Lengthy Terms Research Articles

Two novel alternative integration schemes for multi-invariants dependent isotropic finite deformation plasticity

Multi-invariants dependent isotropic yield function in terms of first invariant I1 of stress tensor, second J2 and third J3 invariants of deviatoric stress tensor is required for accurate description of plasticity of polycrystalline solids. In the context of multi-invariants dependent multiplicative hyperelasto-plasticity, two integration schemes (IS-1 and IS-2) are formulated and their computational costs are compared for the first time in this paper. IS-1 is fully-implicit in which backward Euler difference approximation of equivalent plastic strain rate is coupled with the exponential approximation of return mapping in principal Kirchhoff stress space and accordingly principal Kirchhoff stresses, equivalent plastic strain and plastic Lagrange multiplier need to be updated iteratively. IS-2 is semi-implicit in which plastic Lagrange multiplier evaluated at current time step and semi-implicit forward Euler difference approximation of equivalent plastic strain rate is coupled with logarithmic approximation of return mapping in Kirchhoff stress space and accordingly only plastic Lagrange multiplier needs to be updated iteratively. For J2 dependent plasticity, computation time involved in numerical simulations for both the integration schemes is nearly the same for same accuracy. For IS-1, computation time involved in simulation for multi-invariants dependent plasticity is significantly greater than that for J2 dependent plasticity due to the computation of the Jacobian matrix in return mapping involving lengthy terms of second order partial derivatives of multi-invariants dependent yield function. For IS-2, computation time involved in simulation for multi-invariants dependent plasticity is nearly the same as that for J2 dependent plasticity. This is due to the fact that the computation of the Jacobian matrix in IS-2 is not required and return mapping involves only first partial derivatives of yield function. Thus, IS-2 is computationally cost effective than IS-1.

Termbot: A Chatbot-Based Crossword Game for Gamified Medical Terminology Learning

Medical terminology can be challenging for healthcare students due to its unfamiliar and lengthy terms. Traditional methods such as flashcards and memorization can be ineffective and require significant effort. To address this, an online chatbot-based learning model called Termbot was designed to provide an engaging and convenient method for enhancing medical terminology learning. Termbot, accessible through the LINE platform, offers crossword puzzles that turn boring medical terms into a fun learning experience. An experimental study was conducted, which showed that students who trained with Termbot made significant progress in learning medical terms, demonstrating the potential of chatbots to improve learning outcomes. Termbot's gamified approach to learning can also be applied to other fields, making it a useful tool for students to learn medical terminology conveniently and enjoyably.

The Determinants of Palm Oil Price in Malaysia

Malaysia is now the international’s second-top manufacturer of palm oil, with its huge and developing palm oil enterprise, and strong international call for palm oil. Malaysia has the capability to play a first-rate position in international markets. This paper aim to examine the palm oil rate towards palm oil export, import and trade charge withinside the financial system to peer the connection between those variables. Movements in palm oil costs provide crucial alerts to imports, exports, and trade fees in Malaysia’s monetary interest. Thus, to recognize import, export and trade charge elements that can have an effect on the palm oil rate is essential to the enterprise gamers for the sustainability of palm oil activities. Thus, this study investigates the relative significance of imports and exports interest at the motion of palm oil fees in Malaysia’s financial system. By using a regressive version on palm oil fee annual statistics from 2009 to 2020, the findings display that palm oil fee is extra dominant in affecting palm oil import. However, the findings on this examine additionally determined that palm oil fees have an extensively poor relationship with palm oil export and trade charge. This study is crucial because it will provide effect and advantage the monetary and environmental destiny withinside the lengthy term.

Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity and Radiation Hazards of Soils around Petroleum Products Marketing Company using Gamma Ray Spectrometry

This study aimed at evaluating natural radioactivity and radiation hazards of soils around a petroleum product marketing company due to anthropogenic influences using gamma ray spectrometry. Top soils (5 cm deep) were collected from diverse locations inside the premises of the Company using standard analytical technique, while control samples were acquired at approximately 200 m from the study area. Mean activity concentrations of the radionuclides in the test soils were 89.36 Bq/kg for 40K, 92.1 Bq/kg for 238U and 10.95 Bq/kg for 232Th, which are more than that of control samples with statistically significant differences. Assessment of the radiological levels of the oil-contaminated soils were done using internal hazard index, external hazard index, annual gonadal dose equivalent, annual effective dose rate, radium equivalent, total absorbed dose rate and representative level index (IŸ). The results showed that mean annual equivalent dose rate of the oil-contaminated soil (0.46 mSv/yr) fell below the permissive annual dose limit (1.0 mSv/yr). Mean internal hazard index (0.55 Bq/kg) and external hazard index (0.30 Bq/kg) values were less than the minimum permissible limit (1.0). Mean annual gonadal dose equivalent value (358.46 µSvy-1) of the radionuclides was close to the world average of 300 µSvy-1, while the mean representative gamma index value (0.78) was also less than unity. Estimated mean value (114.65 Bq/kg) of the radium equivalent was also below the world average of 370 Bq/kg, the values are also more than that of the control samples. Though the soils exhibited low gamma radiation, however lengthy term exposure may pose an inherent cancerous ill-health. It is vital to repeat this investigation periodically to avert precarious effects of anthropogenic influences; also indiscriminate discarding of oils should be discouraged.
 Keywords: Gamma ray spectrometry; radionuclide; refined petroleum products; risk assessment; soil.

The Relationship between Omentin-1, Fibrinogen and Glycemic Control in Diabetic Foot Ulceration in Babylon Province

Diabetes is a prolonged disease that can product in both lengthy term and little term complications. • Lengthyterm complications are affected by years of great blood sugar intensities in the blood vessels. • Danger ofcomplications rise the longer blood sugar heights are not below control. Several diabetes complicationsdon’t perform until after several years of having the disease. Aim of the learning To discovery out theRelation among Omentin-1 ,Fibrinogen and HbA1c In patients by DFU . study sixty person with DFU andsixty person actually healthy were reserved as a control group.Serum Omentin-1 ,fibrinogen determind by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . COBASHbA1c kit was resolute by colorimetric technique .Serum stages of omentin-1 was significantly deferencein DFU group related by control and fibrinogen was significantly deference in DFU group compared withcontrol group . A significant negative relationship among Omentin-1 then HbA1c and significant positivecorrelation between fibrinogen and HbA1c .

Developments in German Criminal Law: The Urgent Issues Regarding Prolonged Pre-Trial Detention in Germany

AbstractFreedom is one of the fundamental rights enshrined in Art. 2(2)(2) of the German Constitution. However, nearly 30,000 remand prisoners were incarcerated in pre-trial detention in Germany in 2017 pending trial. Due to the presumption of innocence, remand prisoners are subjected to a flagrant violation of their constitutional right to freedom. After outlining the legal pre-requisites of pre-trial detention under German law, this article addresses various legal areas of conflict arising from periods of prolonged pre-trial detention by examining a case brought before the Federal Constitutional Court in Germany in 2018. At the same time, the article demonstrates how severely pre-trial detention affects the personal lives of remand prisoners. The longer any such period of pre-trial detention lasts, the more important the question is whether this deprivation of liberty can be justified. Over the past few years, the number of cases involving protracted pre-trial detention has increased dramatically due to overworked courts. By emphasizing that a lack of judicial resources cannot justify lengthy terms of pre-trial detention, this article highlights the importance of the fundamental right to freedom of each and every one of us.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION APPLIED TO PUBLIC SERVICES

The article covers outputs of the research on development of methodological aspects applied under digital transformation of public services and based on the procedures suggested for formalizing the reengineering process used for related service provision administrative processes in accordance with the capacity delivered by advanced information technologies. The Introduction outlines the issue in general, which is mostly related to the fact that the most of the general population enjoy no public services at all despite the implementation of the e-governance concept. It also analyzes the reasons resulting in a problematic situation described above which, among others, include complicated procedures used to both provide and access public (administrative services); lack of related information; lengthy terms of service provision caused by unavailability of information systems capable of ensuring proper data exchange between state electronic information resources and administrative bodies or agencies; lack of state standardization efforts in public service provision, etc. The analysis used to study recent research and publications confirmed that only general aspects of administrative processes used prior to public service provision in the electronic format has been more or less fully processed so far. As for the formalization of public service digitalization implemented through methodological approaches deemed as compatible for use, the matter at hand remains open and requires further research. With the above in mind, the paper states the purpose of related research formulated as the development of methodological support to digital transformation of public services while objectives of the above are focused on the formalization of the reengineering process for public services and development of related procedures fit for practical use. The outputs of the research describe the general methodological approach to digital transformation of public services based on “as is” and “to be” models. The paper proposes to consider the Administrative Service Register as the information basis used to develop an “as is” model. A register as such contains unified service names, documents, standardized administrative process descriptions as well as results of an audit covering state electronic information resources. The developed “as is” model should be used as a frame to define service information links, to implement audit and streamlining (reengineering) of public service provision procedures (administrative processes) as well as to integrate real life services. As a result, there will be designed the vision of public service provision (a “to be” model) to be implemented further on. The vision is defined as a technical option used to provide public services as a synthesis of service provision administrative processes and information processing tools. At the same time, the objective implying the vision development for a set of public services involves the selection of a specific option used to implement a set of related administrative processes while ensuring ultimate performance in terms of provision of a public service set concerned. The idea of the formalized objective is to select a set of administrative processes used for public service provision at service providers and data exchange between them with the use of related technologies ensuring minimum costs for the whole service set. According to the objective defined and aggregative–decomposition method applied, a respective solution is brought down to two stages: building a graph-based structure for administrative process options used under a certain set of public services (the “as is” model) in accordance with their links; afterwards, the above graph-based structure allows tracking the shortest route to define the appropriate option for administrative processes to be applied under the whole set of public services with the use of respective information technologies (the “to be” model, vision). The Conclusion describes the major research outputs and further explorative prospects.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ФАКТОРІВ РОЗВИТКУ КОМЕРЦІЙНОЇ МЕДІАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

Introduction. Business environment functions according to peculiar laws and rules. That constantly accompanied by commercial risks, setbacks and a variety of conflicts. Failure to resolve and exacerbate conflicts in the business environment threatens to cause unforeseen losses of expected profits, cash or property, bankruptcy, debt growth and more. Therefore, the threat of adverse effects of commercial conflicts, the issue of implementation and development of business mediation is relevant as a rapid method of conflict resolution on terms of mutual agreement of the parties' interests in view of the lengthy terms of court proceedings. The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate the approach to systematization and prioritization of factors of business mediation development in the current conditions of economic development of Ukraine as a method of successful non-judicial settlement of commercial conflicts. Results. In September 2019, 326 senior and middle managers of Ukrainian companies have surveyed to identify key factors for the development of mediation in the business environment in Ukraine in order to resolve commercial conflicts. It is established that business representatives need immediate practical implementation of business mediation, but at the same time, there is low awareness of Ukrainian entrepreneurs about the existence of a mediation institute, its principles and the procedure for conducting it. Using the principal component method (factor analysis), the factors component composition of business mediation development in modern conditions of Ukrainian economy development has been determined. The hierarchical structure of factors for the business mediation development as an effective institution for resolving commercial conflicts has been determined by calculating the variance percentage. It is determined that the factors of business mediation development are formed by 32,4% of the potential level by calculating the integral indicator. Conclusions. The following system of key factors of business mediation development in modern conditions has been determined on the empirical research basis: the factor of institutional development; education factor; psychological factor and efficiency factor. The most destructive influence on the business mediation development is played by the retarded factors of institutional development and education. These research results can be used in the state strategy setting of business mediation development in Ukraine. The identified system of factors can serve as a guideline for the introduction of the necessary state measures for the non-judicial settlement development of commercial conflicts in the business environment in Ukraine, and determining the priority of their implementation. Keywords: business mediation, business environment, commercial conflicts, factors of development, non-judicial conflict resolution.

The reception of broadcast terrorism: recruitment and radicalisation

The declaration of a caliphate by Islamic State in June 2014 witnessed the recruitment of increasing numbers of foreign terrorist fighters drawn from a diverse range of nations across the globe. This paper seeks to explore the appeal of extreme groups and how recruiters persuade young people to risk either their lives or lengthy terms of imprisonment. The processes of radicalization and recruitment are differentiated and compared with conventional means of encouraging individuals to enlist in state-sanctioned armed forces. The reasons why people join terrorist organizations are influenced by their education, formative experiences, and social or familial connections, whilst these variables, in turn, have an impact on the roles that they then undertake. Whether personality traits explain an over-representation of engineers and doctors amongst leaders of particular extremist groups remains a moot question. The increasing use of the internet and social media as instruments to propagate extremist philosophies may, in part, be responsible for the recent rise in sole actors. The need to involve respected and influential Muslim leaders and organizations is crucial in providing a counter-balance to the message of righteous adventure and belonging promoted by Islamic State.

Family tree and ancestry inference: is there a need for a 'generational' consent?

BackgroundGenealogical research and ancestry testing are popular recreational activities but little is known about the impact of the use of these services on clients’ biological and social families. Ancestry databases are being enriched with self-reported data and data from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analyses, but also are being linked to other direct-to-consumer genetic testing and research databases. As both family history data and DNA can provide information on more than just the individual, we asked whether companies, as a part of the consent process, were informing clients, and through them clients’ relatives, of the potential implications of the use and linkage of their personal data.MethodsWe used content analysis to analyse publically-available consent and informational materials provided to potential clients of ancestry and direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies to determine what consent is required, what risks associated with participation were highlighted, and whether the consent or notification of third parties was suggested or required.ResultsWe identified four categories of companies providing: 1) services based only on self-reported data, such as personal or family history; 2) services based only on DNA provided by the client; 3) services using both; and 4) services using both that also have a research component. The amount of information provided on the potential issues varied significantly across the categories of companies. ‘Traditional’ ancestry companies showed the greatest awareness of the implications for family members, while companies only asking for DNA focused solely on the client. While in some cases companies included text recommending clients inform their relatives, showing they recognised the issues, often it was located within lengthy terms and conditions or privacy statements that may not be read by potential clients.ConclusionsWe recommend that companies should make it clearer that clients should inform third parties about their plans to participate, that third parties’ data will be provided to companies, and that that data will be linked to other databases, thus raising privacy and issues on use of data. We also suggest investigating whether a ‘generational consent’ should be created that would include more than just the individual in decisions about participating in genetic investigations.

The Economics of Life: Reflections on the Term of Copyright

Copyright, and indeed all intellectual property, reflects a compromise between the need for reward on creations we see – by reserving them to the creator – and the need to let information freely flow so as to permit further creations to emerge with as few encumbrances as possible. Over the past quarter century or so, all parameters of copyright have been moved towards more protection, disturbing the underlying compromise. The term of protection extends well beyond what is practically useful for the vast majority of creators, much as it may serve the needs of a small number of large players who hold important older copyrights still producing revenue. This paradoxical situation results from a few founding principles considered untouchable in the countries members of the Berne Convention: it is automatically obtained, without formality and for a uniform and rather lengthy term. If we want to redress the balance underlying copyright, we may have to call these principles into question and lead creators individually to reveal the value they attach to their right by renewing it, allowing it to lapse into the public domain when they no longer value it. Whilst this would reintroduce formalities into the structure of copyright, technological advances may make these less of a burden than they were at the time of their abolition. Alternatively, one might consider an interpretation of equitable exceptions to copyright (such as fair use and fair dealing) so as to expand them gradually as the copyright in question ages. Such approaches would have the fortunate effect of avoiding that lobbying by the happy few needlessly locks up culture for most of us.

The Poulson Affair: Corruption and the Role of Bankruptcy Law Public Examinations in the Early 1970s

This article examines the Poulson affair of the early 1970s. In so doing it examines two areas in particular. First, the role of the bankruptcy law public examination procedure in exposing Cabinet level involvement in the corrupt practices of the bankrupt architect, John Garlick Llewellyn Pouslon. In the course of his 1972 bankruptcy proceedings, in Wakefield, it emerged that Poulson had used, through one of his companies, the services of Reginald Maudling MP, a former Chancellor of the Exchequer, and at the time of Poulson's bankruptcy Home Secretary and Deputy Prime Minister in Edward Heath's government. As a result of his involvement in Poulson's affairs Maudling was compelled to resign as Home Secretary. In the course of the next three years or so Poulson, T. Dan Smith, Pottinger and several others were convicted of bribery offences in the Leeds Crown Court and sentenced to lengthy terms of imprisonment. The second main area examined in this article highlights the attempt to curtail the public examination of Poulson through the undermining of the trustee in bankruptcy’s silk, namely, Mr Muir Hunter QC. In examining the bankruptcy public examination procedure the article tests whether the demise in the importance of public examinations has harmed the effectiveness and social benefit of English and Welsh personal insolvency law.

Enduring Repression: Narratives of Loyalty to the Party Before, During and After the Gulag

This article documents the attitudes—especially those of loyalty—among Gulag prisoners and returnees toward the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), and seeks to ascertain how their incarceration subsequently influenced those sentiments. It is paradoxical that some prisoners—many of whom were falsely convicted—endured gruelling, barely survivable, lengthy terms of labour camp and prison and emerged maintaining their loyalty toward the system of government that was responsible for their imprisonment. With the materials that have become available, we can now begin to understand this phenomenon. Explanations include the ‘traumatic bond’ (Stockholm Syndrome), communism (the Party) as a surrogate for institutionalised religion, cognitive dissonance and functionalism. This issue may offer insight into the larger question of how repressive regimes are maintained.

One Man's Plan: The Story of Gerald Melling's Tenure as Editor of New Zealand Architect, and some Implications Thereof

In late 1983 Gerald Melling replaced Gordon Moller as editor of the New Zealand Institute of Architects' journal, New Zealand Architect. The appointment of Melling was not contentious, Moller was stepping aside after a lengthy term, and while Melling brought less architectural experience to the job he added weight as a noted writer and editor. Melling edited New Zealand Architect for 11 issues, from No.4, 1983, through to issue No.2, 1986, and, as the NZIA might have expected, the first issues under Melling's influence displayed a far greater degree of creative and editorial urgency than had been the case previously. Yet, the end, when it came, was sharp, with Melling stepping down from the role in the aftermath of legal threats, and there are still rumours that the Institute abandoned its editorial association to the journal as a direct result of Melling's editorial control. This is not true, and this paper traces the circumstances of that myth. During Melling's supervision New Zealand Architect entered into a brief period of critical commentary in which New Zealand's buildings were viewed as a responsible to a wider public, and accountable to that audience through criticism. In his first editorial Melling wrote of the need for openness where architects get things right, and an honest reflection on where they get them wrong. Unfortunately the principle audience for New Zealand Architect, New Zealand's architects, did not always feel quite so happy about discussing their failures. Indeed, in one key instance they felt compelled to defend their work through legal channels. In his 1985 end-of-year Wellington BLAND Awards (Blatantly Limpwristed Acceptance of Nondescript Design) Melling erroneously named the architects responsible for the "Gross, overbearing, cheap and nasty" Control Data Building as Williams Developments. The architects, understandably perhaps, reacted immediately to what they perceived as a harmful association and demanded a retraction. One was offered, in the next issue, but it must be added that the sceptical tone of Melling's withdrawal, which involved reiterating his condemnation of the Control Data Building, was not helped by another mistaken attribution. The next issue, in which authorship was finally resolved, was to be Melling's last. Behind the print of the BLAND Awards was a flurry of threats, legal and otherwise, which called into attention the financial responsibility held by the NZIA in the advent of legitimate claims of slander being upheld, soon after Melling stepped down. This paper reviews the editorial content of New Zealand Architect immediately prior to, during the period of, and subsequent to Gerald Melling's dismissal as editor. Attention is given to the circumstances of his departure from, and the NZIA's subsequent dissolution of any legal relationship with the journal. I suggest that after Melling the journal's intellectual attention focused on the successful activities of architects and has not since seriously discussed wider issues regarding the social and public responsibilities of buildings, or architects. As Gerald Melling wrote in his first editorial, architects are seldom held to public account for their failures. Sadly, the Institute's response to one editor's attempt to rectify this oversight set its own journal on a course of social disengagement from which it has never been able to recover.

Do they walk on water?: Federal Reserve chairmen and the Fed

A crowd gathers. People crane their necks. Cameras flash. The limo door opens. Who is it-Mick Jagger? Oprah? Tiger Woods? No. It's Alan Greenspan-and the crowd still goes wild. Many felt Greenspan walked on water during his lengthy term as Chairman of the Federal Reserve System. But was he a genius or, as Tolstoy might portray him, simply someone who could manifest confidence while attempting to captain an uncontrollable ship? In this book, economist Leonard Santow casts a steely eye on the Fed and its five most recent chairmen-Arthur Burns, G. William Miller, Paul Volcker, Alan Greenspan, and Ben Bernanke. Along the way, readers learn what function the Fed performs and why, how monetary policy differs from fiscal policy, which levers the Fed uses to change the money supply and control inflation, and more. This is one of the few books to explain the inner workings of the Fed and its Open Market Operations in layman's terms, while evaluating its most recent chiefs in their efforts to keep inflation at bay and the economy humming. Written in an easy and accessible style, the book also contains insights on the subprime mess and the securities that helped bring down the real estate house of cards, and it offers prescriptions for smoothing the choppy economic seas going forward.

Drug Offences, the Death Penalty, and Indonesia's Human Rights Obligations in the Case of the Bali 9: Opinion Submitted to the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia

In 2005 a number of Australian citizens (known as the 9) were convicted of offences under the Narcotics Law of Indonesia in relation to their participation in a drug smuggling operation that was intended to transport a large amount of heroin from Bali to Australia. At first instance they were sentenced to lengthy terms of imprisonment, but on appeal a number of them had their sentence increased to death. Three of those sentenced to death on appeal lodged petitions with the Constitutional Court of Indonesia arguing that the imposition of the death penalty was a violation of the Indonesian Constitution, as well as of Indonesia's obligations under international human rights treaties. This expert opinion was submitted to the court and addresses two issues of international human rights law which were before the Court: (1) whether the restriction contained in article 51 of the Law on the Constitutional Court of access to the Court to Indonesian citizens only is a violation of Indonesia's international obligations; and (2) whether the imposition of the death penalty in relation to drug offences is a violation of Indonesia's obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Creating New Families: The History of Adoption in the United States

The two works under discussion rely on different definitions of adoption and thus present discussions with very different scopes. Strangers and Kin is the more restricted in chronological coverage, but is also the more detailed analysis of the process of adoption in the United States and the varied meanings attached to it during the twentieth century. While the two works are disparate in form and coverage, they nevertheless complement each other. There is some overlap; Melosh has a chapter in Adoption in America, and she acknowledges Wayne Carp in her introduction. For the most part, however, the two books approach adoption in different ways so that together they provide a fuller understanding of the process as a whole. Because of a strong concern for the transmission of property to legitimate blood kin there was no legal recognition of adoption in England before the twentieth century; adoption did not become legal until 1926. The practice in the colonies in British North America diverged from the prohibitions in the mother country. Placing children in other families on a permanent basis was common in Colonial America, especially in New England. These placements could be formal such as apprenticeship and indenture which were temporary contractual arrangements or informal. In either case children from one family might be lodged in another household. There they would be members of that household-though not necessarily members of the family. They would receive their keep (room, board, and some skill or start in life) in exchange for a lengthy term of labor. Although treated in the same way as family members, apprentices and indentured servants were not regarded as kin and they were not entitled to any form of inheritance. Local authorities used apprenticeship and indenture as a way of placing orphaned, neglected, abandoned, or abused children in foster homes. According to Carp in his

A Response: “What the Manuscripts and the Eyewitnesses Tell Us about the Translation of the Book of Mormon”

Research Article| October 01 2002 A Response: “What the Manuscripts and the Eyewitnesses Tell Us about the Translation of the Book of Mormon” Daniel C. Peterson Daniel C. Peterson Daniel C. Peterson is Associate Professor of Arabic and Islamic Studies at Brigham Young University. He is the editor-in-chief of BYU’s Middle Eastern Texts Initiative, which includes the Islamic Translation Series. He earned his Ph.D. in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures from the University of California at Los Angeles. He is also the author of several books and numerous articles on Islamic and Latter-day Saint topics. Peterson currently serves on the board of the Institute for the Study and Preservation of Ancient Religious Texts and recently completed a lengthy term as chairman of the board of trustees for FARMS. He is well known as the editor of the FARMS Review of Books. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) (2002) 11 (2): 67–71. https://doi.org/10.5406/jbookmormstud.11.2.0067 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Daniel C. Peterson; A Response: “What the Manuscripts and the Eyewitnesses Tell Us about the Translation of the Book of Mormon”. Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (1992-2007) 1 October 2002; 11 (2): 67–71. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/jbookmormstud.11.2.0067 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressJournal of Book of Mormon Studies Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 2002 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois2002 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Major's lesser (not minor) effects: prime ministerial approval and governing party support in Britain since 1979

Recent studies have challenged a long-standing conventional wisdom that British prime ministers have little or no influence on party support. This research is based largely on data gathered during Margaret Thatcher's lengthy term in office. Given her enormous salience and the powerful emotions that her policies and personality evoked, the conclusion that voters' evaluations of prime ministerial performance typically are very influential may be unwarranted. This paper addresses the possibility by comparing the impact of prime ministerial approval on governing party vote intentions during the Thatcher and Major eras. Time series analyses of error correction models of Conservative Party support for the 1979–1996 period reveal that prime ministerial approval had stronger short- and long-run effects on vote intentions during the Thatcher years. However, both kinds of effects remained statistically significant and substantively important when Major was prime minister.

"Pater urbis": Augustus as City Father of Rome

Rome in the mid-first century B. C. projected an unattractive image. The urban infrastructure had long been mismanaged. Even public temples showed the effects of neglect. Focusing on immediate solutions solvable in a single term in office, Republican magistrates could not deal effectively with problems of urban care. Rather than enforcing extant regulations, the state relied inefficiently on private efforts and civil suits to maintain and protect the built environment. As a result, legal restrictions only marginally curbed poor construction and speculation. At the end of the millennium, Augustus assumed the role of pater patriae. As benevolent father, he exerted control over the Roman people at every level. Using a skillful combination of carrot and stick, he intervened in all aspects of the urban environment, building and repairing structures and reshaping legal and administrative provisions for urban care. For maximum efficiency, he redefined existing offices and established a clear hierarchy of responsibility. Exploiting the office of curator, he made appointments for lengthy terms and created permanent bureaucratic staffs. He involved every class in the care of the capital and made sure that all officeholders owed their allegiance to him personally. His efforts coalesced in 7 B. C. with the establishment of fourteen new administrative regions. Seen in totality, Augustus's seemingly ad hoc provisions for fire fighting, water distribution, building maintenance, and urban safety reflect a consistent policy of social control. His efforts to create a functional, attractive, and enduring urban environment were both paternal and calculated.