LCD Glass Research Articles

탄소-아라미드 복합소재 로봇암의 진동감쇠 물성시험과 전산해석

In accordance with the increase in demand for LCDs and the increasing industry competition with higher productivity, the size of LCD glass has been gradually increasing. When transferring a robot hand by setting up an LCD panel, the vibration increases the inertia and load of up and down motion, rotational motion, and mobile motion of the whole robot. With regards to the up and down motion of the robot hand, when time is short on study of the vibration reduction. In this paper, we evaluate the structural arm of an LCD robot by using finite element analysis and fast Fourier transform (FFT). An impact test of the arm, which is made from the composite materials of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) and Kevlar fiber reinforced plastics (KFRP) for lightweight and damping, was conducted.

Analytical Model of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity of Waste LCD Glass Concrete

The purpose of this study is to establish a prediction model for the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of waste LCD glass concrete and then analyze the results obtained from a series of laboratory tests. The power function is used to perform the nonlinear-multivariate regression analysis of the UPV prediction model, with parameters such as water-binder ratio (w/b), curing age (t) and waste glass content (G). According to the relative regression analysis, the UPV prediction model is developed. The calculated results are in accord with the laboratory- measured data, which are the concrete UPV of various mix proportions. The regression analysis results show that a good agreement is obtained using the proposed prediction model. Therefore, the predicted results for UPV are highly accurate for waste LCD glass applied in concrete. Additionally, the proposed prediction model exhibits a good predictive capacity when it is adapted to calculate the UPV of high-performance recycled liquid crystal glass concrete (HPGC), as performed in a previous study. However, further study is needed as regards applying the proposed prediction model to other ranges of mixture parameters.

PENGGUNAAN CAMPURAN PLASTIK DAN KACA KITAR SEMULA SEBAGAI AGREGAT GANTIAN DALAM CAMPURAN BERASFALT

The major problem in landfill is the large amount of solid wastes dumped in landfill. Waste plastics and glass contribute greatly to the problem and this needs to be managed in order to extend the life of landfill sites. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using these waste materials in asphalt mixtures for pavement applications. The mixtures were designed by means of the Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements (Superpave) method. Various types of recycled waste plastics and glasses; namely bottle glass, LCD glass and sheet glass were selected in this study. Approximately 5% of recycled materials (by the total weight of asphalt mixtures) were used as an aggregate replacement. In this study, asphalt mixtures were aged in the laboratory to simulate the in-situ conditions of short-term and long-term ageing. After completion, samples were tested for resilient modulus, dynamic creep and static creep tests. It was found that replacements of 1% recycled plastics and 4% recycled glass show almost similar and satisfactory result compared to control sample for all tests. Consequently, recycled plastics and recycled glass, at their optimum blending, can be considered feasible to be used as an aggregate replacement in asphalt mixtures for road surfacing.

Prediction of Compressive Strength Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity for CLSM with Waste LCD Glass Concrete

Prediction of Compressive Strength Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity for CLSM with Waste LCD Glass Concrete

상향식 공정분석을 통한 국내 유리산업의 온실가스 인벤토리 산정

The glass production is classified into an energy intensive industry. This study develops a systematic procedure to derive Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission inventory for the Korean glass industry. Based on the bottom-up approach in which the energy intensity in each production process is characterized, the EBs (energy balances) of glass production processes are derived. And the GHG emission is calculated for each of four types of glasses-flat glass, container glass, fiber glass, and LCD glass.

Redox Reaction of Multivalent Ions in Glass Melts

The redox reaction M (x+n) + n/2O ?2 + M x+ + n/4O₂ of multivalent ions in glass melts influences the melting process and final properties of the glass including the fining (removal of bubbles), infrared absorption and homogenization of melts, reaction between metal electrodes and melts or refractory and melts, and transmission and color of glass. In this review paper, the redox behaviors that occur frequently in the glass production process are introduced and the square wave voltammetry (SWV) is described in detail as an in situ method of examining the redox behavior of multivalent ions in the melt state. Finally, some voltammetry results for LCD glass melts are reviewed from the practical viewpoint of SWV.

폐 평판디스플레이 패널유리의 재활용 연구 동향

Although Korea is a top market sharing and world leading producer and developer of flat panel display devices, relevant recycling technology is not up to her prestigious status. Besides, most of the waste glass arising from flat panel displays is currently land-filled. The present paper mainly reviews on development of recycling systems for waste TFT-LCD glass from end-of-life LCD TVs and monitors and TFT-LCD process waste of crushed glass particles with target end uses of raw material for high strength concrete pile and glass fibers, respectively. Waste LCD glass was recycled to fabricate ingredients for high strength concrete piles with enhanced physical properties and spherical foam products. The waste LCD glass recycling technology is already developed to fabricate long and short fibers at commercial level. In view of these, future R & D on waste LCD glass materials is to be directed toward implementation of commercial materials recycling system therefrom.

LCD waste glass as a substitute for feldspar in the porcelain sanitary ware production

LCD glasses belong to the alkali-free alumino-borosilicate system and thus exhibit different properties from the traditional soda lime silicate glasses. In the present work, the replacement of feldspar by the waste glasses produced from LCD manufacturers was performed for porcelain sanitary ware. As the amount of LCD waste glasses increases, the sintered body showed a dense microstructure due to the rich liquid phase. Even under full replacement of feldspar, there was no pyroplastic deformation, except the exudation of liquid to the surface. The microstructure and mullite content were discussed in terms of the apparent viscosity and LCD glass composition, respectively. It is expected that LCD waste glasses enable the sanitary ware industry to save both raw material and energy simultaneously.

Predictive models of hardened mechanical properties of waste LCD glass concrete

Predictive models of hardened mechanical properties of waste LCD glass concrete

ACF를 이용한 COG 접합 공정에서 도전볼의 음영비와 접촉 저항과의 관계

Chip on glass (COG) bonding using anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is a key technology to assemble a driver IC onto a LCD glass panel. In this paper, an experimental investigation was conducted to investigate the correlation between contact resistance and characteristics of image taken by machine vision based inspection system. The results show that the contact resistance was strongly influenced by the contrast ratio of conductive particle rather than the number of conductive particles. Also, number of conductive particles whose contrast ratio is below 0.75 is crucial for determining the quality of the assembled samples. On the other hand, in the result of high temperature high humidity storage test, the contrast ratio of samples was increased. However, in the case of open-circuit samples after temperature humidity storage test, the number of conductive particles whose contrast ratio is above 0.75 was more than that of the closed-circuit samples.

A predictive model for compressive strength of waste LCD glass concrete by nonlinear-multivariate regression

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to develop a prediction model for the compressive strength of waste LCD glass applied in concrete by analyzing a series of laboratory test results, which were obtained in our previous study. The hyperbolic function was used to perform the nonlinear-multivariate regression analysis of the compressive strength prediction model with the following parameters: water-binder ratio w/b , curing age t, and waste glass content G. According to the relative regression analysis, the compressive strength prediction model is developed. The calculated results are in accord with the laboratory measured data, which are the concrete compressive strengths of different mix proportions. In addition, a coefficient of determination R 2 value between 0.93 and 0.96 and a mean absolute percentage error MAPE between 5.4% and 8.4% were obtained by regression analysis using the predicted compressive analysis value, and the test results are also excellent. Therefore, the predicted results for compressive strength are highly accurate for waste LCD glass applied in concrete. Additionally, this predicted model exhibits a good predictive capacity when employed to calculate the compressive strength of washed glass sand concrete.

Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display Cullet: A Raw Material for Production of Commercial Soda Lime Silicate Glasses

Abstract Alkali free alumino-borosilicate display glasses that serve as the window in a TFT-LCD (hereafter LCD) device not only have few impurities but also high homogeneity to guarantee the quality of the display. These characteristics of LCD glasses enable the possibility of recycling LCD glass cullet as a raw material for commercial soda lime silicate glasses from the perspectives of the raw material costs and the energy saving. In the present work, several batches containing LCD cullet for two commercial model glasses were prepared and melted in the laboratory. According to several properties of the melts and the glasses, there was no serious change in the properties with up to 9 wt% replacement of the flint glass and 11 wt% replacement of the low iron flat glass by the LCD cullet. Currently, LCD cullet is being used successfully in a number of industrial plants for the production of flint glass in Korea. Two-thirds of flint bottle glasses contain B2O3 component derived from LCD cullet.

Processing of Electronic Glass Scrap Recycling

Among the diverse types of waste, glass is one of the most adequate recycling materials because it can be revived and recycled completely and hardly decomposes. The glass recycle process basically inv olves collecting, sorting, then crushing and grinding after which glass cullet is produced as the secondary raw material. Removing of the contaminants from the glass cullet, and then melting are the next steps. LCD glass, PCBs and CRT are recycled to fabri cate new products.In this study, recent developments in the recycling of glass, are discussed in terms of glass production processes . It was concluded that CRT, LCD and PCBs are popular resources of glass recycling and they can be used in different applic ations.

Preparation of spherical foamed body with function of media for waste water treatment by using waste LCD glass

Using waste LCD glass as a base material helped developed the manufacturing process of the spherical foamed body and its varied functionality. Also, the manufactured spherical foamed body showed great performance as a water treatment media. By mixing 90wt% of waste LCD glass, 100 parts by weight of glass mixture that has 10wt% kaolinite as a shaping agent, 1.0 part by weight of carbon foaming agent, and mixture of each 1.5 parts by weight of Na2CO3, CaCO3 and Na2SO4 as foaming agents and the MgO as a parting agent for 10min of foaming calcination in the rotary kiln at 970–1000°C, the spherical foamed body can be manufactured effectively. The manufactured spherical foamed body performed as a great water treatment media by showing 70.5% of SS removal efficiency, 56.1% of BOD removal efficiency, 57.5% of COD removal efficiency, 28.6% of denitrification and 49.8% of phosphorous removal.

A study on the macro and micro properties of concrete with LCD glass

This study produced cement mortar samples with a water-to-binder ratio of 0.485 by adding 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% of waste liquid crystal glass as a replacement for cement, and also used glass sand as a replacement for natural sand (by 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and glass powder of different fineness (3850, 6500cm2/g) as a replacement for cement, in order to explore the effects of replacing silica-rich waste glass for cement and replacing waste glass for natural sand on the micro-observations and macro-observations of concrete. The results indicated that, by replacing waste liquid crystal glass for the cement in cement mortar, setting time and compressive strength increased as the proportions of substitute increased, while sodium sulfate resistance showed optimal results when 10% was replaced. The 20% glass sand concrete for the three different mix designs retained good slump and slump flow. The compressive strengths of the concrete with glass sand replacement were higher than the design strengths. Moreover, the durability of the concrete with 20% glass sand replacement was better than that of the control group. Surface resistivity for specimens with different amounts of LCD glass sand replacement was also higher than that in the control group for mid- to long-curing ages. Sulfate attack in concrete with different amounts of glass sand replacement caused less weight loss than in the control group. Moderate chloride ion penetration was observed for glass sand concrete. SEM indicated that the structure of cement paste tends to be more compact with lessened porosity and increased interfaced binding affinity when the added glass powder is relatively fine. The result of X-ray Diffract meter analysis indicated that a higher intensity peak of CH and SiO2 appears when the glass sand concentration is relatively high. It is verified that the concrete of normal engineering properties could be achieved by partially replacing waste liquid crystal glass for cement and fine aggregate; the need for natural sand could thereby be reduced, which can contribute to resource recycling and environmental protection.

Investigating the properties of lightweight concrete containing high contents of recycled green building materials

In this study, the cement and aggregate used in lightweight aggregate concrete were replaced with recycled green building materials (e.g., waste LCD glass sand and waste tire rubber particles). The influence of the maximum replacement amount on the fresh mixture (slump, unit weight, setting time, bleeding), hardened (compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity) and durability (quadruple type resistance and length change) was investigated to determine the influence of high contents of recycled aggregate and recycled pozzolanic admixtures on the properties of the concrete. The findings showed that the addition of recycled green building materials maintained good workability of the concrete as the replaced amount increased. The unit weight was reduced by approximately 1.4times (600kg/m3); the setting time and bleeding rate were increased by 1.5times (73min and 190min) and 1.4times (8%), respectively. The compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and length change were reduced by 9.8times (37.18MPa), 1.4times (1131m/s) and 3.7times (−0.115%), respectively. The resistance was increased by 1.8times (27.8kΩcm). A database will be constructed in the future for related studies to facilitate an increase in waste recycling value and to maximize the environmental protection benefits.

63.3: Best Practices in Strength Testing of LCD Glass

AbstractThis paper provides general guidelines and watch outs while conducting strength testing on LCD glass. Importance of failure modes, large deflections, membrane stresses, failure locations, device design, fatigue, fractography and strain gauging are discussed in this paper. It also gives an example on why panels cannot be treated as monolithic glass when calculating the strength.

25.2: Invited Paper: ESD and EOS Impacts during Module Assembly Processes for Display Panels

AbstractIn the manufacturing process of the display module assembly, from the integration of PCB and LCD glass to each module to be assembled, there will be a lot of transferred moving and contacted behavior by equipment or personnel, inevitably. Therefore, the ESD and EOS phenomenon occurring in those production processes will impact the reliability of finished or semi‐finished products owing to the damage of ESD/EOS sensitive semiconductor elements. The failure processes and root causes have been addressed to improve the production yield of LCM for display panels.

Indium recovery from discarded LCD panel glass by solvent extraction

Indium is one of the key components in an LCD. In this work a potential recycling method involving leaching and solvent extraction was studied. Leaching of crushed LCD glass was investigated using HCl, HNO3, or H2SO4. Results of leaching kinetics showed that nearly complete leaching of indium can be achieved using 1M HCl and 1M H2SO4 in less than 8h. A screening test was performed for the extraction and separation of indium from HCl or H2SO4 with DEHPA, TBP, and Cyanex 272 or Cyanex 923. More than 99% of indium from the aqueous feed can be recovered with a purity of 90%, by extracting metal ions from 1M or 0.1M H2SO4 to 0.1M DEHPA diluted in kerosene, and back-extracting with 1M HCl.

Production of alumino-borosilicate foamed glass body from waste LCD glass

A foaming process for waste LCD glass is presented, in which waste LCD glass is recycled to produce alumino-borosilicate foamed glass, which can eventually be used as a heat-insulating material, a light-weight aggregate for civil engineering applications, or a carrier for sewage treatment. The effects on waste LCD glass foaming of a variety of carbon foaming agents, metal salt foaming agents, and bonding agents are examined, as well as other factors such as chemical composition, foaming temperature, and grain size of the raw materials from the waste LCD glass. After examining all the variables that influence the foaming process, it was confirmed that the waste LCD glass is suitable as a raw material for producing alumino-borosilicate foamed glass. The alumino-borosilicate foamed glass has excellent physical properties, with density less than 0.14g/cm3, heat conductivity less than 0.054W/(mK) @20°C, bending strength more than 35N/cm2, compressive strength more than 39N/cm2 and a coefficient of linear thermal expansion less than 4.5×10−6m/m°C. This clearly shows that the lightweight alumino-borosilicate foamed glass could be useful for various applications.