Law Enforcement Efforts Research Articles

Evolution of Cybercrime Law in Legal Development in the Digital World

This research explores the evolution of cybercrime law in the face of developments in information and communication technology (ICT) over the last few decades. The development of digital technology has provided countless benefits but has also given rise to increasingly complex threats in the form of cyber attacks and cybercrime. This research aims to investigate how cybercrime law has evolved in response to changes in ICT and how these developments have influenced the effectiveness of cybercrime law enforcement. This research also analyzes the role of cross-border cooperation in cybercrime law enforcement and how developments in international law have influenced countries' ability to deal with global cybercrime threats. The research results show that the evolution of cybercrime law includes the establishment of more specific cybercrime laws and stronger protection of personal data. Cross-border cooperation plays an important role in cybercrime law enforcement, including information exchange, joint prosecution, asset freezing, and extradition. Developments in international law, such as the Budapest Convention and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), have provided the legal basis necessary for more effective cross-border cooperation. However, challenges remain, including legal and jurisdictional differences between countries that often hamper law enforcement efforts. Therefore, increasing international cooperation and efforts to overcome these obstacles is critical in maintaining security and privacy in the ever-evolving digital era

Keberlakuan Pemberian Uang Panjar Berdasarkan Hukum Adat Analisis Perjanjian Jual Beli Tanah Yang Dapat Membatalkan Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli Dan Surat Kuasa Menjual Yang Dibuat Oleh Notaris

Applicability of giving down payment based on customary law: analysis of land sale and purchase agreements that can cancel binding sale and purchase agreements and power of attorney to sell made by a notary. The payment system is known as down payment or receipt money. Buying and selling with a down payment system is a sale and purchase that is usually carried out in the community. By way of the buyer providing part of the payment as collateral or binding the transaction, and setting a deadline to pay off the remaining price. The purpose of this study is to examine more deeply the provision of down payment as a token of appreciation in land sale and purchase agreements based on customary law in Indonesia. To analyze whether or not a land sale and purchase agreement is valid orally and has been given a down payment as a sign of completion. The type of research used in this research is normative juridical research method. The normative juridical approach is a problem approach by viewing, analyzing and interpreting theoretical matters relating to legal principles in the form of conceptions, norms, rules of laws and regulations, court decisions, agreements and doctrines (teachings). The legal moral position of down payment is useful as the main benchmark in agreements made by customary law communities related to goodwill. This is appropriate that in customary law goodwill and halal clauses are the main and foremost things. Because morality is very closely related to law, where a good law is a law based on morality, so that a law has a spirit, both from the product of the law and the spirit of law enforcers, so that the law can be upheld in order to obtain justice, legal certainty and expediency. The law provides a limit on how morals can be carried out with various law enforcement efforts, not just with threats/sanctions for violators.

Law Enforcement Efforts by the Police in Eradicate Action Criminal Gambling on Line

The new crimes brought about by the development of technology are wrong one of them is online gambling. With the development of information technology This online gambling does not require a place or arena to gamble different with gambling in a way conventional Which need something place For get together and gamble. In online gambling, players only need to visiting gambling places on online gambling sites that can be found online easy in Internet and anyone can access it easily. The specifications of this research are analytical descriptive. Data source used is data primary And data secondary. Data primary is data Which obtained directly from the field or from the first source and has not been processed by party other. Whereas data secondary obtained from study literature Which consisting of materials law primary, material law secondary And material law tertiary.The results of the research and discussion can be concluded Indonesia itself already has a legal basis regarding online gambling, namely as stated in Article 27 paragraph 2 of the ITE Law Number 19 of 2016. Meanwhile, threats against This violation is regulated in Article 45 paragraph 2. When conducting a police investigation have authority do arrest, detention, foreclosure And search. Before 2011, the person dealing with online gambling crimes was Subdit III Unit I Tipidum Bareskrim Police Headquarters. Since 2011 in charge online gambling crime is the Cyber Crime IT Unit Sub-Directorate in collaboration with Subdit III Unit I Tipidum which specifically handles online gambling crimes. By reality, implementation enforcement law by cyber National Police to practice Online gambling has complex obstacles because it looks at the game circle gambling on line This very narrow For prosecuted in a way physique to perpetrator Because implications these are factors technological sophistication

Inside the Dutch Hells Angels: an empirical study into the club’s entry mechanisms

AbstractOutlaw biker clubs have drawn considerable attention of law enforcement agencies across European countries. Despite law enforcement efforts, the popularity of the outlaw biker subculture has been on the rise recently. There is, however, still little understanding of how individuals become engaged in the outlaw biker subculture. Using unique data from interviews with current members of the Dutch Hells Angels (N = 24), this article addresses the entry mechanisms into the club and how individuals become full-patched members. The results show that active recruitment by the Hells Angels MC and gradually growing into the club’s membership are common entering mechanisms. Pre-existing social ties, both on the club and the individual level, play a significant role for involvement in Dutch Hells Angels membership. Moreover, the Dutch Hells Angels apply various mechanisms to establish the trustworthiness, loyalty, and suitability of a person before becoming a full-patched member of the club.

Criminal Policy in Law Enforcement of Criminal Acts of Drug Circulation in the Digital Era

The process of proving narcotics trafficking cases in the digital era is closely related to the due process of law. However, if the proof process is carried out with legal defects, then the evidence obtained is also legally flawed, which renders it unusable as legal evidence before the trial. Considering this, the study aims to explore the criminal policy of law enforcement for narcotics trafficking in the digital era within the jurisdiction of Medan City, focusing on the factors that influence law enforcement and the criminal law enforcement policies for narcotics trafficking. This study adopts a normative legal research approach, using descriptive analysis and the statute approach. The data collection technique involves library research and interviews, with data analysis conducted through a qualitative method. The research results reveal that the most influential factor is the legal culture, as there is a stigma in law enforcement for narcotics crime, and everyone is suspected of being a dealer always seeking the lightest punishment and fast legal process. However, if the perpetrator is a narcotics user/abuser, there are Law Enforcement Officials who are unscrupulous and want the user to be subject to criminal sanctions as a dealer. In terms of law enforcement efforts, the penal policies carried out by law enforcement officials are still insufficient in eradicating narcotics trafficking in the digital era. The study suggests that with the support of the ITE Law regarding electronic evidence, law enforcement officials should be able to use these instruments in uncovering criminal cases to make it easier to prove. This is because, with the development of technology, information, and communication, the modes of drug trafficking are also growing rapidly.
 Keywords: criminal policy, digital era, narcotics circulation

VIRTuAL CuRRENCIES IN CHINA’S LAW: FROM CRyPTOCuRRENCy BAN TO DIGITAL yuAN

The widespread use of digital financial instruments has increased interest in the legal regulation of digital currencies around the world. China has become a recognized leader in regulating this matter, testing the digital yuan since 2021 and adjusting legal solutions to adapt the new institution based on this experience. Recognizing digital currencies as virtual property, China introduced the concept of legal and illegal digital currencies. Strict restrictions on cryptocurrency circulation have been established, its methods and means of control are constantly being improved, law enforcement efforts are constantly increasing, and law enforcement targets are gradually being extended to key financial intermediaries. But against this background, the research and development of legal regulation of digital yuan circulation continues. Through regional pilot regimes, preparations have been made for the full-scale issuance and cross-border circulation of digital yuan, aiming at the internationalization of digital China. The analysis of the Chinese experience shows that modern states cannot completely avoid addressing the issue of legalization of digital currencies. Attempts to minimize systemic risks to economic and financial stability resulting from the spread of decentralized cryptocurrencies lead to the need to introduce digital currencies of a different quality — centralized banking digital currencies backed by the authority of the state.

Juridical Analysis of Law Enforcement of the Criminal Act of Placement of Illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) in the Riau Islands Province (Research Study at the Riau Islands Regional Police's Ditreskrimum)

The aim of the research is to find out the legal arrangements for the placement of illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) nationally, to find out the implementation of law enforcement for the criminal act of placing illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) by the Riau Islands Regional Police, to find out the obstacles and solutions to law enforcement for criminal acts of placement. Illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) by the Riau Islands Police. The research method for this thesis is normative juridical (legal research) through literature study with an empirical juridical approach (sociological juridical) through field studies aimed at gaining legal knowledge empirically. The results of the research show that the legal regulation of the placement of illegal Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) nationally is regulated in several articles in Law Number 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers which regulates all aspects of the migrant worker sector starting from employer permits, equipment and documents. must be fulfilled by prospective workers as well as criminal provisions for parties involved in criminal acts of illegal migrant workers. The implementation of law enforcement for the crime of illegal placement of Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) by the Riau Islands Regional Police has not yet run optimally because there are still many criminal acts of illegal migrant workers in the Riau Islands region, even though the police have optimized their performance in law enforcement efforts requiring cooperation with other agencies. related agencies such as the Ministry of Manpower, BNP2TKI (National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers), It is recommended that the police improve their performance in both preventive and repressive efforts. The public should be careful when choosing job placement offers abroad and always ensure that the job offer is official. To the Government to increase police resources both by increasing human resources and by increasing the budget to support the eradication of criminal acts of illegal migrant workers.

Analysis of International Law Regarding Technological Advancements and Cybersecurity in Indonesia

The progress of technology and its applications always has various implications, both for the order of social life, the development of the business world, and the advancement of moral, ethical, and legal values. The following will provide an overview of some technologies considered capable of transforming life globally in all its dimensions. Through multimedia technology, telecommunications have become highly advanced, encompassing basic telecommunications and including other value-added technologies. The widespread penetration of the internet, if not used wisely, can give rise to cybercrimes, a term used to refer to crimes committed in the virtual world or cyberspace. Cybercrime is considered a more advanced development of computer crime. Crimes in the field of information technology are relatively new compared to conventional forms of crime. Information technology crimes emerged concurrently with the advent of the information technology revolution. Additionally, it is characterized by social interactions that minimize physical presence, marking another feature of the information technology revolution. Law enforcement's efforts to counter cybercrime are heavily affected by existing legislation; several laws related to information technology, especially crimes associated with the internet, are regulated under national regulations.

Tinjauan Yuridis Penegakan Hukum Pada Perusahaan Yang Melakukan Upaya Menghalangi Pembentukan Serikat Pekerja/Buruh di Indonesia

When discussing law enforcement, the establishment of a trade union organization must of course have a legal basis. The legal basis for Law Number 21 of 2000 concerning Trade Unions is a development of thought originating from Article 28 Letters C, E, G, H and I of the Law. 1945 Constitution, As it progressed, there were many companies and company owners who rejected the establishment of labor unions. The focus of the problem topic in this research is how civil and criminal threats and their application are for company leaders who refuse to establish a labor union and whether law enforcement efforts for perpetrators of company leaders who reject the establishment of a labor union have been effective.Furthermore, this research uses juridical-normative research methods. The normative juridical research method is a library research on secondary data. The main objective of this research is how criminal or civil threats can be imposed on company leaders for refusing to establish a Work Union, contained in the provisions of Article 43 of Law Number 21 of 2000, but in the procedural legal process there is still a vacuum regarding the authority of the party carrying out the investigation. and registration numbers from the Drug Control Agency and law enforcement efforts for perpetrators of company leaders who refuse to establish a labor union, are still minimal in Indonesia, criminal efforts against company leaders who refuse to establish a labor union, it is known that from 2011 to 2016 each year there were only one or two cases, while the fact is that there are so many companies that carry out union busting actions in Indonesia and the dynamics of their resolution.

PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DENGAN NOMINAL KECIL DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA

The research results explain that strong, consistent, and non-discriminatory law enforcement is a key element in ensuring the existence of principles of justice and legal certainty. It also has the potential to benefit society through deterrence, which can discourage individuals from engaging in corruption. Additionally, it contributes to building public trust in law enforcement efforts and law enforcement agencies. Consequently, public support for law enforcement institutions is strengthened. The development of this concept in anti-corruption law is expected to help recover state losses caused by corruption. Moreover, this punitive concept also offers several benefits in achieving the objectives of penalizing offenders. With a clear obligation to repay restitution without compromise, an offender will work under state supervision to generate funds used to cover the losses resulting from their actions.

PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA ILLEGAL FISHING DI INDONESIA

Abstract
 Overcoming the criminal act of illegal fishing in Indonesia is: Vessel monitoring System (VMS), monitoring efforts in Indonesian waters, Law enforcement efforts and the factors that become obstacles in overcoming the crime of illegal fishing in Indonesia, obstacles in general are legal substance, legal apparatus, facilities and means. citizen's awareness. And the obstacles in the legal process are legal apparatus, facilities and means, public awareness, obstacles in the legal process, investigation stage, investigation stage and prosecution stage.
 Keywords: Crime, Illegal, Fishing

PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA PEMILU PADA PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA TAHUN 2020

Pilkada is the implementation of people's sovereignty to elect regional leaders directly and democratically. It is known that the number of Election Crimes in North Lombok Regency is eight cases where only one case reached trial and was convicted. The purpose of this research is to find out the law enforcement efforts of Election Crimes in the 2020 regional head elections in North Lombok Regency. The benefits of this research are expected to contribute as a reference for election law enforcers to maintain and uphold elections in accordance with electoral principles. This type of research is empirical legal research using a case approach, conceptual approach, and statutory approach. This research then results in that election crimes are resolved by the North Lombok Regency Gakkumdu Center consisting of elements of the North Lombok Resort Police, the Mataram District Attorney's Office and the North Lombok Regency Bawaslu, which in its implementation, the understanding and focus of knowledge regarding elections and law enforcement of criminal acts are different, resulting in many events registered as alleged violations of election crimes at the North Lombok Regency Bawaslu that cannot be handled until the trial in court, due to factors of fulfillment of the elements of the article, evidence and interpretation of the article among the North Lombok Regency Gakkumdu Center personnel who mostly do not find conclusions that are in agreement with each other.

Illegal Migration to Europe and Nigeria’s Policy Response: Trends and Analysis

Illegal migration poses significant challenges, straining economies, and endangering lives. Nigeria grapples with these issues, with citizens seeking better prospects in Europe. Human trafficking, exploitation, and border control inefficiencies heighten risks. Nigeria's policy response involves diplomatic cooperation, awareness campaigns, and economic reforms to illegal migration, emphasizing regional collaboration for lasting solutions. This paper examines the nature of illegal migration of Nigerians to Europe and Nigeria’s policy response. The study adopted qualitative method of data collection. Findings of the study show that over 5.8 million Nigerian men, women, and children are migrants in Europe. Majority of Nigerians who left the country illegally used the Central Mediterranean Sea en route to reach Italy, Spain, and other European nations. Findings also revealed that thousands of Nigerian youths have left the country as a result of these socio-economic issues, including a lack of employment opportunities, low pay or wages, poverty, failing health care system, failing educational system, unfavourable working conditions, and a high cost of living. The study recommends among others, that Nigeria's policy response should prioritize addressing socioeconomic disparities, unemployment, and insecurity within the country to discourage citizens from seeking illegal migration as a solution. Secondly, Nigeria should enhance cooperation with European nations to combat illegal migration through intelligence sharing, joint law enforcement efforts, and support for repatriation programs.

The Politics of Law Enforcement of Corruption in Indonesia in the Criminal Justice System

Corruption in Indonesia is one of the important problems for Indonesia, in addition to causing impacts in various sectors, corruption also occurs in various institutions both at the local and national levels. Various major cases of corruption also show that various law enforcement efforts are influenced by political interests. Law enforcement against corruption is also very different from other crimes, including because of the many institutions authorized to carry out judicial proceedings against corruption crimes. Such a condition is a logical consequence of the predicate placed on the crime as an extra ordinary crime. The impact of corruption can be seen from the occurrence of various kinds of disasters that directly damage the order of life of the nation, even corruption is also a deprivation of economic rights and social rights of the Indonesian people. This study aims to analyze the political direction of law enforcement to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. The method used in this study is in the form of a mixed method that combines normative juridical research with empirical data in the field. The projected results of this study are in the form of real data regarding the implementation of religious freedom regulations on the UNNES campus. The output of this research is in the form of articles published in accredited national journals.

Implementation of Strategic Leadership in Tackling Drug Abuse in Indonesia

Drug abuse is one of the most serious problems faced by many countries in the world, including Indonesia. The negative impact of drug abuse on individuals, families and society at large is enormous, so effective action is needed to tackle this problem. One approach that can be used is the implementation of strategic leadership in drug abuse. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of strategic leadership in efforts to tackle drug abuse in Indonesia. The research method used is a literature review of strategic leadership and drug abuse, including official documents, books and journals. The data was then analyzed qualitatively to identify elements of strategic leadership that are relevant in the context of drug abuse. The results of this study show that the implementation of strategic leadership in tackling drug abuse can have a significant impact. Leaders who are able to articulate a strong vision, develop a holistic strategy, engage various stakeholders, as well as build effective collaborations, can influence positive changes in drug-related prevention, rehabilitation and law enforcement efforts.

Authority of the KPK and The TNI in Corruption Cases Committed by The Military

Since the reform era, corruption has become a primary concern in the enforcement of the law in Indonesia. It has permeated all fields and sectors, including social services and non-ministerial government institutions responsible for security. The recent KPK arrests of the Head of Basarnas have caused a stir among the public. This situation has triggered public anger following the KPK leadership's apology for not coordinating with Puspom TNI following criticism from them. However, the 2019 Law No. 19 grants authority to the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) to prevent and combat corruption. Therefore, the question arises as to who is authorized to enforce the law against corruption committed by the Indonesian National Army (TNI). How does the process of establishing connectivity between KPK and TNI in law enforcement regarding the TNI corruption case work? The TNI is deemed a legal subject of corruption in various legal provisions. Both the KPK and TNI are trusted to carry out various law enforcement efforts against corrupt activities committed by the TNI. However, it should be noted that the role of the KPK in cases of collusion is not clearly regulated, while the TNI is not clearly regulated in handling special criminal cases such as corruption.

Unveiling poaching patterns and threat sources for informed conservation in southeast Angola

Poaching poses a significant threat to wildlife and ecosystems in southeast Angola, yet comprehensive studies to inform effective conservation strategies have been lacking. This novel study systematically assesses the spatial distribution and influencing factors of poaching activities in the region. Utilizing data from extensive patrolling efforts and predictive modeling, the hotspots and risk zones for wire-snares, gin traps, elephant poaching, and poaching camps are delineated. Our findings reveal distinctive socio-political and geo-ecological patterns governing each type of illegal activity. Wire-snares and gin traps display clear socio-political correlates, with proximity to towns and villages influencing their prevalence. These findings advocate for strategic placement of patrol stations and underscore the need for expanded law enforcement efforts to mitigate these threats. Conversely, elephant poaching for ivory exhibits transboundary influences, with heightened risk zones along international borders. This highlights the urgency of collaborative, transboundary management strategies to counteract external drivers of elephant poaching. Geo-ecologically, closed habitats dominated by woody vegetation, such as shrublands and closed woodlands, are favored for wire-snares and gin traps, likely due to reduced detection risk. Riparian habitats emerge as high-risk areas for elephant poaching and fishing camps, highlighting their importance for targeted conservation interventions. The fine-scale spatial analysis guides resource allocation and law enforcement strategies, while the identification of distinct threat sources informs proactive measures. To curb local demand-driven poaching, community-based conservation and alternative livelihood initiatives are recommended.

Conflict between cultural development and wildlife conservation: A potential threat to Reeves's pheasant (Syrmaticus reevesii)

AbstractReeves's pheasant feathers are used to make headgears for the Chinese opera—Xiqu; however, this posed a considerable threat to the bird's population before it was banned from hunting/trade. It is unclear whether Xiqu‐troupes currently use feathers from wild or captive breeding; therefore, we investigated their source and scale of feather utilization. Through interviews, we clarified the current status of feather‐use by state‐run troupes. We conducted a cluster analysis and established a “random forest” model using stable isotopes as variables to distinguish sources of feathers from Xiqu‐troupes. Annual demand for feathers in China was estimated as 1159.4 pairs. Isotope analysis revealed that feathers used by Xiqu‐troupes are likely derived from wild sources. We suggest strengthening the supervision of acquisition of Reeves's pheasant feathers and harvesting feathers through captive breeding. Stable isotope analysis can be an effective method for identifying the source of tail feathers, which will support law enforcement efforts.

The Legal-Political Urgency of Coal Industry Downstreaming for Democratic and Just National Development

In please fifth Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution emphasize that the principle of social justice mandates the responsibility of the government in developing welfare. After the issuance of Law NO. 3 of 2020, the mineral and coal (minerba) sector plays an important role in national economic growth. However, in practice, it is felt that the government lacks a supervisory function, resulting in a recentralization of authority, both from the aspect of licensing and supervision. Coal industry supervision mechanisms must be further regulated to ensure that the downstream coal industry is not controlled by a handful of people. The formulation of the problem in this journal is what is the mechanism for downstreaming the coal industry as a development of national law? And what is the juridical basis for the delegation of authority for the downstream coal industry in achieving national legal prosperity? This research uses normative juridical method through literature study. Normatively, the legal politics of natural resource management in Indonesia has been determined in the 1945 Constitution, specifically in Article 33 paragraph (2) and paragraph (3). In terms of planning, as well as coordination of intensity implementation supervision has not been carried out optimally, so that it has not supported the realization of sustainable and environmentally sound mining through law enforcement efforts. The recommendation from this study is that policies still need to be synchronized with the provisions of related laws and regulations so that they can become an effective, efficient and comprehensive legal basis in mining operations so as to create legal certainty and provide protection for the community.

Ensuring the Health and Safety of Indonesian School Children: Legal Protections in Snack Consumption

The health and safety of school children in Indonesia in the consumption of snacks in the school environment is an important aspect that needs to be carefully guarded. Ensuring that children receive healthy, safe, and nutritious snacks requires rigorous legal tools. This article reviews the existing legal framework and enforcement measures needed to ensure the health and safety of schoolchildren during snack consumption. While there are already regulations governing snacks, law enforcement, and public awareness in this regard remain a challenge. The government needs to improve law enforcement efforts by conducting strong coordination, strict supervision of food manufacturers, and providing counseling to parents and students on the importance of choosing healthy snacks. With strong regulations and effective law enforcement, we can ensure that schoolchildren in Indonesia consume healthy and safe snacks and support their proper growth and development for a healthier and more competitive young generation for the betterment of the nation.