Historical Scholarship Research Articles

К вопросу о роли М.В. Ломоносова в становлении отечественной исторической науки: гениальные прозрения начальной истории Руси

Russian historical scholarship boasts numerous luminaries, among whom M.V. Lomonosov occupies a distinguished position. A polymath of unparalleled erudition, Lomonosov’s expertise in historical sources propelled him to confront pivotal historiographical inquiries, setting the stage for profound intellectual debates that have reverberated through the centuries. Central to his legacy is the seminal discourse on the early history of Rus, which not only challenged prevailing interpretations but also laid the foundation for subsequent scholarly endeavors. M.V. Lomonosov’s seminal insights into the early history of Rus sparked a centuries-long discourse in Russian historical scholarship. His meticulous examination of historical sources and astute analysis prompted a paradigm shift in the interpretation of Russia’s formative years. In particular, Lomonosov’s interrogation of the origins of the Russian state catalyzed intellectual debates between proponents of Normanist and anti-Normanist theories, fundamentally reshaping the contours of Russian historiography. Moreover, he managed to quell the excitement over the ideas of G. Bayer and G. Miller, which were beginning to engulf the nascent Russian historical science. In conclusion, M.V. Lomonosov’s indelible imprint on Russian historical science is undeniable. His groundbreaking contributions, particularly in elucidating the early history of Rus, have left an enduring legacy that continues to shape scholarly inquiry. By challenging prevailing narratives and advancing novel interpretations, Lomonosov laid the groundwork for subsequent generations of historians to delve deeper into the complexities of Russia’s historical trajectory. As such, his intellectual oeuvre remains an indispensable cornerstone of Russian historiography, exemplifying the enduring power of critical inquiry and scholarly rigor in advancing our understanding of the past.

Development of Muara Takus Temple Augmented Reality as a History Learning Media to Improve Reading Skills in Historical Sources

Development of Muara Takus Temple Augmented Reality as a History Learning Media to Improve Reading Skills in Historical Sources

‘Mike, Bob, Bill, Jim, Thom’: queer communal life and poetic form in Thom Gunn’s ‘Jack Straw’s Castle’

ABSTRACT This article establishes a relationship between Thom Gunn’s experience of queer domestic space and his use of poetic form through a close analysis of ‘Jack Straw’s Castle’. Drawing on queer historical scholarship, I outline the context of queer communal dwelling in the United States that led to Gunn’s Cole Street residence. Through a close reading of his letters, I set out the ways in which Gunn was invested in remodelling the heteronormative household model. Drawing on literary spatial theorists such as Bachelard, I argue that the form of ‘Jack Straw’s Castle’ is answerable to the domestic space in which it was written. I conclude that the poem formally absorbs and refracts the queerness of the mode of dwelling that engendered it.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CHARACTER EDUCATION IN HISTORY LEARNING IN HIGH SCHOOL

Character education in schools, both formal and non-formal, especially inMadrasas, is considered important. However, its implementation has not been fullyrealized in the field. The aim of this research is to determine the application ofcharacter education in history learning. This research uses a qualitative methodwith a descriptive approach, the data collection techniques used by researchers inthis research are observation, and documentation. Data analysis techniques usingdomain data analysis. The research results show that character education has beenimplemented by history teachers. The implementation of character education inhistory learning at school aims to shape student character. Among the character values listed include love for Allah SWT, discipline, mutualcooperation.

Potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) as Supplementary Tools for Historical Learning: Users’ Interaction and Knowledge Acquisition

This study explores the strengths and limits of large language models (LLMs) in exploring the information on history, an area unexplored in the existing literature. ChatGPT and Gemini, as LLMs, have demonstrated superior performance in education, healthcare, and business. This study proposes utilizing the ChatGPT (ver. 3.5) and Gemini applications to acquire information on historical figures like Sher Shah Suri and Mughal Emperors and Sikhs in the subcontinent. To evaluate the proposed study, this study used two data sets: the first data set comprised a set of questions (n = 26) and the second data set contained questions (n = 35). The results indicate that ChatGPT provides concise answers to the questions of both datasets compared to the Gemini application. However, Gemini exhibited a higher accuracy (92.30%) than ChatGPT with accuracy (76.92%) for dataset 1. For the dataset 2, ChatGPT showed better accuracy (68.57%) than Gemini with accuracy (65.71%). Further research could expand on this study by employing additional artificial intelligence (AI) tools on large-scale datasets from diverse domains.

Promoting historical empathy with a local history research project about the pandemic

PurposeWe examined how high school students demonstrated historical empathy through conducting local history place-based research to create an exhibit and companion book about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their community. The majority of existing historical empathy scholarship focuses on classroom-based inquiry of historical events, people and time periods. We contend that broader examination of how historical empathy can be promoted beyond school-based instruction can contribute to the field by examining how student analyses of historical contexts and perspectives, and making affective connections to historical topics of study are needed when engaging in placed-based local history projects.Design/methodology/approachQualitative case study methodology was implemented for this study. A Likert-scale survey with a questionnaire was distributed to 30 high school study participants. Thirteen students gave follow-up interviews. Students’ responses on the surveys, interviews and questionnaires were organized into three categories that aligned to the theoretical framework – identification of historical contexts of the sources that students collected, analysis of how contexts shaped the perspectives expressed in the collected sources and expression of reasoned connections between the students’ emotions and experiences during the pandemic. A rubric was used to examine how students’ writing samples and reflections reflected demonstration of historical empathy.FindingsStudents responded that their local history research about the pandemic contributed to their displays of historical empathy. Students displayed weaker evidence of historical empathy while examining archival resources to explain the historical contexts of the pandemic. Student demonstration of historical empathy was stronger when analyzing community-sourced documents for perspectives and making reasoned affective connections to what they learned about the historical significance of the pandemic. The place-based aspects of this project were strongly connected to the students’ engagement in historical empathy because the sources they analyzed were relevant to their experiences and identities as citizens in their community.Originality/valueDocumenting the diverse human experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial to preserving the history of this extraordinary time. Every person around the globe experienced the pandemic differently, hence riding out the same storm in different boats. At some point, the pandemic will appear in historical narratives of the social studies curriculum. Therefore, now is an opportune time to ascertain whether place-based local history research about the contexts, perspectives and experiences of community members and children themselves, during the pandemic can foster historical empathy.

Introduction: minorities and gender in contested urban spaces special issue

ABSTRACT While studies on urban minorities have interested scholars in history, sociology, ethnography and geography for a full century, ‘minorities within minorities’ are more often than not absent. Gendered groups within ethnic or religious minorities in the modern metropolis experienced doubled- or even tripled marginalisation in the urban landscape. This introduction provides an overview of the scholarly work that has been done on ethnic/religious and gendered minorities in the modern era (1750-1950). It points out the strengths and promises of the current field, but more importantly, shows that due to lack of traditional sources, the field needs to push methodological boundaries and find new ways to bring back these voices into scholarly research. Mediating on some possible avenues, the introduction introduces the three articles and how the push the field forwards.

Ethical Empowerment: Integrating Malay Local Wisdom with VCT to Fortify Students' Moral Character in History Learning

As juvenile delinquency rates rise in Indonesia, addressing the underlying moral degradation among adolescents becomes crucial. This study investigates the integration of Tanjak Melayu's local wisdom with Value Clarification Technique (VCT) in history education as a strategy for moral character enhancement in students. Using a qualitative ethnographic approach, data was collected through observation, interviews, document reviews, and validity tests, with data analysis performed via triangulation. The study identifies key values of Tanjak Melayu—dignity, politeness, and attractiveness—that can be effectively incorporated into history lessons using VCT. This integration shows a positive impact on student's moral character, providing not only knowledge but also facilitating practical learning tasks. The incorporation of Tanjak Melayu values into educational settings via VCT not only preserves cultural heritage but also actively promotes moral virtues among students. The findings suggest that VCT can be a dynamic tool in moral education, enhancing student engagement and ethical development. This study underscores the potential of culturally integrated education technologies in addressing adolescent behavioral issues. By embedding local cultural values into the curriculum, educational institutions can play a pivotal role in shaping the moral landscape of the next generation. This approach offers a scalable model for similar interventions across diverse educational contexts, aiming to curb juvenile delinquency through enhanced character education. The successful integration of Tanjak Melayu values into history education via VCT demonstrates a viable path towards improving the moral character of students, suggesting that similar cultural and technological adaptations in educational curricula could be beneficial on a broader scale.

Meningkatkan Kesadaran Budaya Dalam Pendekatan CRT (Culturally Responsive Teaching) Pada Pembelajaran Sejarah Di Kelas X 1 SMA Negeri 1 Medan Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024

This research aims to increase cultural awareness in class X 1 students at SMA Negeri 1 Medan through a culturally responsive teaching approach to history learning material. This research uses Classroom Action Research (PTK) with several stages including: planning, action or implementation, observation and reflection. The subjects of this research were 23 class X 1 students at SMA Negeri 1 Medan using quantitative data analysis. The research results showed that cycle I provided an explanation of local history material to students. In applying local history material, students ask questions about the material so that it fosters students' curiosity. Cycle II provides exposure to local historical material as well as carrying out vlog assignments to visit historical buildings to increase cultural awareness. From the results obtained, 43.5% of students gave their cultural awareness a slight increase while 56.5% of students gave the answer that their cultural awareness increased slightly.

Meningkatkan Minat dan Keaktifan Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Pelajaran Sejarah Melalui Penerapan Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dengan Media Teka-Teki Silang di Kelas X-12 SMA Negeri 3 Medan

This research aims to increase students' active learning in the subject of History through the implementation of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning using crossword puzzles in class X-12 at SMA Negeri 3 Medan. The method used in this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a target of 36 students. The indicators used in this research are the teacher's ability to use and apply research media and methods, as well as the results after implementing learning using crossword puzzles. Meanwhile, the techniques used for data collection are observation techniques based on observations, questionnaires and documentation techniques. The results of this research show that in cycle 1, students' learning interest and activeness tend to be low/low due to conventional learning strategies, where students' learning interest shows a percentage of 69.72%. Meanwhile, in cycle 2, students' interest in learning history increased to 81.38%. In this case, students' interest in learning history lessons increased by 11.66%. The application of Crossword Puzzle media in History learning through the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model can provide good stimulation and stimulus to increase students' learning activity such as listening activity, writing activity, movement activity and emotional activity. The formation of groups or teams in this game encourages activeness to be able to work together quickly because they have to compete with other groups.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Learning Tipe STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sejarah Peserta Didik di kelas X-5 di SMA Negeri 3 Medan

This research is classroom action research which aims to improve or improve history learning practices that have previously been carried out in the classroom through the application of the STAD (Student Team Achievement Division) type cooperative learning model to improve history learning outcomes. The subjects of this research were students in class X-5 at SMA Negeri 3 Medan with a total of 36 students. The indicators examined in this research are students' history learning outcomes. Based on the pre-cycle results, it is known that student learning completion reached 47.2% with 17 students completing the study with an average score of 61.94. After using the STAD cooperative learning model in cycle I, student learning completion reached 72.2% with 26 students completing and the average student score was 72.36. Based on the research results, it is known that student learning mastery has increased, but has not yet met the research success indicator, namely 75%, therefore a cycle II is needed. The results of research in cycle II showed that the class average reached 85.13 and the completion rate reached 83.3% with 30 students completing. The results of the second cycle of research have met the research success indicators, namely the score obtained is more than ? 80 with a learning completeness level reaching ? 75%. So it can be concluded that learning history using the Cooperative Learning STAD technique learning model can improve student history learning outcomes in class X-5 SMA Negeri 3 Medan.

The Utilization of Audio-Visual Learning Media in Learning Islamic Cultural History for Grade 10 High School Students

Education in Indonesia has always adapted well to keep up with increasingly advanced and developing times, one of which is the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum which aims to improve the quality of student learning through school innovation design. Therefore, this research was initiated to evaluate and identify the effectiveness of school innovation efforts in teaching the History of Islamic Culture to grade 10 high school students through audio-visual learning media. This research uses descriptive qualitative data analysis. The research subjects were students in class 10.3 of SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Surakarta. Data was collected through interviews, field observations, and posttest results conducted over 4 weeks. The results of the research show that the use of audio-visual learning media in learning the History of Islamic Culture for grade 10 students is proven to be able to achieve learning objectives well. This is proven by the post-test answers which show 84% of students answered 10 questions perfectly. The conclusion is that audio-visual learning media is effective in supporting the learning of Islamic Cultural History

The Cultural Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on History of Learning the Liver When Comparing with Western Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as an esoteric and mystical entity, an entity of philosophy, or even an unscientific entity when compared with western medicine. Since TCM has a 5,000 plus year history and is coexisting with modern medicine in China, it is difficult to simply conclude what the cultural characteristics of TCM are. This work analyzed the histories of TCM and western medicine on learning the liver, then revealed the cultural characteristics and the possible development of TCM. The comparison of mythological origin, anatomic history, as well as the framework of medical theory suggest that TCM is far away from a clear-cut subject and awaits more exploration both in theory and in practice: It is a comprehensive system integrating knowledges from multiple fields from ancient China; it emphasizes theory development, with the terms and function of organ are far beyond the organ of itself; and, its basic theoretical framework evolved and has become sort of like universal rule that would not be subsequently falsified. According to the cultural characteristics of TCM, there are four possible future directions for the development of TCM and it will continue to coexist with modern medicine in China for another foreseeable long time.

Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Scramble Berbantuan Media Couple Card (CORD) terhadap Motivasi Belajar Sejarah

This research aims to determine the application of the scramble model assisted by couple card media in history learning in class X IPS MAN 2 Bireuen and to determine the learning motivation of class This researchuses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The subjects in this research were all students of class X IPS MAN 2 Bireuen, totaling 25 students. The data collection technique in this research uses observation and questionnaires. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it is known that (1) the results of observing teacher and student activities in the implementation of learning are 95.5% in the very good category. (2) Students' motivation towards the scramble model assisted by couple card media in history learning in class X IPS MAN 2 Bireuen that i 44.75% answered strongly agree, 22.5% answered agree, 13.25% answered disagree, and 19.5% answered strongly disagree with the very goodcategory. So it can be concluded that in the process of implementing the scramble model assistedby couple card media, it canincrease motivationto learn history.

PjBL-based digital history model to improve historical concept skills and historical consciousness

Digital history-based project-based learning (PjBL) in history learning is a learning medium that can provide a special attraction for students who can improve historical concept skills and historical awareness. However, there are still many teachers who have not used it, so it is very important to study it. This research aims to analyze the influence of the digital history based PJBL model in improving historical concept skills and historical awareness. The method used is quasi-experimental with two classes, experimental and control. The population used class XI high school students in Lampung, Indonesia and the sample size was 213. Cluster random sampling was used to determine sampling, while data collection was in the form of test instruments. The test instrument questions were analyzed using the gain score and Kruskal-Walli’s test to determine the increase in historical concept skills and historical awareness with the help of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 26. The research results confirmed that digital history based PjBL was effective in increasing historical concept skills and historical awareness with a high score, making it the best choice to overcome obstacles in history learning.

Materializing the public sphere in American religious history

AbstractThis article reviews scholarship in American religious history around the concept of the public sphere. Considering that the public sphere was readily aligned with the productions of the printing press, ‘materializing’ surveys works that have relied upon, expanded, and critiqued print's centraility to early American religious public culture. Recent attention to materiality has also encouraged greater attention to contingencies, locality of circulation, and specificity of audiences in our studies of public texts that would trouble technological determinisms that readily aligned Protestant ascendance, secular modernity, and print publishing with democratization. The essay concludes with new questions regarding print culture, calls for greater multimedia approaches to our study of media objects, and posits the importance of critically evaluating what we count as public or private in our historical narratives about religious communities.

Measuring functions of remembering public events: Development of a functions of collective memory questionnaire

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that people share their personal experiences with others for various purposes, such as gaining self‐understanding, socializing, and seeking solutions to current problems, among others. However, it remains unclear why people share collective experiences with others or whether they do so for reasons similar to those driving the sharing of personal experiences. In this study, we developed a questionnaire to identify and measure the motivations behind sharing collective experiences, including events like military coups, earthquakes, terrorist attacks, and more. The study involved 407 participants, spanning different age groups, from Turkey. The results reveal that (a) individuals share collective memories for reasons similar to those driving the sharing of individual memories and (b) the primary functions of collective memories include creating a collective identity, strengthening social bonds, fostering learning and understanding of past history, mitigating collective negative emotions, and guiding communities into the future.

Transformations of the Vernacular Settlements: Demographic Changes in the Villages in Kazakhstan from 1945-1955

Human settlements are an outcome of people occupying land. In the 1940s and 1950s, a pivotal era unfolded in the demographic landscape of Kazakhstani lands. his period was shaped by the policies of the Soviet government, particularly during the Second World War, which saw the mass deportation of various Soviet people, along with those captured during the war, to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Consequently, this period witnessed the establishment of numerous settlements and villages across Kazakhstan, along with an unprecedented demographic transformation within its rural population. This article delves into the demographic history of Kazakhstan's rural population from 1945 to 1955 and transformation of its landscape. The study employs a multifaceted approach, intertwining analyses of demography, social life, and migration processes prevalent during this period. Employing contemporary historical scholarship, the research investigates the nuanced interplay of various factors that shaped the demographic landscape of rural Kazakhstan during this time. It reveals a tapestry of intersecting influences that reshaped the social fabric of the region and the settlements. Through an analysis of demographic trends and migration patterns, it elucidates the profound impact of historical events and government policies on the rural people of Kazakhstan during the post-war era. By contextualizing demographic shifts within the broader socio-political frameworks, the research reveals the significance of rural population dynamics in deciphering the larger narrative of Kazakhstan's historical trajectory of human settlements.

Resurgent Religious Nationalism in India: Changing Identity and Image of Indian Tourism

ABSTRACT Historians have presented different narratives about the image of India, out of which the colonial narrative of the British period has dominated its post-independence image. One segment of history scholars believe that the ancient history of the country presents its authentic picture. Research on the tourism image of India has not been inclusive and has not considered the different perspectives of the country image. An application-oriented approach is used in the majority of the existing studies to know the perceptions of tourists about tourist-friendly image of India. However, in the last decade, research in history and political science has identified a change in the official narrative about India after 2014 and refers to this as “Religious Nationalism”. This research attempts to identify if this official narrative is percolating to the tourism image of the country. Data generated through focus groups indeed support this and identify new symbols of tourism identity and a new evolving tourism image of India.

History Education as an Effort to Internalize Civic Knowledge: A Case Study at an Islamic-Based Private Senior High School in Malang City

This research aims to understand the process and efforts of internalizing civic knowledge (wawasan kebangsaan) in history learning, identify emerging obstacles, and evaluate the implications of such internalization. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. This research data was analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s descriptive data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that: (1) the process of history learning that internalizes civic knowledge involves a series of planning, implementation, and evaluation activities; (2) teachers undergo a series of processes for internalizing civic knowledge, such as value transformation, value transaction, and trans-internalization of values; (3) obstacles and solutions for internalizing civic knowledge through history learning can be seen from the factors of the teachers themselves, the learners, and the implementation of the learning process; (4) the internalization of civic knowledge through history learning has a greater impact on national understanding compared to national pride and national attitudes.