Leaf Ash Research Articles

Multicomponent Reactions Promoted by Ecocatalyst from Metal Hyperaccumulating Plant Pluchea sagittalis

Phytoremediation has been considered a sustainable environmental technology for heavy metals decontamination. In this work, we evaluated the metal contents by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) of three plant species collected in a mine in the Brazilian Amazonia area. Based on this analysis, Pluchea sagitallis leaves were selected to prepare metallic ecocatalysts. The leaf ashes and the obtained ecocatalysts were characterized by ICP-OES, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2-physisorption measurements. Moreover, they were evaluated in the Biginelli and Hantzsch multicomponent reactions, furnishing the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones and 1,4-dihydropyridines with good to excellent yields. The best ecocatalyst was easily recovered and recycled in up to six reactions without a significant decrease in its performance.

Exploring the Feasibility of Using Recycled PET Strips with Palm Leaf Ash for Sustainable Soil Stabilization

This research paper addresses the urgent environmental concern of waste management by focusing on sustainable consumption by utilizing waste plastic and palm leaves to stabilize soil in geotechnical engineering. The study examines the impact of incorporating recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) strips and palm leaf ash (PLA) into clayey sand to enhance its engineering properties. The investigation involved mixing varying proportions of recycled PET strips (10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm in length) with clayey sand, ranging from 0% to 2% by weight of the soil with a 0.5% increment for PET strips. Similarly, PLA was mixed with the clayey sand at proportions ranging from 0% to 12% by weight of the soil with a 3% increment. The strength parameters of lateritic soil were analyzed through the execution of unconfined compressive strength (UCS), triaxial, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The optimum mixture was determined to be 2% recycled PET strips with a length of 30 mm and 12% PLA by weight of the soil. This specific combination exhibited significantly improved strength parameters for the lateritic soil, highlighting its potential for sustainable soil stabilization in geotechnical applications.

Study on the fretting wear behaviour of AZ91/BLA MMCs and the implications that BLA has on that behaviour

The core objective of this research is to develop an eco-friendly and cost-efficient engineering material termed “green composites.” These composites utilize waste bamboo leaf ash as a reinforcing element. Incorporating bamboo leaf ash into these composites offers several advantages due to its affordability, wide availability, and the presence of essential chemical compounds such as SiO2, CaO, TiO2, Al2O3, and others. Consequently, this investigation also examines the impact of bamboo leaf ash enriched with silica (referred to as BLA) on the fretting wear behaviour of Mg/BLA green composites. To create these composites, a bottom pouring stir casting setup was employed, with varying concentrations of BLA (1 wt% and 2 wt%) and reinforcement particles sized between 50 and 75 µm. The resulting cast products underwent machining in accordance with established testing standards and were subsequently polished using emery paper. These prepared samples were then subjected to testing in a fretting wear setup, utilizing a ball-on-flat contact configuration. The worn surfaces were thoroughly examined under a microscope, and data on the coefficient of friction were collected from the machine interface. The inclusion of BLA in the green composite enhanced the load-bearing capacity of the composite. Additionally, elements like CaO present in BLA acted as self-lubricating materials, resulting in a 21% reduction in the coefficient of friction and a 22% reduction in wear loss compared to the base alloy. The analysis of worn surfaces suggested that adhesive wear followed by oxidative and abrasive wear, were the predominant wear mechanisms in these green composites. Such environmentally-friendly materials with improved wear resistance properties have potential applications in situations prone to fretting wear.

A short study on the potential use and effect of bamboo leaf ash as reinforcement in MMCs

In an effort, to find more affordable ways to produce metal matrix composites, a number of attempts have been attempted to use the waste from industry and agriculture as reinforcement. The incorporation of agro-industrial garbage as reinforcement in MMCs has gained considerable attention as it improves the composite materials' mechanical and tribological characteristics. Employing such agro-industrial leftovers in a beneficial way lowers production costs and environmental degradation. An ample amount of work has been carried out on utilizing agricultural wastes including bagasse ash, rice husk, sawdust ash, corncob ash, straw husk etc. Very limited work has been reported upon the utilization of bamboo leaf as a reinforcement and its potential for any mechanical and/or tribological applications. This study provides an overview of the literature on the usage of agricultural waste i.e.,bamboo leaf ash in MMCs. It also illustrates the production procedure and characterization of BLA-induced MMCs. The current study also discusses potential applications for BLA and its reinforced composites.

Experimental Analysis of the Strength and Microstructural Effects of Rice Husk Ash and Bamboo Leaf Ash on Cement-treated Lateritic Soil

Experimental Analysis of the Strength and Microstructural Effects of Rice Husk Ash and Bamboo Leaf Ash on Cement-treated Lateritic Soil

FLEXURAL STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF PAWPAW LEAF ASH AND BAMBOO LEAF ASH BLENDED CEMENT CONCRETE

This research focuses on flexural strength characteristics of pawpaw leaf ash and bamboo leaf ash blended cement concrete. Several tests were carried out, according to BS and ASTM requirements to determine the physical and mechanical properties of pawpaw leaf ash and bamboo leaf ash blended cement concrete, investigate the effects of curing age on flexural strength characteristics of pawpaw leaf ash and bamboo leaf ash blended cement concrete and examine the effects of percentage replacement of cement with pawpaw leaf ash and bamboo leaf ash blended cement concrete on flexural strength characteristics. A total of 60 cubes were cast, cured in water for 7, 14, 21 and 28days. Test results showed that the flexural strength of the concrete cubes increases with an increase in the curing age and decreases with increasing percentage replacement of cement with pawpaw leaf ash and bamboo leaf ash. The optimum replacement level of pawpaw leaf ash and bamboo leaf ash was obtained to be 5%. The study concluded that concrete containing the cement blends of cement and Pawpaw leaf ash and bamboo leaf ash at a replacement level of 5% is only recommendable for use in light concrete works construction.

Partial Replacement of Kosaric Medium With Banana Leaf Ash Extract for the Culture of Spirulina Platensis

The use of banana leaf ash extract (BLAE) as a replacement of Kosaric medium (KM) to grow spirulina (Spirulina platensis) was investigated. KM was partially replaced with more affordable and locally available BLAE at 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70% concentrations. The spirulina was grown for 18 days at room temperature in the experimental media with artificial lighting and aeration. By replacing KM with BLAE, the 30% replacement produced the highest biomass of S. platensis. It was observed that replacing of KM by 30% with BLAE produced biomass of 1.22 g/L, which was similar to that of 1.33 g/L with control (P <0.05). However, replacing more than 50% KM by BLAE failed to promote growth relative to the control. Moreover, chlorophyll a concentrations in the control were found comparable in up to 30% of BLAE concentrations. Protein, lipid, and fiber contents of S. platensis were found to be 57.67 ± 0.58, 11.59 ± 0.28, and 7.35 ± 0.37%, respectively, in 30% replacement of KM, compared to corresponding values of 58.02 ± 1.16, 12.25 ± 0.39, and 7.53 ± 0.32%, respectively, in control KM. At the 50% KM replacement level, these values dropped to 52.65 ± 0.98, 9.97 ± 0.51, and 7.25 ± 0.29%, respectively. In conclusion, cultivation of S. platensis with BLAE up to 30% replacement of KM may be viable without undue effect on the plant’s growth, pigmentation, or biochemical makeup. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2022) 26 (2) : 83-96

A TAGUCHI-TOPSIS HYBRID TECHNIQUE TO ENHANCE THE FRETTING WEAR CHARACTERISTICS FOR SiC AND SILICA-ENRICHED BLA-REINFORCED AZ91D Mg ALLOY-BASED MMCs

This investigation intends to come up with a cost-efficient and easily available bamboo leaf ash (BLA) which has high content of Silica, as an effective and complimenting reinforcement for the production of magnesium alloy-based metal matrix composites. By incorporating SiC and BLA reinforcement to AZ91D Mg alloy, the composites were made using the bottom pouring stir casting technique. The ratio between SiC and BLA in the composite, respectively, varied as 0:0, 6:0, 0:6, 4:2, 3:3, 2:4 wt.%. Fretting wear is one of the fundamental modes of wear for any mating parts which have vibration with low amplitude. In this study, an integrated Taguchi-TOPSIS is adapted to make the process variables more optimal for fretting wear of composites. Material composition, load, temperature, time, frequency and stroke length are selected as process parameters. The objective is to minimize the coefficient of friction, volume loss and surface roughness. Using the TOPSIS approach, the multi-criteria optimization approach was reduced to a single-criteria issue. The results revealed AZ91D/2 wt.% SiC/4 wt.% BLA, 10N, room temperature, 30-min, 30 Hz and 0.7 mm stroke as optimal parameters. Microscopic study demonstrates that fretting wear occurs in the partial slip zone for the composite tested at optimal condition. With temperature, the wear regime in composites shifts from partial slip to mixed fretting, whereas in alloys, the wear regime shifts from mixed fretting to gross slip. When the correct set of circumstances are available, hybrid composite can function well as a replacement for traditional materials in machineries vulnerable to fretting wear.

Plant Photocatalysts: Photoinduced Oxidation and Reduction Abilities of Plant Leaf Ashes under Solar Light.

Plant leaf ashes were obtained via the high temperature calcination of the leaves of various plants, such as sugarcane, couchgrass, bracteata, garlic sprout, and the yellowish leek. Although the photosynthesis systems in plant leaves cannot exist after calcination, minerals in these ashes were found to exhibit photochemical activities. The samples showed solar light photocatalytic oxidation activities sufficient to degrade methylene blue dye. They were also shown to possess intrinsic dehydrogenase-like activities in reducing the colorless electron acceptor 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride to a red formazan precipitate under solar light irradiation. The possible reasons behind these two unreported phenomena were also investigated. These ashes were characterized using a combination of physicochemical techniques. Moreover, our findings exemplify how the soluble and insoluble minerals in plant leaf ashes can be synergistically designed to yield next-generation photocatalysts. It may also lead to advances in artificial photosynthesis and photocatalytic dehydrogenase.

Performance of agro-wastes and chemical admixtures used in concrete: A review

Concrete is an artificial composite material made up of four main components: cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water. Because of its adaptability, durability, and economic issues, it has rapidly gained popularity as a construction material around the globe. The manufacturing process of cement leads to the release of significant quantities of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Finding alternatives to cement and natural aggregates is becoming more necessary and important.The ash that is produced when agricultural waste is burned as a fuel presents a few problems, such as the contamination of the soil, but it also has the potential to be used as a cement substitutebecause of its pozzolanic qualities. This research paper explores the utilization of agro-waste ashes, including Corn cob ash (CCA), Rice husk ash (RHA), Palm oil fuel ash (POFA), wood waste ash (WWA), bamboo leaf ash (BLA), Coconut husk ash (CHA), Groundnut shell ash (GSA), and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), as substitutes for cement in concrete mixtures. Additionally, it delves into a comprehensive examination of various chemical admixtures such as water reducing, corrosion inhibiting, shrinkage reducing which are commonly employed to improve concrete performance. The use of agricultural waste in cement and concrete could lead to a range of benefits which include reduced CO2 emissions, improved strength and durability properties of concrete resulting lower the production costs of concrete. Chemical admixtures help to attain stronger and durable concrete.

Effects of Bamboo Leaf Ash on Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete

The construction industry is generally faced with so many challenges of which deterioration in concrete structures caused by Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the pressing challenges. This reaction induces expansion in concrete, resulting in its eventual cracking and subsequent failure. Research direction is being geared towards obtaining properties of pozzolanic concrete of recently discovered different biogenic pozzolans such as bamboo leaf ash (BLA). BLA has been proven to be acceptable in terms of compressive strength and some other properties but few researches have been performed on the impacts of ASR on BLA concrete structures. This research work focuses on investigating the properties of BLA through X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analyses, and its effectiveness in resisting or eliminating ASR that may be present in concrete. Tests were performed on concrete bars soaked in NaOH at a temperature of 80 oC to determine the possible reactivity of aggregates to ASR. In addition, workability and the compressive strengths of BLA concrete at different percentage levels were determined after curing for 7, 28 and 56 days. The findings of the research show that BLA improves the workability of fresh concrete, however, it causes a decline in the compressive strength of concrete when compared with the strength of conventional concrete. Also, BLA has no detrimental effect on the linear expansion of concrete. This study recommends that a 5% partial replacement of cement with BLA will give effective performance when used in areas where strength is not the major priority. Alkali-silica reaction, bamboo leaf ash, compressive strength, concrete, construction, linear expansion, pozzolans

Effect of reinforced diverse synthetic and agricultural-industrial waste materials on the microstructural and mechanical performance of hybrid metal matrix composite

This report provided a thorough analysis of previous research on the topic under consideration from the previous year's research. This research work focuses on the microstructural and mechanical performance of hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC) reinforced with different synthetic and agricultural-industrial wastes. By varying the wt% of Synthetic (i.e. carbon allotropes, AlB2 TiB2, CeO2, B4C, SiC, MgO, TiC, TiC, WC, and TiB2, etc.) + Industrial–Agricultural Wastes materials (i.e. Bean shell ash (BSA), Sugarcane bagasse, Neem seed, Wheat husk ash (WHA), rice husk ash (RHA), Corn cob ash (CCA), bamboo leaf ash (BLA), palm kernel shell ash (PKSA), etc.) reinforced in the metal matrix to create HMMC using solid andliquid-state processing. Result of that, the material properties, microstructure, and wear parameters, etc of composite materials, were examined, and found improvement in microstructural and mechanical performance. But Agro-Industrial Wastes be prominent due to their low density, reduce the overall cost as well as helps to overcome the addition of synthetic reinforcement cost, eliminate the problem of a landfill, and improve the strength of a composite, because they have elements such as MgO, K2O, ZnO, MnO, Na2O, Fe2O3, SiO2, CaO, SO3, P2O5, Al2O3, Li2O, SO3, SrO, TiO2, etc. To fabricate the high Tribological performance and high mechanical strength HMMC uses them as reinforcements to make them attractive. The purpose of this review is to examine the most effective Synthetic + Industrial agricultural waste materials and their percentage effect on mechanical and tribological properties.

Effect of using sugarcane leaf ash and granite dust as partial replacements for cement on characteristics of ultra-high performance concrete

A significant quantity of cement is necessary for the production of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). However, some environmental issues are associated with cement production. The worldwide agricultural growth increases ash from agricultural waste (AW). Furthermore, industrial waste (IW) generated throughout the stone-cutting and processing has increased due to the growing demand for granite stone in construction. This research conducted a unique study that involved comparing the use of sugarcane leaf ash (SLA) as AW and granite dust (GD) as IW as partial substitutes for cement in the production of eco-friendly UHPC. The effect of employing SLA and GD with replacement ratios ranging from 20% to 50% on the mechanical and transport properties of UHPC was studied. In addition, this research investigated the effectiveness of partial replacement of natural fine aggregate (NFA) by recycled fine aggregate (RFA) with ratios ranging from 25% to 100% on the UHPC qualities. Moreover, the effect of elevated temperatures on the UHPC and the microstructural examination were investigated. Results demonstrated that the optimum replacement ratio of SLA or GD from cement was 20%, showing the best mechanical characteristics of the UHPC. For example, after 28 days of casting, the compressive strength increased by 12.16% and 8.44% when SLA and GD were added to the UHPC mix, respectively. Additionally, the 25% replacement ratio of RFA from NFA presented the best mechanical and transport properties of the UHPC. The mixes containing SLA positively affected the UHPC higher than those containing GD.

Performance evaluation of bamboo leaf ash and steel slag powder as alternative filler in asphaltic mixes

The need to improve the quality of asphalt concrete and to control the disposal of waste into the environment has been an issue of concern to most researchers. This study investigated the re-use of bamboo leaf ash (BLA) and steel slag powder (SSP) as replacements for conventional mineral filler, quarry dust (QD). Asphaltic concrete binder (BC) and wearing (WC) courses were prepared with SSP and BLA, while QD was used as control. Laboratory tests were carried out on the BC and WC to determine the Marshal and mechanical properties of the mixes. The properties are stability, flow voids, indirect tensile strength, tensile strength ratio, fatigue test, resilient modulus, cantabro loss test, skid resistance, and retain strength. The performance of asphalt mixtures containing SSP improved the marshal stability, indirect tensile test, ravelling resistance, and rutting resistance of the asphaltic concrete by 10, 15, 20, and 25%, respectively, more than the control compared to BLA. The moisture resistance, fatigue, and resilience moduli of the control (QD) were found to be a little higher than the SSP and BLA, with 15, 20, and 25%, respectively. The use of BLA and SSP is cheaper as compared to conventional fillers; BLA and SSP for wearing and binder courses are 4.35%, 4.13%, and 3.17%, 3.03% lower respectively, for 1 tonne of asphalt concrete produced. The result of this study suggests that re-using SSP and BLA can be a substitute for conventional filler to achieve a more satisfactory performance, cost-effectiveness, and a means of effective waste disposal.

Green utilization of biomass by-product poplar leaf ash: A novel eco-friendly cementitious material for cement mortar replacement

The use of biomass for power generation is increasing. However, solving the solid biomass waste generated during the combustion process is a challenge. In order to reduce costs and the use of forestry waste, the replacement of cement in cement mortars with the same quality of poplar leaf ash was studied. The present study documents the potential of biomass ash obtained from calcined leaf ash as a supplementary cementitious. By thermogravimetric tests, 20 °C, 310 °C, 470 °C, and 650 °C were selected as the calcination temperatures. The effects of biomass ash on uniaxial compressive strength, crack extension, acoustic emission, and the microstructure of specimens at different curing ages of 7 d and 28 d were investigated. The results show that the strength of specimens mixed with 20 wt% poplar leaf ash is about 60% of cement mortar. The porosity of cement mortar specimens with biomass ash is higher than that of cement mortar. The hydration products of C-S-H and AFt are slightly less than cement mortar. To achieve the same flowability, the water-binder ratio is higher when mixed with biomass ash. As a result, the biomass ash specimens have higher porosity and lower strength. The strength of 310 °C and 470 °C is approximately 8.41% and 4.70% lower than that of 650 °C. The optimum calcination temperature for the pozzolanic activity of poplar leaf biomass ash is 650 ℃. This promotes the efficient use of biomass solid waste and the construction industry is green development.

Pengaruh Penambahan Sebagian Abu Daun Bambu Sebagai Filler Pada Campuran Aspal AC-WC Terhadap Karakteristik Marshall Dengan Variasi Perendaman

Asphall concrate wearing course (AC-WC) is the topmost pavement layer which functions as a wear layer. Filler function is very important to modify the gradation offine agregate in the asphall mixture so that the density increases. Asphall concrate layer (laston) is a cover layer consisting of a densely graded agregate mixture with struktural properties. The purpuse of this study was to determine the effect and variation of immersiontime on the properties and characteristics of asphal with bamboo leaf ash as part of the added material, namely 10%, 15%, and 20% with variations of immersion, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. The number of samples of test objects made were 48 samples, with 15 normal sampels of test comparison, 27 samples of variations, 6 samples of remaining KAO. The manufacture of test specimens hot mixed and refersto the 2018test apparatus with a temperature of 60ºC and is continuedout with the marshall test to obtain stability and flow values. Based on research results and data analysis of AC-WC asphalt mixtures with the addition of 10%, 15%, 20% bamboo leaf ash, with soaking variations of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days. From the laboratory results, the addition of 20% bamboo leaf ash can increase the density, FLOW and VFB values, while a decrease occurs in the stability of VMA, MQ and VIM, but not too drastically because it is still in the specification stage

The Effect of the Addition Steel Slag and Bamboo Leaf Ash on the CBR Unsoaked Value in Subgrade Stabilization

The Effect of the Addition Steel Slag and Bamboo Leaf Ash on the CBR Unsoaked Value in Subgrade Stabilization

Effect of Bamboo Leaf Ash on The Properties of Geopolymer Concrete at Ambient Curing Temperature

As a result of the growing environmental concerns in the cement industry and the rising cost of building materials, alternative cement technologies have become an area of increasing interest. In this study, geopolymer concrete containing fly ash class F and bamboo leaf ash was chosen as a cement substitute in concrete manufacturing. This research was an experimental study evaluating the effect of bamboo leaf ash (BLA) on geopolymer concrete by addition as a partial replacement of fly ash. The test samples were 100 x 100 x 100 mm cubes and 300 x 150 mm cylinders at the ambient curing temperature. The design mix of C25 was used for this study. This research aimed to explore the suitability of the use of bamboo leaf ash as a mixing material in geopolymer concrete in more environmentally friendly industries. The properties that were investigated in this study are the basic aggregate tests, XRF analyses of BLA and fly ash, and workability tests by evaluating slump and compaction factor tests. In addition, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of 28, 56, and 90 days. Therefore, in this study, various levels of bamboo leaf ash were utilized, including 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% BLA. The alkaline liquid-to-binder ratio for all mixes was constant at 0.6, while the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio was 2.5. The test results of the workability show that the increased amount of bamboo leaf ash gradually reduces the alkaline liquid. The result of compressive and splitting tensile showed that fly ash substitutes that contained 5% and 10% of the bamboo leaf had higher strengths of about 38.7 MPa, 40.8 MPa, 4 MPa, and 4.22 MPa, respectively than other mixtures. Therefore, bamboo leaf ash can be one of the constituent materials used to improve the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete

Potential of bamboo leaf ash as supplementary binder materials - A systematic literature review

Concrete is one of the most used building materials in contemporary society; however, its production demands large amounts of raw materials and natural resources. Cement production is responsible for the highest CO2 emissions, causing major environmental impacts. The use of industrial waste as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) has been increasingly studied to reduce and minimize these negative impacts. In this systematic literature review, we investigated the possible use of bamboo leaf ash (BLA) as a SCM. We analyzed 31 papers from four databases and evaluated the effects of calcination conditions of BLA as well as its chemical, physical, mechanical, and durability properties. The literature review demonstrates that BLA presents high pozzolanic reactivity and that composites with cement replacement by BLA present great mechanical properties and increased durability.

Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution using nano Prosopis cineraria leaf ash (NPCLA)

Background: Heavy metal pollution has become one of the most severe environmental problems, therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate removal of cadmium (Cd) from aqueous solution. Methods: In the present study, nano Prosopis cineraria leaf ash (NPCLA) was used as an adsorbent for removing Cd from aqueous solution. Contact time, initial pH of the solutions, sorbent dosages, and initial Cd (II) concentration were considered as parameters affecting Cd removal efficiency. The experiments were designed by Design of Expert (DOE) software. Results: It was revealed that an NPCLA dosage of 2.45 gL-1, pH of 6.3, and initial Cd (II) concentration of 20.7 mgL-1 in contact time of 60 min was the optimum condition for removal of Cd (II) in the domain of experiments and at this optimum condition, the prediction value of removal efficiency was found 99.9%. Based on the results of kinetics experiments, the sorption system and experiment data of Cd (II) adsorption on the NPCLA followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Freundlich, Langmuir, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and Temkin isotherm models were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well with linearly transformed Langmuir isotherm with a correlation coefficient of R2=0.9877, and the maximum sorption capacity of NPCLA was obtained to be 25.25 mgg-1. Conclusion: In laboratory conditions, NPCLA can remove Cd from aqueous solution with a high efficiency. Therefore, due to this plant’s availability and cheapness, NPCLA can be considered a suitable option for producing adsorbents on industrial scales.