Leaf Ash Research Articles

Pengujian Kualitas Biodiesel dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dengan Katalis Heterogen Abu Daun Kucai (Allium schoenoprasum): Parameter Berat Katalis, Rasio Mol Minyak Terhadap Metanol dan Waktu Reaksi

The Chives’s Plant (Allium schoenoprasum) came from the wild ancestors that is the native of European and Asian. The ash of chive leaves contain considerable amount of metal, enabling its usage as catalyst in the making of biodiesel. Based on the Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) characterization, chive leaf ash calcined at 600 ˚C contained 26.14% potassium oxide, 17.55 calcium oxide, 21.94% carbon, and 22.05% phosphorus pentoxide. The ash of chive leaves later on, used as the catalyst on the biodiesel making from the palm oil. The highest biodiesel yield of 94.42% was achieved at reaction temperature of 60 ˚C, 3% catalyst amount, ratio of oil and methanol 1:12, and reaction time 120 minutes. Based on its density, viscosity, moisture, and total glycerol biodiesel has met the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7182:2015. However, the purity of biodiesel still haven’t met the standards, in which methyl ester content was 69.13% and the triglyceride was 18.83%.

Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Containing Coconut Palm Leaf Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material

Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Fibre-Reinforced Concrete Containing Coconut Palm Leaf Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material

Use of banana leaf ash as partial replacement of Portland cement in eco-friendly concretes

• The BLA presented pozzolanic activity like other agroindustrial ashes. • Eco-friendly concretes with BLA increased compressive strength by 18 % at 90 days. • Performance and CII analysis indicated that BLA-10 is the best mix proportion. • SEM indicated that BLA-10 exhibits higher densification and lower voids. • TGA indicated that BLA can react with Ca(OH)2 and produce additional C–S–H. Currently, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) exist in the construction industry, including non-traditional materials such as banana leaf ash (BLA). The use of these materials drives the demand for a built environment with a smaller carbon footprint, reduction of pollutant gas emissions and agroindustrial waste generation. Thus, the research aims to investigate the use of BLA as a partial replacement for Portland cement (PC) in eco-friendly concretes. For this purpose, concretes were produced with replacement of PC by BLA at levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% in relation to the weight of the binder, analyzing their physical (consistency, bulk density, dry density and water absorption), mechanical (compressive strength) and microstructural (SEM and TGA) behavior. The findings indicated that the concretes with BLA obtained improvements in the physical and mechanical properties with the increase of the substitution content up to 10%. Microstructural analyses indicated that the BLA can react with Ca(OH) 2 released during cement hydration and produce additional C–S–H, showing the pozzolanic potential of the residue. Therefore, the concrete with BLA-10 had significant improvements in its performance and properties investigated, becoming an environmentally friendly alternative for the production of the composite.

MODELING AND OPTIMIZING THE TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF DEVELOPED ALUMINUM HYBRID COMPOSITE

Aluminum and its alloy are versatile metal materials engaged in various applications based on their high strength, corrosion resistance and light weight. However, there are many limitations to its applications when compared with steel. In a bid to improve on the properties, aluminum composites are developed. In this study, Al 6111 composite was developed by the blend of silica and bamboo leaf ash (BLA) as reinforcement employing stir casting process. The input factors for the experiment were silica dosage (A), BLA proportion (B) and stirring temperature (C). The experimental design was carried out via Box Behnken design of the response surface methodology. Composites were fabricated through stir casting process by varying the inputs according to the dictations of the experimental runs. Parameters evaluated are yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation. Result of the ANOVA analysis showed that the parameters had consequential effect on the response and the developed model for each parameter are fit for predictions. From the surface plot, interaction between 5[Formula: see text]wt.% and 10[Formula: see text]wt.% silica and 2[Formula: see text]wt.% and 4[Formula: see text]wt.% BLA led to improvement in yield, ultimate tensile strength but decrease in elongation even as proportions 10[Formula: see text]wt.% and 15[Formula: see text]wt.% silica and 4[Formula: see text]wt.% and 6[Formula: see text]wt.% BLA ensued reduction in the value. Stirring temperature of 700–800∘C is favorable to the strength parameters while 800–900∘C led to strength reduction. Optimization via response surface, predicted optimum conditions of 11.6249[Formula: see text]wt.%, 3.95707[Formula: see text]wt.% and 789.033∘C for A, B and C, respectively. Predicted values for yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation are 278.26[Formula: see text]MPa, 378.24[Formula: see text]MPa, 97.7885[Formula: see text]GPa and 10.132%, respectively. Validation experiment was carried out at the optimum condition and the deviation in parameters between the predicted and validated values is [Formula: see text]. Hence, the models are statistically fit for property predictions.

RETRACTED: Effect of rice straw ash and palm leaf ash on the properties of ultrahigh-performance concrete

The global expansion of agricultural production has increased the amount of agricultural waste (AW). Accordingly, AW should be disposed of properly to preserve the environment. This study focuses on using rice straw ash (RSA) and palm leaf ash (PLA) as partial replacement for cement in the production of ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC). In particular, this research investigates the effect of using RSA and PLA as pozzolanic materials on the microstructure and the fresh, mechanical and physical properties of UHPC. Eleven UHPC mixtures are prepared as control mixtures without RSA and PLA. Five mixtures are used with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% RSA, whilst five residual mixtures contain 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% PLA. Results indicate the efficiency of RSA or PLA as a partial substitute (i.e. 20% of cement weight), with mechanical properties and durability better than those of the reference mixture. The microstructure analysis shows that 20% RSA or PLA yields denser concrete than the control mixture. The UHPC samples with 20% RSA and 20% PLA achieve the best results of 188.5 MPa and 185 MPa by increasing compressive strength by about 13.2% and 11.1%, respectively, compared with the control mixture at a test age of 28 days. Important mechanical properties, such as splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, exhibit a trend similar to that of the compressive strength results for all the UHPC mixtures. The average values of splitting tensile strength and flexural strength at 28 days are about 11% and 14% of the compressive strength of the same UHPC mixtures, respectively. The significance of the current study is the relatively high cement replacement percentages of up to 50% by weight and the use of AW as replacement materials.

Adsorption potential of Euphorbia Hirta’s (leaf and stem) towards methyl red in aqueous systems

Dyes harm both aquatic species and humans in wastewaters, which are poisonous as well as carcinogenic. For decades, the adsorption system technique has been widely used to take out dyes from aqueous solutions since it is a trouble-free and successful process. The present study investigated the use of Euphorbia hirta’s leaf powder/stem powder/leaf ash/stem ash for the adsorption of methyl red dye (MRD) from aqueous samples for the first time. MRD aqueous solutions (250 ml, 100 ppm) were incubated for the required contact period with 1.2 gm/l of investigated sorbent with agitation at 100 rpm. The temperature and pH remained maintained at 27 degrees Celsius and 4.0, respectively. The residual amounts of MRD were evaluated by spectrophotometrically measuring MRD absorbance at 464.9 nm. The percent MRD clearance using E. hirta’s leaf powder/stem powder/leaf ash/stem ash showed that the optimal condition of MRD clearance happened at pH unit of 4, 100 ppm concentration of MRD, sorbent dose at 1.2 gm/l, ambient temperature, mechanical shaker agitation speed of 100 rpm. The optimal equilibration time for highest percentile MRD clearance was 125 min (E. hirta leaf powder), 105 min (E. hirta leaf ash powder and E. hirta stem powder) and 90 min (E. hirta stem ash powder). Negatively charged chemical groups like –COOH, -CHO, -NH, etc. present in the phytochemicals of E. hirta’s leaf and stem binds to positively charged ions in MRD, as a result, adsorption occurs. For its significant biosorption potential and cheap cost, E. hirta’s leaf powder/stempowder/leaf ash/stem ash can be regarded as alternative biomass for removing MRD from the aqueous solution.

Potential of low-cost bio-adsorbents to retain amoxicillin in contaminated water

Sewage sludge as agricultural amendment is the main route of human-medicine antibiotics to enter soils. When reaching environmental compartments, these compounds can cause significant risks to human and ecological health. Specifically, the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX) is highly used in medicine, and the fact that more than 80% of the total ingested is excreted increases the chances of causing serious environmental and public health problems. As the use of low-cost bio-adsorbents could help to solve these issues, this research focuses on the retention of AMX onto four by-products of the forestry industry (eucalyptus leaf, pine bark, pine needles, and wood ash) and one from food industry (mussel shell). To carry out this study, batch-type tests were performed, where increasing concentrations of the antibiotic (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol L−1) were added to samples of 0.5 g of each bio-adsorbent. Eucalyptus leaf, pine needle and wood ash showed adsorption scores higher than 80%, while it was up to 39% and 48% for pine bark and mussel shell, respectively. For pine bark, wood ash and mussel shell, adsorption data showed good adjustment to the Freundlich and Linear models, while pine needles and eucalyptus leaf did not fit to any model. There was not desorption when the maximum concentration of AMX (50 μmol L−1) was added. Overall, eucalyptus leaf, pine needles and wood ash can be considered good bio-adsorbents with high potential to retain AMX, which has significant implications regarding their eventual use to reduce risks of environmental pollution by this antibiotic.

Effect of different burning degrees of sugarcane leaf ash on the properties of ultrahigh-strength concrete

The global expansion of agricultural production increases agricultural waste ash (AWA). Accordingly, AWA should be disposed to preserve the environment. This study focuses on using AWA as a partial substitute for cement to produce ultrahigh-strength concrete (UHSC). This research investigated the effect of using sugarcane leaf ash (SLA) as a pozzolanic material on the properties of UHSC. The cement replacement rates by SLA were 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. SLA was heat-treated at 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C for 2 h to improve its physical and chemical properties. The effects of the heat-treated SLA on UHSC mechanical properties such as, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, were studied. The effects of heat-treated SLA on UHSC durability such as, water permeability, chloride penetration and sorptivity of UHSC were also investigated. In addition to, microstructure analysis of several UHSC mixtures was presented. Results showed the efficiency of SLA as a partial substitute of the 20% of cement weight with mechanical properties and durability higher than the mechanical properties and durability of the reference mixture. Compared with the reference mixture, the heat-treated SLA used as a partial substitute generally improved all properties. The UHSC containing SLA heat-treated at 700 °C and a 20% substitution rate achieved the best results of 162.5, 17.78, 24.05 and 55,820 MPa for compressive strength, tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of elasticity at test age of 28 days.

Comparative Bioactivity of Bamboo Leaf Ash and Bularafa Diatomaceous Earth against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky)

Maize is one of the major staple foods in Sub-Saharan Africa and there is serious loss in maize storage due to insect damage. This study compared the bioactivity of Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) and Bularafa Diatomaceous Earth (BDE) against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) under laboratory conditions. Insecto®, a commercialized DE was also tested as standard check. Adults of the insects were exposed on maize admixed with the BLA at dose rate of 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000ppm; BDE and insecto® at a dose rate of 1,000ppm, at 28.20C and 82.2% relative humidity. Mortality increased with increasing exposure duration and all treatments showed mortality of more than 80% after 14days post-treatment compared to negative control with 0%.The treatments suppressed F1 progeny. Treated grains have weight loss less than 4%, kennel damage less than 14% and grain germination showed no significant change. The decreasing efficacy of the dusts against this insect is Insecto®> BLA > BDE. BLA and BDE have potential for the management of insect pests of stored grain in Nigeria.

Effects of Palm Leaf Ash and Palm Kernel Fibre on Properties of Compressed Laterite Earth Brick

This study was designed to compare the effects of the properties of compressed laterite earth brick (CLEB) stabilized with palm leaf ash (PKA) and palm kernel fiber (KPF). The study was carried out in Building Technology Department, Federal Polytechnic Bida, Niger State. Bricks of 222×110×70 were produced using manual pressed machine where nine bricks each were stabilized with palm kernel fiber for 1%, 2%, and 3%. Also 9 bricks each were stabilized with palm leaf ash for each percent 5%, 10% and 15%. The materials used were Palm Kernel Fiber, Palm Leaf Ash laterite soil, and water. The abrasion resistance test and water penetration test were carried out. The findings revealed that the water penetration rate for the CLEB bricks stabilized with PKF recorded average penetration rate of 10.18 at 1%, 11.52 at 2% and 12.19 at 3%. Only 3% produced higher penetration rate while CLEB stabilized with PLA recorded average water penetration rate of 11.58 at 5%, 10.63 at 10%, and 11.27 at 15%. All were in conformity with NBRRI specification of 12.5%. The abrasion resistance of the 28 day CLEB stabilized with PKF recorded average abrasion of 1.40 at 1%, 1.28 at 2% and 3.68 at 3%. All result were conformity with the NBBRI specification of 6.9. While the abrasion resistance of the 28 day CLEB stabilized with PLA recorded average abrasion of 2.39 at 5%, 2.22 at 10% and 2.32 at 15% which were in conformity with the NBBRI specification of 6.9. Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the CLEB stabilized with palm kernel fiber at 1% and 2% are in conformity with NBRRI specification of compressive strength, water absorption rate and abrasion resistance. While compressed laterite bricks stabilized with palm leaf ash should be improve to conform to NBRRI specification.

Anti-hyperglycaemic Effects of the Ashes of Some Nigerian Anti-diabetic Ethnomedicinal Plants

Aims: To evaluate blood glucose-lowering ability of leaf ashes and compare anti-hyperglycaemic activities of Annona muricata leaf extract and ash.
 Study Design: Ashes and extract of medicinal plants were assayed using glucose-loaded rats model.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacognosy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, between March 2017 and February 2020.
 Methodology: Adequately prepared ashes of seven plants and A. muricata methanol extract were assayed for anti-hyperglycaemic potentials, using glucose-loaded (10 g/kg, p.o.) Wistar rats that were hyperglycaemic [blood glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L] thirty minutes thereafter (T0.0). Groups of 5 rats each, were administered 100, 150, 200 mg/kg of different ashes and A. muricata extract (200 mg/kg). Normal saline and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) were negative and positive controls, respectively. Their blood glucose levels were determined at 0-4 hours post-extract/ash/drug administration; results analysed using ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls’ and Dunnett post-hoc tests. P ˂ .05 was considered significantly different.
 Results: 100 mg/kg of Momordica charantia, Azadirachta indica and Eugenia malaccensis leaf ashes was their most active dose, indicating significantly higher extrapancreatic activity. 32, 37, 54, 59 and 36, 43, 50, 48 % reductions elicited by Chromolaena odorata (COLA) and A. muricata (AMLA) ashes (200 mg/kg) at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours, respectively made them the most active ashes. Also, blood glucose levels in glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)-, COLA-, AMLA- and its extract (200 mg/kg)-treated rats were comparable (P > .05) and their anti-hyperglycaemic activity was suggested to be due to the pancreatic (insulinotropic) and extra-pancreatic actions of their constituents.
 Conclusion: Study justified anti-diabetic ethnomedicinal use of plant-ashes in Nigeria, while doses were recommended for the optimum folkloric usage of these leaf ashes in managing diabetes in the rural areas of Nigeria. The leaf ashes may contain elements with glucose postprandial tolerance factor and insulin stimulating properties.

Experimental Investigation on Concrete Using Agricultural Waste Ash-A Review

The present study is aim to develop a high strength concrete bye using mineral admixtures of bamboo leaf ash and pawpaw leaf ash. In order to check the compatibility, physical and chemical properties of materials are studied. This aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent trends incorporating biomass ashes from agricultural waste in ordinary Portland cement(OPC).The material properties of different leaf ashes and their effect on fresh and hardened concrete properties are review. Partial replacement of OPC with by products, such as bamboo leaf ash, pawpaw leaf ash. Partial replacement of OPC with by products, such as bamboo leaf ash, pawpaw leaf ash. It will also contribute to the effort of achieving zero waste technology and sustainable development.

Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoflakes synthesized using biogenic silica from Salacca zalacca leaf ash and the mechanistic insight into adsorption and photocatalytic wet peroxidation of dye

Abstract Water pollution has become one of the most serious environmental issues recently, especially in relation to chemical-containing wastewater. Uncontrolled industrial waste, including large amounts of dye-containing wastewater from textile industries, needs intensive attention. In this work, the synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposite biogenic silica from Salacca zalacca leaf ash was conducted for the photo-Fenton-like degradation of dye waste. The use of Salacca zalacca leaf ash and the nanoflake form is the novelty of this work. The physicochemical characterization of the material was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-DRS) analyses, and photocatalytic activity of material was investigated in wet peroxidation of rhodamine B and batik wastewater. The results showed homogeneously dispersed Fe3O4 in SiO2 support with a nanoflake form, and a crystallite size of 44.9 nm was obtained. XRD investigation revealed the single phase of Fe3O4, which is consistent with the TEM analysis. The bandgap energy of 2.21 eV was reported from UV-DRS measurements, which influenced the increasing photocatalytic activity and reusability of the nanocomposite compared to pure Fe3O4. The photocatalyst showed the maximum degradation efficiency (DE) of 99.9% after 60 min, and the reusability feature was expressed, as there was an insignificant change in the DE over the fifth cycle of use. The material exhibited photocatalytic oxidation of batik wastewater as the removal of total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and color reached 95.55%, 89.59%, and 90.00%, respectively.

Agricultural waste ash in the domain of sustainable concrete

The agricultural industry is a major global key. After the processing of agricultural products, an abundant amount of agricultural waste is generated and most of them are used as a combustion fuel in the industries that results in the final product agricultural waste ashes (AWA). The most commonly available AWA are rice husk ash (RHA), neem seed husk ash (NHA), palm oil fuel ash (PFA), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), corn cob ash (CCA), bamboo leaf ash (BLA), coconut shell ash (CSA) and wood waste ash (WA). These AWA when not properly utilized pollutes air, water, and soil. Effective utilization of these AWA in the production of sustainable and eco-friendly products leads to the reduction of environmental pollution. The production of concrete involves huge amounts of natural resources or raw materials. The production of concrete is not an environmentally friendly process. This paper reviews the use of AWA as pozzolan in producing sustainable concrete. After the review, it is noticed that the reactive silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) present in the AWA help in the enhancement of the performance of concrete and reduce the production cost of concrete.

Assessment of Losses in Sweet Sorghum Genotype (SSV 74) due to Leaf Blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs

Background: Leaf blight caused by Exserohilum turcicum (E. turcicum) is commonly or generally found on sorghum grown in the sub-tropics and tropical lowlands during summer. The pathogen is easily wind disseminated and apparently most consistent in their occurrence and severity across the diverse sorghum growing environments. The sweet sorghum variety SSV 74 was released by University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad for kharif season mainly for fodder purpose. This variety is also good for ethanol production and jaggery making. However, for the last several years this variety was showing its susceptibility to the leaf blight caused by E. turcicum and causes heavy losses both in fodder and its quality. Even though there are reports of the presence of leaf blight caused by E. turcicum on the grain sorghum, no precise information is available on the presence of the leaf blight on sweet sorghum in India as well as in the world and no information is available about the magnitude of losses caused by this disease. Hence, the experiment was conducted to assess the losses caused by the E. turcicum. Methods: An experiment on loss assessment in sweet sorghum due to leaf blight caused by E. turcicum was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during kharif 2017 using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and seven treatments. Six treatments were imposed with hexaconazole at 0.1% besides a treatment with unsprayed control. Result: Lowest per cent disease index (PDI) (24.76%) as well as area under disease progressive curve (789.61) was observed in treatment involving six sprays of hexaconazole at 0.1% followed by five sprays, (PDI: 27.51%, AUDPC: 815.32) and four sprays T4 (PDI: 32.57%, AUDPC: 908.80). Highest fodder yield (46.47 t/ha), brix value (12.47%), crude fibre content (28.22%), leaf ash content (23.08%) and crude protein content (5.29%) was observed in treatment with six sprays of hexaconazole at 0.1%. With respect to the per cent increase over control, 17.47-37.20 per cent increase in fodder yield, 7.4-21.17 per cent in brix value, 11.64-9.66 per cent in crude fibre content, 12.74-62.91 per cent in leaf ash content and 4.36-13.00 per cent in crude protein content was observed at one spray to six sprays with hexaconazole at 0.1 per cent, respectively.

Recyclable Catalyst of ZnO/SiO2 Prepared from Salacca Leaves Ash for Sustainable Biodiesel Conversion

This paper reports on the first case of the recyclable catalysts of ZnO/SiO2 prepared from salacca leaf ash as a source of silica for biodiesel production. The catalysts were prepared using a hydrothermal synthesis method, and the catalyst was utilized for biodiesel conversion from rice bran oil. Physicochemical properties of the catalysts were studied by multiple instrumental analyses consisting of XRD, SEM, TEM, and surface acidity measurements on pyridine adsorption followed by FTIR analysis. The study focuses on the effect of Zn content on the physicochemical character. As such, a varied Zn content of 20, 25, and 30 % wt. was applied. In order to evaluate the influencing parameters for the catalytic process, a response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design was applied in optimization. The selected parameters of catalysis included the Zn content, catalyst dose, methanol and oil ratio, and the time of reaction. It was concluded that all tested parameters—with the exception of Zn content—significantly influence the yield of the reaction. The catalyst demonstrated a reusable feature, as there was an insignificant yield value of catalytic activity until the fifth cycle during the simple procedure of recycling. This suggests that the material was potentially developed for biodiesel conversion.

Effectiveness of Pozzolanic Leaf Ashes and Plastics on Geotechnical Characteristics

This study aims to investigate the geotechnical characteristics of three soils by adding waste plastics and a mixture of leaf ashes. The soil stabilizers used in the study are the plastics strips from waste plastic file folders and a mixture of ashes from five naturally occurring pozzolanic leaves in Sri Lanka. The plastics used in this study have a width of 5 mm and aspect ratios of 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the weight percentages 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8. The mixture of leaf ashes used is in the weight percentages 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. The investigated geotechnical characteristics of the soils include the improvement of maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), soaked California bearing ratio (CBR), shear strength parameters, plastic index (PI), and Atterberg limits. The results suggest that the optimum improvement in soaked CBR and MDD can be achieved by adding 2% plastics and 6% leaf ash mixture into the soils. Shear strength parameters and PI can also be improved.

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams made of normal and polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete containing date palm leaf ash

Nowadays, the fast development of the construction industry and the growing need for constructional material along with the emerging concerns about the environmental issues have pushed researchers to consider and investigate the possible use of local, recycled, and waste materials as an alternative in the production of new building materials. Concrete is one of the widely used constructional materials and cement is its main component. Cement production is a highly energy-consuming process that emits a considerable amount of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere. Therefore, partly replacing cement with other cementitious materials can reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution. In the present study, the effects of Date Palm Leaf Ash (DPLA) on the mechanical properties of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete (PFRC) are investigated experimentally. For this purpose, different cubic, cylindrical, and beam specimens of Normal Concrete (NC) and PFRC with various DPLA replacement ratios (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) are cast for the compressive, tensile splitting and four-point bending tests, respectively. The effects of the DPLA on the mechanical properties, cracking and failure behavior of NC and PFRC is evaluated by performing tests on a total of 117 specimens. According to the obtained results, the addition of DPLA to concrete has a positive effect on the compressive and flexural strength of hardened concrete, as well as its toughness. Moreover, it is observed that DPLA improves the ductility of concrete. Based on the test results, the optimum value of the DPLA replacement ratio is equal to 3% and 5% for the compressive and flexural strength, respectively. Finally, based on the attained results, predictive models are proposed to determine the tensile strength of normal and fiber-reinforced concrete containing DPLA.

Mechanical properties and microstructure of High-Performance Concrete with bamboo leaf ash as additive

The demand for High-Performance Concrete (HPC) is on the increase for its good workability, high strength, and better durability. HPC are obtained by incorporating supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCM) into concrete to attain a long-term strength and durability performance. Though, several SCM have been investigated in HPC, the use of Bamboo Leave Ash (BLA) in HPC as an SCM has not been considered. Thus, this research investigated the use of BLA as SCM in HPC. The bamboo leaves were calcined in an electric furnace at a temperature of 700 °C. The ash was characterized using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and were found to possess pozzolanic properties with silica content above 70%. Cement was replaced by BLA at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement. Concrete made from these combinations were tested for compressive and splitting tensile strengths at 7, 28 and 56 days of curing. It was observed that optimum strength was attained at 5% replacement at 56 days of curing. The microstructures of the concrete revealed that at 5% incorporation of BLA in concrete, there was a better interlocking of concrete grain. It was concluded that cement can be replaced with 5% BLA in High Performance Concrete.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ABU DAUN BAMBU SEBAGAI PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN SEMEN TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG BAHAN AJAR MATA KULIAH TEKNOLOGI BETON

The purpose of this study was to determine the compressive strength of concrete using bamboo leaf ash as a partial replacement of cement with a target compressive strength of 25 MPa at the age of 28 days with the use of water cement factor (FAS) 0,5 and variation percentage levels of bamboo leaf ash that be used are 0%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% of the total weight of cement. The The amboo leaf ash used comes from Andong bamboo species. In this study use the experimental method with cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm as many as 3 samples in each percentage level of bamboo leaf ash. Concrete mix design refers to SNI 03-2834-2000. The results obtained indicate that bamboo leaf ash can increase the compressive strength of concrete when compared to the control concrete in this study even though the increase is not too large. The compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days at 0%, 5%, 7%, 9%, and 11% percentages levels of bamboo leaf ash were 16,448 MPa ; 18,768 MPa ; 18,297 MPa ; 14,958 MPa ; dan 12,827 MPa.