Leisure Research Articles

Perception on health and exercise among indonesian older adults: a sequential exploratory study in javanese rural communities

This study aims to investigate the perceptions of health and exercise among older adults in rural Javanese communities in Indonesia. Through a sequential exploratory approach, the research uncovers diverse levels of knowledge regarding health and exercise among the rural population. There are 40 older adults from three different regency in Central Java Province participated in filling out the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Further qualitative analysis used 25 samples out of 40 through convenient method. Semi-structured interview is conducted to confirm results of questionnaire and explore their perception on health and exercise. Despite variations, a predominant belief emerges among participants regarding the significant health benefits associated with exercise. Analysis reveals that a considerable majority (87.5%) of participants meet the World Health Organization's recommended standards of >600 METs/week, primarily through work-related physical activities. However, there remains a notable disparity in the prevalence of physical activity during leisure time, particularly in engaging in sport-related physical activities. The accumulated METs score dominantly comes from work and travel-related activities. Qualitative study reveals that there are still few initiatives among older adults to adopt a healthy living through sports and exercise. Some believe that sports were never part of their culture. To address these findings, we urge for strategic interventions from stakeholders to enhance awareness among rural older adults about the importance of sports and exercise to enhance the overall well-being. This entails the implementation of health education programs and the facilitation of collective exercise activities at the village level. Keywords: health, exercise, older adults, rural communities, GPAQ

Risk and Protective Factors for Gambling Among Youth by origin: Findings from the three waves of cross-sectional Finnish School Health Promotion Study among 238,939 Students.

Gambling is a public health problem that can cause many kinds of harm. The aim of this study was to examine youth gambling by origin, and the risk and protective factors associated with it. The data was drawn from the School Health Promotion Study (n = 238,939) conducted in Finland, representative of the 14 to 16-year-old Finnish schoolchildren. Cross-tabulations and multivariate logistic regression were used in assessing the association between origin and weekly gambling. Interaction terms of origin and background variables related to substance use, peer and family relations and leisure time were then calculated to assess inter-group differences. The study showed that foreign-born, migrant origin and youth from mixed families were more likely to gamble weekly compared to youth with Finnish-born parents. The likelihood of gambling was particularly high among foreign-born and migrant-origin youth. Weekly gambling was significantly more common among boys than girls in all studied youth groups, and it was particularly common among foreign-born boys compared to other groups. Substance use was associated with weekly gambling and even more so among foreign-born youth. There were also differences by origin in the strength of association between other background factors and weekly gambling. Foreign-born boys appear to be especially vulnerable to multiple health and social risks including gambling, making them a particularly important group for targeted preventive programs. Preventive efforts are needed to enhance public awareness, boost parental supervision, and limit gambling-related risks. Special attention is needed to prevent migrant-origin boys from developing problems with gambling.

The Effects of Satisfaction With Different Domains of Life on General Life Satisfaction Vary Between Individuals (but We Cannot Tell You Why)

People care about different domains of life (e.g., their health, social life, work) to varying degrees. It thus seems plausible that how satisfied they are with those domains matters for their general life satisfaction to varying degrees. This idea has been investigated in the importance-weighting literature with at best mixed results, but variations of it can be found across different fields of psychology and include claims that values, personality, and age moderate the extent to which different life domains affect life satisfaction. In this study, we investigated the effects of satisfaction with 14 different life domains on general life satisfaction in a study of 439 individuals who provided up to 15 diary entries, resulting in a total of 6,071 observations. All domains had positive effects on average, with the largest effects for satisfaction with leisure time usage (b = 0.19, bstd = 0.25 relative to the within-person variability) and relationship satisfaction (b = 0.16, bstd = 0.17). Beyond these averages, there was robust interindividual variability; the standard deviation of the individual-level effects was of a similar magnitude as the average effect (and sometimes even larger). But when exploring correlations between these individual-level effects with third variables (e.g., self-reported importance of the respective domain, gender and age, Big Five personality traits), no convincing overall patterns arose. This may at least in part result from the high uncertainty with which individual-level effects were estimated, with reliabilities of ~.30, and the resulting low statistical power.

“We Called It ‘Cancer Park’”: Soil Contamination and Outdoor Leisure in Southeast Los Angeles

Environmental justice work has long sought to illuminate and challenge the inequitable impacts of pollution. In this case study, we evaluated the impact of soil lead contamination on outdoor leisure in Southeast Los Angeles, where more than 2000 residential properties near a lead-acid battery recycling facility indicated high soil lead levels. This study employed an embedded case study design to (1) evaluate the impact of soil lead contamination on residents’ outdoor leisure and (2) illuminate the socio-political institutions that wield power to shape daily life. Embedded survey results indicated that neither objective nor subjective soil lead measures were associated with outdoor leisure time of adults or children; however, additional forms of evidence illuminated how compounding environmental hazards, inadequate communication, and power inequities shaped outdoor leisure activities in Southeast Los Angeles. These findings sought to critically illustrate that health promoting outdoor leisure spaces are a privilege afforded to some, but not all.

Students' Well-Being and Academic Engagement: A Multivariate Analysis of the Influencing Factors.

This paper aims to identify the factors that are positively or negatively impacting students' well-being and their academic engagement. We used partial least-squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using the data collected through a questionnaire from four countries: Romania, Turkey, Slovakia, and Bulgaria. The model includes seven factors that influence the well-being of students and indirectly their academic engagement: stressors in the students' lives; professors' support; social support from family and friends; the students' perceived satisfaction in their lives; engaging in activities during their leisure time; self-exploration regarding their careers; and environmental exploration regarding their careers. The results show that all factors, except for stressors and environmental exploration regarding their careers, positively influence the students' well-being and thus their academic engagement. These findings are useful for university professors and managers in better organizing activities to increase academic performance.

Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of network attention to resort hotels in China

An increasing number of people are gathering travel information online prior to their trips as a result of the Internet's rapid expansion. The amount of network attention receives can indicate how many people are looking for something. The orderly development of Chinese resort hotels can be guided by research on the spatiotemporal characteristics of their network attention. Using Chinese resort hotels as the study subject, everyday information about resort hotels in 31 Chinese provinces was gathered via the Baidu Index platform between 2018 and 2022, and mathematical statistics and other methods were used to study the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and influence of Chinese resort hotels network attention. Findings reveal that, from 2018 to 2022, network attention to resort hotels across the country fluctuated significantly across seasons, and there was a “precursor effect” reaction before the week of network attention. Moreover, the spatial distribution of network attention to Chinese resort hotels was uneven, showing an overall trend of “east–central–west” decline. Level of economic development, degree of network development, leisure time, and population size are the main factors affecting the spatiotemporal distribution of Chinese resort hotels network attention.

Effects of an Online Health Management Program for South Korean Adolescents with Complex Congenital Heart Disease during Their Transition to Adulthood: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Adolescents with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of experiencing complications later in life. The purpose of this study was to develop an online health management program for adolescents with complex CHD and to evaluate its effects on self-efficacy, health behavior, and health-related quality of life. A randomized controlled trial design was used. A total of 29 adolescents with complex CHD were divided into an experimental group of 15 and a control group of 14. Participants in the intervention group took part in the 4-week online health management program (weekly online group sessions, 1:1 phone coaching, dietary diary feedback, and provision of health information) developed based on self-efficacy theory, while those in the control group received standard medical follow-up. Data were collected from August 2021 to March 2022 using a questionnaire-including the Korean Self-Rated Abilities for Health Practices: Health Self-Efficacy Measure (K-SRAHP) and Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory (PCQLI)-and an ActiGraph accelerometer to track physical activity and sleep. The intervention group showed significant improvements in health self-efficacy (p = 0.003), psychosocial impact (p = 0.013), daily step counts (p = 0.011), and moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity (p = 0.027). Additionally, a decrease in weekend leisure time sedentary behavior (p = 0.035) was observed. However, there were no significant differences in sleep behavior between two groups. The online health management program significantly enhanced self-efficacy, health behavior, and psychosocial impact in adolescents with complex CHD. These findings will inform the development of policies for transitional medical care tailored to adolescents with complex CHD.

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Long-Term Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Observational studies have demonstrated an increased amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk among professional athletes in various sports. For moderately increased levels of physical activity and fitness, the results are diverging. Through a cohort study, we aimed to assess the relationship between indicators of physical activity and fitness (self-reported physical activity and resting heart rate) and long-term ALS risk. From a large Norwegian cardiovascular health survey (1985-1999), we collected information on self-reported physical activity in leisure time, resting heart rate, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with ALS were identified through health registries covering the whole population. We fitted Cox proportional hazard models to assess the risk of ALS according to levels of self-reported physical activity in 3 categories (1: sedentary; 2: minimum 4 hours per week of walking or cycling; 3: minimum 4 hours per week of recreational sports or hard training), and resting heart rate modeled both on the continuous scale and as quartiles of distribution. Out of 373,696 study participants (mean 40.9 [SD 1.1] years at inclusion), 504 (41.2% women) developed ALS during a mean follow-up time of 27.2 (SD 5.0) years. Compared with participants with the lowest level of physical activity, the hazard ratio was 0.71 (95% CI 0.53-0.95) for those with the highest level. There were no clear associations between resting heart rate and ALS in the total sample. In men, the hazard ratio of ALS was 0.71 (95% CI 0.53-0.95) for those reporting moderate levels of physical activity and 0.59 (95% CI 0.42-0.84) for those reporting high levels, compared with those reporting low levels. Men with resting heart rate in the lowest quartile had 32% reduced risk of ALS (hazard ratio 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.94) compared with those in the second highest quartile. In women, no association was detected between neither self-reported levels of physical activity nor resting heart rate and ALS risk. Indicators of high levels of physical activity and fitness are associated with a reduced risk of ALS more than 30 years later in men, but not in women.

Медиапространство как направление массовой коммуникации у студентов

Modern media space is an actively developing area of mass communication. A number of modern historians define it as a perspective for a negative scenario of social development. Modern man is actively involved in the media space, which forms his priorities, moods, tastes. Complements and diversifies leisure time. Almost everyone's day begins and ends with watching media content. Children and young people turned out to be especially active users. This trend is alarming. Live human communication is being replaced by a digital copy that does not require special energy costs from the user. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the problems of the production of audiovisual content in the media space. Building high-quality information content will minimize the negative component of the transforming communication process.

Optimal Social Security with Loss Aversion

This article characterizes optimal social security in economies with agents who exhibit loss aversion. Two forms of loss aversion are explored. In the first, workers have a fixed retirement age and are loss averse over private savings. This motivates a more generous social security program. In the second, workers do no private savings but can choose their retirement age, exhibiting loss aversion over the foregone leisure time from delayed retirement. Social security benefits consequently rise steeper with retirement age and an earlier normal retirement age is optimal. In both cases, optimal policy is highly sensitive to the introduction of loss averse preferences.

Leisure Time Habits and Levels of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents.

Childhood and adolescence are important stages of life for acquiring healthy habits. There is a high prevalence of sedentary lifestyles worldwide during these ages, which negatively impacts health. This is attributed, in part, to excessive time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors. The aim of this study was to assess the time spent on sedentary behaviors and their relationship with physical activity levels in children and adolescents in the Community of Madrid. A total of 26,729 participants aged 10-17 from various schools and institutes took part in this study. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used, and they were asked about the time they spent on different leisure time habits (specific sedentary behaviors and organized physical activity). A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between the time spent in sedentary activities and the time spent in physical activity. The results revealed that children and adolescents engage in low levels of physical activity and most of them spend considerable time in sedentary behaviors such as studying, watching television, or using social media. Completing school homework (Coef: 1.23, 95% CI: -0.51 to 2.97, p = 0.167) or using social media for more than 2 h (Coef: 1.29, 95% CI: -2.98 to 0.40, p = 0.133) compared to not dedicating time to them did not show a significant association with daily physical activity time. Watching television for more than 2 h was associated with a decrease of 2.60 min (95% CI: -4.41 to -0.78, p = 0.005). Thus, no or only irrelevant associations were found between time spent in sedentary activities and physical activity time. Despite the drawbacks of spending time engaging in sedentary behaviors, they seem to be compatible with physical activity levels. Therefore, it is important to continue research on physical activity adherence strategies to promote overall health and well-being.

Gifted Students’ Academic Motivation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia

Research suggests that the effect of emergency remote education on the motivation of gifted students during the COVID-19 pandemic differs from that observed in traditional students. The main aim of the present study was to explore the lived experience of academic motivation among gifted high school students in Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 47 gifted students aged 15 to 18, using the same methodological procedure in the three countries with similar educational backgrounds. Grounded in gifted students’ narratives about their academic motivation, we detected three groups of students who experienced decreased, no change in, or increased academic motivation. Furthermore, we identified group-specific patterns based on the most common activities and salient features of students’ school context, learning, and leisure time during the pandemic.

Weight gain, new-onset overweight or obesity, and their influencing factors during the social distancing era of the COVID-19 pandemic

The prevalence of obesity is gradually increasing in South Korea, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has accelerated the weight gain. In response to COVID-19, South Korea implemented targeted distancing measures based on the number of COVID-19 cases, rather than a full lockdown. This study focused on two subgroups that influence the rise in obesity prevalence during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and explored the factors contributing to rapid weight gain in this group during this period. This cross-sectional study involved 3,462 participants recruited through the MicroEmbrain Inc. Online survey panel. Participation emails were sent by the research company to the online survey panel, and individuals who voluntarily agreed to participate responded to the survey. The participants consisted of residents aged 19 and above from Seoul, with sample distribution taking considering sex, age, and region. Height, and weight before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were self-reported. The analysis revealed that compared with that of pre-COVID-19 statistics, 11 % of all participants entered the overweight or obese categories post COVID-19, and among those who were overweight or obese before COVID-19, 42.5 % reported weight gain. Both groups had relatively younger individuals, higher stress levels, spent more time alone, and had increased usage of online platforms including online food purchasing. Post-COVID-19 wt gain among individuals with pre-existing overweight or obesity status was associated with a higher frequency of solitary drinking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.407, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.024–1.932), increased online leisure time (OR = 1.336, 95 % CI = 1.063–1.678), and increased use of meal delivery services (OR = 1.307, 95 % CI = 1.026–1.664). The prevalence of obesity has continued to rise after COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for interventions that mitigate the negative impact of the pandemic on health behavior.

Effects of Screen-Based Leisure Time on 24 Subsequent Health and Wellbeing Outcomes: A Longitudinal Outcome-Wide Analysis.

Previous research has shown that screen-based leisure time is related to physical and mental health, relationships, and prosocial behaviors. However, it remains unclear whether screen-based leisure time causally affects wellbeing, as previous studies have relied on cross-sectional data, focused on one type of media use (e.g., social media, video games, or internet), or assessed a narrow set of outcomes. We used three waves (2016, 2017, 2019) of national longitudinal data from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study to investigate the effects of screen-based leisure time on 24 parameters of wellbeing (n = 11,085). We operationalized screen-based leisure as the sum of time spent browsing the internet, using social media, watching/reading the news, watching videos, and playing video games. We followed the outcome-wide analytic design for observational data by performing a series of multivariable regression models estimating the effect of screen-based leisure time on 24 wellbeing outcomes and assessed potential unmeasured confounding using sensitivity analyses. In our primary analysis with the total sample, total screen-based leisure time was associated with a very modest decrease in body satisfaction and a very modest increase in body mass index. Possible evidence of associations was found with increases in number of hours spent exercising and volunteering each week, as well as decreases in number of average daily hours of sleep, self-control, and subjective health. Screen-based leisure time has the potential to affect health and wellbeing. Results are discussed in light of the high prevalence of screen-based leisure time.

The impact of video gaming, music, and social media on physical activities among adults in China and Germany

ABSTRACT Videogaming, music listening, and social media are popular activities in leisure time. In this study, we aim to investigate if time spent on these leisure activities has impacts on physical activity (PA) level across China and Germany. Accordingly, we undertook an online study among adults in China (n = 1123) and Germany (n = 1009) from December 2021 to February 2022. We found that adults in Germany reported higher energy expenditure on PA than those in China. Adults in Germany preferred a high level of PA, while adults in China preferred a low level. We also found that less time on videogaming or more time on music listening was associated with higher PA level. Interestingly, time spent on social media had no effect on PA level. Our findings suggested that regulating time spent on video gaming and music listening might help promote the public’s physical activities.

The impact of the digital economy on rural residents’ tourism consumption: evidence from China

Tourism consumption is vital in expanding domestic demand and stimulating economic growth. In China, the urban-rural dual structure is more prominent in the tourism industry, and the potential of tourism consumption in rural areas needs further release. The development of the digital economy provides a new path to promote rural residents’ tourism consumption. Based on the data from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2016, 2018, and 2020, this paper explores the specific impact of the digital economy on rural tourism consumption. The results show that the digital economy is conducive to promoting rural tourism consumption, and income structure is an important influence mechanism. The digital economy can promote rural tourism consumption by increasing wage income. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the digital economy significantly promotes tourism consumption in rural households with sufficient leisure time.

Экспериментальное исследование рабочей памяти и внимания подростков с разной степенью вовлеченности в виртуальную деятельность в период пандемии КОВИД-19

<p>The study of working memory and attention of adolescents aged 16-17 years was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused additional stress due to forced isolation and reduced social contacts. The decrease in opportunities to communicate with peers was reflected in increased communication on social networks and the use of online games on the Internet, which fully corresponds to the information known in the literature. The study of working memory and attention was conducted in a group of high school students (43 people), with satisfactory and good academic performance, who had previously participated in a questionnaire to assess the characteristics of behavior in an Intern. Cognitive processes were evaluated in a computer program simulating gaming activity using a dynamic digital matrix. Students had to quickly search for numbers of different sizes located in cells, the color of which changed after each search action. The program recorded two types of errors due to choosing the wrong number when forgetting the previous choice and due to choosing the wrong number in a cell with a reduced quality of conscious attention, as well as the reaction time to the correct choice, the time of erroneous actions and the total time of the test. The task turned out to be very difficult for teenagers, as not everyone successfully coped with it the first time. The average group search time for digits is 10 seconds with the number of errors in the search equal to 50, that is, exceeding the number of changes in the matrix. Factor analysis allowed us to establish a high negative correlation of the poor quality of the task in the dynamic matrix with the time spent daily with gadgets in a virtual environment. Closer links between digital leisure time and the number of errors were found for the characteristics of working memory than for arbitrary attention.</p>

Capturing the Value of Vaccination within Health Technology Assessment and Health Economics-Practical Considerations for Expanding Valuation by Including Key Concepts.

Following the development of a value of vaccination (VoV) framework for health technology assessment/cost-effectiveness analysis (HTA/CEA), and identification of three vaccination benefits for near-term inclusion in HTA/CEA, this final paper provides decision makers with methods and examples to consider benefits of health systems strengthening (HSS), equity, and macroeconomic gains. Expert working groups, targeted literature reviews, and case studies were used. Opportunity cost methods were applied for HSS benefits of rotavirus vaccination. Vaccination, with HSS benefits included, reduced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) by 1.4-50.5% (to GBP 11,552-GBP 23,016) depending on alternative conditions considered. Distributional CEA was applied for health equity benefits of meningococcal vaccination. Nearly 80% of prevented cases were among the three most deprived groups. Vaccination, with equity benefits included, reduced the ICER by 22-56% (to GBP 7014-GBP 12,460), depending on equity parameters. Macroeconomic models may inform HTA deliberative processes (e.g., disease impact on the labour force and the wider economy), or macroeconomic outcomes may be assessed for individuals in CEAs (e.g., impact on non-health consumption, leisure time, and income). These case studies show how to assess broader vaccination benefits in current HTA/CEA, providing decision makers with more accurate and complete VoV assessments. More work is needed to refine inputs and methods, especially for macroeconomic gains.

FİZİKİ MƏHDUDLUĞU OLAN ATICILARIN MƏŞQ PROSESİ ÜÇÜN SƏMƏRƏLİ VASİTƏ VƏ METODLARIN TƏYİNİ

Determination of Effective Tools and Methods for the Training Process of Physically Disabled Shooters Summary The topic we are addressing has been relevant for almost all time. We are talking about people with physical disabilities. It is a fact that this issue will always be on the agenda of the society as long as humanity exists. Disability is not only the result of certain unpleasant events, but also a consequence of birth. That is, this urgent issue is approached from a medical point of view. A more important issue is the rehabilitation of disabled people, their integration into society. As one of the main means of effectively organizing the leisure time of the disabled, sports has attracted great interest among the disabled. Key words: shooting, air pistol, training process, physical limitation, instability, efficient tool, method

Quality of life and physical activity levels among colorectal cancer patients: An observational study.

This study investigated the influence of physical activity on the quality of life of patients with postsurgical colorectal cancer in Jordan. A total of 108 colorectal cancer patients aged ≥18 years who underwent surgery at the King Hussein Cancer Center participated voluntarily. The exclusion criteria were severe comorbidities, absolute contraindications to physical activity, and concurrent cancers. Data collection involved phone interviews using The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire due to coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. Significant positive differences in the quality of life subcategory "physical score" were observed between active and less active patients, favoring the active group. However, no significant differences were found in the impact of physical roles on quality of life between active and less active patients. Participation in physical activity is associated with enhanced physical function in both active and less active colorectal cancer patients. We recommend the implementation of physical activity programs and clinics at King Hussein Cancer Center. Future experimental studies assessing the impact of tailored physical activity training on quality of life are warranted.