Psychological Laws Research Articles

A PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN MARSIRAJI THAHIR’S KABAR BUNGA

This paper aims to describe the female characters in the novel Kabar Bunga by Marsiraji Thahir, the conflicts and its causes, and the impact of the conflicts experienced by women in the novel Kabar Bunga by Marsiraji Thahir. This novel is examined by a psychological approach in literature, a literary approach that emphasizes the psychological aspects of the types and laws of psychology that can be applied to literary works. The data is qualitative since the purpose of this research is to explain or describe the phenomena of the researches deeply. The data were obtained by categorizing all the related dialogues in the story, then psychologically analyzed. Triangulation was used to validate the data. After finishing all the steps of analyzing data, the interpretations were made based on the data and the theory. The results of the research were, psychologically, the main character in this novel is described as a person who often feels worried, frightened, keeping the reality up, and she is burdened by the problems faced. This portrayal is the representation of Wulan as a woman and woman emotionally and mentally is depicted as a weakness persona without having the ability to solve the problems.

КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ БАР’ЄРІВ ОВОЛОДІННЯ УЧНЯМИ ПРОФІЛЬНОЇ ШКОЛИ ІНШОМОВНОВНОЮ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ

The article is devoted to the problem of students’ barriers in learning foreign languages. The author stresses that the uniform classification of barriers do not exist as such, because every scientist studying a particular problem, underlines the presence of specific barriers, depending on the research subject. The author proves that it is appropriate to classify barriers to internal and external. Among the internal barriers they distinguish physiological, motivational, and emotional. Cognitive, communication, control, appreciation and proper speech barriers belong to external ones. Physiological barrier deals with the barrier of temperament that arises when the temperament of the teacher and the learner are opposite and this difference is not reflected. The motivational barrier is formed as a result of the lack of positive cognitive motivation of learning, the value of the profession. Emotional barriers include: actualization of negative traces of emotional memory when encountering a learning task, general unfavorable individual emotional background of activity, attraction. Organizational barriers are the result of poor organization of the learning process. The basis of information barriers lies in the improper structuring of educational information, the pace of its presentation, ignoring the laws of psychology of perception and the individual features of the cognitive, motivational, emotional spheres of the learner and his behavioral resources. Proper speech barriers include barriers to listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening is accompanied by states of tension, panic, boredom, frustration, fear of failure, laziness, etc. Speaking a foreign language causes states of uncertainty, anxiety, fear of making a mistake. Usually reading does not cause acute problems, but working with the text, performing a number of tasks can be accompanied by laziness and boredom. Writing is accompanied by the fear to demonstrate ignorance of the subject in front of the teacher, inability to clearly and competently express thoughts in written form. Key words: classification, barrier, obstacle, the process of learning, foreign language.

Category “Wrongdoings” in Psychological Theory of Law

The article is devoted to the analysis of the category of a wrongdoing within the psychological theory of law on the example of the works of outstanding Russian thinkers, namely: Lev (Leon) Iosifovich Petrazhitskiy and Veniamin Mikhailovich Khvostov. The author analyzes the interrelation between morality and law in the context of consequences of their violations that are reflected in ethical experiences, relapses of ethical processes and their perception by others. The author investigates laws of psychology that distinguish law from morality and forms of their manifestations. The paper analyzes and examines the definition of a wrongdoing given by Veniamin M. Khvostov and describes its signs: an act, wrongfulness, competency of the wrongdoer. The author analyzes the views of the researcher concerning subjective and objective elements of the wrongdoing and their forms by comparing with the legislative norms that were in force at that time of the Criminal Code adopted on March 22, 1903. To sum up, the author has made conclusions on the ground of the analysis of issues under consideration.

Combination of information coding methods as a condition of effective physical concepts development in primary school

The paper discusses a way to resolve the contradiction between high requirements of the modern Federal state educational standard (FSES) to the level of training and intellectual development of primary school graduates and the lack of effective didactic means and teaching methods that ensure assimilation of students abstract elements of the curriculum, which were previously studied only in high school. The researches by Russian psychologists (V.N. Druzhinin, M.A. Holodnaya, etc.) show that an essential element of the individual intellect are mental conceptual structures, and their optimal development is provided by a collection of specially prepared learning tasks, involving the use of three modalities of experience (sensual-effective, figurative, symbolic). On the example of teaching methods design of electromagnetic induction in primary school, the author shows the sequence and specifics of the teachers actions, which allow to build a complex of didactic means for the full enrichment of the mental experience of students and organize their educational activities in accordance with the needs of school physical education, taking into account psychological laws of individual intelligence development together with modern private didactic approaches to the management of intellectual development of students. The proposed method of training and a set of training tasks that meet the requirements of the target orientation, target sufficiency, increasing the level of difficulty, motivational orientation, were approved in Samara Aviation Lyceum № 135 and showed high efficiency in terms of intellectual development and training of primary school students.

Legal and psychological view on the development of rural areas of the Russian Federation

The paper focuses on the main directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of rural development through their legal and psychological analysis. The need for such research is due to the lag in the development of rural areas, a weak legal framework, a lack of understanding of the psychological laws of the urgent problems of rural development. The focus is on the issues of the conceptual apparatus, the analysis of the Russian legislation on the legal regulation of agricultural, labor, and social relations in agriculture. When creating documents of federal importance, it is necessary to take into account the psychological specifics of the rural population. The study focuses on the relationship between the legal and psychological approach to the development of rural areas of the Russian Federation, making a proposal to improve the Russian legislation in certain areas of legal regulation of legal relations in agriculture.

THE LAWS OF THE PSYCHE IN THEIR UNIVERSAL FUNCTIONALITY: PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF A PRACTICAL PSYCHOLOGIST

The article presents the idea of the universality of psychic laws, based on a comparative analysis of depth cognition results as well as the laws of quantum physics. The importance of understanding the category of “informational equivalents”, which unites both ideal and physical realities, is emphasized. The main idea of the article is to understand the integrity of the world, which consists in the unity of the laws of physics, philosophy, biology and psychology. The scientific achievements of quantum physics are compiled functionally with depth psychology evidence and are specified in the article. The empirical evidence of the “black hole” presence in the human psyche, as well as theoretical substantiation of the introduction to psychology of the “complementarity principle” is represented. The problem of the remote instruction of mental substructures, which predetermines the psyche cognition in the format of the invisible horizon is raised. Keywords: depth self-knowledge, depth psychology, professional training of a psychologist, quantum, self-knowledge, correction, diagnostics. Отримано: 26. 0 2 .2019 Відрецензовано: 12 .0 3 .2019 Опубліковано: 02 .04.2019 * * * * * Завантажити/прочитати статтю PDF

General theorising and historical specificity: Hodgson on Keynes

AbstractIn relation to Keynes's thought on general theorising, consumption theory and institutions, this paper closely examines Geoff Hodgson's views as set out in his magisterial work, How Economics Forgot History. While in full agreement with its advocacy of the institutionalist programme, it finds that Keynes's position has been misunderstood in all three areas, and that deep compatibilities exist between the General Theory and institutionalist analysis. Using all his available writings, it is argued that Keynes's conception of a general theory is very different from that underpinning neoclassical economics so that criticisms of the latter are irrelevant to the former, that Keynes's ‘fundamental psychological law’ was never advanced as a universal law applicable to all economies, and that Keynes expressly analysed a historically specific economic institution and its assemblage of sub-institutions. Keynes is an ally, not an enemy, of institutionalism in pursuing better economic theory.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE CHALLANGES IN MODERN DIGITAL TRAINING ENVIRONMENT

The article is devoted to the efficiency of students’ cognitive and personality development within University traditional training and e-learning online that are based on the subject-centred or human-centred models. The research relevance is explained by the unprecedented growth of the digital mode of knowledge acquisition that has revealed misbalance between new technical possibilities and psycho-pedagogical competence of training courses developers. An urgent need of interdisciplinary interaction aimed at the training environment creation with consideration of the psychological laws of human memory and thinking functioning appeared. It is proposed the working human-centred model of students’ cognitive and personal development under condition of system e-learning online that is built on the bases of psycho-pedagogical laws of eco-humanistic self-development. The research is based on the longitude training experiment that was organized within real university training including e-learning online. The results were processed mathematically. The efficiency of the cognitive development was measured by the complexity of the individual sense-cognitive scheme formed within training, by the level of metacognitive competence, by the efficiency of subject task solving. The efficiency of the personality development was measured by the level of personal sense development, abilities and qualities that are professionally, socially and existentially significant. The results obtained proved advantage of the training that is based on the psycho-pedagogical student-centred model over the subject-centred training. The developmental effect of the human-centred e-learning has left behind the subject-centred training supported by platforms with orientation to their technical capability. Keywords: e-learning online, student-centred model, self-development technology, metacognitive approach, synergy effect.

Religious ritualism and family values: the unity of the past and the present

Summary: The article is devoted to the problem of religious ritualism as a constituent and factor of family life in its past and present. The purpose of the article are the substantiation of religious rituals as values in the life of the family, the definition of its role through the prism of freedom of conscience and beliefs, the reflection of socio-cultural transformations of the relationship of religious rituals and family values in the unity of tradition and modernity. The use of the historical method in the work allowed us to determine the cultural-historical, civilizational circumstances that determine the content and structure of religious rituals in conjunction with the development of the family and family values in the unity of traditions and novtions. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the definition and justification of the unconditional value of the emotional-aesthetic atmosphere of the family and existential communication, which is achieved between members of the family community in the process and under the influence of religious ritual.
 Religious and ritual communication both within and outside the family is a process of exchange of certain feelings and knowledge of its members. This is only possible if the family members (in the system: parents – children – grandchildren), who make such communication, establish not only mutual understanding but also the unity of thought about the religious and emotional content of a ritual act, when the convictions of communicators coincide on the results of this spiritual activity recognized as values (ideas, thoughts, ideals, feelings, mood, etc.). By displaying such values with the help of symbolic means that affect the emotional and sensory sphere of both adults and younger family members, rituals stimulate the emergence and development of feelings, experiences and moods that meet these values. In communicative communication during the various ritual actions (joint daily prayers, reading prayer texts, funeral ceremonies, baptism, wedding, sanctification of housing, etc.), family members enter into a specific kind of relationship between themselves. The processes of their communication and relations are realized through such socio-psychological mechanisms as suggestion, persuasion, imitation and stereotyping. The shared experiences significant for family members in communication greatly contribute to their spiritual unity and rapprochement, the establishment and strengthening of internal and external relations (within and outside the family). The family as a social and, at the same time, the ritual community lives according to the laws of group psychology, which is characterized by strengthening of the mood in the feelings of "We". It is under the influence of jointly performed ritual that the formation and objectification of religious consciousness in the activity of the family and its members takes place as a connection of freedom and responsibility, holistic and partial, general and separate. The family and family religious ceremonies remain one of the most important values in human life and community. Appeal to the family traditions of religious culture allows us to find spiritual foundations for the further development of society in the modern post-industrial era. The prospect for further research is the justification from the point of view of religion of traditional family values and their socio-cultural transformations in the present.

UKRAINIAN SURNAMES AS AUTHENTIC PHENOMENON IN THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN WORLD

The article highlights diachronically how the unique anthroponymic phenomenon – surnames – appears, develops and functions in the language picture of the Ukrainian world. Proper nouns in general and surnames in particular, as a linguistic and national phenomenon, and a kind of ethnocultural marker, serve as a source for the study of national history, ethnography and culture. Being a means of the ethnic group experience retention, surnames preserve and pass from generation to generation the information about the nature, laws of human behavior or psychology, aesthetic values. Ethnoculturally, anthroponymic units feature the ability to preserve certain realia of the past and present inherent in the national culture. The article analyzes in detail etymological sources of surnames, cultural and historical substantiation, and semantic connotations emphasizing their identity in the East Slavic anthroponymic context. The article also considers individual semantic groups of surnames and the most frequent word formation models. The article proves surnames to be a unique lexical layer in the language picture of the world, most of them still being an organic form of word formation, a mental semantic concept, a bunch of culture in human consciousness.

Do Our Psychological Laws Apply Only to College Students?: External Validity Revisited

That most psychological research is conducted with students led to concerns that psychological laws apply only to this population. These fears are based on Campbell and Stanley’s concept of external validity that specifies the extent to which research findings can be generalized. This concept is based on an inductivist philosophy. As philosophers of science have argued since Hume, one cannot derive general laws from singular observations. Instead, one develops theories and uses empirical studies to test these theories. This solves the problem of generalization because the domain of applicability is specified by the theory. Reports that studies result in different findings when conducted in different cultures are unproblematic as long as these differences can be explained with psychological theories.

Clarifying Keynes’s Theory Of Consumption And Psychological Law

This paper presents a careful, comprehensive examination of Keynes’s theory of consumption or ‘propensity to consume’, a theory as important to the General Theory as its other foundations. The theory, however, is often badly misunderstood and misrepresented by orthodox and some heterodox writers. Based on all his relevant writings from 1933 to 1939, several important conclusions are reached. First, far from being a simple or straightforward theory, it is a rich and moderately complicated one. Second, it does not postulate constant or invariant behaviour. Third, the ‘psychological law’ on which it is grounded it is not universal, but limited and conditional. Fourth, it embraces many determinants of consumption. Fifth, it is significantly different from standard consumption functions. Sixth, it has an inbuilt temporal structure consistent with dynamic and static analysis. And finally, it is adaptable to new economic circumstances.

A psychological model of human-computer cooperation for the era of artificial intelligence

In the last 10 years, the research on artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction has progressed by leaps and bounds, and there has been a boom in the academia and industry. There is an urgent need for a psychological model on human-computer interaction that is consistent with human cognitive mechanisms and psychological laws in order to eliminate the existing bottleneck in the development of artificial intelligence and to realize harmonious and natural human-computer interaction. A psychological model on human-computer cooperation for the era of artificial intelligence would not only explain, simulate, and predict human behaviors but could also guide the design of intelligent systems and human-computer interactions. In this paper, we review and summarize the previous human-computer interaction models and cognitive models and propose a psychological model for human-computer cooperation for the era of artificial intelligence based on the experimental evidences and researches of the previous 10 years. The new model would expand and deepen the understanding of the existing cognitive models and provide a theoretical basis for a study on human-computer interaction in the era of artificial intelligence.

The Laws of the Chemical Psychology

The Laws of the Chemical Psychology

The New Divorce Legislation in the Republic Of Croatia under the Influence of Psychology, Sociology, and International Law*

The New Divorce Legislation in the Republic Of Croatia under the Influence of Psychology, Sociology, and International Law*

I know that I know nothing: Can puncturing the illusion of explanatory depth overcome the relationship between attitudinal dissimilarity and prejudice?

ABSTRACTPeople are prejudiced toward groups they perceive as having a worldview dissimilar from their own. This link between perceived attitudinal dissimilarity and prejudice is so stable that it has been described as a psychological law. The current research tests whether reducing people’s (over-)confidence in their own understanding of policies by puncturing their illusion of explanatory depth in the political domain will reduce the link between perceived attitudinal dissimilarity and prejudice. In an initial pre-registered experiment (N = 296), we did not find support for our hypothesis, but exploratory analyses indicated that the hypothesized effect occurred for political moderates (but not for people who identified as strong liberals/conservatives). However, despite successfully manipulating people’s understanding of policies, in the main study (N = 492) we did not replicate the result of the initial experiment. We suggest potential explanations for our results and discuss future directions for research on breaking the link between attitudinal dissimilarity and prejudice.

Система запобігання помилкам у письмових роботах учнів 3–4 класів

The formation of linguistic competence of the students lies among the most significant missions of modern primary school. Therefore, the importance of the subject UkrainianLanguage is unlikely to be overestimated, and a problem of mistakes in speech and searching for the ways of their prevention are among most topical in modern primary education. The analysis of the scientific literature on the issue allows us to draw the conclusion, that prevention and correction of mistakes must have systematic character and be inseparable from the work in language instruction in general. Its necessity results from the nature of the child’ thinking process conditioned by the laws of psychology and physiology. The aim of the article is to substantiate theoretically and describe the system of work that provides efficiency of mistake prevention in students’ writings in primary school. A special system of work is suggested at the seminal stage of the pedagogical experiment. The methodology is aimed at prevention of mistakes in the students’ coherent speech. The methodology contains the following components: the stack of selected texts and corresponding methodological support for the work at a lesson. The research allows us to make the following conclusions: the efficiency of mistake prevention will rise in written works of primary school students if the work is carefully planned and the age and individual features of the students are taken into account. The prevention of students’ mistakes improves their comprehension of various texts, assists in forming abilities to create texts, as well as the skillsto edit and analyze their own and others’ texts at the elementary level.

Hick's law for choice reaction time: A review.

In 1952, W. E. Hick published an article in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, "On the rate of gain of information." It played a seminal role in the cognitive revolution and established one of the few widely acknowledged laws in psychology, relating choice reaction time to the number of stimulus-response alternatives (or amount of uncertainty) in a task. We review the historical context in which Hick conducted his study and describe his experiments and theoretical analyses. We discuss the article's immediate impact on researchers, as well as challenges to and shortcomings of Hick's law and his analysis, including effects of stimulus-response compatibility, practice, very large set sizes and sequential dependencies. Contemporary modeling developments are also described in detail. Perhaps most impressive about Hick's law is that it continues to spawn research efforts to the present and that it is regarded as a fundamental law of interface design for human-computer interaction using technologies that did not exist at the time of Hick's research.

充分利用心理规律提高教学的高效性

充分利用心理规律提高教学的高效性

Theoretical and methodological foundations of profiling as an interdisciplinary field of psychological knowledge

The article discusses one of the new applied areas in psychology, which is the non-instrumental diagnosis of lie, i.e.profiling. Currently, one of the new applied areas in psychology is profiling. Modern profiling includes knowledge, abilities, and skills (hereinafter, KAS), developed on the basis of the achievements of contemporary Psychological Science, a clear affiliation to a specific subject. The basis of integrative psychotechnology is a complex of knowledge in Psychological Sciences, where the object of general knowledge is the personality, his/her features, behavior, and general psychological laws of organizing purposeful activity. The authors come to the conclusion that profiling is an area of theoretical, methodological, integrated, scientifically grounded knowledge in related disciplines of Psychological Science.