Large-scale Communication Research Articles

Assessment of Four Essential Features of the Alive & Thrive Initiative to Improve Maternal, Infant, Young Child, and Adolescent Nutrition.

Alive & Thrive has been a major global nutrition initiative that aimed to learn how to improve maternal, infant, young child, and adolescent nutrition and health on a large scale. During 2009-2014, Alive & Thrive developed and implemented interventions to improve infant and young child feeding at scale in three countries. Subsequently, Alive & Thrive expanded its work to more than 15 geographies, including six country-specific and two regional programs, to additionally address maternal and adolescent nutrition while adding agriculture and social protection programs to improve maternal, infant, and young child nutrition. Reflecting on the big picture of what the Alive & Thrive initiative has accomplished in its 16 years and how it did so, four features warranted emphasis because additional learning was needed. These four features were: commitment to exemplary large-scale social and behaviour change communication, explicit focus on policy and advocacy to achieve and sustain change, promotion of country-led initiatives through technical assistance, and attention to quality assurance and improvement in programming. For each feature, an assessment across the Alive & Thrive portfolio was commissioned, each led by an external consultant or team. The assessments highlighted designing and implementing exemplary social and behaviour change programming and policy advocacy in each country, undertaking a large-scale effort through careful, in-depth, and evidence-based planning that is bolstered by strong engagement with relevant stakeholders at multiple levels. The assessments also highlighted technical assistance that is responsive to country contexts to support country-led initiatives and attention to assuring and improving the quality of programming to achieve effectiveness.

High-Brightness Color-Tunable AC-Driven Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes for Integrated Passive High-Electric-Field Contactless Detection.

This work explores the carrier recombination dynamics of AC-driven quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (AC-QLEDs) and proposes their application in the field of electric field contactless detection. Different sequences of green QD (GQD)/red QD (RQD) bilayer thin films as the emission layer of AC-QLEDs were fabricated via film transfer printing to ensure the complete morphology of each layer. AC-QLEDs with the emission layer as the sequence of GQD + RQD (GR-QLEDs) show a significantly enhanced carrier recombination efficiency due to its stable energy level structure, achieving the highest peak brightness ever recorded for vertically emitting brightness of 1648.2 cd/m2 depending on the carriers generated inside the device under AC bias. Owing to an imbalance in the carrier concentration generated by two sides of the emission layer, the proportion of emitted green light changes with the electric field strength, resulting in a macroscopic color shift of GR-QLEDs. The results indicate that although no carriers are injected directly from two electrodes, the equilibrium-induced carrier concentration under the AC electric field remains important. We utilized this unique device structure and color shift of GR-QLEDs for on-site inspection of large-scale communications power consumption. The patterned detector displays a significant color change from 9 × 106 to 6 × 107 V/m. True noncontact direct visualization detection was conducted under variable electric fields from 1 × 107 to 2 × 107 V/m in the vicinity of the running cable by emitting bright light. The proposed passive electric field detector is well-suited for investigating air gap discharge and monitoring spatial electric fields, featuring high integration, transparency, lightweight characteristics, high sensitivity, and broad bandwidth.

Quantum networks with coherent routing of information through multiple nodes

Large-scale communication networks, such as the Internet, rely on routing packets of data through multiple intermediate nodes to transmit information from a sender to a receiver. In this paper, we develop a model of a quantum communication network that routes information simultaneously along multiple paths passing through intermediate stations. We demonstrate that a quantum routing approach can in principle extend the distance over which information can be transmitted reliably. Surprisingly, the benefit of quantum routing also applies to the transmission of classical information: even if the transmitted data is purely classical, delocalising it on multiple routes can enhance the achievable transmission distance. Our findings highlight the potential of a future quantum internet not only for achieving secure quantum communication and distributed quantum computing but also for extending the range of classical data transmission.

Mask-coding-assisted continuous-variable quantum direct communication with orbital angular momentum multiplexing

Abstract Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is an approach of communication to transmitting secret messages based on quantum mechanics. Different from the quantum key distribution, secret messages can be transmitted directly on quantum channel with QSDC. Higher channel capacity and noise suppression capabilities are key to achieving longdistance quantum communication. Here we report a continuous-variable QSDC scheme based on mask-coding and orbital angular momentum, in which the mask-coding is employed to protect the security of the transmitting messages and to suppression the influence of excess noise. And the combination of orbital angular momentum and the information block transmission can effectively improve the secrecy capacity. In the 800 information blocks × 1310 bits length 10-km experiment, the results show that the statistical average of bit error rate reached 0.38%, and the system excess noise is 0.0184 SNU, and the final secrecy capacity is 6.319×106 bps. Therefore, this scheme reduces error bits while increasing secrecy capacity, providing a solution for long-distance large-scale quantum communication, which has capacity of transmitting text, images, and other information of reasonable size.

Research on Distributed Access Simulation of Large-Scale Multi-Source Terminals for 5G

Large-scale machine communication scenarios are faced with the characteristics of a large number of terminal devices, small communication packets and frequent transmissions. Traditional multiple access technology can’t fully apply to these characteristics, so it needs to be improved and designed. In order to further improve the effect of distributed access strategy formulation of large-scale multi-source terminal for 5G, this paper proposes a distributed access technology for large-scale multi-source terminals for 5G. For distributed access scenarios, antenna units in the distributed system are scattered in the system, and each antenna unit keeps communication with the surrounding terminal equipment, which can expand the number of terminal devices randomly accessed in the same time slot. Then, taking advantage of this inherent advantage and the advantage of time-shifted pilot, this paper proposes a distributed random access scheme based on time-shifted pilot. Finally, through analysis and simulation, this paper proves that this scheme can effectively reduce the pilot collision probability of each antenna element and the average access delay in the system, which provides a technical reference for the subsequent distributed access of large-scale multi-source terminals.

Деконструкция текста в сетевой коммуникации: гипертекст как новый механизм социальной коммуникации

The article presents the analysis of the transformation of texts as mechanisms of social communication, in particular in digital social reality. The transformation of social reality is updated in various spheres of human life – social communication, self-identification, sociocultural codes and rituals. Any text (statement), being a social action, is an institutional construct and correlates with the structure of the social reality of its generation. The sociological perspective of the study of texts is based on the combination of two methodological approaches - solidaristic and critical, which, however, assume the primacy of social structure and the secondary nature of language (text). In the context of the methodology of symbolic interactionism, it is shown that the meaning of any text is determined by the sociocultural context. The theory of speech acts considers all texts as sets of social actions (speech acts), the adequate interpretation of which is determined by their compliance with established social norms and traditions. The modern social reality of the digital community is characterized by uncertainty, instability and many risky situations. Under these conditions, all texts as social constructs also changed their functions. This is especially true for the texts that provide social communication in the virtual reality of the Internet. The shift in the communicative function of the text towards pragmatics led to the changes in text structures and the emergence of a new format – a hypertext. The specificity of hypertext is actualized in its nonlinearity, fragmentation and uncertainty. Network social communication, as an indirect environment remote from the communicants in time and space, operates with hypertexts containing, in addition to the primary text, evaluation comments, links and allusions. This property of hypertexts (intertextuality) provides large-scale social communication between countless numbers of communicators. The social consequences of the functioning of hypertexts are to ensure and maintain social equality between users of the Internet space.

Asynchronous quantum repeater using multiple quantum memory.

A full-fledged quantum network relies on the formation of entangled links between remote location with the help of quantum repeaters. The famous Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller quantum repeater protocol is based on long distance single-photon interference (SPI), which not only requires high phase stability but also cannot generate maximally entangled state. Here, we propose a quantum repeater protocol using the idea of post-matching, which retains the same efficiency as the SPI protocol, reduces the phase-stability requirement and can generate maximally entangled state in principle. We also outline an implementation of our scheme based on the Kerr nonlinear resonator. Numerical simulations show that our protocol has its superiority by comparing with existing protocols under a generic noise model and show the feasibility of building a large-scale quantum communication network with our scheme. We believe our work represents a crucial step towards the construction of a fully-connected quantum network.

Generating Large-Scale Synthetic Communication Topologies for Cyber–Physical Power Systems

Generating Large-Scale Synthetic Communication Topologies for Cyber–Physical Power Systems

Flexible printing paper-based reconfigurable smart metasurfaces

In the rapidly evolving wireless communication landscape, achieving full-dimensional coverage poses a gamut of challenges such as intricacy, high hardware costs and energy consumption. In addressing these issues, reconfigurable metasurfaces are being considered as a potential solution. However, traditional methods of producing reconfigurable metasurfaces via printed circuit board (PCB) technologies possess limitations such as high cost and extended production cycles. Particularly, in the context of large-scale communication scenarios, reconfigurable metasurfaces can also present high energy consumption issues. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel type of intelligent reflection surface (IRS) characterized by lower production costs, reduced energy consumption, enhanced flexibility, ease of manufacture, and superior electromagnetic wave modulation capabilities. The proposed reconfigurable smart metasurface is a paper-based metasurface printed with conductive ink, which uses conductive ink to draw base metal blocks on a flexible substrate, and uses silver-tin as a metal patch between the metal blocks, and the phase response is reconstructed with silver ink. By adjusting the distribution of these metallic patches, we tailor the phase and amplitude distributions to generate specific scattering effects. This paper presents designs of six patterns that yield single-beam and dual-beam, with experimental results aligning closely with simulated results, validating the feasibility of the proposed method. This low-power, low-cost, and efficient IRS is expected to pave a new path for advanced 5 G/6G wireless communication technologies.

Research on PCI Sequence Optimization in Large-scale Mobile Communication Networks based on Genetic Algorithm

Research on PCI Sequence Optimization in Large-scale Mobile Communication Networks based on Genetic Algorithm

StarCross: Redactable blockchain-based secure and lightweight data sharing framework for satellite-based IoT

Due to limitations in network coverage and capacity, terrestrial networks cannot meet the growing demand for widespread intelligent applications in recent years. The increasingly popular Satellite-based Internet of Things (S-IoT), with its extensive and boundless coverage, has emerged as the optimal solution. However, the large-scale distributed communication and services have led to significant challenges in scalability and security. Blockchain can help mitigate security and privacy issues in data sharing of S-IoT. To address these challenges, we propose StarCross, a secure and lightweight data sharing framework for S-IoT based on redactable blockchain. Firstly, we develop a space-ground collaborative sharding blockchain network architecture. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite network serves as the communication intermediary between shards. Secondly, StarCross employs an improved Proof of Work (PoW) consensus based on dynamic difficulty to mitigate the challenges of uneven computing power and centralization within each shard. To ensure the atomicity of cross-shard transactions, StarCross introduces a blockchain rewriting mechanism called RBCVC, which combines chameleon hash and voting-based consensus. Thirdly, we conducted theoretical analysis and experimental evaluations of StarCross. The results indicate that compared to existing solutions, StarCross achieves better scalability and security in S-IoT. StarCross’s TPS increased to 260.9% of the baseline, while the transaction confirmation latency decreased by 79.7%.

Quantum multicast based on joint remote state preparation

Effective propagation of information among multiple users is the purpose of realizing large-scale quantum communication networks. In this paper, multicast protocols for any single, two and three qubits with real amplitude and complex phase information are presented. They were realized using a composite of Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states as shared channels. Joint remote state preparation was the main method for completing quantum multicast. At the same time, quantum state tomography of the schemes was carried out on the IBM Quantum platform. The obtained states were compared with the target states by fidelity. The analysis of communication efficiency and noise effects shows that our protocol has advantages in the case of complex coefficients.

Cascaded partitioned phase modulation for cross-connection of orbital angular momentum mode and polarization multiplexing channels.

Multi-dimensional orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode multiplexing provides a promising route for enlarging communication capacity and establishing comprehensive networks. While multi-dimensional multiplexing has gained advancements, the cross-connection of these multiplexed channels, especially involving modes and polarizations, remains challenging due to the needs for multi-mode interconversion and on-demand polarization control. Herein, we propose an OAM mode-polarization cross-transformation solution via cascaded partitioned phase modulation, which enables the divergently separated OAM modes to be independently phase-imposed within distinct spatial regions, leading to the synergistic conversion operation of mode and polarization channels. In demonstrations, we implemented the cross-connection of three OAM modes and two polarization multiplexed channels, achieving the mode purity that exceeds 0.951 and polarization contrast up to 0.947. The measured mode insertion losses and polarization conversion losses are below 3.42 and 3.54 dB, respectively. Consequently, 1.2 Tbit/s quadrature phase shift keying signals were successfully exchanged, yielding the bit-error-rates close to 10-6. Incorporating with increased partitioned phase treatments, this approach shows promise in accommodating massive mode-polarization multiplexed channels, which hold the potential to augment networking capability of large-scale OAM mode multiplexing communication networks.

Mitigating climate risk in the Mekong Delta: insights from a large-scale communication field study in Vietnam

ABSTRACT Women in developing countries are disproportionately vulnerable to climate risks. The perception of these risks – which can vary by gender – shapes how people decide to adapt, which in turn drives how these risks are realised as impacts and consequences. This paper examines: (1) the differences of perception between women and men about climate risks; (2) if these differences can be explained by a variety of socio-economic factors; and (3) whether the gendered perception gap could be eliminated by a targeted communication intervention that informed participants about long-term climate risks in the region and was delivered by a local news weather anchor. We examined these questions through pre- and post-intervention surveys with 724 inhabitants of peri urban Can Tho, in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. Results show that women were less familiar with climate risks in their community. The gendered perception gap was partially attributed to differences in education, livelihoods, and access to information. This gap was partially eliminated after the communication intervention, which suggests that a targeted communication intervention can enhance capacity to adapt to climate risks. This research provides valuable insights for climate communicators, especially for those working with non-WIERD populations, and can support adaptability for vulnerable populations.

LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF LINGVOCULTUREMES USED IN HISTORICAL WORKS (BASED ON THE WORK “TEMURNAMA” BY SALAKHIDDIN TASHKANDI)

As a result of large-scale international communication, due to the growing scientific and technical process and globalization, attention has recently begun to be paid to the cultural aspects of these relations. The need to study intercultural communication has increased. Naturally, such communication is characterized by a clash of different cultures, and this, in turn, creates some barriers to communication. Currently, the change of the linguistic and cultural paradigm, rapidly developing times and globalization require paying attention to linguistic issues, but also to its cultural aspects. The solution of complex connections between language and culture requires a comprehensive linguocultural approach.

Implementation and Evaluation of a Multi-level, Place-Based Tobacco Prevention and Control Program at a Minority-Serving Institution in Texas.

Multi-level, place-based interventions have proven effective at promoting a range of health behaviors, including tobacco control and discouraging the uptake of tobacco products. This paper describes the implementation and impact of a 3-year, multi-level tobacco prevention and control program at a community-college minority-serving institution (MSI) on the Texas Gulf Coast within the context of a broader multi-sector, cross-functional health coalition. The intervention studied included a tobacco-free policy, a large-scale communication campaign highlighting parts of the intervention and prevention and cessation resources. The intervention was bolstered by the support of a community-led Steering Committee and tobacco control experts. Results from the first 3years of implementation show that tobacco-free policies were largely supported by community members, awareness of the policy increased over time, and tobacco prevention and cessation resources were successfully embedded into campus norms. This multi-component approach shows how a community college was able to effectively reach students and staff on their campus to increase awareness of both the campus tobacco-free policy and the availability of tobacco prevention and cessation resources. Additionally, it also offers lessons for future tobacco prevention and control work in higher education.

Focus tunable vector autofocusing Airy vortex beams resist atmospheric turbulence.

The rapid increase in orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode size with increasing modal order, given the limited-size of the receiver, is a major impediment to high-capacity OAM mode multiplexing in practice. Based on the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase theory, we correlate the change of the polarization state with the curvature of the wavefront isophase line in the source plane and manipulate the focusing ability of vector autofocusing Airy vortex beam (AAVB) by combining the isophase line curvature and the intensity gradient of the beam, which are two independent degrees of freedom. The present method enables flexible on-demand focusing of vector AAVBs in free space and is more effective in focusing higher order OAM modes, which can reduce the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the AAVB with topological charge l= 25 to 1/5 of that of the conventional scalar type. And the modulated vector AAVB is superior to the conventional scalar one in terms of mitigating atmospheric turbulent disturbance. The work provides a potentially useful basis for improving the capability of future free-space OAM systems for large-scale dense communications.

Stability Analysis for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Molecular Communication Systems.

Molecular communication (MC) is recently featured as a novel communication tool to connect individual biological nanorobots. It is expected that a large number of nanorobots can form large multi-agent MC systems through MC to accomplish complex and large-scale tasks that cannot be achieved by a single nanorobot. However, most previous models for MC systems assume a unidirectional diffusion communication channel and cannot capture the feedback between each nanorobot, which is important for multi-agent MC systems. In this paper, we introduce a system theoretic model for large-scale multi-agent MC systems using transfer functions, and then propose a method to analyze the stability for multi-agent MC systems. The proposed method decomposes the multi-agent MC system into multiple single-input and single-output (SISO) systems, which facilitates the application of simple analysis technique for SISO systems to the large-scale multi-agent MC system. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed method by analyzing the stability of a specific large-scale multi-agent MC system and clarify a parameter region to synchronize the states of nanorobots, which is important to make cooperative behaviors at a population level.

DIGITAL BOUNCER

Digital Bouncer presents an innovative solution, amalgamating an integrated platform for streamlined mass messaging and e-commerce capabilities. This comprehensive platform empowers users with efficient message dissemination to diverse audiences, comprising two pivotal components: a feature-rich e-commerce website and specialized software for message/email dissemination. The user-friendly website interface facilitates tailored messaging preferences and seamless product purchases. Key features include "Number Harbour," facilitating access to a large volume of numbers pertinent to specific location-based requirements following with dissemination of message according to user preference. Additionally, the integration of Telegram Automator and WhatsApp Automator software enriches communication avenues. Furthermore, the provision of a secure payment gateway enables hassle-free transactions, elevating Digital Bouncer as an all-encompassing solution catering to large-scale communication and e-commerce needs. Index Terms - Integrated Platform, Mass Messaging, E-commerce, User Empowerment, Tailored Messaging, Product Purchases, Number Harbour , Automatic Replies, Telegram Automator, WhatsApp Automator, Payment Gateway, Secure Transactions.

"Research on the Application of Visible Light Communication in IoT System Configuration"

The growing need for seamless connectivity on the internet of things (IoT) paradigm has fueled the development of innovative technologies. This research deeply focuses on the integration of visible light communications (VLC) to configure the wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes in an IoT system. VLC, an emerging technology that uses visible light to transmit data, is not limited in frequency and maximizes security in wireless data transmission. Furthermore, due to the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in almost every aspect of our daily lives, VLC is providing massive connectivity for various types of large-scale IoT communications, from machine to machine, vehicle to infrastructure, infrastructure-to-vehicle, chip-to-chip as well as device to device. This article presents an investigation of the multifaceted applications of VLC, especially its role in configuring wireless fidelity Wi-Fi connectivity for smart devices and their location in the system within the IoT framework. In addition to conventional data transmission capabilities, VLC has emerged as a key technology for transmitting configuration data and location data, thereby supporting an accurate positioning system. This study shows the effective interaction between VLC and IoT, shedding light on the applications of VLC in IoT systems, especially in smart building