Legal Education System Research Articles

Престиж преподавателя высшей юридической школы: некоторые особенности и направления развития

The purpose of the presented article is to identify the main difficulties and obstacles in establishing the socio-legal prestige of the teaching staff of higher education in modern Russia. The authors of the article formulate separate proposals aimed at organizational, legal, cultural and ideological support of the teaching profession of an educational organization. Methodology: the study combines the analysis of social relations and legal regulation in the context of the socio-legal prestige of a higher school teacher. In general, special legal, sociological, cultural, and logical research methods are used. Conclusions. The main conclusion is made in the work: the qualitative components of the socio-legal prestige of a teacher of an educational organization affect not only the state of the professional educational environment, but also determine the development of higher education. The authors of the article believe that objective difficulties and problems that stand in the way of forming the prestige of the teaching profession of an educational organization can lead to deformation of professional legal culture and regression of educational activities. Scientific and practical relevance. The proposed ideas can be used to discuss issues of improving the legal education system within the framework of scientific seminars and conferences. The authors are confident that the development of the higher education system through its social support and actualization can increase the prestige of the work of a teacher of an educational organization. Some of the ideas proposed in the article can be implemented in the field of artistic creativity and culture.

Надання безоплатної правової допомоги населенню у процесі здійснювання навчальної діяльності: аспекти міжнародного та українського історичного досвіду

The article highlights the issues of international and Ukrainian historical experience of providing legal aid in general, and frees legal aid in the course of educational activities in particular. The author traces the peculiarities of this process from its origins to the present day. The author argues that the provision of free legal aid in the context of educational activities is a multifaceted process which, both in the world and in Ukraine, has been taking place for centuries in various forms and under the influence of various factors. It is emphasized that its undoubted prerequisite was the legalization of the legal profession and the establishment of an extensive system of legal education. The author emphasizes that these facts were the result of the growing importance of law in the process of regulation of social relations. The author analyzes the main stages and features of the European historical experience of legal aid in the period of Antiquity, theMiddle Ages and theModern era. The author also considers some historical experience of providing free legal aid in the context of educational activities which took place in Ukraine. The author proves that Ancient Rome was a pioneer in creating an extensive system of legal education and developing various forms of legal aid. The author establishes that the real establishment of the system of free legal aid, in particular, in the course of educational activities, took place only in the 1920s, and at first it was localized and limited mainly to the United States. It is argued that its implementation became possible as a result of a long scientific discussion in previous years, during which a new approach to legal training with a priority on practice was developed, and a form of such training – “legal clinic” – was found. The author shows that legal clinical education is considered to be one of the most effective today. The nature and peculiarities of the spread of legal clinical education, as well as the development of the relevant legal framework in Ukraine are traced.

Негосударственная система бесплатной юридической помощи в Российской Федерации: основные проблемы и перспективы

Purpose. Identification of problems that impede the progressive development of the legal education system in the Russian Federation, reflection of the role and importance of legal advice in the field of strengthening and developing practical skills. Identification of the degree of influence on the existing system of legal education in the Russian Federation of state policy in the field of regulation and formation of a system of free legal assistance. Methodology: dialectics, analysis and synthesis, formal legal, comparative legal, logical, method of interpreting legal norms, philosophical conceptology. Conclusions. Today, the development of the free legal aid system leads to the fact that in the absence of funding, many legal advice centers created at universities risk not being in demand. In modern conditions, many legal consultations created at universities may be abolished. In the future, the management of individual universities may relieve themselves of the obligation to provide legal consultations or relevant educational programs. The main reasons for abolition may also be the student’s lack of real opportunity to obtain practical skills in government bodies and the judicial system (impossibility of practical participation in judicial proceedings). Scientific and practical relevance. The article is aimed at identifying existing problems in the legal education system in the Russian Federation, which have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the education system in the field of development and strengthening the final level of practical qualifications of a graduate of a legal educational institution. In addition, the article substantiates the need to eliminate the identified problems.

The Role of Historical-Law Knowledge in the Legal Education System

This article is devoted to the place and role of the discipline “History of the State and Law” in the system of legal education. It provides an opportunity not only to acquire in-depth knowledge in the field of the historical development of the state system and legal regulation, but also provides a basis for awareness of the contemporary state-legal situation. The study also allows to predict the further development of the state and the law.

Dating Violence Among Chinese College Students: Unaided Victims and Legal Lacunae.

This research draws on literature review and case analyses revealed that the main reasons for Chinese dating violence's high prevalence are the long-term influence of patriarchy and gender culture and low recognition and awareness of the issue among students. Current Anti-domestic Violence Act does not apply to dating violence rendering victims devoid of preventive skills or relief recourse critiqued. Research exploring the lack of education on intimate partner violence in colleges has made students oblivious to the risks. Finally, the review provides detailed recommendations on expanding the practical scope of the Anti-domestic Violence Act to include dating violence and provide judges with clarification on the relevant elements of a dating relationship and cooperation of the legal system and education system in preventing dating violence.

RUSSIAN CONSTITUTION AS A GUARANTEE OF CIVILIZATIONAL IDENTITY AND SOVEREIGN DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN STATE (ON THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY)

The Constitution of Russia, despite pessimistic forecasts during its adoption, caused, among other things, by the idea of the targeted, anticrisis nature of this document, was a reliable basis for the formation of national consent, reconciliation of society, and became the most important guarantee of the preservation of Russian socio-cultural identity based on traditional spiritual and moral values. In modern socio-historical and geopolitical conditions, the consolidating role of the Russian Constitution and its potential associated with ensuring the sovereign development of Russian statehood is increasing. Designed to ensure state development in conditions of historical turbulence, the Russian Constitution enshrined exible, self-adjusting mechanisms for balancing the interests of the individual, society and the state, based both on respect for the heritage and traditions of our ancestors, and on the desire for social progress. It is necessary to consistently reveal the normative, value-semantic content of the current Constitution of Russia, for which an essential prerequisite should be its demythologization in the sense of abandoning its distorted interpretations inspired by the currents of liberal-individualistic globalism. Some judgments on this matter, concerning, in particular, the ideological side of state development, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the system of constitutional values, spiritual, moral and legal education in the education system, are set out in the article with the expectation of further scienti c dialogue and the formation of a new constitutional paradigms of Russian statehood.

Islam: The Complete, Functional and Practical Guide to Life

People say developed countries became developed by following secularism while Muslim countries became backward by following Islam. This is false perception. In fact developed countries are following Islamic principles unknowingly in all the areas of development; Islamic principles of rule of law, justice, honesty, integrity, research and knowledge learning, development and application. Developed countries and corruption ridden Muslim countries are self harming in all those areas where they are not following Islamic principles; resource intensive hedonism, predatory economic and financial policies, corruption, fraud, injustice, prejudice and selective exploitation of people. Latest development in many developed countries is adoption of prohibition of smoking in public places and this is also based on Islamic principle of avoiding greater harm. So Islam is an essential aspect of humanity’s existence. It teaches us how to conduct ourselves in all aspects of life in a morally and legally upright manner. Islam created a well-defined system of laws governing moral behavior, civil and political rights, social issues and rights, marriage and divorce laws, inheritance rights, and all other matters we deal with daily. It serves as a guide to life in all its facets and is not just for the mosque. Since Islam is logical and rational, it keeps a Muslim free from confusion of any kind. These are some of the main points raised in the paper regarding how Islam is a comprehensive, functional, and practical code of life. Nine major relevant and significant fields have been discussed: the Islamic political system, law and legal system, Jihad, economic system, education system, marriage and family, Islamic society, the mindset, and the hijab. The discussion is analytical and comparative addressing secular ideologies based on Islamic texts and social sciences. The paper establishes that the Islamic system is the alternative system that can replace secular ideologies. This paper has been summarized from a broader and larger discussion of the same topic.

The relationship of legal science, education, and practice: finding a balance between fundamental legal education and practical skills

The article examines the concept of legal science, education and practice in the context of their interaction. It is noted that the main task of the domestic system of higher legal education is to find a balance between fundamental theoretical training and practical skills. Some types of legal practice require thorough knowledge in the field of both national and international law. Many universities focus on studying the legislation of other countries and foreign languages. In addition, modern political processes require revision of work programs of disciplines, for example, related to the activities of international organizations. For the future professional, we consider it important not only to consolidate theoretical knowledge and mechanical skills, but also to form legal thinking (develop analysis, argumentation, decision-making, responsibility). It is emphasized that the changes in the field of legal education are enshrined in the Report of the European Commission on Ukraine’s progress towards joining the EU, which was published in November 2023. Among other things, there are requirements: to clearly distinguish between legal education and personnel training for law enforcement agencies; strengthen law school admission requirements and law school licensing requirements; introduce a transparent distribution of state orders; review educational programs with an emphasis on ethics, practical training, EU law and international exchanges; implement EDKI. When modernizing legal education, it is also important to pay attention to the learning process, in particular, it is necessary to diversify the activities of students. In addition to traditional lectures, seminars and the previously mentioned practices, the experience of writing coursework and final qualification papers, participation in model processes is important for future lawyers, as this allows for the formation of a general and legal culture of writing and speech, a legal position in a case and the skills of conducting a discussion. It is concluded that new legal mechanisms are being formed in modern Ukraine, which is manifested, in particular, in active law-making, qualitative changes are taking place in legal awareness, including professional awareness. Under such conditions, professional legal education, which involves the formation of students’ practical skills, becomes invaluable. While preserving the training of professionals for a narrow field of legal activity, university education on the basis of domestic and European legal science should be developed at the same time. A university student will be able to become a good specialist only if he studies legal concepts, categories, constructions and ways of their expression in various legal realities. Such knowledge will not become obsolete in a few years, even if the current legislation changes.

Конкуренция между образовательными организациями как основа развития системы высшего юридического образования. Практико-ориентированный подход и система профессионального наставничества: темпоральный аспект

The article discusses some issues of ensuring competition between educational organizations in the context of the implementation of educational programs in the areas of bachelor's and master's degree “Jurisprudence”, taking into account a practice-oriented approach and the introduction of a professional mentoring system, based on the temporal aspect of training highly qualified future lawyers. The author, with evidence-based argumentation based on the study of the historical experience of training future lawyers in the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation, his own experience of practice-oriented pedagogical activity and taking into account practical professional experience, draws convincing conclusions about the need to reform the system of practice-oriented higher legal education, noting its shortcomings. In addition, the article notes the positive results that it is possible to achieve by introducing a professional mentoring system into the educational process of training future lawyers. The conclusions and suggestions formulated by the author in the article are modern, practical and convincing and cope with the tasks set by the state to improve the quality of higher legal education in Russia.

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN REGIONS IN STATE ADMINISTRATIVE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS IN REGIONS IN STATE ADMINISTRATIVE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE

Legal education of minors

The article is devoted to the philosophical and legal problems of the value aspects of the legal behavior of minors, which involves a constant influence on a person with the aim of forming a legal culture and active lawful behavior.
 It was found that legal education occupies a central place in the formation of a law-abiding citizen who not only does not violate the legal norms of society, but also strives to preserve the harmony of the natural-legal space and the state-legal field based on the norms of natural and positive law.
 It was emphasized that today the realities of war have shown Ukrainians the importance of national- patriotic education of youth. No less important is the education of the young generation in respect for the law and the state, but this process should not take place chaotically, but at the level of introducing innovations in the educational space, a system of national-patriotic and legal education should be implemented. The loss of value-legal connections and landmarks during the war is a problematic aspect in the process of legal education of minors, as it can lead to the deformation of legal consciousness and the formation of deviant behavior of young people.
 Children must understand what state they live in, what rights and responsibilities are, what is the difference between lawful and unlawful behavior, and what sanctions the state can apply to citizens, even minors, for violating the rules of law and the law. It is important to involve specialists in this process, namely: representatives of juvenile prevention units, psychologists, and social workers.
 Attention is focused on the need for legal education of children from among internally displaced persons during the period of adaptation in a new place of residence, with the aim of legitimate socialization.
 It is noted that the legal status of the child is guaranteed and protected at the international and national level. The child has rights, but it is necessary to teach the child to use his rights, to teach in accordance with his age, his mental and psychological characteristics. Particular attention has always been paid to the peculiarities of legal education in Ukraine. As for minors, starting with the family, preschool institutions, schools and ending with institutions of higher education (primary courses), children received an idea and understanding of what the norms of behavior are, what morality and law are.

Readiness of the Legal Education System in Indonesia in Facing the Era of Artificial Intelligence

Many parties are then worried about the development of artificial intelligence. Facing artificial intelligence (AI) is undoubtedly a challenge for the academic world, as it is difficult to prepare graduates to have abilities that can match artificial intelligence. Therefore, this research will discuss how the legal education system in Indonesia prepares Law Faculty students to be competent with AI in the digital era. This research is limited to the learning system at the Faculty of Law. This is due to the issue that in the future, with the presence of AI, many jobs in the legal field will be replaced by computers. This research also aims to see the readiness of the Law Faculty in preparing Law Faculty students to face the digital era and the presence of AI. This research falls into the criteria for Normative Legal Research using library research methods. It is said to be normative legal research, because the research only looks at the readiness of universities based on existing norms or rules relating to the legal education system. And it is said to be library research because the researcher did not conduct interviews or observations in collecting the data. The writer then analyzed the data obtained using a deductive method, where the researcher looked at general things first and then narrowed them down to specific things. The results and brief discussion show that Indonesia needs to strengthen its legal education system to face the challenges brought by artificial intelligence by taking several steps to change. With these steps of change, the legal education system in Indonesia will be better prepared to face the changes brought about by the era of artificial intelligence.

Реализация пилотного проекта по совершенствованию системы высшего юридического образования

The purpose of this article is to identify the features of the implementation of a pilot project to improve the system of higher legal education on the example of the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University. Methodology: to prepare the article, general scientific and private scientific research methods were used, including analysis, synthesis, system method, formal legal method, modeling method. Conclusions. The article presents the results of the first stage of the pilot project to improve the system of higher legal education, including the development of independently established educational standards and educational programs of basic and specialized higher education. A distinctive feature of the new educational standard is that it establishes requirements for the implementation of educational programs not for one level of education, but for an enlarged group of specialties and areas of training for basic and specialized levels of higher education. The requirements for the terms of education have been changed. The developed educational program of basic higher education assumes a period of study of 5 years. The programs of specialized higher education — Master›s degree are differentiated into applied and research with an appropriate training period of 1 or 2 years. Scientific and practical significance. The paper presents a new approach to the creation and implementation of educational programs of higher education in the field of jurisprudence. The presented conclusions and suggestions can be used by educational organizations of higher education during the development of new educational programs of basic and specialized levels of higher education.

Professional moral deformation of lawyers as a threat to public safety: new challenges for the education system

The subject of this study is the problems of professional moral deformation of lawyers, acting as a threat to public safety. The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors influencing the occurrence and development of this negative phenomenon, and ways to minimize them. In the course of the study, an analysis of points of view regarding the moral character of a lawyer was carried out, and the main positive qualities that he should possess were identified. The high social significance of the legal profession has been established, since in fact its implementation takes place according to the "man-man" model. The analysis of the influence of employers on the professional moral deformation of lawyers was carried out by studying the information field and vacancies of the well-known aggregator "Head Hunter" and revealed the significant impact of the labor market on the negative phenomenon under consideration. The methodology of the research consists in the application of methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization, formal legal, dialectical and other methods. Digital services such as Wordstat were used to implement these methods. The author also used such information sources as Yandex and Head Hunter. The study follows the principles of logic and structuring. The scientific novelty of this study is to highlight the actual problems of professional moral deformation of lawyers as a threat to public safety. Practical recommendations have been accumulated regarding the improvement of the legal education system. In particular, it is recommended that the university conduct mandatory career guidance for applicants, since it is extremely important to determine the motivation of an applicant to enroll in the Law School. It is necessary to introduce the discipline "Fundamentals of professional ethics of a lawyer" into the educational program for the training of lawyers. It was revealed that only 35% of the universities studied have such a discipline. It is also required to approve the professional standard "Lawyer". It seems necessary to improve the Draft Order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation "On the approval of the professional standard "Lawyer" in terms of the moral and ethical component and psychological stability of lawyers. It is also recommended to introduce psychological trainings at the university level. Leading psychologists have developed various correctional and developmental programs that are aimed at reducing the level of aggression and contribute to the stability of the individual to professional deformations. This list of recommendations is not exhaustive.

VALUE EDUCATION IN LAW SCHOOL CURRICULUM : CULTIVATING MORAL AUTONOMY

According to the EU Justice Scoreboard reports, over 70% of Croatian citizens are dissatisfied with the Croatian judiciary, particularly its independence and efficiency. This paper addresses the deep-rooted challenges in the country’s legal education system. Despite reform initiatives, the current system serially produces ‘legal technicians’ lacking values, critical thinking capacity, and active student engagement. This echoes Montesquieu’s depiction of legal practitioners as ‘mouths that pronounce the words of the law.’ Acknowledging the pivotal role of legal education methodology in the creation of future legal practitioners and legal culture, this contribution explores how an average regular educator can support the development of students’ moral reasoning and values awareness. Through predominantly analytical research methods, we critically examine whether higher education environments should incorporate value education, the feasibility of teaching values in the traditional sense, and the potential of ethical analysis in a classroom to truly influence ethical behaviour in practice. Furthermore, we explore the complex matter of authority to decide on values to be imparted and delve into value education methodology. Concluding with practical suggestions, we propose the integration of the Evocation-Realization of meaning-Reflection (ERR) framework into lectures, as well as various creative tools to enhance moral reasoning.

Організаційно-педагогічні умови підготовки майбутніх викладачів права до роботи в умовах змішаного навчання

The modern development of the educational process, marked by the rapid integration of innovative technologies and blended learning forms, presents an essential challenge to the higher legal education system: the preparation of future teachers capable of working effectively in a blended learning environment. Blended learning, combining the advantages of traditional classroom teaching with the possibilities of distance education, becomes crucial for adapting the educational process to the individual characteristics and needs of students, meeting the modern requirements for flexibility and accessibility of learning. This article conducts a thorough analysis of the key organizational and pedagogical conditions necessary for the successful implementation of blended learning in legal education, emphasizing the importance of integrating the latest educational technologies and methodologies. Significant attention is paid to the need to transform the role of the teacher, which requires a shift from the traditional model of knowledge delivery to active mentorship, management of educational activities, and organization of interactive, individualized learning. The aspects of technological support, development of professional competencies of teachers, individualization of the learning process, and the involvement of external experts to expand and deepen the educational content are discussed as crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of the educational process. The authors propose a comprehensively justified approach to implementing blended learning, considering the challenges and specifics of legal education, aiming to prepare a new generation of legal specialists capable of adapting and acting effectively in a complex and changing legal environment. The conclusions underline the critical importance of comprehensively considering the requirements of the modern educational environment, providing technological support, continuous professional development of teachers, and involving students in active participation in the learning process. These measures collectively contribute to the successful implementation of blended learning and the readiness of graduates for highly effective work in the contemporary legal environment, ensuring the quality and relevance of legal education at a new stage of its development.

Missing the Wood for the Trees: How Indian Legal Education Fails to Deliver the Professional Lawyer?

In this work, we compare the Indian and American legal education systems, to argue that the former lacks the toolkit to impart professionalism among its graduates. ‘Professionalism’ in American literature means the internalization of legal skills along with values of public service. The formation of these cognitive attributes through law school and formative years is known as ‘professional identity formation’. We refer to the American discourse of professionalism and argue that Indian legal education should switch to the American Bar Association output-based model, thereby creating a clear goal but flexible pathways, allowing for faculty-led innovation in courses, curricula and pedagogy. We also underline other aspects of Indian legal education like faculty shortages and barriers between academia and profession as causative factors preventing the growth of professionalism in law graduates, which may eventually disadvantage them in the global workplace. We call for reform and discourse of the basic attitudes of the Bar Council of India and the legal educators.

PEDAGOGICAL PREVENTION OF PSYCHOSOMATIC DEFORMATIONS OF STUDENTS’ LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS THROUGH VIRTUAL REALITY TECHNOLOGIES

Purpose. To substantiate the effectiveness of the use of virtual reality technologies in the system of legal education for pedagogical prevention and prevention of destructive psychosomatic deformations of students’ legal consciousness.
 Methodology. In the present study, a set of complementary methodological strategies was used, which made it possible to carry out an interdisciplinary synthesis of the problems of psychosomatic deformation of the legal consciousness of the individual.
 The method of theoretical analysis and generalization of the results of previous research in the fields of law, psychology and information technology was the basis for the conceptualization of the phenomenon under consideration.
 The application of a systematic approach provided a comprehensive consideration of the problem, taking into account the mutual influence of psychological, legal and technological determinants of the deformation of legal consciousness.
 The modeling method made it possible to develop a theoretical model of using virtual reality to prevent distortions of the structure of the legal consciousness of the individual.
 The section «Materials and methods» analyzes the concept of somatic rights as a theoretical and methodological basis for the study of the problem of psychosomatic deformation of legal consciousness. The views of various scientists on the nature and classification of somatic rights are considered, an interdisciplinary approach is applied that integrates the methodology of jurisprudence, psychology and information technology.
 Results. The section «Results» demonstrates the dangers of psychosomatic deformation of legal consciousness for personal and social development, justifies the need to develop new strategies for pedagogical prevention using the capabilities of virtual reality. Specific recommendations are formulated to minimize the risks of destructive transformation of legal consciousness through metaverse technologies.
 The article analyzes the causes and specifics of the manifestation of psychosomatic deformations of legal consciousness based on the theory of somatic rights. The essence of virtual reality technologies is revealed in relation to the tasks of optimizing the legal socialization of the individual. Methodological recommendations are formulated on the use of virtual reality tools to prevent destructive transformations of an individual’s legal consciousness.
 Practical implications. The Discussion section analyzes the prospects of using metaverses to model legal situations, form a humanistically oriented type of legal awareness, implement the principle of somatic rights in a virtual environment, and substantiates the potential of VR technologies to optimize the processes of legal socialization of the individual.
 The integrated use of virtual reality technologies in the legal education system will allow for effective pedagogical prevention and correction of psychosomatically caused deformations in the legal consciousness of students.
 In conclusion, the main conclusions regarding the possibilities of using metaverses for the prevention and correction of psychosomatically conditioned deformations of the structure of the legal consciousness of the individual are summarized. Promising directions for further research in this area are determined.

​​LEVERAGING TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE ACCESS TO QUALITY LEGAL EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA​

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of technology in enhancing access to quality legal education in Malaysia. The research focused on identifying the challenges and opportunities presented by the adoption of technology in law schools, as well as exploring the impact of technology on the quality of legal education and the legal profession in Malaysia. The study utilized a mixed-methods approach, including both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. The findings of the study showed that the adoption of technology in law schools has been limited, with many institutions facing challenges such as lack of funding and infrastructure, and lack of faculty training and support. However, the study also identified a number of opportunities for the use of technology in law schools, including the potential for online learning, virtual simulations, and the use of case management software. Overall, the study found that technology has the potential to significantly enhance access to quality legal education in Malaysia, but its adoption and implementation require careful planning and consideration of the unique challenges and opportunities presented by the legal education system in Malaysia. In conclusion, the study recommends that law schools in Malaysia invest in the development of technological infrastructure and resources, as well as provide training and support for faculty to effectively integrate technology into the classroom and legal profession.

Integrating Artificial Intelligence Into Legal Education In Nigeria: Navigating The New Frontier For The Judicial System

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution made it essential to incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) into a number of areas, including the domain of legal education. This chapter offers a thorough analysis of the potential and difficulties linked to the incorporation of artificial intelligence into Nigeria's legal education system. Using qualitative techniques, the study explores how artificial intelligence (AI) might improve the teaching methods and professional skills of law students in order to prepare them for a future where technology plays a significant role. The paper highlights the disparity between existing curricular frameworks and the changing requirements of legal practice in a global context affected by artificial intelligence. Based on the combination of legal teaching methods and technological progress, the paper recommends a systematic approach to improving the curriculum, developing faculty, and enhancing infrastructure in order to promote AI literacy in legal education. The scope of the study, although centred on Nigeria, provides insights that can be applied globally. However, it recognises the constraints imposed by limited infrastructure and resource availability. The study's assertions are backed by a thorough examination of existing research, which highlights the importance of reform. The paper concludes by providing policy recommendations that serve as the basis for future academic investigations. It identifies specific topics for further research in order to match legal education with the advancing role of artificial intelligence (AI).