Political Language Research Articles

(Concept of) Rectification of Names and Putin’s War-time Euphemisms

In the given paper, the notion of rectification of language in the Chinese philosophical tradition is discussed, which will be linked to the concept of political discourse in general, and specifically to the use of euphemisms in the language of politics. In addition, we will attempt to apply practical examples from the current Russian political discourse to the discussed concepts.Key words: rectification, euphemism, Confucius, Putin, discourse, war

Indonesian Politeness Islamic Kindergarten Teacher Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya

This study aims to describe language skills which are very important, one of which is the Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya Islamic Kindergarten teachers, because in communicating, all teachers are required to use polite language. In building character one of them is language, both forms of obedience and violations that exist in the utterances spoken by the teacher at the Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya Islamic Kindergarten. This study examines the pragmatic aspects of teacher language politeness in the Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya Islamic Kindergarten, the research examines speech when teachers converse during non-formal hours that take place at school and based on the types of maxims used. Language politeness was chosen because it will be used as an evaluation of the language used by the teacher. The results of this study indicate that the utterances in Al Ittifaqiah Islamic Kindergarten obtained 20 utterances consisting of 14 utterances containing politeness maxims and 6 utterances that deviate from politeness maxims. Of the 14 utterances of the Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya Islamic Kindergarten teacher's utterances which contain politeness maxims, namely: 3 utterances of wisdom maxim (21.42%), 2 utterances of generosity maxim (14.28%), 1 utterance of praise maxim (7, 14%), the maxim of humility is 1 utterance (7.14%), the maxim of response or apology is 3 utterances (21.42%), the maxim of agreement is 2 utterances (14.28%), the maxim of sympathy is 2 utterances (14.28%), Of the 6 utterances of the Al Ittifaqiah Indralaya Islamic Kindergarten teacher who deviated from the politeness maxim, namely: the maxim of humility was 4 utterances (66.67, the maxim of sympathy was 2 utterances (33.33%).

KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA SISWA DALAM PBM PASCAPANDEMI COVID’19 DI LINGKUNGAN MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH NEGERI 1 SIMALUNGUN

Three years of education in Indonesia can be said to have experienced various shifts caused by COVID-19. There are so many problems that occur, both in terms of cognitive, and affective students. This can be seen clearly from the lack of awareness of students in using greeting words. In fact, there should be a good relationship between teachers and students in the canalization process that occurs. Therefore, several ways are needed to solve the problem. This research uses research methods with a literature study approach (Library Research). This study describes social symptoms that are variables that cause problems to occur. Based on the observations, it appears that the students have very little awareness in the use of language politeness. This can be seen in the lack of use of greeting words. This problem will certainly have a significant effect on student learning and learning motivation.

VII International Student Research Conference <i>the Role of the Russian Language in International Relations</i>

On April 10, the 7th International Student Research Conference organized by the Russian Language Department was held at MGIMO University. This year the conference was devoted to the role of the Russian language in international relations. The conference was aimed at stimulating the research and project activities of young scientists in the field of studying the Russian language and its use in the field of scientific and professional communication. The opening plenary session included speeches by MGIMO professors M. V. Belyakov, A. A. Vasilyeva, N. D. Afanasyeva, and the Head of Science Department of RUDN U. M. Bakhtikireeva. The plenary session was followed by breakout sessions in two topic areas. The conference was attended by dozens of university students from Russia, from neighboring and distant foreign countries, including Turkey and China. Students delivered reports on various subjects, including the role of the Russian language in international politics and diplomacy, the Russian language in the context of the dialogue of cultures, the reflection of the national culture in the Russian language, the role of the Russian language in the post-Soviet space, etc. This event is held twice a year to give young scientists a venue to share the results of their research and serves as a discussion platform. Summing up, the participants noted the scientific and practical significance and relevance of the materials presented at the conference, the high professionalism of the speakers, the clear and high-quality organization of the conference, and expressed their gratitude to the organizers.

Analisis Kesantunan Berbahasa Presiden Ir. H. Joko Widodo pada Pidato Masalah Cabut Larangan Ekspor Minyak Goreng Kajian Pragmatik

This research aims to explore language politeness in pragmatics related to the maxims of wisdom, generosity, respect, simplicity, consensus, and empathy. The data source for this study was a speech by President Ir. H. Joko Widodo on the lifting of the ban on cooking oil exports, obtained from YouTube. The research employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The instrument used was documentary analysis. Data analysis involved careful listening, observation, comprehension of the speech content, data collection, observation, data analysis, addressing research questions, and drawing conclusions from the research findings. The results obtained were as follows: (a) 4 sentences related to the maxim of wisdom, (b) 2 sentences related to the maxim of generosity, (c) 1 sentence related to the maxim of respect, (d) 1 sentence related to the maxim of simplicity, (e) 1 sentence related to the maxim of consensus, and (f) 1 sentence related to the maxim of empathy.

The Use of Political Language in Turkish Politics: A Study on The Discussions of Alparslan Türkeş and Devlet Bahçeli

Türkiye siyasetinin önemli aktörlerinden biri kabul edilen Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi ile bu partinin liderliğini yapan Alparslan Türkeş ile Devlet Bahçeli’nin politik dil kullanımının incelenmesi ve karşılaştırmalı analizinin yapılması ülke siyasetinin daha anlaşılır olmasına katkı sunacaktır. Çalışmada betimsel bulgulardan ve MAXQDA programından yararlanılarak kod alt- kod modelleri, tek vaka modeli ve kelime bulutu oluşturulmuş, iki vaka modeli üzerinden iki liderin kullandığı politik dil karşılaştırılmalı analize tabi tutulmuştur.

Analysts' identity negotiations and politeness behaviour in earnings calls of US firms with extreme earnings changes

PurposeFinancial analysts' roles and incentives mean that they have conflicting identities to maintain towards investors and firm managers. The authors study how analysts adopt various politeness strategies in their questioning to establish socially desirable identities in the Q&A of publicly accessible earnings calls.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a sample of US firms with extreme earnings changes. 46 transcripts of end-of-year earnings calls were investigated with the help of linguistic discourse analysis, drawing on frameworks of face and linguistic politeness. For each transcript, the authors identified the structure of the face-threatening acts (FTAs) that arise when analysts ask probing questions and ascertained what specific politeness strategies, if any, are used by analysts to mitigate those FTAs. The authors examine how analysts perform identities through politeness in language and compare analysts' politeness behaviour and identity construction in the increasing earnings sub-sample with the decreasing earnings sub-sample.FindingsAnalysts negotiate different identities according to specific social contexts, promoting their identity as (1) competent professionals when firms report problematic performance by asking questions in a confrontational manner with few politeness strategies and (2) dependents of the firm by asking questions in a more polite manner when firms experience satisfactory performance. Analysts aim to present a socially desirable face in Q&A to influence managers' and investors' perceptions.Practical implicationsThe study raises awareness about linguistic politeness as a communication strategy in the Q&A in earnings calls. It thereby enables managers and analysts to use linguistic politeness consciously and strategically and to recognise such use by others.Originality/valueThis study complements existing literature on earnings conference calls as part of external corporate communications by focusing on analysts' use of language when interacting with manages. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to show that politeness underpins analysts' language use as a device for identity negotiations. This is important to understand because analysts' identities vis-a-vis managers and investors is closely related to the stability of the financial system.

Language and Linguistics of the New Middle Class in India: A New Genre in the History of Language Sociology

Language and linguistics of the new Indian middle class builds up a new sociology. This class is varied in compositions in terms of castes, religions, culture and, of course, purchasing capabilities. They are best represented by language this class uses with regard to multifarious sub-systems – social, economic and political. This is a qualitative study. Here, I explain the inferences to the behaviour of this class by carefully observing its use of language and linguistics. This article shows transformation of the middle class in India in the wake of globalization at the behest of language. It highlights as the apolitical aspects of this class as an appetitive one, so the political language of the political parties in mobilizing allegiance of this class. This article also pinpoints to the methods and avenues as to how languages are used by this class using modern communicative technologies to ascertain itself as a social construct.

Kesantunan Mengkritik Bossman Mardigu Di Acara Youtube

This study aims to describe (1) the politeness principles used by Bossman Mardigu on the YouTube show, (2) the language politeness strategies used by Bossman Mandigu. The research data are in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences related to politeness criticizing Bossman Mardigu on the YouTube program. The data collection techniques used in this study are as follows: (1) Download videos of the Bossman Mardigu podcast via YouTube. (2) listening to Bossman Mardigu's podcast and transcribing the data into written form, (3) inventorying the data into an inventory format. The validation technique in this study uses a triangulation technique. Furthermore, data analysis in this study was carried out with the following work steps: (1) grouping data in the form of polite speeches criticizing Bossman Mardigu on YouTube; (2) analyzing data that has been grouped through the data classification stage; (3) interpreting the data found; and (4) summarizing the data and writing reports or analyses that have been carried out. There are two findings in this research. First found as many as six violations of the principle of politeness. Secondly, there were five speech strategies used by Bossman Mardigu. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that Bossman Mardigu violates the principle of politeness more when criticizing, or can be said to be impolite.

The Development of E-Modules for Language Politeness Learning in Independent Curriculum-Based Elementary School

This study aims 1) producing a language politeness e-module based on the independent curriculum that is feasible and practical and 2) testing the effectiveness of the language politeness e-module to measure students' mastery of language courtesy at the elementary school level. The method used was Research and Development with the design of the ADDIE development model. This research was conducted on elementary school students in the Special Region of Yogyakarta by considering the category of elementary schools using the prototype curriculum so that the development of this research product is indeed needed as teaching materials for polite language in elementary schools. The sample of the study was chosen using purposive sampling techniques. Research instruments included interview sheets and questionnaires for the analysis of teaching material needs, validation questionnaires for material experts and teaching material experts, interview guideline sheets, and closed questionnaires for media effectiveness tests. Data analysis techniques used descriptive, qualitative-quantitative, and t-test. According to media and material experts, the result of this study was that teaching language politeness based on an independent curriculum was feasible. The average score obtained from the results of the feasibility assessment of material experts I was 4.42 with excellent categories, and media experts 4.6 with excellent categories. The average assessment eligibility score from teachers in product trials included the feasibility of presenting 4.72 with excellent categories, 4.40 with language with excellent categories, 4.90 with displays with excellent categories, and 4.40 with teaching material content conformity with excellent categories. Overall, language politeness teaching materials based on the independent curriculum were declared fit for use after several revisions based on expert advice with an excellent and good final assessment. Teaching materials that are declared suitable for use by teachers so that they can be applied in the learning process in elementary schools.

Translating Politeness of Persadaan Tendi Texts in Karonese Language Into English

This paper aims to explore the politeness of persadaan tendi texts in Karonese language and translate them into English. Persadaan tendi or mukul is the process by which the bride and groom introduce themselves to their new relatives. This study was conducted using descriptive qualitative research and supported by translation and pragmatics analyses. There are three data sources of this study; from two books titled Adat Karo Si Rulo written by Ginting (2008) and Indahnya Perkawinan Adat Karo by Milala (2007); and from the researchers’ observations as participants at persadaan tendi ceremonies in Tigabinanga sub-district, Karo Regency and Tuntungan sub-district, Medan, North Sumatra. The results reveal that in persadaan tendi texts there are linguistic and cultural forms of politeness which are kalimbubu, kampil, and manok sangkep as cultural politeness. The second singular pronoun kam subject and the enclitic pronoun –ndu means ’your’, and endi or ‘here’ are linguistic politeness. Rebu (social avoidance to talk directly) among the rebu participants in Karonese society is cultural politeness. These examples of linguistic and cultural politeness in the source language (SL) are not found in the target language (TL). Molina and Albir’s (2002) translation technique of description, supported by critical discourse analysis and semantic analysis is workable to overcome untranslatable of the cultural and linguistic politeness in the SL.

Analysis of speech acts in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations: A politeness language analysis

This research studies about politeness strategies in Charles Dickens Great Expectations. The writer analyze of Speech Acts in Charles Dickens' Great Expectations: A Politeness Language Analysis. The purposes of the research were to know the kinds of politeness strategies which used by the main characters in directive utterance and the politeness strategies of directive act in title. The data of this research was Charles Dickens' Great Expectations. This research was done by descriptive qualitative method. The research findings show that there were 2 types of politeness strategies. Based on the frequencies, the strategies applied in the data were Positive Politeness 145 frequencies (86%) and Negative Politeness 31 frequencies (14%). Based on the frequencies of directive utterance in the data were Pip 88 frequencies, Miss. Havisham 340 frequencies, Mrs. Joe Gargery 31 frequencies and Joe Gargery 8 frequencies.

The sociopragmatic study of speech acts in Go’et Ira in the We’e Mbaru cultural rite

We’e Mbaru is a cultural rite of entering a new house in the Manggarai speech community speaking the Pasat-Ruis dialect in Flores Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Ira is one of the phases in this cultural tradition. At this stage, a Tongka (spokesperson) and participant representatives conduct cultural interactions using go’et (expression or proverb). This study aimed to analyze the speech acts of go’et in the Ira phase. The study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with seven key informants, taken purposively with the main criteria of having adequate knowledge of Manggarai culture, good ability to use go’et, and experience as a Tongka. The results showed that the speech acts of go’et in the Ira phase included representative and directive acts (illocutionary acts). The study also found that the expressive speech act of gratitude, prayers, and hopes, and the speech act of giving financial support are categorized as perlocutionary speech acts. The use of go’et by a Tongka and participant representatives is considered a language politeness strategy effective for refining the language used, especially for avoiding face-threatening acts. Tongka and participant representatives need to understand the context and situation of the speech so that the choice of go’et is appropriate and conveyed judiciously.

KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA GURU DAN SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 2 GALESONG KABUPATEN TAKALAR

Language Politeness of Teachers and Students in Class IX Indonesian Language Learning at SMP Negeri 2 Galesong, Takalar Regency. This study aims to describe the form of language politeness in interactions between teachers and students, and students and teachers. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The source of this research data is the result of interaction between students and teachers. The results of this study indicate that the form of politeness from teacher to student interaction obeys 5 forms of maxims namely, the maxim of wisdom, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of appreciation, the maxim of modesty, and the maxim of sympathy. While the form of politeness from student to teacher interactions obeys 5 forms of maxims, namely, the maxim of wisdom, the maxim of generosity, the maxim of agreement, the maxim of modesty, and the maxim of sympathy.

The place and role of political advertising in the system of manipulative technologies: the linguistic dimension

Issues of language and political discourse form a very dense framework for theories and studies of argumentation, the new rhetoric. The political discourse analysis is gaining in scope and epistemological precision. However, discursive effects remain largely understudied regarding linguistic means as manipulative tactics. This phenomenon shapes the relevance of this study. It also analyses how linguistic traces of political discourse affect the population in terms of psychosociology and manipulative tactics. The ideology of discursive persuasion reveals issues in cognitive activity (meaning, intentionality, and strategy) that the speaker performs, as well as the impact on a known target. The study focuses on the norms and use of language, image, text, and sound in political advertising. It also analyses scholarly works related to the topic, offering an analysis based on observations on political communication and its media staging of the functioning of sociolinguistic variation regarding the norms and representations that operate in this official/dominant language market and specific to the language of politics. Research related to advertising and advertising language in relatively recent studies is still approached with some caution. Therefore, this paper attempts to deal with them from the perspective of linguistics in its broader discussion. To do so, the article focuses on studying linguistic means specific to political advertising on billboards during political campaigns. The most peculiar aspects of the contextual and formal expression of political advertising on billboards are identified.

Kesantunan Berbahasa Pada Komentar Postingan Akun Instagram Lambeturah

This study aims to describe the form of language politeness in comments posted on the Lambeturah Instagram account. This research is descriptive qualitative. The data from this study is in the form of written language which contains elements of language politeness contained in the Lambeturah Instagram account which is then analyzed and studied based on studies that are in accordance with the focus of the research and the source of the data from this research is reader responses or comments on the Lambeturah Instagram account. The research results obtained in this study were as many as 29 data. Among them, there are 8 data of sympathy maxims, 6 data in the form of consensus maxim, 5 data in the form of appreciation maxim and 10 data in the form of wisdom maxim.

Conversational Analysis on Politeness in Online Class Discussions: Exploring Turn-Taking and Relational Work Strategies Between Lecturer and Students

In the teaching-learning process, the lecturers usually play the role of dominant turn-takers. Meanwhile, students mostly perform as small turn-takers. In EFL classrooms, different turn-taking patterns are essential to analyze to identify the students' language politeness during the turn-taking process. The present study analyzed the turn-taking and relational work concerning politeness in online class discussions. For this study, a conversational analysis was performed on online class(es) discussions between students and lectures. A video recording of a classroom conversation between ELT and TEFL was employed. The study found that 16 out of 40 quotations displayed a turn-taking of the Appealing Strategy (AS). The relational work strategy of Being Cooperative (BC) was cited in 22 of 40 quotes. In relational work strategies, BC indicated that the students' responses related to what the lecturer mentioned. Turn-taking and relational work strategies could be one of the tools to determine the students' politeness by combining the characteristics as politeness indicators that focus on students' answers when speaking with the lecturer. Further investigations on gender disparities that use turn-taking and relational work to maintain politeness in online lecturer-student dialogues may prove insightful.

Narrating Economic History and the History of Economic Thought in Urdu

Abstract Muḥammad Ilyās Barnī’s (1890–1959) ʿIlm ul-Maʿīshat (The Principles of Economics) is an economics textbook that was published in Aligarh in 1917 and claimed to be the first book of economics in Urdu. In the chapter selected for translation here, Barnī narrates the history of India’s trade relationship with Europe, showing how European colonialism exploited Indian industry and gradually placed it in a position of economic subordination. The accompanying introduction to the translation provides a brief overview of Barnī’s life and works, placing the book in the context of his writings on Islam, ethics, and economics. It also situates the book in the larger context of Indian economic thought in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, particularly within debates on poverty, protectionism, and Indian trade. Ultimately, the introduction argues that the study of economic thought and economic history in Urdu reveals a key facet of early twentieth-century language politics in India by highlighting the project of making Urdu a language of social scientific modernity, while also pointing to the development of a vernacular economic critique of empire that became increasingly influential in colonial politics at the turn of the century.

Politeness in Language Interaction in Student Linguistics Primary School Teacher Education Study Program Academic Year 2021/2022 Bosowa University

This research was conducted to describe language politeness that occurs when linguistic/verbal interaction occurs with 52 students of the Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) study program at Bosowa University. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation and interview methods. The observation method is applied in the form of the SLC technique, while the interview method uses the recording technique. The results of this study indicate the use of language politeness in the teaching and learning process in the Elementary School Teacher Education (PGSD) study program batch 2021/2022 at Bosowa University; politeness is due to: familiarity factors, respect factors, age factors, and dominating factors.

Kesantunan dalam percakapan film garis waktu Karya Fiersa Besari

The research entitled "Politeness in Conversation from Fiersa Besari's Garis Waktu Film" is motivated by the occurrence of misunderstandings between speakers and speech partners, causing speech participants to feel offended by the speech received. This is because the speech participants pay less attention to matters relating to the principle of language politeness. The gap between this research and other research is that this research examines compliance and violation based on the six maxims of language politeness according to Leech and analyzes the compliance and violation from the point of view of the speech partner's acceptance as a measure of whether the speech conveyed by the speaker complies with or violates the principle of language politeness based on Yule's 'face' theory. This study aims to obtain a description of the form of compliance and violation of the principle of language politeness in the conversation of the movie Timeline by Fiersa Besari. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The researcher uses the listening method followed by the note-taking technique to collect data, while to analyze the data the researcher uses the commensurate method followed by the Pilah Elemen Penentu (PUP) technique. The result of this research shows 46 data. All data are divided into 31 data of the principle of language politeness compliance which includes maxims (1) praise, (2) generosity, (3) humility, (4) sympathy, and (5) agreement. Then 15 data of violations of the principles of language politeness which include maxims (1) praise and (2) agreement. The results of this study can be applied in class VIII learning with KD 3.16. This research only focuses on the compliance and violation of the principles of language politeness in the conversation of the movie Timeline, further researchers can develop an analysis of the causal factors and language politeness strategies. Keywords: context, form of speech, politeness principles