Leadership Activities Research Articles

Use of a Modified Delphi Process to Define the Leadership Characteristics Expected of Pharmacy Faculty Members

Objective. To reach a consensus on a working definition for leadership and identify expectations for leadership among all pharmacy faculty members. Methods. A modified Delphi process was employed to establish consensus among experienced department and division chairs regarding the definition and expectations of faculty leadership to guide faculty evaluation and development. From the AACP faculty roster, 280 department and division chairs were surveyed to identify participants with at least five years of experience in their roles and willingness to participate. Twenty-three chairs were identified from a variety of colleges and schools to comprise the expert panel and asked to participate in three rounds of questions over a two-month period. One Likert-type question and six open-ended questions were included in round 1. A thematic analysis of round 1 responses provided items for participants to rate their agreement with and provide comments on in rounds 2 and 3. Consensus for items was set prospectively at 80% of participants selecting agree or strongly agree for each item. Items could be modified by the panel in subsequent rounds of surveys if participants suggested edits to items. Results. Consensus was achieved among 23 chairs regarding a definition, 10 guiding principles, four learning competencies, six skills, six expected leadership activities (ELAs), and 20 personal characteristics related to faculty leadership. Conclusion. The results of this study provide guidance to pharmacy faculty members and administrators regarding leadership characteristics including knowledge, skills, and activities expected for faculty members to develop into effective leaders for the academy and the pharmacy profession.

Increasing principals’ time on instructional leadership: exploring the SAM® process

PurposeDespite increased focus on the importance of the time principals spend on instructional leadership, there is little research on practical ways to help principals manage their time to achieve this goal. The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of the school administration manager (SAM) process: a unique program designed to help principals orient their time toward instructional activities.Design/methodology/approachThis mixed-methods study combines data from multiple sources including: case studies of four districts that involved interviews with principals and program staff in 16 schools; interviews with network-level staff and administrators; a survey of 387 principals and 378 program staff; and time use data collected by shadowers as well as a time-tracking calendar system for 373 principals.FindingsPrincipals and their teams implemented the SAM process with relatively high fidelity. In addition, most participated in the program to increase time spent on instructional tasks. Indeed, principals’ time use shifted from managerial to instructional tasks as they implemented the program. However, there were important challenges related to the time and personnel resources required to implement the program as well as questions about the quality of the instructional leadership time spent.Originality/valueThis study describes not only time allocation, but also a process through which principals intentionally sought to shift their time toward instructional leadership activities. The insights gained from the implementation and outcomes of this process provide concrete direction for policymakers, practitioners and researchers looking for ways to change the time principals spend on instructional leadership.

Feasibility and usefulness of a leadership intervention to implement evidence-based falls prevention practices in residential care in Canada

BackgroundLeadership is critical to supporting and facilitating the implementation of evidence-based practices in health care. Yet, little is known about how to develop leadership capacity for this purpose. The aims of this study were to explore the (1) feasibility of delivering a leadership intervention to promote implementation, (2) usefulness of the leadership intervention, and (3) participants’ engagement in leadership to implement evidence-based fall prevention practices in Canadian residential care.MethodsWe conducted a mixed-method before-and-after feasibility study on two units in a Canadian residential care facility. The leadership intervention was based on the Ottawa model of implementation leadership (O-MILe) and consisted of two workshops and two individualized coaching sessions over 3 months to develop leadership capacity for implementing evidence-based fall prevention practices. Participants (n = 10) included both formal (e.g., managers) and informal (e.g., nurses and care aids leaders). Outcome measures were parameters of feasibility (e.g., number of eligible candidates who attended the workshops and coaching sessions) and usefulness of the leadership intervention (e.g., ratings, suggested modifications). We conducted semi-structured interviews guided by the Implementation Leadership Scale (ILS), a validated measure of 12-item in four subcategories (proactive, supportive, knowledgeable, and perseverant), to explore the leadership behaviors that participants used to implement fall prevention practices. We repeated the ILS in a focus group meeting to understand the collective leadership behaviors used by the intervention team. Barriers and facilitators to leading implementation were also explored.ResultsDelivery of the leadership intervention was feasible. All participants (n = 10) attended the workshops and eight participated in at least one coaching session. Workshops and coaching were rated useful (≥ 3 on a 0–4 Likert scale where 4 = highly useful) by 71% and 86% of participants, respectively. Participants rated the O-MILe subcategories of supportive and perseverant leadership highest for individual leadership, whereas supportive and knowledgeable leadership were rated highest for team leadership.ConclusionsThe leadership intervention was feasible to deliver, deemed useful by participants, and fostered engagement in implementation leadership activities. Study findings highlight the complexity of developing implementation leadership and modifications required to optimize impact. Future trials are now required to test the effectiveness of the leadership intervention on developing leadership for implementing evidence-based practices.

Challenges in the coordination of volunteer activities in long-term care services

The need for more personnel in the care sector has made politicians call upon contributions from the voluntary sector. Policy documents, however, offer little insight into how coordination between staff and volunteers is supposed to work in practice. An interview study with managers in long-term care and activity leaders from voluntary organisations was conducted. The results show that the coordination of volunteer and staff efforts was challenging. We found a lack of understanding between staff and volunteers about the rationale and extent of voluntary work. More focus is needed on practical measures to implement voluntary work in long-term care.

An Analysis of Implicit Leadership Theories and Explicit Behavior Within Religious Organizations

This paper explores the relationship between leaders and followers by investigating the level of congruence between the implicit leadership theories of leaders and followers, and the actual behavior of leaders across three hierarchical levels. By investigating religious organizations, we are able to identify contextual factors, which have not been explored in much detail. Applying a qualitative case study method, we conducted 34 semi-structured interviews in the Church of England and found gaps between perceived and actual leadership behavior which we explain by analyzing institutional, organizational (e.g., vacuums in leadership) and individual factors. We contribute to the literature of implicit leadership theory by identifying leadership attributes such as the ability to help others to flourish to be highly relevant in explaining the relationship between leaders and followers in a religious setting. Our research has substantial research and practical implications for the recruitment and training of Church leaders and followers.

An Examination of Advocacy Education in Residency Training.

Pathology-related advocacy is best when performed directly by pathologists. Practicing advocacy is included in the Milestones 2.0 and should be introduced during residency training. To understand advocacy education in residency training we surveyed pathologists to ask what training they had in residency, what resources were available, and what experiences were most impressionable. Two types of inquiry were performed. First, a survey to program graduates asking about leadership and advocacy activities during training and about leadership and advocacy activities since graduation. Secondly, focused email and telephone inquiries were made to 12 pathologists-4 in practice for more than 20 years, 4 within the first 10 years of practice, and to 4 PGY4 (postgraduate year 4) residents-asking what training and experiences were available to them, and how they became motivated to become active in practice. Our results showed that resources available outside of the home program have changed through the years and more national resident groups are available that were not available in the past. These groups may educate trainees in leadership and advocacy. Internally, opportunities to shadow faculty at interdepartmental leadership meetings, as well as selection of the chief resident, are enduring tools for honing these skills. Teaching advocacy in training is important and part of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core requirements as well as a level 5 Milestone. Education may require a balance of internal and external resources since different programs may offer different opportunities. Shadowing during real advocacy events was the most impressionable experience.

Analyzing international and Russian rankings of science and research organizations

The study is accomplished to develop the strategy to reveal publication and patent activity leaders in the Russian Federation based on the data provided by Scopus, Web of Science and Derwent. The study task is to analyze various approaches to selecting these leaders on the basis of primary machine-readable data in XML format generated by Scopus, Web of Science and Derwent. The authors have examined the ratings of Leiden (fractional estimate method), QS World University Rankings and Academic Ranking of World Universities (weighed indicator per one researcher, selecting a quality rating method). They conclude that these methods do not comprise any integrated index for comparable Scopus and Web of Science bibliometrical parameters, and leave the number of patents granted out of account. The authors examine the necessity for comparing institutional leaders of publication activity and patent activity leaders. The study is accomplished within the state order of the RF Ministry of Science and Higher Education “Developing the system of strategic and content monitoring of science, research, technological and innovative activities as related to the target and supplementary indicators of programmatic documents (Strategy of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, Science National Project, National Program “Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”) (730000F.99.1.BV16AA02001); (730000F.99.1.BV16AA02001).

The Influence of Teacher Leadership and Extracurricular Activities on Student Discipline in Pangudi Luhur Junior High School Klaten Regency

This study aims to determine the influence of teacher leadership and extracurricular activities individually and jointly on student discipline. Discipline of students in education in school is important because education itself functions to develop and shape the character of students. This research is an ex post facto research. The research population was students of Pangudi Luhur Junior High School in Klaten Regency that were 1035. In number there were 280 students became samples. The samples were taken by proportional random sampling technique. The data collection instrumentsarequestionnaires.Thedataanalysisusingsimpleregressionandmultiple regressiontotesttheresearchhypothesis.Theresultsshowedthattherewasapositive and significant influence on teacher leadership on student discipline; there was a positive and significant influence of extracurricular activities on student discipline and there are influence of teacher leadership and extracurricular activities together on student discipline.

학교장 변혁적 리더십과 교사협력활동 관계에서 학부모 교육적 관여의 조절효과

학교장 변혁적 리더십과 교사협력활동 관계에서 학부모 교육적 관여의 조절효과

Student activity: The road to excellence (Manual)

The objective of the research is to prepare a guidebook that explains the mechanism of work of the student activity leader in the school and organizes its work in a distinctive manner. The researcher works as an activity leader at Al Hudaybiyah Intermediate School located in Hafr Al Batin city and follows the administration of Hafr Al Batin Education in the Eastern Region in Saudi Arabia. This guide is based on the practical application of the researcher in the field of his work as a leader of activity, where he presented the most important points and models needed by the leader of the activity to organize its work distinctly during the academic year and through the researcher to apply the evidence in the school reached the following results: • There is a strong need to develop and organize a guide to demonstrate the work of the pilot in the school. • Preparation of some models to help the leader of the activity to be able to organize its work. • Clarifying some of the steps taken by the pioneer activity from the beginning of the semester to the end.

The Role of Good School Environment on the Quality of School Activities in Qatif Zone Schools

The current study aimed to explore the relationship between the well prepared school environment and the quality of schools activities that are directed to students' benefits. This study follows the mixed methods design that combines both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. The research tools that are used in this study is a closed-ended e-survey for school activity leaders and interviews with 5 supervisors. The non-random pilot of this research consists of (23) school activity leaders from elementary, intermediate and secondary schools and (5) supervisors in Qatif zone. The research findings pointed out the real effective well-prepared school environment role on the good quality outcomes of school activities in Qatif Area, and that most schools lack the application of quality in school activities. This research will shed light on how effective is the well prepared school environment to enrich the kinds and the effectiveness of school activities according to the quality standards of the Ministry. This emphasizes the role of the Ministry of Education to exert more efforts to prepare schools with required facilities and equipment to facilitate the quality of school activities.

Democratizing knowledge of teaching and learning through student leadership projects

ABSTRACT The central focus of this multilayered educational action research project was three-fold: (1) to provide opportunities for public school student leadership activities grounded in participatory and youth participatory action research; (2) to support a group of teacher-researchers in practicing and innovating in participatory action research frameworks; (3) to practice linking an educational action research project in a local region to the larger movement for democratizing education knowledge production and dissemination. Project participants included 11 teacher-researchers, a staff-developer, a consultant, a university-based faculty member, and students in K-8 schools in the Lehigh Valley region of Eastern Pennsylvania USA. To move from a traditional top-down administrative and curricular decision- making model to a distributed and more democratic model of leadership, the team argues that (1) children must be permitted to play a leading role in their own learning, leading, and researching; (2) teacher offers significant advantages over traditional in-service based professional development models; and (3) in an era of increased deskilling and deprofessionalization, teachers must have the opportunity to reclaim their profession as they conduct research, create new knowledge, and share their findings publicly.

TECHNOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINED LEARNING AS A NEW FORMAT OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF TEACHERS

Introduction. Continuing professional education (CPE) is a strategic resource of cardinal transformations, which are currently taking place in education. The essence of such transformations generally consists in necessary rejection of a subject-information learning model and transition to designing the model of vocational self-development and self-determination.The aimof this research was to reveal the essence of teachers’ professional development as the process of positional self-determination and formation of managerial position. The hypothesis of the study consists in the assumption that the technology of self-determined learning is the institutional form of mastering and implementing the practice of CPE for teachers as a practice of human potential development in the professional and anthropological self-determination of an adult learner.Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis of the study was the comparative educational strategy of CPE, which is embodied in the model of self-determined adult education, focused on the formation of the human ability to manage their own development in an unstable world through the development of new types of cultural thinking and behaviour. The methods of research of teachers’ management position included the system of the following initiatives: interviews, results of group reflections, content-analysis, methods of included observation using video recording of training sessions and educational products.Results and scientific novelty. The complex of diagnostic technologies allowed the authors to establish management positions of teachers (implementer, leader or strategist) and their ability to design the paths of own development and to organise the system of managerial challenges. As the most adequate technological scheme of self-determined learning, the authors tested the mechanism of projectresource management, which regulates the learner’s movement in the educational space from actions carried out in a particular situation in accordance with the circumstances to an activity determined by a local goal, then to the reflection of own activity elevating to the status of a new norm, and, finally, to the reflection of changes in their own position. It was established that the developmental trajectory of human potential in professiogenesis starts from mastering the subject and means of activity (implementer) and passes through building up funds in transforming a special subject of activity (leader) towards designing new standards of means and subject of activity (strategist).The authors introduce the concept of “anthropological self-determination of an adult in the educational process” as the process and the result of formation of own managerial position and development of a new identity in changing life circumstances.Practical significanceof the present research is determined by the possibility of designing educational programmes, which ensure co-organisation of adult students in a single event-activity space based on the mechanisms of project-resource management through the system of managerial challenges.

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Environmental Action Scale (EAS) / Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Escala de Acción Colectiva Ambiental (EACA)

The Environmental Action Scale (EAS) analyses engagement in civic actions which seek to have an environmental impact. The EAS has shown adequate psychometric properties when used with English-speaking samples, but there are no studies assessing how it works in other linguistic and cultural groups. The aim of the study is to present the Spanish version of the EAS along with evidence that supports the utility of the scale to be used in the Spanish population. The Spanish version obtained after the adaptation process was first administered to 277 participants. The results pointed to items that did not function adequately, so a revised version was created and administered to 286 participants. Validity evidence based on internal structure showed that the EAS consistently evaluates two dimensions of the construct: Participation Activities and Leadership Activities. Evidence based on relationships with other variables indicated that the construct is also related to other variables, such as environmental identity and moral convictions.

Medical Education Scholars Program: an approach to development of scholars in education in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Objectives: Medical Education Scholars Program (MESP) has been implemented with the aim of creating and enhancing the knowledge and skills of educational leaders and faculty members, as well as providing the basis for the development of training in academic departments at Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Methods: The program planned for this 8-month course was offered in two sections. Fourteen faculty members participated in the two courses. The first part, which was a once-a-week workshop, included a 3-day workshop on “how to write a developmental proposal in education” and a 3-day “educational leadership” workshop. In the second part, which was a half-day course, was allocated to presenting the project progress report, the educational journal club, the workshops requested by participants on educational leadership, individual studies and counseling with mentors.Results: In a poll, it was concluded that participants were satisfied with the curriculum of MESP and expressed that the program could not only expand their knowledge and skills on how to manage change and educational leadership, but also improve their viewpoint in this regard.Conclusion: MESP can enhance the faculty members’ knowledge and skills in their educational leadership and scholarly activities as a teacher, and increase their accountability as an educational leader. It seems that holding this program and similar programs is essential to improve the quality of education and educational leadership at universities.

The use of visual network scales in teacher leader development

Changes in the age and experience of the US teacher workforce have heightened the need for teacher leaders. Based on network-enhanced leadership development models advocated in the management sector, we developed an activity using Visual Network Scales as a pedagogical tool and assessed its utility within a teacher leader development program. Discourse analysis indicates teachers can discuss networks at both ends of a visual density scale, with discussions aligned to community-oriented leadership activities rather than personal classroom topics. Network analysis provides evidence for hybrid network structures explaining the diverse, concurrent set of local and regional activities ascribed to teacher leaders.

An inductive qualitative approach to explore Nurse Practitioners views on leadership and research: An international perspective.

To explore the ways in which Irish and Australian Nurse Practitioners (NPs) implement leadership and research in their roles and whether there is a difference in how leadership and research are demonstrated between NPs in Ireland and Australia. The original concept of the NP role was to expand nursing practice in order to provide high-quality, accessible health care to patients. This placed NPs at the crux of changes to healthcare delivery. Implementing these changes requires leadership. Research demonstrates the effects of these changes to healthcare delivery and contributes to healthcare knowledge from the nursing profession. In the qualitative phase of a mixed methods study, an interpretative descriptive approach was used to draw on participant experiences. Thirty-eight respondents agreed to be interviewed following an online survey. Ten interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke thematic analysis method. The research complied with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research, COREQ. Ten participants, five NPs from Ireland and five from Australia were interviewed. Four themes emerged from the analysis: (a) Innovative leadership, which included the categories of leadership activities, the work of NPs and trailblazers; (b) Optimism, incorporating pride in achievements, the future outlook for the role and continued innovation of NPs over time; (c) Research, which included the NP research role, research challenges, support and research leadership; and (d) Resilience, which included overcoming resistance, isolation and seeking positive support systems. Nurse Practitioners are clinical leaders focused on improving healthcare delivery for patient populations. There is a lack of understanding of the NP role. Nurse Practitioners lack confidence to be independently research active. Research by NPs requires support from nurses in academia. There is no difference in the role in Ireland and Australia. Nurse Practitioners are engaged in healthcare transformation. Nurse Practitioners require support from research experts in academia to make a significant contribution to nursing knowledge in healthcare delivery.

IS IT WORTH IT? A CASE STUDY EXPLORING VOLUNTEERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF LEADERSHIP TRAINING

Volunteer-based organizations are dependent on volunteers to meet the goals of the organization. Identifying and training volunteers as leaders of the organization is one way to increase positive social change in their community. However, there is limited literature investigating the outcomes of providing leadership training to volunteers. This case study determined participants’ perceptions of a volunteer leadership training experience compared to observations of the actual leadership training. A focus group revealed three themes that were both supported and refuted by observations of the training: (a) the need for refreshers and follow-up trainings, a disconnect between understanding leadership concepts and applying them in the volunteer scenario, and the transfer of for-profit skills and experience to the non-profit setting.

STUDENT LEADERSHIP IN SCHOOL: INTERNALIZATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCE AND CHARACTER

This paper aims to find the effort of internalizing competence and entrepreneurial character of student in Satya Wacana Christian Elementary School and Juniour High School. The method used is a qualitative study through interview, observation and documentation, using data analysis from Spradley by analyzing of domain and its semanctical relation. The results showed that the internalization of entrepreneurial competence and character had been applied through leadership activities so as to form the character and leadership skills of students. This study has implications for the school's efforts to give full attention for students to play a role in leadership activities and to provide support through a curriculum that supports the internalization of entrepreneurial competence and character. Keywords: Entrepreneurial competence, Entrepreneurial character, Entrepreneurship education, Student leadership, Elementary levels.

KEPEMIMPINAN PENDIDIKAN ANTI KORUPSI PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Every organization and all organizations of any kind must have and need a leader and the highest leader (top leader) or the highest manager (top manager) who must carry out leadership activities (leadership action) or management (management) for the whole organization as a whole. The leader is the first person, like a ship captain who must direct the course of the ship, in a container called the organization.
 Anti-corruption education can be interpreted as an effort to minimize and eradicate corruption through education. Education is chosen as one of the alternatives to eradicate corruption because education itself has two essential functions, namely growing creativity and instilling and socializing noble values.
 Islam as a religion and a system of values plays an important role in providing enlightenment, moral awareness, mental improvement, and moral improvement by utilizing existing potential. Therefore, existing Islamic leaders must be the main role models to move towards moral revolution through the enlightenment of religious thought which liberates human behaviors with a mentality of corruption.
 
 Keywords: Leadership, Anti-Corruption Education, Islamic Education Perspective