Layout Techniques Research Articles

A Research on E Learning Model Using Adaptive Classification Method

due to the improvement of records and correspondence upgrades in changed fields, which have moreover stimulated the educational exercise section, accommodative e-gaining knowledge of frameworks are perceived generally of the preeminent eye catching exam areas in separation on-line education. This studies route permits engineers to accumulate a model of goals, inclinations and information of every man or woman client an amazing manner to alter the instructive to his/her desires and traits. The intention of this paper is to blessing the excellent in elegance in accommodative e-mastering frameworks as every different to the normal gaining knowledge of by way of portraying its measurements, plan, layout and hypothetical techniques. We generally tend to moreover feature some opportunities for our destiny work via discovering, dissecting and scrutinizing present frameworks..

A Fully Additive Low-Temperature All-Air Low-Variation Printed/Flexible Electronics With Self-Compensation for Bending: Codesign From Materials, Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Sensing and its electronics based on printed/flexible electronics offer unique attributes of mechanical flexibility of its substrate, hence the unique applications. Nevertheless, one of the ensuing key challenges of flexible-electronics-based sensing is the issues associated with consistency and repeatability of its parameters of the flexible electronics elements/sensors due to their variations, which are sometimes intractable. These may be due to manufacturing variations, aging, when the substrate is bent, and so on. In this article, we describe our codesign between the different chains of the flexible electronics supply chain to derive practically flexible electronics and sensors for applications where the substrate is expected to bend, e.g., in an augmented sensing e-skin smart glove application. This effort includes our fully additive low-temperature all-air low-cost screen printing process, and how we obtain consistency and repeatability. To improve the matching of thin-film transistors—a critical consideration for conditioning sensor outputs—we describe layout techniques where relatively good matching can be achieved, but with area overheads. We describe how we accommodate the variations of printed elements and circuits embodying printed elements when the substrate is bent—a self-compensating means—and propose the application of the same for printed sensors. The cost of our self-compensation means is without power or area overheads, albeit more (uncomplicated) printing steps. We finally describe our process development kit (PDK) encompassing all of the aforesaid to predict the performance of the printed circuits and sensors, including the effects of bending and our proposed self-compensation thereto. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methods based on measurements on printed elements and circuits.

CerebroVis: Designing an Abstract yet Spatially Contextualized Cerebral Artery Network Visualization.

Blood circulation in the human brain is supplied through a network of cerebral arteries. If a clinician suspects a patient has a stroke or other cerebrovascular condition, they order imaging tests. Neuroradiologists visually search the resulting scans for abnormalities. Their visual search tasks correspond to the abstract network analysis tasks of browsing and path following. To assist neuroradiologists in identifying cerebral artery abnormalities, we designed CerebroVis, a novel abstract-yet spatially contextualized-cerebral artery network visualization. In this design study, we contribute a novel framing and definition of the cerebral artery system in terms of network theory and characterize neuroradiologist domain goals as abstract visualization and network analysis tasks. Through an iterative, user-centered design process we developed an abstract network layout technique which incorporates cerebral artery spatial context. The abstract visualization enables increased domain task performance over 3D geometry representations, while including spatial context helps preserve the user's mental map of the underlying geometry. We provide open source implementations of our network layout technique and prototype cerebral artery visualization tool. We demonstrate the robustness of our technique by successfully laying out 61 open source brain scans. We evaluate the effectiveness of our layout through a mixed methods study with three neuroradiologists. In a formative controlled experiment our study participants used CerebroVis and a conventional 3D visualization to examine real cerebral artery imaging data to identify a simulated intracranial artery stenosis. Participants were more accurate at identifying stenoses using CerebroVis (absolute risk difference 13%). A free copy of this paper, the evaluation stimuli and data, and source code are available at osf.io/e5sxt.

Modelagem e simulação de uma proposta de estoque flow rack para otimizar o layout do armazém de medicamentos e reduzir os desperdicíos

Este artigo aplicou técnicas de gestão de estoque e mudança no layout do armazém para a redução de desperdícios de produtos defeituosos, movimentações e processamentos desnecessários em um armazém de uma distribuidora de medicamentos e materiais correlatos. Para tanto, dividiram-se as variáveis do estudo em duas etapas: a primeira diz respeito às dimensões do layout do armazém, as das disposições dos estoques atuais e das dimensões das embalagens dos produtos em estoque; e a segunda refere-se aos dados históricos de vendas como a quantidade vendida e preço de venda dos produtos dos últimos 6 meses. Ademais, utilizou-se os softwares, Allyphama para baixar os dados do histórico de vendas, o Microsoft Excel para gerar planilhas que auxiliassem nos estudos, o AutoCad para gerar as plantas baixas atual e melhorada do armazém e o SolidaWork para modelar e simular a estrutura proposta do estoque flow rack. Como resultado este artigo investigou in loco os desperdícios e constatou que os principais foram: desperdícios de produtos defeituosos (produtos vencidos), de movimentação desnecessária e de processamentos desnecessários. Frente ao constatado, buscou-se melhorar o sistema logístico da empresa com a utilização da modelagem e simulação de uma proposta de estrutura de estoque do tipo flow rack, que obteve uma redução significativa na área utilizada de aproximadamente 35% e consequentemente reduzir os desperdícios supracitados. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a aplicação das técnicas de gestão de estoque e mudança no layout para a redução de desperdícios é de fato benéfica para as organizações e que

A single event upset hardened flip-flop design utilizing layout technique

A novel Quatro-based flip-flop design with low penalty was proposed. By utilizing layout technique, SEU hardness was achieved in this design because of charge sharing between the introduced PMOS transistors. Both the proposed design and the reference flip-flop were fabricated in a 65 nm standard CMOS technology. The pulsed laser experiment results demonstrate that the new design has a larger upset threshold and lower SEU error rate compared with the reference. The area and delay penalties are not significant, i.e., 13% and 37%, respectively.

A Layout Technique to Reduce the Impact of Parasitic Capacitors Within A Capacitor Array on the Nonlinearity of Data Converters

SAR ADC has a moderate speed, Low area and low cost compared to other ADC implementations. The accuracy expected from a commercial SAR ADC is very high and research has been going on for many years to improve the accuracy. The Linearity of the data converters is the key for accuracy. The Integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity errors of data converters are governed by the matching of the unit capacitors/resistors with in capacitor/resistor array. Layout of these arrays can add significant parasitics affecting the nonlinearity of data converters. This paper presents a layout technique to reduce the impact of the parastics on data converter’s nonlinearity.

Rethinking architectural techniques of the Southern Caucasus in the 6th millennium BC: A re-examination of former data and new insights

On the basis of new data coming from recent excavations and the re-examination of former publications, a synthesis of architectural techniques in the Southern Caucasus Neolithic is proposed in this article. Using typological and technological analysis, and taking into account building materials, layout techniques and architectural morphology, an attempt has been made to define the technical characteristics of the Early Neolithic communities in this region. The evolution of architectural techniques consists of a complex and slow phenomenon where technical inertia and regional specificities were merged. Although no major technical change occurred throughout the 6th millennium BC, we nevertheless noticed the establishment of distinct construction processes that enabled the identification of well-defined “techno-cultural” groups, leading us to reconsider the model of a unique “Shulaveri-Shomu” culture. Finally, the development of the Caucasian communities’ technical advancement is compared with that of the neighbouring Near Eastern ones in order to shed light on the origins of the Neolithic in the Caucasus.

Mineralogical clustering of the structural mortars from the Sarno Baths, Pompeii: A tool to interpret construction techniques and relative chronologies

Abstract Structural mortars constitute one of the most diffuse geomaterials, with stones and bricks, in ancient monuments and architectural complexes, especially related to the Roman civilization, which pushed the binder technology to technical levels unsurpassed until post-industrial revolution times. The archaeometric study of mortars is an essential tool to extrapolate great amounts of information concerning supply of raw materials, technological skills of the ancient civilizations and, finally, relative and absolute chronologies of diachronic construction phases, both related to ancient and modern architectural modifications of the buildings. In this contribution, a novel approach for the quantitative mineralogical analysis of ancient mortars is proposed. The analytical process is based on the integrated application of quantitative phase analysis (QPA) of mineral components by means of the Rietveld method applied to X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data and multivariate statistical treatment of the obtained results by means of the principal component analysis. The methodology has been applied on a wide set of binding materials sampled from different structural elements of the Sarno Baths, a five-storey building located in the Pompeii archaeological site. The building is characterized by a marked complexity both in terms of structural layout and constructive techniques, being the result of several modifications in ancient times from the Late Republican age up to the Vesuvius eruption in 79 AD. Furthermore, several poorly documented restorations have been performed between the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century AD. In this perspective, a quantitative characterization of the employed mortars resulted useful not only to define ancient constructive technologies and relative chronologies, but also to discriminate between the original and restored parts of the building for the execution of adequate restoration procedures. The statistical clustering of the quantitative XRPD data clearly defined two ancient constructive phases and allowed a precise definition of the structural elements rebuilt in recent times. Furthermore, the obtained results have been cross-checked with additional analyses, namely XRD analyses on the separated binder fractions, petrographic analyses and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive microanalyses. Such multi-analytical approach allowed the detailed characterization of the employed raw materials, of the pozzolanic reactions between binder and aggregate and of the textural and microstructural characteristics of the mortars. The data interpretation yielded interesting insights both on the advanced optimization of mix designs of binding materials in Roman times, to improve the structural properties of the architectural elements according to their functions, and on the formulation of the restoration products during the historic excavations in Pompeii.

A Distributed Multilevel Force-Directed Algorithm

The use of graph visualization approaches to present and analyze complex data is taking a leading role in conveying information and knowledge to users in many application domains. This creates the need of developing efficient and effective algorithms that automatically compute graph layouts. In this respect, force-directed algorithms are arguably among the most popular graph layout techniques. Aimed at leveraging the potential of modern distributed graph algorithms platforms, we present Multi-GiLA , the first multilevel force-directed graph visualization algorithm based on a vertex-centric computation paradigm. We implemented Multi-GiLA using the Apache Giraph platform. Experiments show that it can be successfully applied to compute high quality layouts of very large graphs on inexpensive cloud computing platforms.

Параллельный алгоритм кластеризации данных для многоядерных ускорителей Intel MIC

Алгоритм PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) представляет собой разделительный алгоритм кластеризации, в котором в качестве центров кластеров выбираются только кластеризуемые объекты (медоиды). Кластеризация на основе техники медоидов применяется в широком спектре приложений: сегментирование медицинских и спутниковых изображений, анализ ДНК-микрочипов и текстов и др. На сегодня имеются параллельные реализации PAM для систем GPU и FPGA, но отсутствуют таковые для многоядерных ускорителей архитектуры Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC). В настоящей статье предлагается новый параллельный алгоритм кластеризации PhiPAM для ускорителей Intel MIC. Вычисления распараллеливаются с помощью технологии OpenMP. Алгоритм предполагает использование специализированной компоновки данных в памяти и техники тайлинга, позволяющих эффективно векторизовать вычисления на системах Intel MIC. Эксперименты, проведенные на реальных наборах данных, показали хорошую масштабируемость алгоритма. The PAM (Partitioning Around Medoids) is a partitioning clustering algorithm where each cluster is represented by an object from the input dataset (called a medoid). The medoid-based clustering is used in a wide range of applications: the segmentation of medical and satellite images, the analysis of DNA microarrays and texts, etc. Currently, there are parallel implementations of PAM for GPU and FPGA systems, but not for Intel Many Integrated Core (MIC) accelerators. In this paper, we propose a novel parallel PhiPAM clustering algorithm for Intel MIC systems. Computations are parallelized by the OpenMP technology. The algorithm exploits a sophisticated memory data layout and loop tiling technique, which allows one to efficiently vectorize computations with Intel MIC. Experiments performed on real data sets show a good scalability of the algorithm.

Journalism Workshop for Highschool Students to Develop School Publication in Kendari [Pelatihan Keterampilan Jurnalistik Bagi Siswa untuk Memproduksi Media Sekolah di Kota Kendari

Amid the fast flow of information from the media, media education is needed to provide sufficient capabilities and knowledge for media updates. In addition to being able to become a smart media consumer, the younger generation is expected to be able to jointly produce media with positive and inspirational content. One of the reasons that underlie the implementation of Journalistic Skills Training in Producing Media Schools in Kendari Public High School 2 is carried out. This activity was attended by 22 participants and was designed in several stages. Starting from the introduction (orientation), introduction to basic journalistic material, journalistic practice, and the last is the evaluation. During the practice session, the participants were asked to immediately try to make the news. Reporting activities must also be carried out by participants, starting from observation, interviews and documentation research. All activities are carried out around the school environment which is the location for conducting this activity. All participants were very enthusiastic to go through each stage of the activity until it was over. This activity is the initial stage of the next continuous activities plans. The material in the next follow-up activity will be more focused on the material of layout techniques and the practice of making online media. In accordance with the trends and developments of today's society that consume more media in a digital or online form, we are aiming to build school media in the form of online media.

Minimizing the TID effects due to gamma rays by using diamond layout for MOSFETs

This manuscript describes an experimental comparative study of effects of the total ionizing dose (TID) on the main electrical parameters and figures of merit of Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) implemented with two different layout styles, i.e., the hexagonal gate shape (diamond MOSFET, DM) and its corresponding rectangular counterparts (Conventional MOSFET, CM), which they were irradiated with a low dose rate with gamma-rays (60Co-source), considering that both present the same gate areas (AG), channel widths (W), aspect ratios (W/L), and concerning two different bias conditions (OFF and ON states) during the irradiation procedure. The main results of this work show that, besides the diamond MOSFETs present a better electrical performance than those found in their Conventional MOSFETs counterparts, they are also capable of boosting their ionizing radiation tolerances (smaller variation of the threshold voltage, subthreshold slope and minimize IDS leakage, etc.). Furthermore, it was observed that the hexagonal gate shape with a α angle equal to 90° tends to be the best gate geometry for MOSFETs because it is capable of enhancing the TID tolerance, intrinsically, in relation to the CM counterparts, regarding gamma-rays source used in this study. Therefore, the diamond layout style with α angle of 90° can be considered an alternative Hardness-By-Design layout technique which is able to manufacture planar MOSFETs low-cost, high electrical performance, and high ionizing tolerance to be applied in the space, medical, and nuclear CMOS ICs applications.

CourtTime: Generating Actionable Insights into Tennis Matches Using Visual Analytics

Tennis players and coaches of all proficiency levels seek to understand and improve their play. Summary statistics alone are inadequate to provide the insights players need to improve their games. Spatio-temporal data capturing player and ball movements is likely to provide the actionable insights needed to identify player strengths, weaknesses, and strategies. To fully utilize this spatio-temporal data, we need to integrate it with domain-relevant context meta-data. In this paper, we propose CourtTime, a novel approach to perform data-driven visual analysis of individual tennis matches. Our visual approach introduces a novel visual metaphor, namely 1-D Space-Time Charts that enable the analysis of single points at a glance based on small multiples. We also employ user-driven sorting and clustering techniques and a layout technique that aligns the last few shots in a point to facilitate shot pattern discovery. We discuss the usefulness of CourtTime via an extensive case study and report on feedback from an amateur tennis player and three tennis coaches.

Hairball Buster: A Graph Triage Method for Viewing and Comparing Graphs

Abstract Hairball buster (HB) (also called node-neighbor centrality or NNC) is an approach to graph analytic triage that uses simple calculations and visualization to quickly understand and compare graphs. Rather than displaying highly interconnected graphs as ‘hairballs’ that are difficult to understand, HB provides a simple standard visual representation of a graph and its metrics, combining a monotonically decreasing curve of node metrics with indicators of each node’s neighbors’ metrics. The HB visual is canonical, in the sense that it provides a standard output for each node-link graph. It helps analysts quickly identify areas for further investigation, and also allows for easy comparison between graphs of different data sets. The calculations required for creating an HB display is order M plus N log N, where N is the number of nodes and M is the number of edges. This paper includes examples of the HB approach applied to four real-world data sets. It also compares HB to similar visual approaches such as degree histograms, adjacency matrices, blockmodeling, and force-based layout techniques. HB presents greater information density than other algorithms at lower or equal calculation cost, efficiently presenting information in a single display that is not available in any other single display.

Layout and assembly technique of the GEM chambers for the upgrade of the CMS first muon endcap station

Triple-GEM detector technology was recently selected by CMS for a part of the upgrade of its forward muon detector system as GEM detectors provide a stable operation in the high radiation environment expected during the future High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). In a first step, GEM chambers (detectors) will be installed in the innermost muon endcap station in the 1.6<η<2.2 pseudo-rapidity region, mainly to control level-1 muon trigger rates after the second LHC Long Shutdown. These new chambers will add redundancy to the muon system in the η-region where the background rates are high, and the bending of the muon trajectories due to the CMS magnetic field is small. A novel construction technique for such chambers has been developed in such a way where foils are mounted onto a single stack and then uniformly stretched mechanically, avoiding the use of spacers and glue inside the active gas volume. We describe the layout, the stretching mechanism and the overall assembly technique of such GEM chambers.

Synthesis and Structural analysis of Aluminium-filled Polystyrene Composites from Recycled Wastes

In this study, the effects of powdered Aluminium (Al) as reinforcing fillers for polystyrene-based resin (PBR) matrix has been evaluated based on the analysis of mechanical and structural properties. Samples were prepared by hand lay-out technique enhanced with the usage of single roller. The PBR was reinforced by Aluminium powders (μm) at selected weight fractions of (0, 5, 10, and 15 %) and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) physical and mechanical testing. The study of mechanical properties includes: elongation at break, time to failure and young modulus. The XRD studies confirmed no chemical reaction but rather the introduction of crystalline structure in the polystyrene matrix based on the amount of Aluminium content and the even distribution of aluminium powder in the matrix. The tensile strength increased with increasing filler content; however elongation at break and time to break showed decrement as the weight fraction of aluminium powder is increased in the composites. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.74.2.19680

Belonging in Black and White: Race, Photography, and the Allure of Heimat in West German Gay Magazines from the 1950s

Physique photography played an important role in conditioning erotic subjectivity for gay male readers of West Germany’s 1950s homophile magazines. To date, scholars of the period have focused on the content of these magazines and their role in the emergence of the postwar gay scene (Whisnant) but have yet to carefully consider the medium itself as a critical component in the creation of same-sex subjectivities. By focusing on layout techniques such as juxtaposition, this article examines the ways in which the magazine Der Weg zu Freundschaft und Toleranz created erotically suggestive narratives between photos that circumvented increasingly strict censorship laws in the early Federal Republic while at the same time conflating the gay male viewing subject with whiteness in alignment with dominant discourses of Heimat and national belonging.

Human-like layout algorithms for signalling hypergraphs: outlining requirements.

The use of signalling pathway hypergraphs represented as process description diagrams is steadily becoming more pervasive in the field of biology. This makes ever more evident the necessity for an effective automated layout that can replicate high-quality manually drawn diagrams. The complexity and idiosyncrasies of these diagrams, as well as the specific tasks the end users perform with them, mean that a layout must meet many requirements beyond the simple metrics used in existing automated computational approaches. In this paper we outline these requirements, examine existing ones and describe new ones. We demonstrate state-of-the-art layout techniques enhanced with novel functionalities to meet part of the requirements. For comparatively small signalling pathways our enhanced algorithm provides results close to manually drawn layouts. In addition, we suggest technical approaches that may be suited for fulfilling the identified requirements currently not covered.

A 33-GHz LNA for 5G Wireless Systems in 28-nm Bulk CMOS

This brief presents a design procedure of a compact 33-GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) for fifth generation (5G) applications realized in 28-nm LP CMOS. Based on the unique set of challenges presented by advanced nanoscale CMOS, the emphasis is put here on the optimization of design and layout techniques for active and passive components in the presence of rigorous metal density rules and other back-end-of-the-line challenges. All passive components are designed and optimized with full-wave electromagnetic simulations for a high quality factor. In addition, layout techniques help to miniaturize the total area as the suggested 5G frequency band of 33 GHz is not high enough to provide a sufficiently compact chip size. The resulting increase in the concentration of required metal fills furthermore makes this optimization more challenging. The fabricated LNA consists of two cascode stages with a total core area of $0.68{\times }0.34$ mm2. It exhibits 4.9-dB noise figure and 18.6-dB gain at 33 GHz while consuming only 9.7 mW from a 1.2-V power supply.

PizzaText: Text Entry for Virtual Reality Systems Using Dual Thumbsticks.

We present PizzaText, a circular keyboard layout technique for text entry in virtual reality (VR) environments that uses the dual thumbsticks of a hand-held game controller. Text entry is a common activity in VR environments but remains challenging with existing techniques and keyboard layouts that is largely based on QWERTY. Our technique makes text entry simple, easy, and efficient, even for novice users. The technique uses a hand-held controller because it is still an important input device for users to interact with VR environments. To allow rapid search of characters, PizzaText divides a circle into slices and each slice contains 4 characters. To enable fast selection, the user uses the right thumbstick for traversing the slices, and the left thumbstick for choosing the letters. The design of PizzaText is based on three criteria: efficiency, learnability, and ease-of-use. In our first study, six potential layouts are considered and evaluated. The results lead to a design with 7 slices and 4 letters per slice. The final design is evaluated in a five-day study with 10 participants. The results show that novice users can achieve an average of 8.59 Words per Minute (WPM), while expert users are able to reach 15.85 WPM, with just two hours of training.