Leadership Activities Research Articles

Forging Unity: European Commission Leadership in the Brexit Negotiations.

This article explains why the European Union has remained strikingly cohesive during the Brexit withdrawal negotiations by focussing on the role played by its negotiator: the European Commission'’s Task Force 50. The analysis demonstrates that the Task Force 50 set out to forge unity among the EU27 by exercising both subtle instrumental and direct political leadership. The Commission significantly influenced the outcome of the negotiations by shaping the agenda and process, brokering deals, and ultimately achieving a withdrawal agreement that all member states signed up to. Its transparent and consultative behaviour generated trust among member states, which allowed the Commission to play such a prominent role. These findings challenge the prevailing view that the EU has become increasingly intergovernmental at expense of the Commission. Drawing on original interviews, the article substantiates this argument by tracing the Commission's leadership activities in the run‐up to and throughout the withdrawal negotiations (2016–20).

Do Ideals Differ and Matter? An Investigation of Authentic Leadership Ideals Among Norwegian Military Officers Across Generations – and Its Impact on Leadership Practice

The aim of the present study was to learn more about the content of leadership ideals among Norwegian military officers, and to what degree such ideals influence the officers’ actual leadership practice. We have also explored possible generational differences between generation X officers (born between 1965 and 1980) and generation Y officers (born between 1980 and 1998) related to leadership ideals. The sample consisted of 117 younger and 91 older Norwegian officers. The ideals framing the study were operationalized as authentic leadership (AL), portrayed in the literature as an ideal form of leadership. The results showed that the officers in both generations perceived all dimensions of AL as ideal. Younger officers, however, perceived an internalized moral perspective and balanced processing as less ideal than their older colleagues. No relationship between AL ideals and practice was found for the sample, after controlling for the effect of self-evaluations. However, the results indicated a positive influence of ideals among the young officers. These results are discussed in relation to the existing literature and practical implications. Suggestions for future studies are also outlined.

Developing leadership skills by participating in a peer-led committee of junior doctors.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background. This article uses a case study approach to describe and analyse how a peer-led committee was used to develop leadership skills among junior doctors. Junior doctors are a potentially powerful group of leaders within the healthcare sector, yet more senior staff members may encounter difficulty engaging with this group. Leadership and engagement are essential for optimal functioning of an organisation. Alternatives. Typical methods used to develop leadership skills and promote engagement with leadership activities include higher degrees, short courses, coaching, and experiential learning activities. One alternative can be to use experiential learning that has be informed by situated learning theory and the concept of communities of practice. Solution. A peer-led committee of junior doctors was established using to develop leadership skills and promote engagement with leadership activities. The committee was designed to address five features of a community of practice: mutual engagement, joint enterprise, shared repertoire, learning, and community. This peer-led committee included elected roles and met regularly out of hours over two sites within the Southern District Health Board, New Zealand. Recommendations. This intervention was well-received by junior doctors and has been sustained in the Southern District Health Board. A peer-led committee structured with the features of a community of practice may be useful method for others to use when they seek to promote and support the development leadership skills of junior doctors.

Communication of a leader

Effective communication is the most important skill a leader can have. It is thanks to her that he achieves his goals and is effective in action and influencing the environment. The article deals with the topic of skilful communication of a leader. The authors of the publication characterized the process of social communication aimed at causing the recipient of information to change the consciousness intended by the sender. Communication skills are presented as a trait of a leader, as well as trust in him as one of the most important conditions for its effectiveness. The personality trait of charisma was also discussed, thanks to which the person possessing it owes unquestionable authority in people and influence on them. It is often the most succinct way of describing the trait that distinguishes effective leaders from subordinates. In order to analyse the quality of communication in the managed team, the study contains sets of questions that should be answered by the leader. They contain questions to be asked when analysing the process of giving direction, analysing your level of empathy for feedback in the communication process and building team morale, and analysing the process of your leadership activity towards your team members. The publication also characterizes the performance of a leader in a multicultural environment and describes models of the leadership process.

Pope Francis Describes What Is True and Holy in Islam

On October 28,1965, the Catholic Church reported to her sons and daughters that she rejects nothing that is true and holy in the world religions. She regards with sincere reverence those ways of conduct and of life, those precepts and teachings which, though differing in many aspects from the ones she holds and sets forth, nonetheless often reflect a ray of that Truth which enlightens all people (Vatican II, Declaration Nostra aetate., no. 2). This article answers the question: What is true and holy in Islam according to the actual leader of the Catholic Church: Pope Francis? A landmark in MuslimChristian relations was reached with the visit of Pope Francis to the United Arab Emirates and the publication of a joint document with the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar in 2019. Within a general framework of Pope Francis's thought the article inquiries his specific vision of Muslims and Islam. It critically comments on what Pope Francis wrote on Muslims and Islam in his programatic letter Evangelii gaudium in which he pours out all his soul, mind, heart and dream. Pope Francis weaves very well his thought on Islam and Muslims with the Second Vatican Council's teaching. At the core of his reflections lies the concept of authentic religion that excludes any form of violence.

A Process Model of Corporate Venture Capital as External Innovation Capability: The Case of JetBlue Technology Ventures

This paper presents a process model of corporate venture capital (CVC) based on field research of JetBlue Technology Ventures (JTV), the CVC unit of JetBlue Airways. We examine how the JTV subsidiary was designed and staffed to enable effective interaction with the company’s internal innovation process to create enduring strategic value for JetBlue as well as for the startup companies involved in these interactions. We provide in-depth insight into the CVC process by identifying the interlocking strategic leadership activities at multiple levels of management (top-middle-operational) through which the CVC subsidiary works with VCs and startups, relates to JetBlue’s internal innovation process within different time horizons, and architects and develops a new partner ecosystem to help the company extend its capabilities.

Twenty-Five Years of the Partners in Policymaking<sup>®</sup> Leadership Institute: A Longitudinal Survey of Tennessee Alumni

Partners in Policymaking^® is a leadership and advocacy training program for adults with disabilities and family members of persons with disabilities. The Tennessee Council on Developmental Disabilities began implementing this intensive seven-weekend program in 1993. <i>Objectives</i>: The lasting influence of such a training program on the advocacy practices and leadership activities of graduates once they have completed the program has not been examined; this was the aim of the study. <i>Methods</i>: A follow-up survey seeking to quantify graduates’ current levels of advocacy, community involvement, accomplishments, and overall satisfaction with the training experience was created and sent to 361 graduates across a variety of formats; one hundred and thirty-five individuals completed the measure. <i>Results</i>: The findings suggest that program completion had a lasting impact on participants’ disability-related knowledge, advocacy, and self-assessed ability to create change in disability-related policy. Specifically, a majority of the graduates affirmed increases in leadership skills, leadership ability, and sense of empowerment. In addition, graduates reported increased feelings of connectedness to others with similar life experiences, with a majority even reporting increased quality of life due to participation. <i>Conclusions</i>: Use of a structured training program in leadership and advocacy to increase perceived self-efficacy in disability policy advocacy and leadership is supported. Graduates’ qualitative comments reveal enduring community activism and engagement in systems change, including statewide and national disability-related policy advocacy, years after completing the program.

СЧАСТЛИВЫЙ ВЫБОР НА ВСЮ ОСТАВШУЮСЯ ЖИЗНЬ! ПАМЯТИ ЗАСЛУЖЕННОГО ДЕЯТЕЛЯ НАУКИ РСФСР, ПОЧЕТНОГО ГРАЖДАНИНА ГОРОДА ТОМСКА, ЗАСЛУЖЕННОГО ПРОФЕССОРА ТГУ АЛЕКСАНДРА ПЕТРОВИЧА БЫЧКОВА

The article is dedicated to the memory of Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov, an Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Honorary Citizen of Tomsk, Honored Professor of Tomsk State University (TSU). In the first 10 years of service at Tomsk State University, Bychkov made a career from an assistant professor to a university rector, heading TSU in 1967 and leaving this post 16 years later, in 1983. Defending his doctoral dissertation in 1966, Bychkov became the first Doctor of Economics in Tomsk after the Revolution and was elected head of the Department of Political Economy at TSU. Understanding the importance and necessity of developing economic education in Siberia, Bychkov made great efforts to open a new specialty – political economy – at TSU. On Bychkov’s initiative, an economic laboratory was opened at TSU. In 1969, the Academic Council for the defense of candidate and doctoral dissertations in economic, philosophical, and legal sciences was opened at Tomsk State University, and Bychkov became the chairman of the council. In fact, TSU became a basic university in the formation of scientific, methodological, organizational, and informational work in the field of economic education in entire Western and Eastern Siberia. Bychkov’s main areas of research were property relations, the economic foundations of federalism in Russia. In the economic literature at that time there were lively discussions on the effectiveness of management, material incentives and planning in the socialist economy. There were not only discussions, but also numerous reforms and reorganizations in the economic life of the country, which affected the development of the economy, had an impact on the quality of the social life of society, on the development of science and education. The initiated reform was the development of an initiative to improve economic activity at enterprises through the active involvement of scientific and educational institutions. Along with scientific, educational and methodological work, he organized social and educational work to disseminate knowledge, increase economic literacy among the population of the region. In 1974 Bychkov headed the Socioeconomic Problems of the Development of Siberia and the Far East Problem Council of the Ministry of Higher Education of the RSFS. In the 1970s–1980s he headed the West Siberian sector for organizing students’ research work. The article discusses the main milestones in the life of Aleksandr Bychkov. The significance of his methodological and leadership activities related to the formation and development of economic education in Tomsk and in Siberia in general is investigated; the directions of scientific activity are analyzed; the role in the formation of his own scientific school and the relationship of the investigated problems with the contemporary urgent tasks of economic science and education in Russia are shown. The entire period of Bychkov’s work in Tomsk as an associate professor, professor, head of department and rector of Tomsk State University can be considered a period of the formation, growth and qualitative development of economic education and science not only at TSU, but throughout Siberia. Today, a large number of his students and followers head departments of the economic profile and institutes of almost all Siberian universities.

Activities and characteristics of instructional school leadership from the perspective of elementary school principals

This paper shows results of an empirical study on characteristics of instructional school leadership conducted on the sample of 30 Croatian elementary school principals. Two research questions were asked: 1. How elementary school principals describe and comment instructional school leadership activities that they conduct in their schools, observing them from their own role’s perspective and instructional goals that they want to achieve and 2. How elementary school principals describe and experience circumstances that have an impact on initiation and implementation of previously described instructional school leadership activities. In regards to set questions, elementary qualitative interpretative research approach was used. Data was gathered using written interview, whereas the results of thematic content analysis revealed two key thematic categories: the list of most conducted instructional school leadership activities and key interactions of principals during the implementation of instructional school leadership. Variabilities in the implementation of instructional school leadership in several aspects were observed, out of which key instructional school leadership’s contents and outcomes focused on the strengthening of students’ and teachers’ capacities are singled out as well as roles and principals’ relationship in interaction with various subjects.

The Indispensable Liabilities of Leaders in Times of Covid-19 Pandemic

This explanatory paper seeks to examine domestic and international competences of world&nbsp; leaders towards the organizations in COVID-19. In this crisis phase, the organization empowers&nbsp; leader’s critical competences to survive in the crucial business environment. The role of leaders&nbsp; in this Pandemic ramification is exclusively meticulous. The particular research question that&nbsp; drives this work is: what leadership skills are needed during crises? And what is it? What are the&nbsp; critical competences which help their organizations during and post-crisis? In this manuscript,&nbsp; we have some literature-based descriptions from foreign and domestic perspectives as necessary&nbsp; competences for leadership activities a worldwide epidemic. We discussed leadership skills&nbsp; needed in period of disasters, accompanied by discussing best practices leadership in various&nbsp; ways and new reflections for top management analysts and professionals post a financial crisis. This study highlights and extends a few appropriate leadership qualities and competences which&nbsp; are highly useful for all the current leaders and organizations.&nbsp;

Мурманская область, 1941 год в «Дневнике войны» M. И. Старостина.

The diary entries of the party leader of the war years -the first secretary of the Murmansk regional committee of the CPSU (b), Maxim Ivanovich Starostin, are considered. Special attention is paid tothe records reflecting the administrative and economic aspects of the regional leadership activities, so as military everyday life of the city Murmansk in 1941.The main problems that the regional administration dealt with at the initial stage of the military clash between Germany and the USSR are highlighted. The leadership was intensively and regularly engaged in mobilizing regional resources, starting in the fallof 1941. The most important issues that required constant attention of M. I. Starostin during this period were a) provision of food for civilians and military personnel, b) replenishment of weapons and ammunition, c) attraction of individual groups of workers, d) evacuation of industrial facilities and the population of the frontline territories. It is concluded that the source is of great value for studying the front-line territories during the Great Patriotic War, the organization of command and control in military conditions, the problems of interaction between regions, front and rear, as well as the role of the leader's personality.

Assessing the Impact of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Visiting Scholar Program.

The primary objective of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA)-Children's Orthopaedics in Underserved Regions (COUR) Visiting Scholar Program is to engage emerging leaders from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in POSNA educational offerings. This study aims to outline the educational and leadership activities pursued by the alumni of the POSNA-COUR Visiting Scholars Program. We hypothesized that there may be a discrepancy between visiting scholar interest level and actual participation in key follow-up educational and leadership activities. A 32-question online survey developed by the POSNA-COUR committee was electronically delivered to the POSNA-COUR visiting scholarship recipients from 2007 to 2019. The survey inquired about scholars' educational background, clinical practice, and academic interests. Respondents also reported educational, research, and leadership activities that occurred following program participation. Fifty-seven percent (44/77) of the previous scholars participated in the survey. Sixty-eight percent reported that >75% of their practice was comprised of pediatric patients. The COUR scholarship afforded 15 scholars the opportunity to attend their first educational conference in North America. The majority (86%) of respondents consulted POSNA members on care-related issues, 52% organized a POSNA member's visit to their country, and 13% have become members of POSNA. Scholars shared their knowledge with colleagues through lectures (73%), demonstration of surgical skills (63%), mentorship (59%), hosting local courses (43%), and research (14%). There was a significant discrepancy between interest and actual participation in research (98% vs. 16%, P<0.0001), hosting a regional course (98% vs. 43%, P<0.0001), and becoming a member of POSNA (96% vs. 13%, P<0.0001). The POSNA-COUR Visiting Scholar Program is effective at providing beneficial educational opportunities to orthopaedic surgeons from LMICs. There is, however, a significant discrepancy between reported scholar interest and actual engagement in leadership endeavors including: research, organization of regional courses, and POSNA membership. The impact of the POSNA-COUR visiting scholar program can be enhanced through collaboration with scholarship alumni in these key areas. Level IV-case series.

How aspiring principals applied course-based learning to develop school improvement plans

PurposeSchool improvement planning and implementation is one organizational process by which principals may positively impact school and student outcomes. Limited research, however, has explored how principal preparation programs prepare aspiring leaders for this common school leadership activity. This study examined aspiring principals engaged in the school improvement process by evaluating what they included in their school improvement plans (SIPs) that were developed as part of their field experience.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined SIPs aspiring principals collaboratively developed as part of their field experience. Using an abductive analysis method, combining both deductive and inductive coding methods, authors examined 77 SIPs in which aspiring principals used school level data in planning.FindingsEach aspiring principal's SIP was contextually specific. No two plans were identical relative to who was targeted for improvement and how the plan was to be implemented, indicating aspiring principals can apply course-based learning and implement important data-driven decision-making skills in field-based school improvement projects.Research limitations/implicationsFindings are exploratory and limited to SIPs developed by aspiring principals in one university program in one large urban school district context. The findings that specific requirements and program structures affected the aspiring principal's school improvement planning process as did the overall school context adds to current understandings of how course-based learning is applied. However, further investigations are needed.Practical implicationsFindings provide evidence of how school leadership preparation programs may impact leadership development relative to skills associated with school improvement planning. The findings also suggest the importance of detailed analysis of aspiring principals school improvement planning as a program evaluation process.Originality/valueThis study was the first to document the content of aspiring principals' field-based SIPS and how skills in data-driven decision-making were applied in a SIP field-based activity.

Impact of an experiential learning curriculum on youth developmental assets in alternative high schools

ABSTRACT Adventure-based learning is used by behavioral health providers to connect clients to therapeutic activities outside traditional settings. These approaches often aim to build internal and external assets that support positive youth development. Here we evaluate the impact of an experiential learning curriculum on youth development and identify program characteristics that support development of positive assets. The evaluation included classroom field observations, a pre/post survey of developmental assets, semi-structured student interviews, and focus groups with school employees. Program staff were successful creating a supportive environment, but there was no significant difference in average student asset scores before and after each course. Students described the program as an opportunity to explore their own backyard while stepping outside their comfort zone through teamwork and leadership activities. Evaluation of individual programs can build a suite of best practices for adventure-based education. In particular, emphasis on “challenge by choice” and youth-led activities resonated with students.

Global trends in continuing medical education and continuing development: A proposal for implementation in Korea

This study is to introduce an effective and systematic accreditation and evaluation system of continuing medical education (CME) and continuing professional development (CPD) in Korea, suitable for the future development, and based on the review of the characteristics of well-recognized systems implemented in western countries such as the US and Canada. CME and CPD comprise programs that expand the clinical knowledge and skills required of physicians as well as educational activities aiming to maintain, develop, and increase knowledge, specialized skills, or performance standards for provision of better medical services. These include not only self-directed activities but also official activities, such as leadership activities, professional development, and evaluation of the practitioner’s level of knowledge and competence. Recently, continuing education for doctors has emphasized CPD, centered around learners, in a departure from CME, centered around educators. Each CME/CPD program in the US and Canada has unique features. However, they share common features of self-directed learning, competency-based education, and evaluation. Although there are remain problems, the Continuing Medical Education Accreditation and Evaluation Council of the Korean Medical Association, as a unique accreditation authority for CME, is currently developing a new CME/CPD system, which would constitute an idealistic onesystem for Korean physicians oriented toward future development, designed to fulfill standards equivalent to that of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education or any other internationally well-recognized organization.

Characterizing components of and attendance at resident-driven Housing First programming in the context of community-based participatory research.

This secondary study characterized components of and engagement in the life-enhancing alcohol-management program (LEAP), which is resident-driven housing first programming. We used a process akin to conventional content analysis to operationalize the LEAP according to its component activities. We used generalized linear modeling to identify predictors of LEAP activity participation and to predict alcohol and quality-of-life outcomes from participation in specific LEAP activities categories. Overall, 86% of participants attended at least one LEAP activity, which comprised three categories: administrative leadership opportunities, meaningful activities, and pathways to recovery. Employment status alone predicted LEAP activity attendance: Employed residents attended 88% fewer LEAP activities than unemployed residents. Participants who sought out more pathways to recovery activities were more likely daily drinkers and more impacted by alcohol-related harm. Those engaging in administrative leadership opportunities were overall less impacted by alcohol use and had a higher quality of life generally, and their alcohol outcomes further improved over time. Programming developed with Housing First residents was well-attended but could be made more inclusive by including evening programming to accommodate residents employed full time and engaging more severely impacted participants in administrative leadership activities, where the greatest benefits of programming were seen.

A Presidência rotativa do Conselho e a governança multinível europeia: a peça-chave no processo de decisão intergovernamental

In the post-Lisbon constitutional architecture, the rotating presidency of the Council of Ministers of the European Union remains a vital part of intergovernmental decision-making. Its leadership activity is mainly behind closed doors to avoid the politicization of legislative processes. This study aims to contextualize the presidency as a crucial part of European integration due to its position between formal and informal processes. Informality gives the presidency time to create consensus and be flexible in its negotiation. Despite large countries’ attempts to reduce the importance of the rotating presidency, small states have resisted this temptation. In this contribution, the rotating presidency is seen from the point of view of European integration theory which is discussed in depth. Some notes follow on what can be expected in terms of the behaviour of the German and Portuguese presidencies in the new 2020-21 team presidency cycle.

Seeking sustainable ways for school development: teachers’ and principals’ views regarding teacher leadership

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the understanding and actualization of teacher leadership among teachers and principals in the school development process. Teacher leadership is considered a powerful concept by providing teachers with the opportunity to contribute to sustainable school development by supporting professional development among their colleagues and improving teaching practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in five Estonian schools with sixteen teachers and five principals. Deductive and inductive approaches were applied to data analysis. Three analysis themes were used: 1) understanding of teacher leadership characteristics and activities of a teacher leader; 2) the impact and; 3) the conditions for teacher leadership. The results revealed that although some of the characteristics and activities coincided with earlier findings, teachers and principals in this study had a rather limited understanding of teacher leadership. Therefore, we argue that the concept of teacher leadership should be introduced much more systematically during initial teacher education and should be fundamental to the continuing professional development of the school development program. Furthermore, principals need to improve their skills as they play an influential role in creating a school environment that supports teachers to take the initiative.

Becoming a Physical Activity Leader (PAL): Skills, Responsibilities, and Training

A comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) is a multi-component approach that aims to provide opportunities for students to meet the nationally recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day and for students to be well-equipped to be active for life. In order for a CSPAP to be effectively implemented, it should be led by a trained physical activity leader (PAL). This review summarizes recent literature related to the roles and responsibilities of a PAL, various outlets in which aspiring PALs can be trained, and the potential effectiveness of PAL-led CSPAPs.

A 5-Year Review of the Designated Leadership Positions of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH)

Despite near equal representation of women in medical schools since 2008, the percentage of women in surgical subspecialties has remained low. Hand surgery accounts for one of the highest percentages of women, at 19%. Ascension to leadership positions has not yet been fully studied among this group. Our study examined whether increased female representation translated to representation at different levels within the organization. The 2014 to 2018 membership rosters were obtained from the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) and compared by gender. Leadership and volunteer committee positions were evaluated as published in the annual ASSH Committee Reference Book. Leadership positions were defined as appointment to committee chair or Council or acceptance to the Young Leaders Program. Rates of engagement were compared for each of the leadership activities. When available, the time for advancement through various leadership positions was also analyzed by gender. Between 2014 and 2018, the percentage of female ASSH Active Members steadily increased from 11% to 14%. Engagement in early career activities such as committees and the Young Leaders Program also increased: committee positions from 16% to 17% and Young Leaders Program membership from 27% to 40% female representation across the same period. Relative to the overall number of eligible females in the society, women applied at a greater rate and achieved positions at an average of 2 years earlier than their male counterparts. There is a steady increase in the percentage of women within the ASSH. Female ASSH members applied for early career leadership positions at a higher rate and achieved these positions earlier than their male counterparts. This may indicate that future women leaders are appropriately supported in the organization. The ASSH has been committed to increasing gender and ethnic diversity. Early analysis demonstrates an increase in women surgeons' participation in early career leadership activities within the society.