 AD.ResultLeptin levels were significantly lower in patients with MCI than controls at baseline, while adiponectin levels were not different between the three groups. Multivariate regression analysis in patients with cognitive impairment (MCI + AD, 508 subjects) showed that leptin levels were significantly associated with BMI, arterial hypertension and female sex. By stratifying the three diagnostic groups by the presence or absence of baseline infarctions, leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with AD and brain infarcts than in patients with AD without brain infarcts. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis at baseline for the presence or absence of brain infarcts did not confirm the predictive value of leptin. Multivariate longitudinal analysis did not attribute predictive value to serum leptin levels on the development of silent brain infarcts in this MCI and AD population.ConclusionThe evidence on the pathogenetic or protective role of adipokines on ischemic brain damage in the literature is mixed. In this population affected by MCI and AD, serum leptin and adiponectin levels are not associated with the development of brain infarctions; therefore, these results do not support the use of adipokines as biomarkers of cerebrovascular pathology in this population.

Association between dietary phytochemical index and cardiometabolic risk factors

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Swiss National Science Foundation. Background Consuming plant-based diets have been associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs), which might be partly mediated by their high phytochemical content and the synergistic action of these bioactive compounds. Nevertheless, dietary phytochemical content estimation is difficult. The dietary phytochemical index (DPI) has been proposed as a practical way to assess the total dietary phytochemical content from phytochemical-rich foods (PRFs). Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the association between DPI with CRFs. Methods Cross-sectional analysis within a population-based cohort study conducted between 2009-2012. The dietary intake was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire. DPI was calculated by dividing energy obtained from PRFs by total energy intake and multiplying by 100. Multivariable linear regressions were applied to establish the associations. CRFs included anthropometric measures, blood pressure, insulin resistance and diabetes markers, dyslipidemia markers, and cardiovascular/inflammatory markers. Results 3879 participants (mean age 57.6±10.4 years, 53.5% women) were included. The median DPI value was 25.5 (interquartile range: 17.7–34.6). In multivariable-adjusted linear models, significant inverse associations were observed in the highest DPI quartile for body mass index -0.86 (-1.26,-0.46), waist circumference -2.91 (-3.99,-1.84), leptin -0.21 (-0.30,-0.12), insulin -0.09 (-0.14,-0.04), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein -0.20 (-0.29,-0.11). No other associations were found CRFs. Conclusions A high DPI index representing a high intake of PRFs is associated with lower body mass index, waist circumference, leptin, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein values.

Correlation of serum levels of LH, IGF-1 and leptin in girls with the development of idiopathic central precocious puberty.

This paper aims to investigate the correlation between serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and leptin and the incidence of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) in girls, and to explore the clinical values in the diagnosis of ICPP. A total of 48 girls with ICPP were selected in our hospital from March 2014 to March 2015 to serve as ICPP group. At the same time, 48 girls with the same age distribution were selected as control group. Bone age, body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender development index of girls in each group were recorded. Levels of LH, IGF-1 and leptin in serum were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The correlations within levels of LH, IGF-1 and leptin, and the correlations between levels of LH, IGF-1 and leptin and body height, body weight and gender development index were analyzed. Levels of LH, IGF-1 and leptin in ICPP group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01). Body weight and BMI of ICPP group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.01), and were positively correlated with the expression level of leptin; ovarian volume and thickness of breast of ICPP group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.01), and were positively correlated with serum level of LH; serum level of IGF-1 was positively correlated with bone age. Levels of LH, IGF-1 and leptin in serum of ICPP girls were all increased compared with control group. LH peak value and levels of IGF-1 and leptin in serum can be used as diagnostic indexes of ICPP.

Leptin and Ferritin as Indicators of Breast Cancer’S Severity in Overweight-Postmenopausal Women

Background: Breast cancer–obesity association is a significant hazard that affects postmenopausal women in a special concern. The microenvironment created by adipose tissue appears to be the basis for the relation between obesity and breast cancer, and raised values of leptin and ferritin may be the risk for tumor development. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether elevated levels of leptin and ferritin are correlated to a more severe form of postmenopausal breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer at Babylon Oncology Treatment Center in Merjan Medical City in Al-Hillah City, Babylon Governorate under the supervision of the Department of Medical physiology in Babylon Medical Faculty. The study extended from the start of September 2022 to the end of March 2023. The patients were divided into two groups according to the score of their body mass indexes (BMIs). The first group of patients (n = 138) included those with BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2, whereas the second group (n = 102) included those with BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2. The diagnosis of breast cancer and its pathologic subtypes were determined based on the results of tissue biopsy samples. Serum leptin and ferritin values were addressed using special biochemical kits. Results: Values of leptin and ferritin were higher in the first group of patients in comparison to the second group and statistically significant differences were present between the two groups regarding those parameters (P = 0.001 for leptin and 0.0001 for ferritin). Conclusion: Elevated values of leptin and ferritin are correlated to a more severe form of breast cancer in postmenopausal women having elevated levels of BMIs.

РОЛЬ ЛЕПТИНА ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ВОЗРАСТ-АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ В СТАРЧЕСКОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ И У ДОЛГОЖИТЕЛЕЙ

Introduction. Leptin is an adipokine synthesized by adipose tissue. This substance is involved in the development of some age-related pathological conditions. Aim. Determination of leptin concentration and analysis of the relationship of this adipokine with obesity and other pathological conditions in elderly patients and centenarians. Material and methods. This work was a cross-sectional study. 110 very elderly patients and centenarians were enrolled in the study: 90 with coronary artery disease – in the study group, 20 without coronary artery disease– in the control group. The mean age of study patient was 88.5+4.5 years. The serum leptin concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Normal leptin values for women were 2.6-11.1 ng/ml, for men – 2.0-5.6 ng/ml. Results and discussion. Elevated leptin levels were found in 58.2% of patients, decreased – in 16.4%, normal – in 25.4%. In patients with coronary artery disease the mean concentration of leptin reached 16.7 ng/ml, in patients without coronary artery disease– 15.3 ng/ml (p=0.6). In patients with chronic heart failure the probability of detecting low leptin levels increased by 3.2 times, compared with patients without heart failure (OR=3.2; 95% CI=1.1-9.9; p=0.03). In patients with obesity the mean leptin level was 28.5 ng/ml, while in patients without obesity – 12.2 ng/ml (p=0.00002). The significant correlation was found between the leptin concentration and body mass index (p&lt;0.000001), as well as fat mass (p=0.000001). Higher leptin levels were observed in patients with diabetes mellitus (26.3 ng/ml vs 13.5 ng/ml in patients without diabetes mellitus, p=0.0003). In patients with low leptin concentration lower bone mineral density was registered (p=0.0003). Conclusion. The study results suggest frequent leptin pathology in very elderly patients and centenarians, both with and without coronary artery disease. Higher leptin levels are associated with various metabolic disorders. Lower leptin levels are typical for patients with chronic heart failure.

The Association of Leptin with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients on Dialysis

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common cardiovascular complication in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. We aimed at studying the association of LVH with adiponectin and leptin levels, cardiovascular stress/injury biomarkers and nutritional status in these patients. We evaluated the LV mass (LVM) and calculated the LVM index (LVMI) in 196 ESKD patients on dialysis; the levels of hemoglobin, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, albumin, adiponectin, leptin, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 were analyzed. ESKD patients with LVH (n = 131) presented higher NT-proBNP and GDF-15, lower hemoglobin and, after adjustment for gender, lower leptin levels compared with non-LVH patients. LVH females also showed lower leptin than the non-LVH female group. In the LVH group, LVMI presented a negative correlation with leptin and a positive correlation with NT-proBNP. Leptin emerged as an independent determinant of LVMI in both groups, and NT-proBNP in the LVH group. Low hemoglobin and leptin and increased calcium, NT-proBNP and dialysis vintage are associated with an increased risk of developing LVH. In ESKD patients on dialysis, LVH is associated with lower leptin values (especially in women), which are negatively correlated with LVMI, and with higher levels of biomarkers of myocardial stress/injury. Leptin and NT-proBNP appear as independent determinants of LVMI; dialysis vintage, hemoglobin, calcium, NT-proBNP and leptin emerged as predicting markers for LVH development. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of leptin in LVH in ESKD patients.

Yüksek Yağlı Diyetle Beslenen Ratlarda Egzersizin Serum Resistin ve Leptin Değerlerine Etkisi

Aim: This study was performed to investigate the effect of exercise on serum resistin and leptin values in rats fed with a high-fat diet. &#x0D; Material and Method: 24 Wistar albino male rats were used in the study. They were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 6 rats in each group. The groups were determined as the control group (C), exercise group (E), high-fat diet (HFD) group, and high-fat diet + exercise (HFDE) Group. &#x0D; Results: When the findings obtained in this study were evaluated statistically, it was determined that the resistin values were similar in the C, E and HFDE groups, and higher in the HFD group compared to the other groups. It was observed that resistin value increased with high-fat diet and decreased with exercise. When evaluated in terms of leptin levels, the C and E groups showed similarity, while the HFD and HFDE groups showed similarity with each other. Although exercise decreased the leptin level, which was highly increased with a high-fat diet, it was not statistically significant.&#x0D; Conclusion: It has been determined that feeding with a high-fat diet causes an increase in serum resistin and leptin levels, and exercise provides a significant decrease in resistin values, but is not effective in leptin levels.

ВЫСОКИЕ МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЕ РИСКИ У ПОДРОСТКОВ 12-17 ЛЕТ С ИЗБЫТОЧНОЙ МАССОЙ ТЕЛА

Overweight children are considered as a risk group for the development of obesity and the formation of metabolic and cardiovascular risks. However, studies on the state of the metabolic status of overweight children depending on the amount of fat mass in the body are not enough. The aim of this study was to assess the metabolic status of overweight children aged 12–17 years in order to identify children in high metabolic risk groups. We examined 107 overweight adolescents aged 12–17 years who underwent an extended assessment of anthropometry (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (OB), the sum of the thickness of 4 skin-fat folds, bioimpedance analysis of body composition), the level of blood pressure (BP) and the determination in venous blood of glucose, insulin, cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) and low density (LDL-CL), leptin, interleukin-6 and C- reactive protein. The study has showed that children with increased body fat mass (more than 85 percentile) and elevated WC (75 ≤ WC &lt; 90) have the highest metabolic risks, who have an increase in systolic blood pressure, changes in carbohydrate and fat metabolism at high leptin values, 16,43[17,0 – 32,7] (ng/ml). We have established the gender characteristics of metabolic risks: in boys, the atherogenic risk of vascular damage increases, and in girls, the risk of insulin resistance. The data obtained allow us to recommend a differentiated allocation of groups of increased metabolic risk depending on age, gender, amount of fat mass in the body composition and waist circumference for individual observation.

Ghrelin and Leptin among Patients with Urolithiasis with Concomitant Hyperuricemia and Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction: The study evaluated the selected appetite hormones (ghrelin, leptin) and inflammatory parameters (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)) in patients with urolithiasis, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and hyperuricemia. Materials: 57 patients with urolithiasis, MetS and hyperuricemia (UP group) and 29 healthy people as the control group (CG group) were recruited to the study. All persons were 22-60 age. Methods: After preliminary testing, the qualified participants were evaluated for fasting serum levels of ghrelin, leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α. Results: Our results revealed differences between average values of leptin (p = 0.045), ghrelin (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), and TNF-α (p < 0.001) in the studied groups. Moreover, in the UP group, significant correlations were found between ghrelin and leptin; between these hormones and IL-6, and between leptin and uric acid (UA). Besides, leptin concentration increased significantly along with the changes in the body mass index (BMI) categories in the UP group. Conclusions: This study showed that patients with urolithiasis, concomitant MetS, and high UA levels may have problems managing appetite hormones.