Law Enforcement Sectors Research Articles

Exploring the Relationship between Decision-Making Styles and Emotion Regulation: A Study of Police Officials in Portuguese Public Security

In public security policing, where pressure is constant, effective decision-making and emotion regulation are critical, especially for leaders. These processes significantly impact upon work results, performance, officials’ health, employee well-being, and the organizational environment. This study aims to broaden the understanding of decision-making styles and emotion-regulation strategies used by police officials in the Portuguese Public Security Police (PSP). We surveyed 138 Portuguese high-ranking police officials using two self-response questionnaires, namely the Emotion Regulation in the Workplace (ReTrab) and the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ), both translated, adapted, and validated for the Portuguese police context. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, followed by correlations to explore the relationship between emotion-regulation strategies and decision-making styles. Finally, through a regression analysis, the potential impact of this relationship was assessed. The results reveal that specific emotion-regulation strategies, except for adaptive ones, significantly influence and modify the decision-making styles of PSP officials. Dysfunctional and maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies lead to less adaptive decision-making styles, while functional strategies promote more adaptive styles. These findings have theoretical and practical implications, offering valuable insights for targeted training programs and interventions in the law-enforcement sector, benefiting the police personnel, the communities they serve, and public perceptions about police.

The big law enforcement information exchange challenge

Aim: The paper attempts to take stock and present the most significant dilemmas and challenges of cross border criminal data and intelligence exchange between law enforcement authorities of EU Member States that can be experienced by police personnel in the field at the moment. Methodology: In addition to the relevant legislation, recommendations and best practices, the paper – based on personal experience as a police professional, supplemented by insights of the members of the EU law enforcement community – describes and illustrates the various challenges of today’s international police cooperation landscape. Findings: The EU law enforcement information exchange scene is in the midst of its transformation due to globalisation and the progressive information and communication technology advancement. The evolution of the institutionalised cross border criminal data and intelligence exchange has to keep up with the world of crime and reflect the challenges which arise from the sensitive nature of the policy area itself, where any substantial development can only be reached by innovation and capacity building of the law enforcement sector. Value: This snapshot is to give a structured overview and to draw more attention to the complexity and the controversies of the international law enforcement information exchange landscape, which policy-makers and police professionals have to face nowadays in order to successfully prevent, detect or investigate cross border criminal offences.

A bűnüldözési információcsere nagy kihívása

Aim: The paper attempts to take stock and present the most significant dilemmas and challenges of cross border criminal data and intelligence exchange between law enforcement authorities of EU Member States that can be experienced by police personnel in the field at the moment. Methodology: In addition to the relevant legislation, recommendations and best practices, the paper – based on personal experience as a police professional, supplemented by insights of the members of the EU law enforcement community – describes and illustrates the various challenges of today’s international police cooperation landscape. Findings: The EU law enforcement information exchange scene is in the midst of its transformation due to globalisation and the progressive information and communication technology advancement. The evolution of the institutionalised cross border criminal data and intelligence exchange has to keep up with the world of crime and reflect the challenges which arise from the sensitive nature of the policy area itself, where any substantial development can only be reached by innovation and capacity building of the law enforcement sector. Value: This snapshot is to give a structured overview and to draw more attention to the complexity and the controversies of the international law enforcement information exchange landscape, which policy-makers and police professionals have to face nowadays in order to successfully prevent, detect or investigate cross border criminal offences.

Characteristics of the State Bureau of Investigation’s territorial departments’ powers

The article focuses on the fact that the creation of the State Bureau of Investigation of Ukraine was an important step towards ensuring the high-quality and efficient functioning of the entire law enforcement sector of our country, as well as the establishment of the rule of law and legality. It is argued that in the current context, the State Bureau of Investigation is beginning to play an increasingly important role in ensuring the proper functioning of all other state institutions. It is emphasised that the work of the State Bureau of Investigation directly depends on the quality and effectiveness of the powers of its territorial offices. Based on the analysis of scientific views of scholars, it is noted that powers are a legally established scope of the rights and obligations which allows to implement the tasks and functions of the territorial offices of the State Bureau of Investigation to the fullest extent and with maximum efficiency. It is stated that these powers are exercised both by the central office of the State Bureau of Investigation and by the territorial departments; the factor determining the scope of application of the powers is the competence of these entities, including the territories covered by their activities. It is determined that the powers are aimed at protecting the legitimate interests of SBI employees in a fair assessment of their service, career and professional growth, and the absence of obstacles to their professional activities. It is argued that the powers of the territorial offices of the State Bureau of Investigation should be divided into two large groups: a) according to the subject to whom the powers belong such as: the head, investigators, employees of operational units, employees of auxiliary units (e.g., personnel, financial and economic); b) according to the orientation 1) on the direct implementation of the SBI’s tasks (rule-making, personnel and organisational, information and analytical, pre-trial investigation and operational search activities, methodological, protection of public property interests, in the field of cooperation); 2) related to the organisation of effective performance of the above powers (careful treatment of property, ethical behaviour, etc.)

Financial frauds throughout the years – literature review

Financial frauds have been a growing problem across the global financial markets. Losses generated by such illegal activities affect both the global economy and individual entities, especially those operating in the financial market. Perpetrators of such frauds seem to always be one step ahead of the law enforcement, regulators as well as private sector entities such as banks and scientists. This review examines publishing actions taken throughout the years. It also shows whether there has been any correlation spotted between the number of papers published in a particular year and the events on the financial markets. The study involved a systematic literature review to achieve the set goals. Following the final results of the article, it is clear that the issue of financial frauds has been a growing global concern. It is crucial to strengthen the collaboration between the regulators, law enforcement, academic environment and private sector. Cooperation across the sectors should include research on how to prevent and mitigate the consequences of this kind of frauds.

Combating cyberbullying in Thai youth: Learning innovation as a possible solution

Cyberbullying among Thai youths is one of crucial challenges. This study focused on what young people should know about cyberbullying and developed a learning innovation to combat cyberbullying. This research employed 7 steps of research and development from data collection to dissemination of innovation. The 122 participants included primary and lower secondary school students, their families, teachers, experts, and representatives from educational, law enforcement, relevant government, and public sectors. The findings indicate a learning innovation in the form of interactive game providing youngsters with how to combat cyberbullying. To get greater outcomes, teachers should facilitate self-directed learning for young learners.

Research Paper on Transformative Innovations in Identity Verification and Recognition

Integrating real-time human detection into identity authentication greatly improves both security and user experience. This strategy decreases fraud risk by analysing physiological and behavioural markers such as facial and eye movements. Its implementation in financial, healthcare, e-commerce, and law enforcement sectors promise to strengthen security measures. Although obstacles exist, the benefits of this human-centered approach are significant, paving the path for a safer digital future. Keywords: Identity verification, biometric authentication, digital security, real-time human detection, fraud prevention, user experience, computer vision, physiological and behavioural clues, facial and vocal patterns, banking, healthcare, e-commerce, law enforcement.

Wireless Remote Controlled Multi-Purpose Robot using Raspberry PI

Over the past five decades, robotics and associated technologies have evolved into indispensable components across numerous industries, particularly in advanced manufacturing. Moreover, their application has extended beyond production-centric domains to encompass pivotal roles in military and law enforcement sectors, owing to advancements in sophistication, reliability, and compactness. This paper proposes the implementation of a real-time object detection system capable of precisely identifying and locating recognized objects, presenting a significant and practical advancement. Integrating various modules such as GSM and GPS with a Raspberry Pi, along with an array of sensors including metal and flame sensors, an L293 Motor driver, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor, and HC-05 Bluetooth, this system facilitates seamless recognition and localization of objects in real-time. The Bluetooth connectivity feature enables remote control of the device, while a built-in camera captures images of unidentified individuals, thereby enhancing its surveillance capabilities. The incorporation of a motor driver ensures secure and controlled movement of the robot, while the ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles within its proximity. Additionally, the metal sensor swiftly identifies metallic objects, relaying their locations to the administrator, whereas the flame sensor promptly detects fires, enabling the system to dispatch location data for immediate response. This holistic approach renders the proposed system a versatile tool applicable across a spectrum of scenarios, ranging from security and surveillance operations to emergency response initiatives.

Review of trends regarding artificial intelligence and its prospects for procedural decisions during criminal proceeding

Discussions on the advantages and risks of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields are among the most relevant today. It is evident that proponents and opponents of its implementation have existed, exist, and will continue to exist. However, it is undeniable that with each scientific and technological advancement, humanity has the opportunity to improve or worsen the quality of its existence. Therefore, it is crucial to establish rules for developers and users who must be aware of the existing threats posed by the use of a particular tool, despite or in defiance of these limitations. This overview aims to explore how various aspects of our lives, including the legal sphere, are changing due to the widespread availability and increasing accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI). It seeks to clarify the role of the state as a regulator and implementer of relevant functions, the rules developers and users must adhere to, the aspects of AI usage already accessible to the legal sector, and how AI can assist in decision-making during criminal proceedings (while still leaving the leading role in decision-making and choice of alternatives to humans). It also discusses the prospects ahead and the myths that need to be overcome for progress. Through analysis and synthesis, it has been observed that threats from harmful AI are present, especially when it is deployed not for socially beneficial or human-centric purposes. Regulation of the AI sphere is crucial in all its aspects, starting from ethical considerations and ensuring an anthropocentric approach to AI development and usage, and ending with cutting-edge developments, including AI applications in various fields, such as the creation of new product designs like confectionery. Despite potential risks and threats, the use of artificial intelligence can have advantages, but careful regulation of this area is necessary. It is also noted that regulating AI to the detriment of progressive development should be avoided. It is argued that in the legal and law enforcement sectors, AI assistance can bring many benefits, but its use must be accompanied by a full awareness of the axiom that “AI systems for justice and law enforcement are considered ‘high risks’.” Therefore, before actively applying AI, especially in this realm, it is essential to establish clear boundaries and rules, and importantly, accountability for any harm caused. Such sensitive aspects as the integrity of human privacy, respect for human rights, and the like should prevail in this mechanism.

Justice : A Predicting Criminal Acts According To IPC Section

The AI-driven IPC Section Prediction for Crime Classification project is a groundbreaking initiative with far- reaching implications for the legal and law enforcement sectors in India. Traditional crime classification and the assignment of the appropriate IPC section are often time-consuming and prone to human error. Our web application addresses these challenges by offering an efficient, accurate, and user-friendly solution. One of the key strengths of our application lies in its adaptability. It can process a wide range of crime descriptions, including those involving complex legal language or colloquial terms, ensuring its utility in diverse scenarios. Additionally, our system is designed to continuously learn and evolve. It adapts to changes in legal terminology, updates in the IPC, and emerging crime trends, thereby maintaining its relevance and precision over time. The social impact of this project cannot be overstated. By streamlining crime classification, it empowers law enforcement agencies to allocate resources more efficiently and prioritize cases based on severity and relevance. It also aids legal professionals by expediting case preparation and documentation. Moreover, it facilitates greater public engagement with the legal system, enabling citizens to better understand and navigate the complexities of the IPC. In conclusion, our AI-driven IPC Section Prediction web application is a pioneering tool that has the potential to revolutionize crime classification and legal processes. Its adaptability, continuous improvement, and positive societal impact make it an asset for law enforcement, legal practitioners, and the general public alike.

Ukraine Law Enforcement and Justice Sector Reform (DOS)

Ukraine Law Enforcement and Justice Sector Reform (DOS)

Reinforcing public sector scorecard in law enforcement sector: prosecution institution of government of Indonesia

Reinforcing public sector scorecard in law enforcement sector: prosecution institution of government of Indonesia

Lasers in Defence

Abstract: The development and usage of laser technology in fields such as defence, law enforcement, communication, and defence have had a major impact on the law enforcement sector. The idea of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) was conceived in 1957, but it wasn't until 1960 that Theodore H. Maiman built the first practical application of the technology. In addition to its high coherence and intensity, laser illumination is also distinguished by its spatial coherence, enabling light pulses on the femtosecond timescale. It finds use in various disciplines, including holography, the space sciences, spectroscopy, medicine, microelectronics, power electronics, industrial engineering, and even directed energy weaponry. Laser target markers and beam riders are the most common methods for accurately controlling LGW towards ground objects. Recent advances in laser technology are intensively investigated for their potential use in target indicators and range finders. There has been an increase in the usage of lasers in recent years, with several new services in fields as diverse as commerce, industry, medicine, science, technology, and even the military. Applications like range finders, target designators, power beamers, LIDARs, and long-range, high-speed, secure communication systems have the potential to completely alter the face of combat. India's laser R&D centres are working on various laser systems and their supporting components and materials for use in directed energy applications. Laser crosslinks are a technology that can maintain data speeds in the tens of gigabits, and they give higher bit rates with decreased bit error rates owing to their small wavelengths.

The Prevalence of Corruption in Pakistan's Judicial and Law Enforcement Sectors

This paper investigates the prevalence of corruption in Pakistan's judicial and law enforcement sectors. In Pakistan, corruption has been a pervasive issue for decades, with negative effects on the economy and society as a whole. Corruption in the judicial and law enforcement sectors is of particular concern as it has far-reaching consequences for the rule of law and public trust in the justice system. It uses a mixed-method approach. The research design includes surveys and interviews with relevant stakeholders, including judges, lawyers, police officers, and ordinary citizens. The sample size is determined using a stratified random sampling technique, and the data is analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The study's results provide a compelling case for urgent reforms to combat corruption in Pakistan's justice system.  This paper suggests that accountability, transparency, and public awareness in promoting the rule of law and social justice.

Cross-level Effects of Diversity Climate on Employee Organizational Identification: Evidence from Law Enforcement Units

While benefits of psychological diversity climate have been enumerated in public administration literature, less is known about the effects of diversity climate at the aggregate level. To fill this gap, this study implements a multi-level analytical approach to examine the relationship between workgroup diversity climate and employee organizational identification in the law enforcement sector. To estimate this relationship, I employ a multi-wave population survey data collected from 1,519 employees in 136 units of a law enforcement agency in the United States. Results suggest that workgroup diversity climate was positively associated with organizational identification. However, this relationship was found more salient for White employees than employees of color. This study discusses the implications for public management research and diversity management practices in the public sector.

Between a rock and a hard(ening) place: Cyber insurance in the ransomware era

Cyber insurance and ransomware are two of the most studied areas within security research and practice to date, and their interplay continues to raise concerns in industry and government. This article offers substantial new insights and analysis into the complex question of whether cyber insurance can help organisations in mitigating the threat of ransomware, particularly its impacts. Having conducted an interview or workshop with 96 industry professionals spanning the cyber insurance, cyber security, ransomware negotiations, policy, and law enforcement sectors, we identify that ransomware has been a key cause of the ‘hardening’ of the cyber insurance market, which is exhibited at almost all levels of the market. Such hardening has been beneficial in raising the security standards required prior to purchase, but has also created a situation where some organisations may not be able to acquire viable cyber insurance at all. In presenting the outcomes of our thematic analysis of the interview and workshop outputs, the paper provides significant new empirical evidence to support the theory that cyber insurance can act as a form of governance for improving cyber security amongst organisations. Nonetheless, the hardening market does nothing to increase the penetration of cyber insurance. Questions were also raised as to the likelihood of unintended unethical – and potentially illegal – outcomes given the professionalisation of a remediation process that has to determine the most cost-effective solution to an organisation being held ransom. We conclude that insurance, at best, can help to mitigate the ransomware threat for those that can access it, as part of a wider basket of actions that must also come from different stakeholders.

Predictive validity of integrity tests for workplace deviance across industries and countries in the past 50 years: A meta-analytic review

The current meta-analysis provides a comprehensive and updated review on integrity-testing findings across industries and countries in the past 50 years (k = 150, N = 67,016). Integrity tests were coded into the types of overt tests, covert tests, biodata, organizational measures, value/moral reasoning/situational judgment tests, integrity-related cognitive ability tests, and novel measures. The criterion measures of workplace deviance included CWBs, unethical pro-organizational behaviors, and other workplace deviant behaviors. For the information source, both computer and manual searches were performed to locate relevant published and unpublished papers. A variety of sources were examined to avoid publication bias, and publication bias analyses were conducted to uphold the methodological rigor. Results indicated that all the integrity tests analyzed were significant in predicting workplace deviance, with an overall mean validity estimate corrected for indirect range restriction and measurement error as .43 (95% CI [.32; .52]; p < .001). Among the tests, the value-oriented tests and cognitive ability tests indicated relatively large validity estimates of .60 (95% CI [.41; .75]; p < .001) and .65 (95% CI [.53; .74]; p < .001), respectively. The relationship between integrity tests and workplace deviance was found to be significantly moderated by the type of integrity test, industry, country, and criterion source. The effect size of integrity tests was largest in predicting deviance in the military and law enforcement sector, and relatively large in the work samples of Canada, Germany, Israel, Romania, and the United States. However, the moderating effects of the nature of deviance, validation sample, validation strategy, publication status, medium of test, and gender, were nonsignificant. Compared with previous reviews, our study was unique in its cross-cultural direction, which included primary studies of integrity testing in countries with different languages (e.g., publications in Chinese) and associated cultural variations. New insights and comparisons with previous meta-analytic findings were discussed.

Ethical procurement in Ghana's public sector: implementation challenges in the Bolgatanga Municipality

This study assessed the extent of the implementation of procurement ethics among public entities in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana. A descriptive research design was applied. Simple random and purposive sampling techniques were used to select 268 respondents composed of senior managers, heads of departments, section heads and procurement officers of the selected public entities across the region. The quantitative data was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data was keyed into CSPro 7.4, transferred to version 28 of SPSS and analysed. A chi-square was applied to test the relationship among the elements of procurement ethics in selected public entities in the region. The study established that law enforcement and health sector public entities ranked highest in the implementation of ethical procurement practices whiles those in the educational sector ranked lowest. The study found a significant association between procurement ethical factors such as accountability and transparency, conformity to laws and ethical standards, conflict of interest, confidentiality and impartiality and fairness. No association was found for honesty and integrity, avoidance of appearance of impropriety, due diligence and professionalism as confirmed from their respective p-values.

Analisis Dampak Korupsi Pada Masyarakat (Studi Kasus Korupsi Pembangunan Shelter Tsunami di Kecamatan Labuan Kabupaten Pandeglang)

This study describes impact analysis of corruption cases on society (case study of tsunami shelter development in Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency. The corruption case in the construction of this shelter was carried out by the Ministry of Public Works and Publik Housing (KemenPUPR) and PT. Tidar Sejahtera with a project value of 18 billion rupiahs sourced from the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN), and caused state losses of 16 Billion rupiahs. This Study discusses the analysis of the impact on society of corruption casws caused by corruption caseof tsunami shelter construcyion in Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency using the theory of the impact of economic corruption from Mauo (1998) and I Ketut (2018), as well as the impact of social corruption and enforcement sfrom Wilhelmus (2017). The research method use is descriptive qualitative research. The results of this study were corruption in the construction of tsunami shelters carried out by KemenPUPR and PT.Tidar Sejahtera which had several impacts on the economic, social and law enforcement sectors. Where because of the corruption case, the buildings that were built were of low quality, there was no treatment from the local government, and the sentence impose on the defendant was not in accordance with the lawbecause the defendant was cooperative at the time of trial and still had family dependents.

Public Satisfaction with The Performance of The Government of Joko Widodo – Jusuf Kalla

AbstractOne of the parameters of leadership success is the public's satisfaction with the performance. The pair of President and Vice President Joko Widodo - Jusuf Kalla who led Indonesia in 2014-2019 also did not escape this assessment. Public voices can be used as an evaluation of the government that has been carried out for the future to formulate policies that can protect and side with the people. Based on this, the purpose of the research was to determine the extent of the public's response to the performance of the Jokowi-JK government, as well as which sectors were considered good or not by the public. This research uses mixed methods with a descriptive approach. The theory used is the concept of Governments, Performance Theory, Political Communication, and Community Satisfaction. Primary data was obtained using a questionnaire distribution technique to respondents, with a simple random sampling technique. Meanwhile, secondary data were obtained through literature studies relevant to this topic. The results showed that the economic and law enforcement sectors had a low level of satisfaction with Jokowi-JK's performance, namely 30% and 40%, respectively. Meanwhile, the social welfare sector and the political and security sector have a high level of satisfaction at 80%.