Site Layout Research Articles

Generative planning for construction safety surveillance camera installation in 4D BIM environment

Surveillance cameras have become increasingly significant in the field of construction safety monitoring. With visual information, these cameras support safety managers to identify the potential hazards and deliver prompt feedback. However, developing the surveillance camera plan remains challenging in considering the workspace of working at height activities and the dynamic nature of the construction site. This study proposes a camera installation plan considering different site layouts with time during the optimization to resolve this problem. An approach for Generating Planning for Construction Safety Surveillance Camera Installation in 4D BIM Environment, called SCI4D. The SCI4D comprises three modules: The site profile module (SPM), which extracts the spatial and temporal information from a 4D BIM; Parametric modeling module (PMM), which simulate cameras and calculate the performance of surveillance systems, Installation planning module (IPM) suggests the appropriate solutions that meet the requirement. The efficiency of the SCI4D approach is validated through the test of a building project of 3000 square meters. SCI4D determined 45 solutions with optimal coverage within budget, $2500. The contribution of the proposed approach is to proactively aid project teams in preparing surveillance plan that ultimately supports construction safety monitoring using vision intelligence.

Research on Visual Management Technology of Tunnel Construction Process Based on BIM Technology

In order to achieve more efficient management of BIM technology in the field of tunnel construction, this paper took Zhuhai Dahengqinshan No. 1 Tunnel as the project background and studied the visualization management technology of tunnel construction process based on BIM technology. Firstly, we created the 3D geological model and tunnel BIM model by using Revit, 3dsmax, and other software. Secondly, the detailed design was carried out, and there was no gap in the model after the detailed design was checked by ABAQUS software. Then, we checked the problems between disciplines and conducted collision inspection in the model. Finally, we carried out the 4D construction progress simulation to solve the conflict between time and space in the whole life cycle of tunnel construction. The results revealed that the deepening design could optimize the design scheme of tunnel construction engineering. Collision inspection directly exposed problems such as unscientific site layout. 4D construction schedule management could not only realize the visualization of field construction process but also improve the quality of project management compared with traditional means. The research results provide technical experience for the visualization management of tunnel construction.

A simulation-based decision support tool for integrating site layout and construction planning of tunneling projects

PurposeIntegrating construction and site layout planning in mechanized tunnel infrastructure projects is essential due to the mutual impacts of construction planning and site layout decisions. Simulation can incorporate site layout planning and construction planning of tunneling projects in a unified environment. However, simulation adoption by industry practitioners has remained relatively limited due to the special skills required for building and using simulation models. Therefore, this paper aims to create a simple-to-use simulation tool that supports site layout and construction operation planning of tunneling projects. This tool intends to promote the simulation application in site layout planning.Design/methodology/approachThe current paper proposes simulation as a decision support tool (DST) to provide an integrated environment for modeling tunnel construction operations, site layout and capturing the mutual impacts. A special purpose simulation (SPS) tool was customized and developed for typical mechanized tunneling projects, by tunnel boring machines, to facilitate building the model and allow access to users with limited simulation knowledge.FindingsThe results show that the developed SPS tool is of great assistance to construction industry practitioners to analyze a variety of site layout and construction plan scenarios and make informed decisions based on its comprehensive and intuitive outputs.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this research is to promote simulation application in site layout planning of tunneling projects through the development of a simple-to-use tool, which has sufficient details for site layout planning and constraints. The developed DST enables planners to make decisions simultaneously on the site layout, other construction planning variables and identify the most efficient plan.

The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Dynamic Site Layout Planning in Large-Scale Construction Projects

Construction sites are increasingly complex, and their layout have an impact on productivity, safety, and efficiency of construction operations. Dynamic site layout planning (DSLP) considers the adjustment of construction facilities on-site, on an evolving basis, allowing the relocation of temporary facilities according to the stages of the project. The main objective of this study is to develop a framework for integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their capacity for effective photogrammetry with site layout planning optimisation and Building Information Modelling (BIM) for automating site layout planning in large construction projects. The mathematical model proposed is based on a mixed integer programming (MIP) model, which was employed to validate the framework on a realistic case study provided by an industry partner. Allocation constraints were formulated to ensure the placement of the facilities in feasible regions. Using information from the UAV, several parameters could be considered, including proximity to access ways, distances between the facilities, and suitability of locations. Based on the proposed framework, a layout was developed for each stage of the project, adapting the location of temporary facilities according to current progress on-site. As a result, the use of space was optimised, and internal transport costs were progressively reduced.

Optimasi Site Layout Batching Plant (Studi Kasus Batching Plant PT. Adhimix Precast Daerah Serpong)

Site layout optimization aims to get the most optimal form of site layout. In this study, the site layout will be optimized using the multi objective function method by minimizing the Traveling Distance (TD) and Safety Index (SI) values. The calculation of the optimum site layout is done by making several alternative transfers of facilities. Based on the calculation results, the minimum TD result is alternative 0 of 4014,261 meters, and the minimum SI result is alternative 4 of 287,034. Alternative 0 cannot be compared because alternative 0 is the basic layout. Then in Alternative 4, there is an increase in TD of 80.98% and a decrease in SI of 12.66% from alternative 0. Therefore, to determine the most optimal site layout, the method is to use the calculation of the percentage value of traveling distance and safety index. Based on the results of interviews with PT. Adhimix Precast Indonesia Serpong area, the percentage rate given for traveling distance is 40% and the safety index is 60%. Based on the calculation of the percentage of TD and SI from all alternative layouts, it was found that the basic layout is the most optimal layout with the minimum value of 1802,897.

Preserving Holocaust history: Geophysical investigations at the Ponary (Paneriai) extermination site

Holocaust mass grave sites in eastern Europe can be difficult to investigate due to a paucity of historical documentation relating to the events and because the use of traditional invasive archaeology methods raises concerns around the disturbance of the remains of Jewish people. When combined with other lines of evidence, including historic photos and eyewitness testimony, noninvasive geophysical methods help to effectively identify and demarcate buried features at Holocaust sites, limiting unnecessary excavations. Between 1941 and 1944, as many as 100,000 people were murdered at the Ponary (Paneriai) extermination site in Lithuania, but many critical details of the site layout during this period are still to be resolved, including the location of some of the mass graves and confirmation of an escape tunnel that was used by slave laborers to escape captivity and certain death at the site. At Ponary, a combination of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiling, limited ground-penetrating radar data, and bare-earth elevation data (from a light and distance ranging data set) was used to confirm the location of a large unmarked mass grave with a diameter of approximately 25 m and depth of approximately 4 m. Additional ERT profiling at a second location imaged the entrance to an escape tunnel previously uncovered by an archaeological excavation in 2004, and it detected an approximately 5 m section of the continuation of the tunnel, approximately 33 m away from the tunnel entrance. The geophysical results are supported by evidence from limited archaeological excavations, historical photographs, eyewitness descriptions of the site layout, and testimonies from the few survivors who managed to escape Ponary.

An Optimal Geometry Configuration Algorithm of Hybrid Semi-Passive Location System Based on Mayfly Optimization Algorithm.

In view of the demand of location awareness in a special complex environment, for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) airborne multi base-station semi-passive positioning system, the hybrid positioning solutions and optimized site layout in the positioning system can effectively improve the positioning accuracy for a specific region. In this paper, the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) formula of a time difference of arrival (TDOA) and angles of arrival (AOA) hybrid location algorithm is deduced. Mayfly optimization algorithm (MOA) which is a new swarm intelligence optimization algorithm is introduced, and a method to find the optimal station of the UAV airborne multiple base station’s semi-passive positioning system using MOA is proposed. The simulation and analysis of the optimization of the different number of base stations, compared with other station layout methods, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. MOA is less likely to fall into local optimum, and the error of regional target positioning is reduced. By simulating the deployment of four base stations and five base stations in various situations, MOA can achieve a better deployment effect. The dynamic station configuration capability of the multi-station semi-passive positioning system has been improved with the UAV.

LIDAR VIEWS OF BRONZE AND IRON AGE HILL-TOP SITES IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN CARPATHIANS

The article offers a glimpse into the potential of a series of recent LiDAR based explorations, in cases combined with geophysical prospections, pin-pointed excavation and radiocarbon dating of enclosures, to contribute to the better understanding of the anthropic modified relief morphology and layout of several hill-top sites from South-Eastern Transylvania dated in the Bronze and Iron Ages. The study area, which is mostly forested, gathers one of the largest concentrations of Late Prehistory and Protohistory earthworks known on the territory of modern Romania. The presented data opens the pathway for the further exploration of relevant themes such as: diversity of the functions played by enclosures, the sites’ level of interconnectivity and the existence of hierarchies. It also points out the general need for establishing more accurately the earthworks’ chronology, topography and occupation intensity.

Integrating Hoisting Efficiency into Construction Site Layout Plan Model for Prefabricated Construction

Construction site layout plans (CSLP) are vitally significant to prefabricated construction project management; in particular, abundant hoisting operations reinforce the importance of the location of tower cranes and precast component supply points. However, previous studies on CSLP have been conducted on traditional construction sites, and there is a gap in the research regarding the prefabricated construction site layout plan. This paper attempts to establish a comprehensive CSLP model to optimize the facility layout problem on prefabricated construction sites, integrating the hoisting efficiency of precast components into previous studies on CSLP considering safety risks and transportation cost. To solve the proposed multiobjective model, the Genetic algorithms (GAs) is applied to obtain Pareto optimal solutions due to its strong global search capability. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model, a prefabricated residential building project is studied as a case study. This paper attempts to improve the CSLP model for the scene of prefabricated construction in the preconstruction stage to optimize safety risk, transportation cost, and hoisting efficiency, which may facilitate future research attempting to improve the prefabricated construction site layout considering more complex actual situations.

AN EXPLORATION OF CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) PRINCIPLES FOR ENHANCING SAFETY AND SECURITY IN THE DESIGN OF ADAMAWA STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ HOSTEL, MUBI

People across the world face growing insecurity, violent conflict spreading and intensifying and the natural systems on which human life depends on, is in jeopardy. Also, today the security condition of student hostel has become one of the major challenges facing Nigerian institutions, with continual media coverage of the state of insecurity of the students’ hostel, level of theft, burglary, abductions, and kidnappings. This research set out to proffer solutions to the rising insecurity challenges in the students’ hostel. This was achieved through the development of a framework from CPTED, on architectural strategies used to deter crime from thriving in the students’ hostel environment. A user perception survey was carried out using questionnaire issued to occupants of the various hostels. A case study was also carried out using visual survey and checklist to identify safety and security inadequacies in the buildings. Findings from questionnaire and case study revealed that the perceived level of safety was higher in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, then University of Maiduguri and least perception of students’ safety and security seen in Adamawa State University, Mubi. Hence, confirming the need to improve the impediment of variables like perimeter control, building configuration, external wall design, window design and site planning and layout, in respect to CPTED principles in the design of student hostel buildings in Nigeria.

AN EXPLORATION OF CRIME PREVENTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN (CPTED) PRINCIPLES FOR ENHANCING SAFETY AND SECURITY IN THE DESIGN OF ADAMAWA STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ HOSTEL, MUBI

People across the world face growing insecurity, violent conflict spreading and intensifying and the natural systems on which human life depends on, is in jeopardy. Also, today the security condition of student hostel has become one of the major challenges facing Nigerian institutions, with continual media coverage of the state of insecurity of the students’ hostel, level of theft, burglary, abductions, and kidnappings. This research set out to proffer solutions to the rising insecurity challenges in the students’ hostel. This was achieved through the development of a framework from CPTED, on architectural strategies used to deter crime from thriving in the students’ hostel environment. A user perception survey was carried out using questionnaire issued to occupants of the various hostels. A case study was also carried out using visual survey and checklist to identify safety and security inadequacies in the buildings. Findings from questionnaire and case study revealed that the perceived level of safety was higher in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, then University of Maiduguri and least perception of students’ safety and security seen in Adamawa State University, Mubi. Hence, confirming the need to improve the impediment of variables like perimeter control, building configuration, external wall design, window design and site planning and layout, in respect to CPTED principles in the design of student hostel buildings in Nigeria.

Construction Site Layout Planning Using a Simulation-Based Decision Support Tool

Background: A site layout plan is one of the important decisions to be made in the planning phase of each construction project as it can significantly impact on-site transportation, construction logistics, and safety. This decision could be complicated owing to the uncertainties inherent in construction projects and the complex relationships between the influencing factors and decision variables. Methods: To improve site layout planning, this study aims to develop a simulation-based decision support tool (DST) that enables planners to consider the following: (1) construction uncertainties, (2) construction resources (i.e., material, equipment, and workers), (3) site layout constraints, and (4) mutual impacts between site layout and construction plan variables, for site layout planning of construction projects. Results: The developed DST visualizes the site layout plan within a simulation environment and provides seamless interactions between the site layout model and the simulation model. These capabilities facilitate planning construction site layout using simulation by establishing two-way information flows between the site layout and simulation components, which can further promote application of simulation in construction site layout planning. Usefulness and practicality of the proposed DST is demonstrated in site layout planning of a steel erection project. Conclusions: Using this DST can reduce some common wastes in construction projects and the cost associated with them, including on-site transportation, material handling and storage, and waiting time for the material arrival.

PERENCANAAN PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA DEPOK

The Indonesian International Islamic University Depok Library Building Construction Project has area of 16495 m2. This library has 8 floors, which is located in the middle of the city. So, the mobilization of tools and materials become easier. The purpose of this study is to make project planning in terms of organizational structure, site layout, traffic management, strategy and implementation methods, quality, safety, occupational health and environment (K3L); Project Implementation Budget Plan and project scheduling. The data used are shop drawings, Work Plan and Conditions, and HSD Depok City 2020. Planning a project schedule using the Barchart method with the help of MS. Project 2016. This planning produces a line type organizational structure where the leaders and subordinates are in one line of command; Site Layout by using 1 unit tower crane; Traffic Management planning using a one gate system; The implementation strategy uses 2 zones; The implementation method uses Bottom Up, starting from zone 1 then proceed to zone 2 until the 8th floor; Quality plan based on the application of SOP (Standard Operating Procedure); The HSE plan includes hazard identification, an HSE equipment plan, and an HSE implementation schedule; The project duration plan is 43 weeks, and the Implementation Budget Plan is Rp. 151,141,347,875.

PROJECT PLANNING PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN APARTEMEN CAMBIO LOFTS TANGERANG SELATAN

The Cambio Lofts Apartment Construction Project in South Tangerang is a project owned by PT Graha Indah Semesta which was carried out by PT. Brantas Abipraya (Persero) with a contract value of IDR 640,000,000 for 1369 calendar days. project planning Properis needed to realize the project on time, cost, and quality. For this reason, it is necessary to prepare a project planning that includes organizational structure, site layout, strategy and implementation methods, quality and K3 plans, scheduling, and costs. The data needed in the preparation of Project Planning are project drawings, work plans and requirements, and basic unit prices. In preparing the work schedule using the program Microsoft Project 2019 and project costs using the program. Microsoft Excel 2019 The results of the preparation are, using a functional organizational structure, the strategy is to use two tower cranes and divide work zones, the quality of work is carried out by testing materials in the field to match technical specifications and SOP (Standard Operation Procedure) and for the prevention of work accidents, workers must use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and install work signs. The duration of the project is 950 calendar days with a budget of Rp. 574,259,927,661.21.

APLIKASI BIM PADA PEMBANGUNAN PROYEK JEMBATAN UMBUL KAJI KABUPATEN MALANG

Technological progress is one of the challenges in the field of civil engineering. BIM (Building Information Modeling) is one example of technological advances that can be used for the implementation of construction projects. The BIM applications used are Infraworks Autodesk, Naviswork Autodesk and Revit Autodesk applications. The application of BIM is centered on the construction of the Umbul Kaji bridge project, Malang Regency. The use of the Infraworks Autodesk application is intended to facilitate the placement of facility buildings by directly placing buildings according to topographic conditions. Furthermore, the Naviswork Autodesk application is used to visualize the scheduling progress according to the plan. Then the Revit Autodesk application is used for 3D modeling to get the construction volume, reinforcement volume and construction project implementation price. Based on the results of planning and calculations, the organizational structure used is a functional organizational structure. Site layout is based on Travelling Distance (TD) and Safety Index (SI), so an alternative 3 placement is chosen with a TD value of 100131 and an SI of 730. The bridge implementation method for erection girder uses the launching gantry method. In the preparation of the schedule with the help of Microsoft Project and Naviswork Autodesk, the project implementation time was 230 days. And with the help of Revit Autodesk, the cost of implementing the Umbul Kaji Bridge project is Rp. 46.591.603.677,-.

PERBANDINGAN METODE KONVENSIONAL DENGAN METODE PRECAST PADA PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG SUNCITY RESIDENCE APARTEMEN KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

Project thesis of The Suncity Residence Apartment in Sidoarjo Regency has a area of ​​61,013m2 with a building area around ​​± 3,662.65 m2. The height of this building reaches 90 meters. This building has 30 floors including semi basement and roof. The Budget Plan for the implementation of the Suncity Residence Apartment Building Development Project in Sidoarjo Regency from the results with the cost of Rp 81,939,779,299. The duration of the plan needed to work on the Suncity Residence Apartment Building Project in Sidoarjo Regency is 294 calendar days. The purpose of this thesis is to make project planning in terms of organizational structure, traffic management, site layout, implementation methods, costs, and scheduling. The data used in this thesis is by using Work Plans and Requirements, shop drawings, and Surabaya City HSPK in 2019. Analysis of Work Unit Price is reviewed based on AHSP Permen PUPR no. 28 of 2016. This planning produces an organizational structure that uses the type of line / line; Analysis of the site layout produces 2 alternatives and alternative 2 is chosen because it approaches 0; Traffic management planning using one gate system; the implementation strategy uses a zoning system with a bottom-up method.

PERENCANAA PENGGUNAAN TOWER CRANE UNTUK PEKERJAAN STRUKTUR PROYEK APARTEMEN BESS MANSION SURABAYA

The BeSS Mansion Sarabaya apartment building is a construction project with a total building area of 86,000 m2. This apartment complex, which is located in the centre of Surabaya, includes 44 stories of Tower Premiere, 42 stories of Tower Suite, and 9 stories of Tower Podium parking area. Tower Cranes are used to transport or move materials in the construction of high-rise buildings. The objective of this thesis analysis is to figure out how many Tower Cranes are needed, as well as scheduling, operational costs, site layout, traffic management, and the HIRARC matrix. The data used were shop drawings, Tower crane specifications, and Tower Crane rental prices. According to the results of this calculating plan, two units of Tower Cranes are required to complete structural work, with a total work time of 5,592 hours. Tower Crane type MCT 205 requires a rental cost of Rp. 844,266,37 per hour, whereas Tower Crane type Tengda TC 6018 requires a rental charge of Rp. 701.184.89 per hour. On the site layout study, there are four options, and option 2 has been chosen because it is close to 0 or the minimum value, and traffic management planning uses an one gate system.

The influence of the built environment in enacting a household model of residential aged care for people living with a mental health condition: A qualitative post-occupancy evaluation

This study undertakes a spatial analysis of an Australian aged care setting where residents receive person-centred support in a specially-designed home-like environment. Focus groups were conducted with staff to explore the impact of the built environment in a new residential aged care setting that has implemented a Household Model of care for people living with mental health conditions. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory and proxemics, we mapped how the built environment supports improved behaviours and care practices in four areas: food preparation and dining, sleep and self-care, site layout, and relationships.

Performance of hybrid-constructed floating treatment wetlands in purifying urban river water: A field study

Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a new management method for improving urban stormwater runoff. However, most studies have been performed at laboratory, micro, and meso scales. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the purification effect of the ecological floating bed in urban water bodies under in situ conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare the treatment potential of two types of hybrid-constructed FTWs for urban river water, and to quantify the effects and concentration radii of dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature (T), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total phosphorus (TP) under different rainfall conditions. The difference analysis in the first rainfall stage (p < 0.05) indicated that FTWs with multiple plant species (FTW-A) and FTWs with a single species (FTW-B) had significantly better treatment potential than the blank control for all water quality parameters except T. The second stage study showed that the hybrid system could effectively purify the river water during the rainfall period, and the effect of FTW-A was higher than that of FTW-B. After the initial rainfall, DO decreased, NH4+-N and TP concentrations increased, the removal rate of NH4+-N decreased to 55.88%–58.33%, and the removal rate of TP decreased to 5.00%–10.53%. During continuous rainfall, the removal rate of NH4+-N remained between 16.28% and 63.89%, while the removal rate of TP fluctuated, reaching 26.32%, although the final concentration of TP was not removed during the experimental period. Meanwhile, the hybrid constructed FTW continuously increased the DO concentration; however, denitrification was inhibited, resulting in ineffective removal of nitrate and nitrogen in the water body. Further study on the influence radius of two types of FTWs on DO, T, NO3−-N, NH4+-N, and TP found that the influence radius of FTWs varied with the concentration of each parameter. For the same parameter, the influence radius of FTWs with multiple plant species and FTWs with a single species was RFTW-A ≥ RFTW-B. In this study, the purification effect of hybrid-constructed FTW in urban water was evaluated, which provided guidance and support for the FTW site layout of actual river courses in the future.

A hybrid simulation approach for site layout planning in construction projects

Purpose This study aims to propose a hybrid simulation approach for site layout and material laydown planning in construction projects considering both the project’s continuous and discrete state. Design/methodology/approach Efficient site layout planning (SLP) is a critical task at the early stages of the project to enhance constructability and reduce safety risks, construction duration and cost. In this paper, external and internal conditions affecting SLP gets identified. Then dynamic features of project conditions and project operations are analyzed by using a hybrid simulation approach combining continuous simulation (CS) and discrete event simulation (DES). Findings An efficient site layout plan regarding the project conditions results in cost efficiency. Instead of using DES or CS alone, this paper uses a hybrid simulation approach. Such a hybrid method leads to more accurate results that enable construction managers to make better decisions, such as material management variables. The proposed approach is implemented in a real construction project (i.e. earthmoving operation) to evaluate the hybrid simulation approach’s performance. Practical implications The proposed approach is implemented in a real construction project (i.e. earthmoving operation) to evaluate the performance of the hybrid simulation approach. Originality/value Although DES is used widely in construction simulation, it involves some limitations or inefficiencies. On the other hand, modeling resource interactions and capturing the construction project’s holistic nature with CS or system dynamics face some challenges. This study uses a hybrid DES and CS approach to enhance commercial construction projects’ SLP.