Lectotype Specimen Research Articles

Lectotype designation for Stromatoporella subvesiculosum (Lecompte, 1951) (Stromatoporoidea)

Based on the lectotype specimen herein selected, Clathrodictyon amygdaloides subvesiculosum Lecompte is raised to species status and assigned to Stromatoporella. In Clathrodictyon amygdaloides subvesiculosum (1951, p. 143, PL 18, figs. 3, 3a, 3b), Lecompte thought that he had a specimen replicated by heteromorphic coenosteal lenses (“Les lentilles hétéromorphes”). Examination of his original slides in the collections of the Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique reveals that the specimen consists of overgrowths of several laminar coenostea demarcated by eroded coenosteal surfaces and, in places, intercalated matrix sediment (vertical sections). The coenostea belong to two different genera: Actinostroma, as indicated by its Y-shaped pillars and laminae composed of a transversely fibrous microfabric, and Stromatoporella, as demonstrated by the presence of ring-pillars and ordinocellular laminae.

Preservation of cytoplasmic ultrastructure in dried herbarium specimens: the lectotype of Pilinia rimosa (Phaeophyta, formerly Chlorophyta)

Abstract On an ultrastructural examination of 150-year-old dried lectotype specimens of Pilinia rimosa Kutzing, many major organelles were found to be preserved in the cells, including plasmodesmata, nuclei, chloroplasts including eyespot granules, mitochondria, dictyosomes, flagella and adhesion vesicles. Membranes always appeared in negative image. Microtubules, pyrenoids and endoplasmic reticulum were not seen. A green alga, diatoms and cyanobacteria also present in the specimen were similarly preserved, with pyrenoids well differentiated in the green alga and diatoms. The recent transfer of Pilinia rimosa to the Phaeophyta is confirmed on the basis of plasmodesmatal, chloroplastic and mitochondrial structure. Reproductive structures previously thought to be plurilocular sporangia have instead many of the characteristics of unilocular sporangia. Taxonomic treatments of algae based on cytoplasmic ultrastructural features may make more and better use of herbarium materials than previously envisaged.

Notes on Echinodorus (Alismataceae)

Errors by Rataj in lecto- and neotypification of five names inEchinodorus are corrected. These errors include the selection of lectotype specimens that were not cited in the protologue and the designation of neotypes from syntypes. Lectotypes for four of the names are designated here. The other is not typified at this time, as we have as yet been unable to examine the cited collections. In addition, a lectotype is designated for the Linnaean nameAlisma cordifolia, a name for which Rataj did not choose a lectotype. A new species,Echinodorus reticulatus, is described and illustrated. Five new combinations at the subspecies level are proposed, with most of these subspecies having a distribution from Central America to Paraguay and Argentina.

A taxonomic reassessment ofLithophyllum(Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) based on studies of R. A. Philippi's original collections

Critical studies of the original collections upon which Lithophyllum Philippi (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) is based have revealed that only two of the four species included in the initial presentation conform to any modern concept of the genus. Early concepts of Lithophyllum based on characters associated with external morphology have given way to more modern concepts based on anatomical features, and since 1943 at least six different concepts have been employed. Of the four species originally included in the genus, Philippi's specimens of L. decussatum Philippi are too fragmentary to allow for any firm determination, while lectotype material of L. expansum Philippi is considered conspecific with Mesophyllum lichenoides (Ellis) Lemoine. The lectotype collection of Lithophyllum incrustans Philippi (which also is the generitype specimen of Lithophyllum) and the lectotype specimen of L. lichenoides Philippi conform to some modern concepts of Lithophyllum but not to others. Based on detailed morphological-anatomical studies of Philippi's collections, the six modern concepts of Lithophyllum are reassessed in relation to a series of hypotheses concerning thallus ontogeny and hypothallial attributes, but no single concept can be supported unequivocally based on the evidence available currently. Relevant historical data on the genus and on the various species studied also are presented.

Studies onMetamastophora(Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). II. Systematics and distribution

A monographic revision of the Metamastophora (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) based on inductive and taxometric analyses of data obtained from all relevant type collections and over 500 other specimens has led to the conclusion that the genus is monotypic. Critical assessments of over 60 morphological/anatomical characters including those used previously for diagnostic purposes has failed to reveal any basis upon which taxa can be delineated reliably within the genus. Several taxa hitherto recognized as distinct species represent monstrosities in which the deformities are induced by the presence of particular invertebrates. The generic description is emended to take account of newly obtained data; lectotype specimens are designated; and all pertinent taxonomic and nomenclatural information is summarized. Metamastophora occurs definitely only in southern Australia and southern Africa; other records are doubtful and almost certainly are based on misidentifications. The genus is assigned to the subfamily Lithophy...

Primary Insect Types in the Illinois Natural History Survey Collection, Exclusive of the Collembola and Thysanoptera

In 1927 T. H. Frison published a list of all the insect types in the collections of the Illinois Natural History Survey and the University of Illinois and the Bolter collection. This list contained 1,067 primary types. Type-specimens in the University of Illinois have subsequently been transferred to the collection of the Illinois Natural History Survey. In the past 50 years 2,113 primary types have been added to the Survey's collection, primarily through the systematic research of T. H. Frison in Plecoptera and Hymenoptera; H. H. Ross in Trichoptera, Plecoptera, Homoptera, and Hymenoptera; H. B. Mills in Collembola; and L. J. Stannard, Jr., in Thysanoptera. The acquisitions of the personal collections of J. W. Folsom in Collembola and C. A. Robertson in Hymenoptera added numerous primary types to the Survey's collections. In addition, several active workers have periodically, or occasionally, deposited their types in the Survey's permanent collection upon completion of specific revisionary studies. Recently, Gerdes (1977) and Mari Mutt (1978) have published lists of all of the types of Thysanoptera and Collembola, respectively, in the Natural History Survey collection.
 In this list only primary types currently located in or on loan from the Illinois Natural History Survey collection are listed along with the original citation for each species. The literature citation for the designation of ach neotype and lectotype is also cited. To clarify the type designation within the bees of the Robertson collection, lectotype specimens have been designated by W. E. LaBerge for those species not previously designated in the literature. The genera under which the species are listed are those under which they were originally described. Where possible the sex of each type is given. The term syntype is used in the sense of Article 73c of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1964) and replaces the term cotype used by Frison (1927).
 For simplicity, the within each order alphabetically, the genera are arranged alphabetically within each family, and the species are arranged alphabetically within each genus.

The species of Hymenoptera described by Linnaeus in the genera Sphex, Chrysis, Vespa, Apis and Mutilla

Data are presented on the type-material representing the species described by Linnaeus in his genera Sphex, Chrysis, Vespa, Apis and Mutilla, The names here considered total 158; six are currently applied in the Hymenoptera Parasitica. Of the balance of 147, three are emendations and five are unavailable homonyms or names proposed in the synonymy of other species. Fifteen Linnaean names are here placed as synonyms. One name is attributed to an author other than Linnaeus, and live names remain species incertae sedis. The remainder, 118, are applied as valid names in die Hymenoptera Aculeata. Holotype specimens in London, Uppsala or Stockholm represent 60 names; 55 names are based on lectotype specimens of which 49 are here designated, two by other authors. One name is represented by a neotype specimen in Lund, and one by a lectotype figure. One non-aculeate species is based on syntypes. Specimens appear to be lost with respect to 25 names; three specimens in Uppsala may be the holotypes of a further three species. Eight new combinations are made, and twelve new synonyms established; three further new combinations and three further new synonymies are suggested. A systematically arranged summary of species treated and of nomenclatural changes made is given. Nomenclatural changes affecting non-Linnaean names are included where relevant; lectotypes are designated for two non-Linnaean species.

A NOTE ON PODOCONIS MEGASPERMA BOEDIJN

The lectotype specimen of Podoeonis megasperma is selected and this species is reclassified as Exosporium megaspermum (Boedijn) Rifai, a newly proposed combination.An illustrated redescription is presented.

日本産ゴキブリ分類ノート VI : "Phyllodromia japonica" の正体

In 1907 Shelford described "Phyllodromia japonica" from "Riou-Kiou, Oshima, Japan." He soon transferred it to the genus Liosilpha, but it had remained neglected until Princis included it in the genus Shelfordina in his Blattariae Catalogus (1969). In 1973 I had an opportunity to examine the type specimens (2 ♀♀) in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, and found them to be a Symploce species which was the same with "Ischnoptera testacea (Shiraki, 1908)" known from Kyushu, Japan. In the present paper, the synonymies were clarified and a description was given for both the sexes, as the male insect has never been described. I took this opportunity to designate the Lectotype specimen to be one of the females in the Paris Museum, the right side one in Fig. 1. For the Allotype specimen I selected a male individual taken by Mr. S. Tachikawa at Yuwandake, Amami-oshima in the Ryukyus. (Fig. 2) The distributional range of this species hitherto known covers Amami-oshima, Takarajima, Tenagashima and Kyushu (Kumamoto, Unzen, Amakusa, Nagasaki). Specimens from Takarajima have a more rounded supra-anal plate in the male insect (Fig. 14). It is interesting to note that this species is most closely allied to Symploce okinoerabuensis Asahina (1974), a cavernicolous species found from Okinoerabu Island situated to the south of A-mami Island.

CONIDIOGENESIS IN CERATOCYSTIS ULMI, CERATOCYSTIS PICEAE, AND GRAPHIUM PENICILLIOIDES

Conidiogenous cells of both the synnematous and mononematous conidiophores in Ceratocystis ulmi and C. piceae develop by sympodial proliferation. Holoblastic conidia are produced on nodules or short denticles from the synnematous conidiogenous cells and on well‐defined denticles from the mononematous conidiogenous cells. Graphium penicillioides is characterized by percurrent proliferation of the conidiogenous cells and the conidia are holoblastic and annellidic. A comparison of the type material of G. penicillioides with the lectotype specimen of C. piceae indicates that G. penicillioides is not the conidial state of C. piceae. The method of conidial development in C. ulmi and C. piceae is distinct from that of G. penicillioides, the lectotype species of Graphium; these conidial states are, therefore, placed in a new hyphomycete genus, Pesotum, as the Pesotum state of Ceratocystis ulmi and C. piceae, respectively.

On Species, Subspecies, Varieties, and Forms of Tomentella Named and Described by Bourdot and Galzin I.

Thirteen tomentellas named and described by Bourdot and Galzin are treated. Of the thirteen names for which lectotype specimens are selected, six are relegated to synonymy. Tomentella umbrinella is...

WHY THE CONTROVERSY OVER THE TYPE OF CRISTELLA PAT.?

Although Cristella Patouillard is of taxonomic interest only to the mycologist, the typification of the name is of general nomenclatural interest. It bears on a longstanding controversy (cf. i.a. Bullock & Hunt 1966, Donk 1952, Furtado 1964, Moore 1966, Weresub 1967) on whether a generic name is typified by the designated species referred to by name (and its name applied in accordance with its type specimen) or by the material the author had before him when he described the new genus. Much has already been written about Cristella and its typification by e.g. Rogers (1944), Donk (1952, 1957 a & b) and Liberta (1966). But some of the information which seems to me pertinent to the decision made by Dr. Donk remains unpublished. It is presented here. In Les Hymenomycetes d'Europe, along with a number of previously known and other new genera under the 'Th616phor6s', Patouillard (1887 a: 151) published Cristella with a description which closed with the statement: 'Espices principales: Crist. cristata, etc.'. All are agreed that Crist. cristata must be taken as holotype, but a controversy centres on its identity. There would have been no controversy if Cristella had been published in isolation. It would have been taken as a monotypic genus proposed for a new species, and the description a generico-specific one. Cristella Pat. would be nomenclaturally typified by 'C. cristata Pat.' and a lectotype specimen would have been chosen from Patouillard's material to typify the name of the species. In Herb. Pat. at FH, three collections are pinned to sheet no. 1803 (Fig. 1) which is labelled Cristella cristata. Both lower specimens are dated too late (1910 at the left, 1897 at the right) to have been involved in the 1887 publication of the genus. Of the three, only the upper, which is undated, could possibly have been available to Patouillard (1887 a: 151) when he wrote: 'Champignons coriaces, sub6reux, fibreux, rameux, incrustants, difformes; basides ia quatre sterigmates; spores ovoYdes, subglobuleuses, blanches ou piles, muriquees. / Plantes terrestres. / Especes principales: Crist. cristata, etc.' Whether or not this collection (Fig. 2) actually was in Patouillard's hands when he described Cristella we cannot be sure. But certainly his description of the gross appearance could well apply to these clavarioid fruit-bodies, particularly his calling it a genus for 'terrestrial plants', a term he used most commonly though not exclusively for the erect fructifications of agarics, stipitate hydnums, thelephoras and clavarias. My microscopic examination of the material yielded no mature spores except for what are certainly extraneous ones in several specimens (e.g. Fig. 3, 4), among them (Fig. 6) some hyaline and describable as muricate, as well as light brown aculeate thelephoroid spores which could account for the 'pales' of the description. If we could accept Cristella cristata as a new Patouillard species typifying Cristella Pat., its name would be, as Cooke (1943: 288) has pointed out, 'based on a Clavaria-like fungus' (Clavaria-like at least in gross appearance) plus extraneous spores. And of this material in what would be taken as the type packet, at least

Studies on Southeast Asian Haemaphysalis Ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). Redescription, Hosts, and Distribution of H. traguli Oudemans. The Larva and Nymph of H. vidua W. and N. Identity of H. papuana toxopei Warburton (New Combination)

Results of study of the type material of Haemaphysalis traguli Oudemans, 1928, and of H. monospinosa Krijgsman and Ponto, 1932, indicate that these are the same species and that specimens used for each original description were from the same collection (from Berhala Island, Indonesia). Other samples have also been studied and each sex and developmental stage is illustrated and redescribed. H. traguli is a highly specialized species related to H. pentalagi Pospelova-Shtrom, a parasite of the black rabbit of Liukiu Island, Japan. Each developmental stage of H. traguli is host specific on the lesser and larger mouse deer, or Malay chevrotain, Tragulus javanicus and T. napu, in Indonesia, Borneo, the Malaya peninsula, Thailand, and Burma. In addition, larvae and nymphs of H. vidua Warburton and Nuttall, 1909, are described for the first time; these, collected from a Malay civet, Viverra tangalunga, represent the first record of this tick from Borneo. H. papuana toxopei Warburton, 1927 (new combination), an Indonesian parasite that was previously inadequately described, is redescribed and illustrated from the lectotype and paralectotype specimens. Haemaphysalis traguli was briefly described by Oudemans (1928). Its identity and species relationships have been difficult to determine. Through the courtesy of Dr. L. van der Hammen, Curator of Invertebrates, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, the type material has been restudied. H. monospinosa was described from a single male by Krijgsman and Ponto (1932). Through the kindness of Mr. W. H. Howell, Jr., formerly of the American Embassy, Djakarta, and Mr. S. Adisoemarto, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (formerly the Buitenzorg Museum), it has been possible to examine the holotype specimen of H. monospinosa. Received for publication 31 August 1964. * From Research Project MR005.09-1402.3, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the author and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. Labels with both lots mentioned above indicate that these specimens were originally part of a single collection. One male, which became the holotype of H. monospinosa, was retained at the Buitenzorg Museum while the remainder of the collection was sent to the Leiden Museum, where Oudemans described it as H. traguli. These specimens were all taken from a mouse deer or lesser Malay chevrotain, Tragulus javanicus (= Kanchil) subsp. (Artiodactyla, Tragulidae), Berhala Island (Riau Archipelago, east of Sumatra), Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia), 8 August 1927, by Mr. van der Meer Mohr. A Malayan specimen sent to the writer by Professor John Hendrikson, formerly of the University of Malaya at Kuala Lumpur, spurred the need to determine the relationship between H. traguli and H. monospinosa. Mr. Glen Kohls, Colonel Robert Traub, USA, Captain R. E. Kuntz, USN, and Mr. M. Nadchatram have provided additional collections of H. traguli from Malaya and Borneo for compara-