Large Industrial Complex Research Articles

Exposure to atmospheric particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the vicinity of two cement plants in Córdoba, Argentina

Total Suspended Particle (TSP) samples (n = 110) were collected daily from two sites located in the vicinity of a large industrial complex dedicated to cement manufacturing in Córdoba province, Argentina. The levels of 14 out of the 16 target Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined. The results obtained show the contribution of this industrial activity to local dust and particle-bound PAH levels, affecting two of the closest neighborhoods in the area (Yocsina and Malagueño). Individual PAHs ranged from 0.01 to 6.81 ng m−3, and mean concentrations of Σ14PAHs in Yocsina and Malagueño were 6.97 and 18.13 ng m−3, respectively. Of these PAHs, Naphthalene (Naph), Fluorene (Flu) and Phenanthrene (Phen) were the most abundant. Source apportionment analysis revealed that Phen, Naph and Acenaphthene (Ace) originated from the cement plant emissions, whereas Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DahA) and Anthracene (Anth) came from vehicle emissions and biomass combustion. A multiple linear regression model revealed that 56% of the variation in the total PAH concentrations may be explained by temperature, wind speed, wind direction and TSP. To assess PAH dispersion, TSP stack emissions from both cement plants were estimated using AERMOD, the steady-state plume model. The results revealed the local impact of stack emissions surrounding Yocsina neighborhood. In contrast, the main emission sources of the high PAH levels at the Malagueño sampling site were vehicular traffic, house heating and a concrete products factory, rather than the cement stacks. The lifetime lung cancer risk at the Malagueño sampling site exceeded the permissible standards established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization, thereby representing a majorenvironmental risk tohuman health.

Assessment of the Degree of Occupational Risk of the Main Production Processes of a Large Industrial Complex

Assessment of the Degree of Occupational Risk of the Main Production Processes of a Large Industrial Complex

Problems of restoration and development of urban environment of old industrial centers

The paper considers the urban development and reconstruction of industrial centers on the example of different cities. Design proposals are given for the renovation of the Russian factories and landscaping of industrial historic cities. Examples are given for the reconstruction of silk weaving enterprises near Moscow. Many factories are now in a derelict condition, and for the normal urban development need revitalization of enterprises and comprehensive improvement of adjacent areas. Thanks to the development of cloth production, small settlements in central Russia became industrial city-forming centers more than two hundred years ago. Small manufactories were transformed into large industrial complexes, and the unique exquisite fabrics surpassed the best European ones in price and quality. Russian fabrics were universally welcomed at international exhibitions, awarded with medals and long-term orders. Cities were growing, the economy was developing, housing construction helped to solve social problems, transportation and infrastructure of cities and settlements were developing. Early in the 21st century, glorious weaving factories became an integral part of historic cities, their decoration and pride. Architectural ensembles of industrial enterprises became not only monuments of the Russian cultural heritage, but also an important component of the Russian cities.

Методическое обеспечение управления конкурентоспособностью машиностроительного комплекса Республики Беларусь на основе создания стратегических бизнес-единиц

In the context of a rapidly changing economic reality, the management of large industrial complexes at the macro level has been become increasingly complex and difficult to predict. Directly, the ability to find, create, and combine new and existing conceptual foundations of management policy that have not been used before, but take into account the trends and features of certain socio-economic systems provides an opportunity to develop and create a flexible, adaptive management competitive mechanism that allows, depending on the circumstances, both to re-develop the system from the inside and adjust it to the existing conditions of the macro-environment. Thus, management becomes the main strategic resource that ensures the competitive advantage of the socio-economic system, as well as its’ “survival”, adaptation, transformation and development. The machine-building complex of the Republic of Belarus is an example of a multidimensional volumetric socio-economic system that requires large management costs to increase and strengthen its competitive capabilities and potential. This article is devoted directly to the development of methodological tools for managing the competitiveness of the machine-building complex of the Republic of Belarus, taking into account the features and conditions of its functioning.

Economic principles of innovative development of breeding pig breeding in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the economic principles of formation of innovative development of breeding pig breeding in Ukraine. It is established that the breeding herd of breeding plants is carried out on the principle of self-repair, breeding pigs by the method of "closed" population, breeding breeders - mainly repair pigs of own reproduction, obtained and raised directly on the farm. Repair boars to replenish the herd are purchased from other farms, and when the ancestral herd is organized, they are raised directly in the association. In commodity herds of pig farms and breeding complexes it is desirable to carry out repair boars and pigs from breeding farms, and if necessary with a clear primary zootechnical record breeding repair pigs to replace lost queens can be carried out directly in the enterprise. Given the limited import of breeding pigs due to the spread of ASF in the world, the main task of breeding farms is the cultivation and sale of high quality young stock. However, in recent years, repair boars and pigs obtained and raised in domestic breeding enterprises are often not in demand in the market. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the established domestic breeding base does not require unsystematic mass imports except for a small number of high-value breeding young or sperm odes of prominent breeding boars to refresh the blood of some herds under the methodical control provided by the state scientific and technical programs. The current situation in industrial pig breeding primarily requires solving the problems of automation of management of breeding and breeding work with the use of modern computer technology. The solution of this problem is especially important if the production of commercial pork uses hybridization systems, which requires a clear organization of the breeding herd when working with large populations of animals. At the same time, stabilization and further effective development of breeding enterprises cannot be ensured without modernization of instruments of state support of breeding farms, preservation and efficient use of the best domestic genetic resources and world gene pool of pig breeds, improvement of production activities and strengthening of integration with large industrial complexes. Key words: breeding pig breeding, agricultural enterprise, state support, commercial pig breeding, innovation.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR IN THE ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN AS THE BASIS OF THE NATIONAL MODEL OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

The completion of the stabilization stage of the republic's economy and its transition to a trajectory of sustainable growth create objective prerequisites for the real use of medium-term and indicative long-term planning tools in the practice of state regulation and management. An important place in the general system of long-term planning is given to the formation on a medium-term basis of a strategy for the development of large industrial complexes, one of which is the telecommunications sector, whose increasing role at the present stage is determined by the trends of globalization and informatization of all aspects of public life on a global scale. Telecommunications are an integral part of the infrastructure, the development of which, in accordance with the provisions of the Development Strategy of Kazakhstan until 2030, is assigned to one of the seven long-term priorities and should contribute to: strengthening national security; political stability; economic growth. However, the formation of planned and forecast parameters for the development of telecommunications is impossible without defining the conceptual foundations of the long-term functioning of the industry, assessing trends in the development of the telecommunications market based on internal and external factors, conducting periodization and highlighting stages of development, choosing priorities of state sectoral policy, rational evolution of the regulatory system, optimization of the legislative and regulatory framework in the industry.

Predicting the Mental Health of the Staff of an Industrial Complex Based on Perceived Organizational Support, Workaholism, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Background: Mental health has long had a special place in the organization and has been considered as one of the most important factors determining the level of organizational productivity and quality of working life of employees. Organizational support, workaholism, and organizational citizenship behavior are other important factors considered in occupations. Therefore, this study aimed to predict the health and mental health of the staff of an industrial complex based on perceived organizational support, workaholism, and organizational citizenship behavior.
 Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 16000 employees in a large industrial complex in 2017, 386 of whom were selected by available sampling method. The 34000 standard questionnaire was used to measure the dependent and independent variables and SPSS software for data analysis. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlation test, and multiple linear regression analysis.
 Results: The results of Pearson correlation showed that the relationship between mental health and workaholism (r = -0.05, p = 0.57) which did not indicate a significant relationship, but the mental health and health of the staff had a direct and significant relationship with perceived organizational support (372/372). R = 0, p <0.001). There was also a significant relationship between health and psychological health with organizational citizenship behaviors of the staff (r = 0.207, p = 0.008). The results of multiple linear regression showed that organizational citizenship behavior (B = 0.345) and perceived organizational support (B = 0.291) had the ability to predict mental health; however, workaholism in this study did not have this ability.
 Conclusion: Considering the ability of citizenship behavior and organizational support in predicting mental health, measures to increase the staff’s willingness to perform voluntary (citizenship) organizational behaviors as well as the maximum organizational support, can be used to reduce the mental health reduction of the staff and provide factors to improve it, leading to increased productivity.

Heat flow metering in building practice - A critical field study for a large industrial building complex

Increasingly complex concepts for the heating and cooling supply of buildings require both intelligent and transparent operational management strategies. One way of sequencing and coordinating different generator components is to include information about heat flows on the consumption side. In addition to heat meters, modern pumps also provide heat flow detection. The present study compares the heat flow detection via heat meters and pumps for multiple hydraulic circuits in the operating phase of a large industrial demonstration object. In particular, the influence of typical errors in the installation of the temperature measurement and their elimination are quantified.

The future of coal as a transportation fuel

Due to environmental concerns and cost issues, coal is currently being phased out from usage in electricity production. Regardless, there remains a massive stockpile of coal reserves along with a large industrial complex and a robust distribution/processing infrastructure. As such, coal should be considered for usage in other energy areas. Since coal is simply a solid hydrocarbon, it can be converted over for usage as a transportation fuel. The Fischer-Tropsch process that underlies this conversion is well established with some countries like South Africa currently using it at large scales. Unfortunately, this conversion process has a large carbon footprint, even when using carbon capture technology. However, the blending of coal-based fuels with biodiesel has been found to be more carbon neutral than standard diesel or biodiesel alone. Additionally, coal can be used as an alternate to methane for hydrogen production. Given carbon capture technologies and the existing coal infrastructure, these two uses of coal provide opportunities for a sustainable and economical use of coal as a transportation fuel.

Теміртау қаласы ауа алабының ластануының синоптикалық жағдайлары

Мақалада Қарағанды облысының Теміртау қаласының атмосфералық ауасының ластану жағдайы және атмосфераның ластану индексінің (АЛИ) динамикасы қарастырылған. АЛИ қаладағы негізгі 5 ластаушы заттар бойынша, яғни олардың ішінде: қалқыма бөлшектер, азот диоксиді, көміртек оксиді, фенол және аммиак заттарының концентрациялары арқылы есептелген. Автор Теміртау қаласының ауа алабының ластануының синоптикалық жағдайларын, яғни циклон және антициклон, жыра және жота сияқты барикалық құрылымдардың қала ауасындағы зиянды заттардың шекті мүмкіндік концентрацияларын, сақталу мерзіміне әсерін қарастырған. Сонымен қатар ауа алабының ластануына қолайлы метеорологиялық шамалар, әсіресе, ластаушы заттардың тасымалдануына себепші жел сияқты шаманың ластану мәселесіне әсері және ластануда трансшекаралық тасымалдауды ескеру мақсатымен оның берілген мерзім бойынша қаладағы бағытының қайталанушылығының диаграммасы ұсынылған. Мақала материалдарында арнайы берілген мерзім бойынша барикалық топография карталары, синоптикалық жер карталары пайдаланылып, оларға талдау жасалған. Мақалада карталардың талдауы бойынша арнайы мерзімдегі қала бойынша зиянды заттардың концентрацияларының үлкен мөлшерде жиналуына қолайлы синоптикалық жағдайлардың орын алу мәселесі және шарттары сипатталған. Зерттелген сұрақтар біздің еліміздің экологиясына, әсіресе Теміртау қаласы сияқты үлкен өндірістік кешені бар қалалардың экологиялық жүйесіне, оның ішінде атмосфералық ауаның сапалық жағдайына көз салатын, өткір жаһандық мәселелеріне назар аударатын жаратылыстану саласындағы мамандарға, саясаткерлер мен қоғам қайраткерлеріне қызығушылық танытады.

ІInfluence of an optimal feeding ration on raising young cattle

The purposeful impact of feeding and keeping dairy cattle on the formation of productive and other qualities is based on the laws of animal development. In the dairy period, calves, regardless of breed characteristics, must be fed on the basis of an optimal diet, which ensures high gains in live weight. The goal is to justify the effectiveness of a balanced feeding system using targeted feed additives of a new generation, contributing to the genetic manifestation of productivity of young animals during the rearing period. Methods – 2 experimental groups were formed according to the principle of pairs of analogs, taking into account gender, age, body condition, body weight and origin. The research was carried out on heifers of the Holstein breed in three farms in Almaty region. Results – the calves after the optimization of nutritional components at 12 months of age had a higher live weight compared to the heifers who received farm rations. So, in LLP “Agrofirma “Dinara-Ranch” it was higher by 3.14%, PF “ Aydarbayev”by 4.06, JSC “APC “Adal” by 4.52%. The average daily gain in live weight increased by 9.11%, 7.62 and 7.59%, respectively. Conclusions – during the experiments, it was found that optimization of feed rations for young animals in JSC "APC "Adal " increased profitability by 46.3%, total economic effect was 7,618 tenge, farm "Aydarbayev": 46.3% and 9,312 tenge, LLP “Agrofirm “Dinara-Ranch”: 31.1% and 4,588 tenge. The solution of these issues is important both for large industrial complexes and farms. A special role is given to the search for ways of the most rational use of feed, the use of biologically active substances, and creation of comfortable conditions for keeping animals.

Peculiarities of Hydrodynamics of Small Surface Water Bodies in Zones of Active Technogenesis (on the Example of the Verkhne-Zyryansk Reservoir, Russia)

As a rule, large modern industrial complexes are significant water users. This raises the problem of providing them with reliable and sustainable water supply systems. To solve this problem, relatively small, special reservoirs for technical water supply are often created. When creating them, it is a priori assumed that their water masses will be comparatively homogeneous over the aquatorium and throughout the depths, and so, therefore, that their flushing can be successfully used to prevent a possible accumulation of pollutants. The experience of operating such reservoirs in the Verkhnekamsky potassium and magnesium salt development zone in Ural, Russia, has shown that, due to intense diffuse pollution, the reservoirs are characterized by significant vertical non-uniformity, fundamentally altering the hydrodynamics of these water bodies. Based on a series of research, including field observations and computational experiments, the present paper reveals that the vertical non-uniformity of water masses plays a key role in ensuring the sustainability of technical water supply.

Chromosomal anomalies of the fetus of pregnant women from settlements prone to technogenic pollution

The article presents the analysis results of the spectrum and frequency of distribution of the fetus chromosomal set of 590 pregnant women living in the city of Aktobe and various districts of the Aktobe region in Kazakhstan. Biological material was obtained by biopsy of the chorion and placenta, amniocentesis and cordocentesis. For the preparation of chromosome formations, the conventional “direct” method and the classical method of cell cultivation were used. Metaphase cells were stained with GTG and FISH methods. In total, 64 (10.9%) cases of fetal karyotype abnormalities were detected. Of these, genomic abnormalities accounted for 59 (10.0%), and structural – 5 (8.5%). Among the genomic abnormalities in 39 (66.1%) cases, the fetus had a Down syndrome karyotype. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus of pregnant women in Aktobe, where industrial facilities of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy are located, was 7.9%. The frequency of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in 3 districts of Aktobe region (fetal karyotypes of 39 pregnant women were studied) without large industrial facilities was 12.8%, and with the presence of large industrial complexes in 5 districts (fetal karyotypes of 131 pregnant women were studied) – 19,8%, which is 1.5 times more. Thus, it can be assumed that technogenic pollution by large industrial complexes (mining, cement, chemical, oil and gas processing industries) of places of residence contributes to the appearance of genomic and structural disorders of the genetic apparatus of human cells. Key words: prenatal diagnosis, fetal karyotype, chromosomal abnormalities, technogenic factor.  

Vertical Density Inhomogeneity of Kama Reservoir Water Masses in the Region of Berezniki: Possible Genesis and Influence on the Stability of Water Use

The stability of water supply systems is one of the main factors that determine the reliability of the functioning of large industrial complexes. This problem is considered on the example of the “Azot” branch of URALCHEM JSC in the city of Berezniki, which takes fresh industrial water from the Kama river (Kama reservoir). A specific feature of this water body is the significant variability of its hydrological regime. During the summer dry season, it is characterized by low flow velocities. In winter, with a decrease in the water level in the reservoir, a typical river regime is observed. In addition, there is a strong technogenic impact on the water body. The impact is formed largely due to non-declared dispersed (diffuse) sources. Their characteristic feature is high mineralization and, accordingly, the density of the formed wastewater. Their behavior is fundamentally different from the processes of dilution and migration of effluents with neutral buoyancy. A two-layer structure is formed, when the content of the main ions in the surface horizon is more than an order of magnitude less than in the bottom layer. This circumstance must be taken into account when assessing the reliability of the functioning of water intakes. The most effective tool for solving such problems is the conjugation of a complex of field monitoring observations with computational experiments using hydrodynamic models in one-, two- and three-dimensional formulations.

EFFECTS OF THE VERTICAL HETEROGENEITY OF WATER MASSES ON THE STABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY IN INDUSTRY-INTENSIVE AREAS

The stability of water supply systems is one of the main factors for reliable operation of large industrial complexes. This problem is considered through the case of the Azot branch of JSC URALCHEM in the city of Berezniki, which derives raw process water from the Kama River (Kama storage reservoir). A characteristic feature of this water body is a highly variable hydrological regime. During the summer low water period, it is characterized by low current velocities. In winter, when the water level in the reservoir declines, a typical river flow regime is observed. In addition, the water body is exposed to heavy human impact. The bulk of the load comes from non-declared non-point (diffuse) sources. Their characteristic feature is high suspended solids content, and, accordingly, the density of the effluents. Their behavior is fundamentally different from the processes of dilution and migration of effluents with neutral buoyancy. Traditional methods of calculating dilution processes cannot be used to describe them. A two-layer flow is formed, where the content of basic ions in the surface horizon is more than an order of magnitude lower than near the bottom. Early in July 2020, a significant increase in the content of chlorine and sodium ions was observed at the water intake facility of the Azot branch, causing a shutdown of the plant. The causes of the phenomenon had to be identified. The putative causes were emergency discharges of concentrated waste from the sludge dump on the shore or contamination by the wastewater entering the Kama River below the intake facility due to backflow. These situations can be modeled taking into account the vertical heterogeneity of water masses based on the coupling of hydrodynamic models in one-, two-, and three-dimensional formulation. As a result, it was shown that the only cause of the emergency could be water intake from the Kama River bottom flow.

Sustainability through Non-Agricultural Business Development in Resident Cooperative Planning: A Case of Korea’s Rural Area

This study analyzes a participatory regeneration project implemented for sustainable improvement as the center of Yeongju, a rural area in Korea, declines. The paper explains how participants were chosen from the mostly elderly population and encouraged to participate. In this case, a small, non-agricultural business that existing residents could maintain was conceived and implemented with a focus on cooperation rather than agricultural recovery or urbanization through the construction of large apartments and new industrial complexes. To this end, the administration continues to support the community from a long-term perspective, and experts have consistently made practical implementations among them. The participating community is not fixed but flexibly reorganized based on the progress of the project. In addition, by creating public community facilities, residents can continue their activities. This study emphasizes that participatory planning does not necessarily imply a retreat to the administration and experts and provides important guidance for implementation under similar conditions in the future.

Legacy and novel perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in industrial wastewater and the receiving river water: Temporal changes in relative abundances of regulated compounds and alternatives

Concentrations of 28 novel and legacy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wastewater from 77 industrial plants in the largest industrial complex in Korea were determined. The industrial plants were of eight types (advanced electronic, battery, chemical, general electronic, glass and ceramic, metal, polymer, and textile). PFAS concentrations in river water receiving the wastewater were determined to assess the impact of wastewater from the industrial complex. Only 19 and nine target PFASs were detected in untreated industrial wastewater and river water, respectively. Novel PFASs such as F53B (6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate) were not detected. The mean PFASs concentration in industrial wastewater treatment plant effluent was 5.18 µg/L. The mean total PFASs concentration was highest in advanced electronic plant effluent, second highest in general electronic plant effluent, and lowest in battery and chemical plant effluents. Perfluorohexane sulfonate was the dominant homolog, being detected in effluent from plants of all classes and contributing 96% of total discharged PFASs by mass. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (included in the Stockholm Convention) use has decreased markedly since previous studies. Perfluorooctane sulfonate has largely been replaced by PFASs with fewer than seven carbon atoms. A similar change was found for river water receiving industrial wastewater.

Anthropogenic and natural inputs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediment of three coastal systems of the Brazilian Amazon.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 32 surface sediment samples collected around three cities (Barcarena, Belém, and Santana) located on the coast of the Brazilian Amazon. The concentration of total PAHs ranged from lower than detection limit to 33,101 ng g-1 in a sample from Barcarena and was related to a large aluminum industrial complex and port activities. In Belém, which is the most populated area in the Amazon region, PAHs were probably derived from untreated sewage discharge and inputs from a large municipal landfill. Pyrogenic PAHs were predominant in both cities, with a smaller contribution of petrogenic PAHs. Low alkylated PAH levels may be associated with small boats and ship traffic. Santana had low total PAH concentrations, with a predominance of unusual alkylated PAHs, probably related to diagenetic transformations of organic matter in the sediment. In general, PAH concentrations in the samples were low and may reflect baseline levels for this Amazon estuarine system.

VETERINARY SANITARY EVALUATION OF THE WAYS OF DISPOSAL OF BIOLOGICAL WASTES ON LARGE INDUSTRIAL CATTLE COMPLEXES

The article presents data on biological wastes of cattle on large industrial complexes. The state of the environments surrounding cattle farms, pastures and hayfields has been studied. Etiological factors responsible for biological waste in animals have been defined.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ОСНОВНИХ КОМПОНЕНТІВ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ НА ОСНОВІ КОНЦЕПЦІЇ «ІНДУСТРІЯ 4.0»

The study substantiates the development of the main components of the industrial policy of the state in terms of the implementation of the Concept "Industry 4.0" for innovative and active economic entities in the field of industry. The proposed approach combines fundamental laws and advanced production experience, contributes to the optimal structure of the economy, the rational development of socially demanded industries and high-tech industries. It combines certain areas and areas of purposeful economic activity of industrial enterprises into a coherent productive system that provides the necessary level of efficiency and competitiveness of the national economy at both regional and national levels. Scientifically based industrial policy counteracts the disastrous processes of differentiation of society and the collapse of large industrial enterprises and complexes, creates favorable conditions for stable, comprehensive and effective development of the national sphere of material production based on full use of scientific and technological progress and social intelligence. For enterprises, the existence of a clearly defined state policy and strategy means the ability to build their own plans. This approach to the interaction of the state, industries, regions and business was one of the factors of success of the leading states. Such an industrial policy is a constructive mechanism, which is called by modern times, which allows, taking into account the fundamentally new realities of modern economic practice to ensure the implementation of an innovative model of economic development. Moreover, the task of the state is to ensure not only the modern technological level of production, but also high stable demand for its products through the implementation of industrial policy. Due to this, it is possible to quickly and with minimal social costs to modify the sectoral structure of the national economy, stop the decline and move to a dynamic increase in gross national product and budget revenues. In the future, as the necessary prerequisites for the full development of commodity-money relations, lower inflation, stabilization of market prices and other elements that are the basis for the formation of a civilized market, it becomes possible to consistently increase all positive economic processes.