Emilia sonchifolia is used in ethnomedicine to treat various diseases such as diarrhoea, diabetes, inflammation, cuts and wounds. This research focused on analyzing the phytochemical composition, toxicity levels, and wound healing effects of the leaf extract of Emilia sonchifolia (LEES). The phytochemical evaluation of LEES was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). During the acute toxicity test, rats were orally given a single dose of aqueous LEES up to 5 g/kg. In the subacute toxicity assessment, the rats were separated into four groups. Group 1 (normal control), and groups 2, 3, and 4 were given oral doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of ALEES. The GC–MS LEES analysis identified fifty five (55) chemical constituents, with eight bioactive compounds including limonene, D-carvone, hexadecane, tetradecane, 1-docosene, 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester, 2-piperidinone, N-[4-bromo-n-butyl]- and oleic acid. No signs of toxicity or death were observed following a single dose administration of 5 g/kg. Oral administration of ALEES led to significant reductions (p < 0.05) in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triacylglycerol levels compared to the control group. Rats administered with ALEES exhibited dose-dependent elevations (p < 0.05) in the levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were observed in the haematological indices, serum liver and renal biomarkers between the test and control groups. In wound healing studies, ALEES demonstrated higher wound contraction percentage and tensile strength in comparison to the control group. This study ultimately revealed that ALEES is non-toxic, yet contains bioactive compounds with pharmacological properties. These activities are associated with its ability to lower lipid levels, act as an antioxidant, and promote wound healing.