Latest Movement Research Articles

Kinematic analysis of the Ballard Fault, Swanage, Dorset

Meso-fractures in the vicinity of theBallard fault which occurs in the steep limb of the Purbeck-Isle of Wight monocline southern England are used to settle a long standing controversy concerning the sense of movement on this fault and its age relative to the monocline. Two groups of meso-fractures are recognised, one which is systematically orientated with respect to the bedding and which occurs throughout the monocline and another which is restricted to the footwall of the fault. By considering these fractures and the recent developments in the understanding of the regional geology of the region, it is possible to argue that the Ballard fault is a ramp structure associated with a northward moving thrust which was subsequently folded as the Purbeck-Isle of Wight monocline amplified. Deflection of the local fractures and the bedding close to the fault indicate clearly that the latest movements on the fault were opposed to this thrusting and it is probable that this later movement occurred during the amplification of the monocline either in association with or as an alternative to bedding plane slip.

Structures Associated with Southern Extension of Mid-Continent Rift System in Kansas: ABSTRACT

Distinct geophysical anomalies and attendant rock types of the Mid-Continent rift system (MRS) can be traced southwestward from the Great Lakes region into southern Kansas. Rocks and structural deformation linked to rifting in Kansas occur in a north-northeast-trending 150 km-wide zone. A 50 km-long separation in southeastern Nebraska devoid of rift-derived rocks is related to a crosscutting transform fault or tectonic zone that extends several hundred miles northwest-southeast. Precambrian sedimentary rocks of the MRS occur in fault-bounded basins on either side of a central horst and are derived from the horst and from nearby granitic highlands. North-northeast-trending faults dominate the structure within the MRS in Kansas, but possibly older northwest-trending structures are also important in determining the size, shape, and stratigraphy of individual horst blocks and basins. Both sets of faults were intermittently reactivated, with latest movements recorded within the Phanerozoic sedimentary sequence. Domal culminations and rhomboidal grabens also are recognized along the trend of the MRS, some serving as traps for petroleum accumulation. North-northeast-trending faults show Phanerozoic vertical displacement up to 600 m along the Humboldt fault system. Left-lateral motion (up to 15 km) during the Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian along northwest-trending faults is also suggested. Oil fields producing frommore » several Phanerozoic reservoirs are located along north-northeast-trending structures subparallel to the MRS. Several structures are arranged in left-stepping en echelon patterns.« less

Geochemistry, geochronology, and tectonic implications of two quartz monzonite intrusions, Purcell Mountains, southeastern British Columbia

The Reade Lake and Kiakho stocks are posttectonic mesozonal quartz monzonite porphyries that intrude dominantly Middle Proterozoic Purcell Supergroup rocks in southeastern British Columbia. K–Ar dates of hornblende from the Reade Lake stock range from 103 to 143 Ma. However, a U–Pb date of 94 Ma from zircon concentrates is interpreted to be the age of emplacement of the stock, suggesting the range and older K–Ar dates are due to excess 40Ar. A K–Ar date of 122 Ma for the hornblende from the Kiakho stock is believed to be a more reliable intrusive age.Both stocks cut across and apparently seal two faults that have played roles in the tectonic evolution of the Purcell anticlinorium and Rocky Mountain thrust belt. The Reade Lake stock cuts the St. Mary fault, an east-trending reverse thrust that crosses the Rocky Mountain trench and links with thrusts in the Rocky Mountains; the Kiakho stock cuts the Cranbrook fault, an older east-trending normal fault. Hence, the 94 Ma date on the Reade Lake stock constrains the latest movement on the St. Mary fault to early Late Cretaceous; and the 122 Ma date on the Kiakho stock appears to limit latest movement on the Cranbrook fault to Early Cretaceous. These faults and the intrusions are part of an allochthonous package, displaced eastward by underlying thrust faults during formation of the Purcell anticlinorium and more eastern thrusts in the Rocky Mountains.

China's Military Industrial Complex: Its Approach to the Acquisition of Modern Military Technology

China has begun a new attempt at military modernization. The latest movement to strengthen the Chinese military, articulated by Zhou Enlai in the early 1970s as a key element of the Four Modernizations, took a new impetus after the 1979 Sino-Vietnamese conflict. This was the first major battle the People's Liberation Army (PLA) had participated in since the conflict with India in 1962, and it convinced China's leadership that more than ideology was needed to defend China's interests. Although China's incursion into Vietnam achieved the political goal of diverting Vietnam's attention from Kampuchea to the Sino-Vietnamese border, it also demonstrated the many weaknesses that had evolved from ignoring the needs of the military during the Cultural Revolution. As a result Deng Xioaping, addressing the PLA in September 1981, called the Chinese military to build a powerful, modern, and regularized revolutionary armed force and, on the basis of our steadily expanding economy, [to] improve the army's weapons and equipment and speed up the modernization of our national defense.' Significantly, Deng used the term modernization to mean the upgrading of weapons and equipment. This narrow Chinese usage of the term military modernization will be used in this article; it does not encompass other movements such as reform and regularization of the military.

Late Cretaceous and Paleocene Faulting in Rocky Mountain Foreland and Frontal Thrust Zone, Southeastern Montana: ABSTRACT

The Late Cretaceous and Paleocene structural pattern in southwestern Montana is comprised of three spatially and temporally overlapping sets of structures whose positions strongly reflect the influence of previous basement faults and whose kinematics imply dominantly west-to-east compressive forces. The first of these patterns is a set of steep northwest-trending faults involving the metamorphic basement rocks of the Rocky Mountain foreland. Movement on these faults was oblique (left-reverse) and occurred as a reactivation of faults which developed initially in middle Proterozoic time. Net horizontal shortening by faulting and associated large-scale folding is 10-20 km (6-12 mi). Another fault pattern within the foreland is a set of widely spaced, gently west-dipping thrusts. These thrusts also involve basement rocks and appear to have been controlled by previous zones of weakness within the crust. Movement is principally dip-slip and latest movement appears to involve tearing on the northwest-trending fault set. Shortening by basement thrusting and associated folding is 20-25 km (12-15 mi). The other structural pattern is that of the frontal fold and thrust zone on the western boundary of the foreland and the zone of transverse thrusting on the northern boundary. These zones of impinging thrusts also involve basement rocks principally as slices that were picked off from underlying basement highs during ramping. As the thrusts of the frontal zone advanced to the east they impinged on northwest-trending foreland anticlines and were torn on the northwest-trending faults. The transverse thrust zone on the north involves right-reverse movement with about 20 km (12 mi) of west-east displacement. The zone is fundamentally a transverse ramp produced by deflection along the east-trending Willow Creek fault zone of Proterozoic age. End_of_Article - Last_Page 948------------

A geodynamic model for some structures within and adjacent to the Okanagan Valley, southern British Columbia

Detailed and reconnaissance mapping of areas along the east and west sides of the Okanagan Valley, from the International Boundary in the south to Kamloops in the north, has revealed a similarity in structural sequence and geometry in rocks ranging in age from Pennsylvanian (Harper Ranch, Anarchist, Kobau, Old Tom, and Shoemaker Groups) through Late Triassic – Early Jurassic (Nicola, Sicamous, and Slocan Groups).Earliest recognizable folds, F1, have northerly trending axes, are isoclinal in form, and are disrupted on all scales by a strongly penetrative second phase of deformation, F2. This second phase is characterized by northerly and southerly verging isoclinal folds having east–west axes that are very nearly parallel with a well-developed stretching lineation, L2. Mylonitic lamination is developed parallel with these F2 axial surfaces. A third phase of folding, F3, comprising more unright open structures having a consistent southerly vergence, deforms the earlier F1 and F3 structures. Later phases of deformation, F4 and F5, almost coeval, have produced the present foliation configuration outlining basins and domes and associated northerly trending normal faults.Progressive metamorphism accompanied F1, F2, and F3 deformations and peaked during F2. F4 and F5 are associated with a thermal event resulting in resetting of most radiometric ages within the region.F1 deformation is probably Permo-Triassic in age and associated with lower greenschist metamorphism, whereas F2 and F3, associated with a much higher metamorphism up to amphibolite facies, affect all the sedimentary rocks within the region and apparently terminated by about 178 Ma (K–Ar on hornblende), Triassic – Early Jurassic. The latest movements, F4 and F5, involve volcanic rocks whose age of crystallization is set radiometrically at about Eocene.A plate model involving easterly obduction during the Permo-Triassic, followed by easterly dipping subduction with associated dextral transform movement during the Late Triassic – Early Jurassic, is proposed to explain the observed geometry. A mantle diapir below the region is rationalized to explain the localized high heat flow during Eocene time.

Evaluation of Geothermal Potential of Truth or Consequences Area, New Mexico: ABSTRACT

Truth or Consequences, New Mexico, is the site of a known thermal anomaly with free-flowing artesian wells and springs ranging in temperature from 36.7 to 45.6°C. Recently completed electrical resistivity surveys and hydrogeologic studies indicate two specific areas worthy of further evaluation for low to moderate-temperature geothermal potential: one area about 1 km northwest of Truth or Consequences, and the other at the southwestern end of the Mud Springs Mountains. The DC electrical resistivity study consisted of three Schlumberger vertical electric soundings and an extensive roving bipole-dipole survey in the vicinity of the previously mentioned target areas. Three total-field apparent resistivity maps were generated from the data collected during the roving bip le-dipole survey. To demonstrate the effect of lateral heterogeneities in the geothermal reservoir zone, these maps were compared with theoretical total-field maps computed for a one-dimensional layered earth. Combined electric, hydrologic, and lithologic data indicate that the major thermal aquifer is a fault-bounded block of Pennsylvanian limestone with a major recharge area in the Mud Springs Mountains. This carbonate aquifer is approximately 1 km thick and, locally buried as much as 120 m beneath Quaternary alluvium and the nonthermal piedmont aquifer. Transport of thermal waters from the carbonate aquifer into the Rio Grande flood-plain aquifer occurs along a N60°W-trending reverse fault zone which dips 60°N. Latest movement along this fault zone has tentatively been dated as middle to late Pleistocene. The heat source for the thermal aquifer may be related to early Pleistocene igneous activity. End_of_Article - Last_Page 564------------

The Jomon Dwelling Site Displaced by the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line, Southeast of Lake Suwa, Central Japan

An active fault, by which middle Jomon dwelling site was displaced, was found at the Kojinyama Site constructed on a small fan in the southeastern side of Lake Suwa, Nagano Prefecture.This fault has NW-SE direction with vertical displacement of 60cm at the maximum, and a small displacement of left lateral sense. Judging from the situation and direction of the fault, it is most probably a part of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line. As the fault cuts the dwelling site of the middle Jomon age (ca. 4, 500y.B.P.), the formation of the fault was just after the construction of the dwelling or later in age.The latest movement of the Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line near Lake Suwa, is more dominated by vertical sense than lateral movement, judging from the displacement of dwelling as well as that of the nearly fan surface (correlated to the Tachikawa surface in Kanto).

Structural Analysis of the Snake Range ‘Décollement,’ East-Central Nevada

Research Article| June 01, 1974 Structural Analysis of the Snake Range ‘Décollement,’ East-Central Nevada PETER J. CONEY PETER J. CONEY 1Department of Geology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information PETER J. CONEY 1Department of Geology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753 Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (1974) 85 (6): 973–978. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<973:SAOTSR>2.0.CO;2 Article history First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation PETER J. CONEY; Structural Analysis of the Snake Range ‘Décollement,’ East-Central Nevada. GSA Bulletin 1974;; 85 (6): 973–978. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1974)85<973:SAOTSR>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract Minor structures associated with the Snake Range “décollement” at six sites in east-central Nevada are used to infer direction of movement of rocks above the “décollement” with respect to rocks below. Analysis indicates latest movement varied at each site and was down the present dip of the “décollement.” The directions inferred range from westward through southward to eastward. When combined with evidence of Tertiary age for latest movement on the “décollement,” the data support a denudation fault model rather than regional Mesozoic décollement models. This suggests that the tectonic pattern may have more to do with post-Eocene evolution of the Great Basin ignimbrite-block fault province than with the Mesozoic Sevier orogenic belt. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

The Catamaran Fault, North-Central New Brunswick

The Catamaran Fault cuts pre-Carboniferous rocks of the Miramichi Geanticline in north-central New Brunswick. It has been examined for about 60 miles (100 km) across the intrusive and metamorphic core of the geanticline and into the Siluro-Devonian flank rocks. The fault strikes easterly in the core and northeasterly in the flanks.Where displacement could be determined movement on the fault is mainly right lateral strike-slip. There is no evidence for major dip-slip. Fracture analysis indicates that faulting was in response to a northwest-southeast trending principal compressive stress similar to that deduced for other faults in the Maritime Provinces. Latest movement along the fault was post-Middle Devonian (i.e. post-dates the emplacement of the Acadian granite) and pre-Pennsylvanian.The Catamaran Fault may extend eastward along a fault possibly underlying Miramichi Bay and continuing under the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and westward along a southwesterly trending fault in western New Brunswick. As such the Catamaran Fault may exceed 250 miles (400 km) in length.

Tectonic Map of Arctic Polar Regions of Earth: ABSTRACT

The Tectonic Map of the Polar Regions of the Earth, scale 1:10,000,000, was compiled using the historic-genetic principle of distinguishing geostructural regions on the basis of genesis and age of their consolidation. The map is accompanied with sketches of geotectonic zonation, neotectonics, and geophysical characteristics reflecting deep features of the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The history of the earth's polar regions has changed since early Proterozoic time and the two regions differ with respect to their deep-seated structure. The Arctic and Antarctic, although they are regions where the Pacific and Atlantic geostructural segments join, did not have similar geosynclinal and tectono-magmatic development trends. In the Arctic, the stable Precambrian platform underwent fragmentation which gave rise to smaller platforms and central stable regions fringed by fold systems of Baikalides, Caledonides, Hercynides, and Mesozoides. Dissymmetry of the Arctic structure is outlined by a different degree of stability of its western and eastern segments. The earth's crust in the Arctic has a complex structure with major thickness changes. In the Arctic basin 3 types of areas can be distinguished: normal ocean, trans-ocean ridge area (Lomonosov and Mendeleyev Ridges, and the Sever Rise), and the Canada basin. The Antarctic, in contrast to the northern polar region, represents a heterogenetic pre-Riphean platform of a Gondwana type, similar to the platforms of Africa, South America, Australia, and India. In West Antarctica the platform is fringed with Antarctandes belonging to the mobile Pacific belt. The magmatic complexes in the Archean and Proterozoic of the two polar regions are of almost the same type. The Antarctic is characterized by a widely developed charnokite formation. In the southern polar region, magmatism is predominantly inherited in character; the Andean intrusive complex (which is confined to the Antarctandes zone) is an exception. The Antarctic continent possesses continental and suboceanic crust within the west-east Antarctica zone of juncture. The Southern Ocean has oceanic crust complicated somewhat by submarine ridges. It is postulated that during the geologic past the thickness and crustal structure changed sharply in the Arctic but remained more stable in the Antarctic. The youngest tectonic event to affect the Antarctic was the reactivization of geostructural features that produced powerful block movements. Thus, the latest movements in the Arctic have been vertical, but downward. Those in the Antarctic were vertical, but upward. In addition to these movements of opposite sense, a concentric distribution of the main features of geostructures about the geographical poles can be seen in both polar regions. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2479------------

THE ACKLINGTON DYKE—A PROTON MAGNETOMETER SURVEY

Summary The Acklington Dyke, a tholeiitic dolerite in north-west Northumberland, is a member of the Tertiary Mull swarm and is intruded into Lower Old Red Sandstone lavas and Lower Carboniferous sediments. It was surveyed for fifteen miles from Hophills Nob in Roxburghshire to Alwinton in Northumberland by means of a proton magnetometer which is a highly sensitive instrument and capable of rapid manipulation. The dyke has been cut by numerous faults, chiefly trending between 040 and 050 degrees, and has been shifted by almost all; in most cases the movement is sinistral. The latest movement occurred after the phase of dyke intrusion which was probably of Lower Miocene age. Southwards the Outer Pennine Fault on the edge of the Alston Block is known to be Tertiary; it is suggested that the Craven and Dent faults as well may have been involved in the same Tertiary transcurrent movements that shifted the Acklington Dyke in Northumberland.

Evidence for Strike-Slip Faulting Along the Brevard Zone in North Carolina

The Brevard zone is a narrow belt of steeply dipping low-grade metamorphic rocks known to extend for at least 375 miles from near Montgomery, Alabama, northeast to Mount Airy, North Carolina. It probably continues northeastward into Virginia, but its position there can only be inferred. The Brevard zone separates the Blue Ridge geologic belt on the northwest from the Inner Piedmont belt on the southeast, but it is only locally coincident with the physiographic boundary between the Blue Ridge and Piedmont. The Brevard zone has previously been interpreted both as a narrow syncline of younger rocks infolded into a terrane of metamorphic and plutonic rocks and as a belt of retrogressively metamorphosed rocks along an overthrust fault (the Martic or Brevard overthrust). Detailed mapping and petrographic studies southeast of the Grandfather Mountain window in North Carolina show that there the Brevard is a fault zone, and rocks along this fault zone display pervasive structural and metamorphic effects related to it across an outcrop width of as much as 5 miles. Latest movement along the zone occurred after major thrusting along the Linville Falls fault, which bounds the Grandfather Mountain window, and before emplacement of an unaltered diabase dike believed to be Late Triassic. Reconnaissance field and petrographic studies along the zone in North Carolina, South Carolina, and northern Georgia support the conclusion that the Brevard is a fault zone. The linearity of the zone, the presence of blastomylonite and phyllonite within it, the horizontal cataclastic lineation associated with it, and the contrast in rocks across it suggest that the Brevard is a zone of strike-slip faulting of great magnitude. Right-lateral displacement of at least 135 miles is believed to have occurred in late Paleozoic or Early Triassic time or both.

The Palmerville fault — a “fundamental” structure in North Queensland∗

Abstract The Palmerville Fault in North Queensland is an important structure with a probable length of at least 600 miles, extending from Princess Charlotte Bay in the north to Townsville in the south, and controlling the configuration of the coast line of eastern Cape York and at Halifax Bay. The fault forms the western boundary of both the Palaeozoic Hodgkinson Basin (Tasman Geosyncline) and of the Mesozoic Laura Basin, and has been active at least four times since the Silurian. The latest movements took place during the late Cainozoic.

Analysis of Basin-Range Structure, South-Central Oregon

The late Tertiary basalt flows covering south-central Oregon have been intricately faulted to form a distinct fracture pattern and conspicuous horsts, grabens, and tilted fault blocks. The faults form a rhombic pattern and are in two principal sets—one striking approximately N. 35° W. and the other N. 20° E. Evidence indicates that the sets were contemporaneous in origin and that movements occurred concurrently along both sets. The latest movement was dip-slip; strike-slip movement had occurred previously. The traces of intersecting faults across escarpment faces, the presence of pivotal faults, and the results of a seismic-refraction study suggest that near-vertical faults may be dominant. The contemporaneous origin of the two fault sets, the intersection angle of approximately 55°, and the nearly vertical dips indicate that the faults originally developed as conjugate strike-slip shears in a stress system characterized by a north-south maximum principal stress and an east-west minimum principal stress. Subsequent to the development of the rhombic fracture system, block faulting occurred in which the dominant movement on the shears was dip-slip. This movement does not reflect the stress system that produced the faults, but represents a redistribution of surface forces acting on individual fault blocks.

Contemporary English Poetry

To me, as a writer of the older generation, it is a piece of good fortune that the Editor, when he suggested the preparation of this article, did not stipulate that its scope should be restricted to a consideration of what is known, specifically, as “modern” poetry. Not that I, personally, am out of sympathy with even the latest movement at a time when the younger poets are displaying an exceptional vigour and enterprise—only that the term “contemporary” allows me a wider latitude of appreciation, enabling me to make a more catholic survey inclusive of a greater number of writers.

Antiquity

WITH its December issue, Antiquity completes its eighth year. The editor of the only free-lance journal entirely devoted to archaeological matters is to be congratulated on his success in having carried through this enterprise successfully, and without the assistance of any official organisation, in a period of exceptional difficulty. While there is undoubtedly a considerable public which is interested in archaeological discovery up to a point, to hold that interest requires both tact and judgment. The editor, whose aim is to present to his readers scientifically sound and accurate information of the latest movements in archaeological discovery in a popular form, has a difficult course to steer, if he is to avoid the appeal to the sensationalism which flavours the news of ‘finds’ as it appears in most of the daily Press. On the other hand, the editor of Antiquity, both by his own ‘tilting’ in his unconventional notes and otherwise, encourages his contributors to an engaging freedom of treatment which in itself adds no little attraction to the pages of his periodical. The contents of Antiquity of December illustrate these qualities admirably. If, for example, Mr. Noel Myres' criticism of Dr. Mortimer Wheeler's article in a previous issue on the topography of Saxon London ventilates further a subject which is of perennial interest to a wide circle, Dr. Wheeler's reply will appeal equally to those who appreciate learning worn lightly. Among the remaining contents of this issue, which, are as a whole no less attractive, it is, perhaps, permissible to refer to the contribution by Sir George Macdonald on the Romans in the Middle East, which is an illuminating commentary on M. A. Poidebard's recently published air survey of the Roman frontier in Syria. Like its predecessors, this issue fully supports the editor's appeal for an extended circulation to ensure the continued existence of a publication which is doing excellent work for archaeological science by keeping its achievement before a wider public than is reached through channels of a more formal nature.

Geological Notes

AMONG recent publications of the Geologische Reichsanstalt of Vienna, Herr G. Geyer (Verhandlungen, 1904, p. 363) discusses the nature of the pre-Jurassic floor of Austria, from a study of blocks of crystalline rock embedded in Liassic sandstone, and of the island-like. “Klippe,” formed of granite, which lies N.W. of Weyer, and which has been utilised for the memorial of von Buch. This mass of granite, by-the-by (Toula, ibid., 1905, p. 89), was correctly appreciated as a projecting mass of older land, and not as an erratic block, by von Hochstetter as far back as 1869. Herr Geyer refers to many instances of “exotic blocks” north of the Alps, and points out the influence of the old gneissic and granitic foundation on the subsequent folding in the region of the Enns. Herr R. J. Schubert (ibid., 1904, p. 461) adds greatly to our knowledge of the Upper Eocene and Oligocene beds of Dalmatia, while Dr. Franz Kossmat (ibid., 1905, p. 71) shows how the Sava began to flow eastward on the uplifted floor of a Miocene gulf, and formed the plain near Laibach by filling in a depression that developed during the latest movements of the Alps. In the department of palæontology, Dr. Katzer (ibid., 1905, p. 45) furnishes an interesting account of the microscopic structure of the Devonian Tentaculite-limestones of Bohemia, which may be regarded as a valuable supplement to Novák's work on Tentaculites (Beiträge zur Pal. Oesterreich-Ungarns, ii. Bd., 1882). Herr Theodor Fuchs (Jahrbuch der k.k. Reichsanstalt, 1904, p. 359) reviews in considerable detail a number of recent papers on fucoids, and concludes that these problematic organisms were not washed into the strata after the manner of floating seaweeds, but arose where they are now found. He insists that museum-specimens in such cases are likely to be misleading, and that a study of fucoids in the field shows that some, at any rate, run perpendicularly to the strata by which-they are surrounded. Herr G. Stache (Verhandlungen, 1905, p. 100) again investigates the globular Cretaceous organism named by him Bradya, and gives it new interest by showing its resemblance, in structure and mode of occurrence, to Brady's recent genus Keramosphæra, described in 1882 from the deep sea south of Australia. Bradya has long been connected with Steinmann's hydrozoan form Porosphæra; but Stache is now able to revive it, and once more to refer it to the foraminifera. Students of our well known British form Parkeria will find much to interest them in this paper. Herren Hofmann and Zdarsky (Jahrbuch, 1904, p. 577) discuss and illustrate the dentition of Deinotherium, and the abundant remains of a species of antelope, from the Miocene beds of Leoben.

Tub Meaning of England's Latest Movement in Education.—(II.)

Tub Meaning of England's Latest Movement in Education.—(II.)

The Meaning of England's Latest Movement in Education.—(I.)

The Meaning of England's Latest Movement in Education.—(I.)